天津外国语大学2013年基础英语考研真题I.Choose the one answer that best explains the underlined word or phrase in the sentence. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(20points)1.The skies were void of smog,but a light sea mist blanketed the bay in a trippy,wobbly haze.A.freeB.fullC.emptyD.depleted2.By the time I get to the office10minutes later,I’ve already risked being hit by a car several times.Italy and China are very similar in this respect.Traffic lights have more of an ornamental function than a practical one.A.boycottB.extraordinaryC.decorativeD.legal3.As it is in the vicinity of the embassy area,the district where the complex is located is a major residential location for foreigners and foreign companies.A.similar areaB.unknown placeC.main streetD.neighborhood4.Not long ago,Zheng Yuanjie,a famous author of children’s literature,openly expressed his opposition to China’s class council system in his micro-blog,arguing that this system will exert a negative impact on children’s personality development,triggering discussions on whether the current class council system should be cancelled.A.ignitingB.resultingC.enclosingD.inviting5.In2012,Chinese enterprises will be confronted with unprecedented challenges,said the Report of Chinese Enterprise Development,issued by the Development Research Center of the State Council on January8.A.seriousB.worseningC.exceedingD.unparalleled6.The policy incurred queries from the public.Many said that establishing a link between employment rate and college courses is reasonable because colleges have the responsibility to provide useful human resources to promote social development,but deciding a major’s fate based solely on that rate,however,is not.A.causedB.demandedC.eliminatedD.associated7.Anyone who has any understanding of China will agree that we will be able to achieve a soft landing,supported by buoyant domestic demand.A.dwindlingB.emergingC.flowingD.thriving8.Twenty-nine Chinese nationals abducted by local rebels in Sudan were successfully rescued by the Sudanese army and arrived at the Chinese Embassy to Kenya that day.A.seizedB.freedC.exploitedD.moderated9.In China,antibiotics are commonly referred to by another name—medicine to diminish inflammation,which has contributed a lot to the spread of antibiotics.A.curtailB.levelC.dwindleD.shrink10.Because Apple products are released much later in China than in other countries,many Applefans turn to smugglers to satisfy demand.A.black-marketB.howlersC.contrabandistD.dealers11.We see some tactical differences in the region.But on the whole,the United States and Chinahave either commonality or complementarity of interests.A.consensusB.mismatchC.parts that make a good combinationD.needs of both two parties12.Rather a cursory skim of its text reveals that it is in fact a surrogacy intermediary website.A.go-betweenrmation emissionC.express serviceD.transformation13.Despite a widespread tendency to romanticize Van Gogh’s ill health,modern critics see anartist deeply frustrated by the inactivity and incoherence brought about by his bouts of illness.A.attacksB.hoardingC.recoveryD.vulnerability14.Many people claiming to have been forcibly treated for nonexistent mental illnesses areinstitutionalized by family members.A.internalizedB.sent to an institutionC.hospitalizedD.ignored15.From harping on the trade deficit to a discussion of whether it is proper for the candidates tohave investments in China,the word“China”came up22times—always negatively—in the second debate,and35times in the finale between Obama and Romney.A.talking tediouslyB.arguing fiercelyC.relating forciblyD.debating vigorously16.His work is said to bear a strong resemblance to the1982Nobel Prize winner Gabriel GarciaMarquez.The Nobel Committee in Sweden praised Mo’s“hallucinatory realism,”which blends aspects of“fold tales,history and the contemporary,”and said that his works reminded people of Marquez’s and William Faulkner’s works.A.creelB.sheerC.phantasmalD.homicide17.Walking toward the house,a small woman saw me and ran out to usher me the rest of thedistance—-about10feet to the chair.She ran inside,brought out a cup,threw in some tea leaves,repeating the words“Longjing cha”several times and then added hot water.A.pushB.escortC.pressD.take18.While Chinese observers recommend sticking to the principle of a peaceful resolution,theywarn that if Japan takes further provocative acts the bilateral relationship could spin out of control.A.swirlB.jumpC.disperseD.scatter19.One solution to improve the poor drainage system in Beijing is to gradually upgrade theunderground conduits and design standards,but it is not a job that will be completed soon.A.accelerating.B.outpouringC.storingD.drawing off20.The piranha is not the only alien species that has appeared in China.Although it remainsunnecessary for swimmers in Liuzhou to worry about piranha attacks,other alien species have long plagued economies and ecosystems.A.viciousB.invadingC.foreignD.ancientII.Grammatical Structures(10points)Directions:In each of the following sentences there are four underlined parts marked A,B, C and D.Identify the part that is grammatically incorrect.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1.The most easiest process for mining gold is panning,which involves usingA Ba circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom.C D2.In the United States,both the federal and state governments have lawsAdesigned to guard consumers against deceptive advertise.B C D3.Anthropologists agree that our primitive ancestors who inhabited theA Btropics probably have natural protection against the sun.C D4.A principle of manager is to ensure that every action or decision achieves aA B Ccarefully planned goal.D5.Researchers at the university are investigating a series of indicators thatA Bcould help themselves to predict earthquakes.C D6.A common use with gold in the nineteenth century was as a standard for theA B Cvalue of money.D7.How many people realize that agriculture is a source of raw materials forA B Cclothing and to shelter?D8.Principal known for his dictionary,Noah Webster was also the firstA B Cepidemiologist in the country.D9.Window treatment,furniture and color combine all contributeA Bto the overall impression of a room.C D10.a patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix periodA B Cof time.DIII.Cloze Test(20points)Directions:There are two short passages in this section.In each passage,ten words are missing.Fill in each blank with an appropriate word that best suits the context to complete the passage.Notice that the first letter of the missing word in each blank is given and write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage1Note-taking is a skill that can help you do well on all your schoolwork—everything from taking tests to researching a paper.But(1)u______,most schools don’t have classes that teach you how to take(2)n______.So here are some taps.Write down(3)k______facts.If you have a teacher who writes notes on the board,that’s a bonus.You can(4)______them down.If not,write down the most important(5)p______from class.Does your history(6)t______mention the date of a key Civil War battle.Does your English teacher give examples of Shakespeare’s use of dramatic irony?Does your math teacher go over a particular formula?Write it down!It can take some experimenting to(7)f______out what information is helpful,so keep trying and don’t give up.(8)D______teachers do things differently.For example,some teachers may mention lots of dates and facts in class but only write the key ones on the(9)b______.Other teachers may not write anything down,but they may repeat a certain date or piece of information. That’s a10)c______that it’s probably important.After a while,you’ll get to know a teacher’s style.Passage2A growing number of companies are finding that small-group discussions allow them to develop healthier ways to think about work.People at all(11)l______of corporate structure are starting groups that meet weekly or(12)m______to talk over ways to make workplaces(13) m______ethical and just.Several factors must be present for small-group(14)d______to be successful.First,it is important to put together the right(15)g______Groups work best when they consist of people who have(16)s______duties,responsibilities,and missions.This does not mean,however,that everyone in the group must think in lockstep.All(17)p______should agree on the group’s purpose.Finding the right subject matter is essential.There are several(18)w______to fuel the discussion:by using the company’s mission statement,by finding readings on work and ethnics by experts in the topic,or by analyzing specific workplace incidents that have affected the company or others like it.Finally,the dynamics of the group should be balanced,and the discussion leader must not be allowed to overwhelm the conversation or the agenda.Groups work(19)b______when the same person is not always in charge.It is better to(20)r______the leadership for each meeting and let that leader choose the material for discussion.IV.Reading Comprehension(40points)Directions:Below each of the following4passages you will find questions or incompletestatements about the passage.Each statement or question is followed by lettered words or expressions.Select the word or expression that most satisfactorily completes or answers each question in accordance with the contents of the passage.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET:(1)About myopia-if you have it be happy.As shown by numerous scientific studies, nearsighted men and women boast a higher average intelligence than their nonmyopic cohorts. The precise mechanism of this association remains unknown,but it is tempting to postulate an effect of myopia on early childhood development.Most nearsighted kids wander around undiagnosed for years,and during this formative period—unable to see the baseballs,Frisbees, and rocks thrown at them by their playmates—they spend a lot of time indoors.The nonathletic myopias who take up reading to while away the hours get high scores on the SATs,while those who take up eating tweak our claustrophobia by overflowing the adjacent seat on airplanes. Myopia also exerts a compelling influence on career choice:the great majority of my fellow ophthalmologists wear either contact lenses or thick myopic spectacles.Pathology breeds preoccupations.However beautiful the human eye,it serves a more important purpose than romantic allure. Forty percent of the brain is devoted to vision,which provides us with more information than our other four senses combined.Our optic nerves transmit millions of impulses to the brain every second,impulses that specify the location,color and intensity of light for all the points in our visual space.Better yet,thanks to a mysterious algorithm that fuses the slightly disparate images from each of our eyes,our visual cortex,via a neurological miracle known as depth perception, shows us the world in three dimensions.An impressive feat since a video camera,arguably the benchmark of modem technology,can muster only two dimensions.Certain ocular tissue stands on the pinnacle of evolution.How does nature,so crude in claw and fang,create a surface that brings light into a pinpoint focus?This surface must be perfectly curved,perfectly transparent,perfectly smooth.It must be water!Which is to say,the cornea owes its optical perfection to a tear film whose dissolved salts,lipids,and proteins maintain a flawless wetted surface.A man who has no tears stands on the brink of blindness.Worse yet,that man will writhe in agony:a dry cornea,thanks to the most exquisite pain threshold in the human body, responds to each blink with a tormenting jolt.Dry eye victims compare the sensation to that caused by rubbing the eyeball with shards of glass.1.Myopia is blessing in disguise because______.A.shortsighted people earn more.B.shortsighted people read more.C.shortsighted people live long.D.shortsighted people eat more.2.“Pathology breeds preoccupations”most probably means,by analogy,______.A.eye doctors choose their career because they like his career.B.surgeons choose their career because they suffer from injury.C.gynaecologists choose their career because she is a woman.D.ear,nose and throat doctors choose their career because they wish to have a beautiful voice.3.To ensure the eyes function normally,the most important thing is to______.A.read less to let the eyes have a rest.B.see the doctor when there is something wrong with the eye.C.not to focus on an object over a long time.D.need water to moisten the cornea.4.The sentence“However beautiful the human eye,it serves a more important purpose than romantic allure”can be best interpreted as______.A.But the human eye is beautiful,it...B.Although human eye is beautiful it...C.No matter beautiful the human eye is,it...D.Despite the fact that the human eye is beautiful,it...5.Which organ receives the most information,according to the author?A.Ears.B.Tongue.C.HandsD.Eyes(2)That evening at the academician’s dormitory,I went out onto my balcony and lit a cigarette.A few minutes later,the door of the adjacent balcony opened.The balconies were extremely close,the railings separated by a mere ten inches of black space.An elderly woman stepped outside and stood very still,gazing sternly into the distance,apparently her own thoughts about Tolstoy.Abruptly she turned to me.“Would you be so kind as to give me a light?”she asked.I fished a matchbook from my pocket,lit a match,cupped my hand around it,and held it over her balcony.She leaned over,ignited a Kent Light,and began puffing away.I decided to take advantage of this moment of human contact to ask for shampoo.(There wasn’t any in our bathrooms,and mine was lost somewhere with my suitcase.)But when I mentioned shampoo, some strong emotion flickered across the old woman’s face.Fear?Annoyance?Hatred?I consoled myself that I was providing her an opportunity to practice resignation of the soul.“Just a minute.”said my neighbor resignedly,as if she had read my thoughts.She set down her cigarette in a glass ashtray.The thread of smoke climbed up into the windless night.I ducked into my room to find a shampoo receptacle,choosing a ceramic mug with a picture of the historic white gates of Yasnaya Polyana.Under the picture was a quotation from L.N.Tolstoy,about how he was unable to imagine a Russia with no Yasnaya Polyana.I held the mug over the narrow chasm,and my neighbor poured in some sudsy water from a small bottle.I realized then that she was sharing with me literally her last drops of shampoo, which she had mixed with water in order to make them last longer.I thanked her as warmly as I knew how.She responded with a dignified nod.We stood a moment in silence.“Do you have any cats and dogs?”she asked finally.“No.”I said.“And you?”“In Moscow,I have a marvelous cat.”6.“I fished a matchbook from my pocket”.Here the matchbook is______.A.a book.B.a match schedule.C.a box contains matches.D.a description of matches.7.The passage indicates that the hotel room the author lives in is probably______.A.expensiveB.elegantC.spaciousD.high about the ground8.It can be gathered from the passage that the hotel does not provide its customer with______.A.food.B.drinking waterC.bathroom.D.shampoo9.The author might not have asked for help from her hotel neighbor in the following situation:A.She had her luggage at hand.B.She had taken a bath at home.C.She believed that her neighbor had enough shampoo.D.She knew that her neighbor did not have enough shampoo.10.I thanked her as warmly as I knew how,"means that I am grateful to my hotel neighbor so I______.A.thanked her most warmly.B.did it in Russia as Russians do.C.did what I should in this situation.D.asked her about her pets at home.(3)London keeps its eyes on this far comer of the empire.Two British diplomats preside—colonial figures hardly cut from the same cloth as the old viceroys of India or governors of Nigeria or Hong Kong.The senior man is usually on the verge of retirement,having enjoyed rather too little distinction in his career,or else sporting a stated fascination with bird watching, since there is a local and much-celebrated albatross.His assistant is invariably an eager—youngster—on this occasion an ambitious young woman who was leaving after six months for a long-sought and career-boosting posting outside Kandahar.There is usually rather little for the pair to do:the only signed order currently posted on the island’s official notice board refers to power cut due for two hours the following Tuesday.Once in a long while,there is a crisis.The event for which Tristan is perhaps best remembered was the eruption of its volcano in1961,and the evacuation of the entire population. The264islanders the population size has remained very stable for the last half century—were brought to England and put up in a disused army barracks in Hampshire.But the supposed delights of Western civilization—cars,elevators,cinemas,none of which the islanders had ever seen before—did not seduce them into staying:two years later all but fourteen went home.They built their ruined town and settled back to their uncomplicated routines of fishing for lobsters and knitting ganzeys.The Daily Mirror of the time said,admiringly,that by doing so the islanders had delivered on all smug Britons a much-deserved and contemptuous slap.I first went to the island in1983,then again a little later.I was welcomed,though warily:the self-reliance of the islanders is matched by a fierce devotion to self-protection and privacy.They knew I was a writer:they warned me that anything I might publish would be read and analyzed for years to come.And though nothing untoward occurred when I was visiting(my time ashore I spent fully impressed with the idea of leaving only footprints and taking only snapshots)it was shortly after that second trip that I quite inadvertently committed the indiscretion which resulted in my lifetime prohibition.At first blush it all sounds to have been innocent indeed.It stems from a somewhat bizarre British government decision,taken during World War II,to reclassify some of its more remote island possessions as his ships.Tristan was transmuted into HMS Atlantic Isle,and its role was to patrol(from its rock-hewn state of immobility)for any German U-boats that might be lurking in the southern Atlantic.To compound the fantasy,a small party of sailors was posted there to man the ship—one of them a young and apparently romantically minded lieutenant and littérateur manquénamed Derrick Booty.11.The administrators of the Island are______.A.able and powerful.B.well educated and full of vitality.C.old and inexperienced.D.busy and working hard.12.The word“power”can mean different things.In this passage in the phrase“power cut”,powerdefinitely means______.A.administrative power.B.muscle.C.brain power.D.electricity.13.The island inhabitants like______.A.modern civilization in LondonB.pristine life at home.C.volcano on the Island.D.warships visiting the island.14.It can be gathered from this piece that the British government regarded the island Tristan as ifit were a(n)______.A.warship.B.frontier.C.fishing ground.ting factory.15.In the phrase“to patrol(from its rock-hewn state of immobility)for any German U-boats”,“rock-hewn state of immobility”is another way of referring to______.A.HMS Atlantic Isle.B.Tristan Island.C.U-boat.D.Atlantic Ocean.(4)The drive took us back past Casablanca,with its smoking chimneys and thicket of apartment buildings,and then to E1Jadida,a whitewashed resort town on a flat spread of pinkish beach,where we stayed the night.Thursday morning was warm and clear,the light pouring over wide fields of corn and wheat.In several fields,donkeys and mules were already at work,pulling irrigation machines and plows,leaning into their harnesses.Carts hurtled alongside us on the shoulder of the road.loaded with entire families and nearly toppling loads of bulging burlap bags, boxes,and miscellany,heading in the direction of the souk,the donkey or mule or horse moving snappily as if the sound of the car traffic was egging them on.By the time we arrived,just after7 a.m.,the fairground was already mobbed.We had no trouble parking,because there were only ahandful of cars and another handful of trucks,but the rest of the parking area was cluttered with wagons and carts and scores of donkeys and mules—a few hundred of them at least,dozing, nibbling on the scraps of grass,swaying in place,hobbled by a bit of plastic twine tired around their ankles.These weren’t for sale—they were transportation,and they were parked while their owners were shopping.A roar floated over the fairground;it was the combined chatter of hundreds of buyers and sellers haggling,and the smack and thump of boxes being opened and sacks being slapped down to be filled,and vendors hollering for attention and a blast of Moroccan music playing out of an unattended laptop computer that was hooked to man-sized,speakers,beneath a tent of fabric cut from a Nokia cell-phone billboard.We walked in through a section of the souk where vendors sat behind mountains of dried beans in baskets four feet wide,and past stalls selling fried fish and kebabs,the greasy smoky air trapped in the tents,and then we arrived at the donkey area.At the entrance were rows and rows of vendors selling donkey and mule supplies.A young man,deep furrows in his face was selling bits made of rusty iron—his inventory,hundreds of bits,was in a stack three feet high.Beside him,a family sat on a blanket surrounded by harnesses made of tan and orange and white nylon webbing,and every member of the family,including the children,was stitching new harnesses while they waited to sell the ones they had already made.The next row had a dozen stalls,all offering donkey saddles—V-shaped wooden forms that sit on the animal’s back and support the cart shafts.The saddles were made out of old chair legs and scrap lumber,the corners nailed together with squares cut from old tin cans;they were rough-looking but sturdy,and they had thick padding where they would rest on the animal’s skin.16.It can be assumed that the donkey in Casablanca serves as______.A.draught animal and means of transportation.B.pet and plaything.C.human companion and soul comforter.D.symbol for hard work.17.There are more unused parking spaces for______.A.cars and trucks.B.donkeys and mules.C.motor cars and bikes.D.police cars and patrol cars.18.The market place at the time described by the article is______.A.quiet and peaceful.B.noisy and packed.C.festive and attractive.D.repulsing and unwelcome19.In the phrase“V-shaped wooden forms that sit on the animal’s back”,the word“animal”refersto______.A.all kinds of living creatures as a noun.B.a particular donkey as to avoid repetition.C.the donkey in general as elegant variationD.some pet we like as a vivid description.20.It can be an educated from the context that the word souk most probably means______.A.fairground festivalB.parking space.C.family gathering.D.market.V.Translation from English to Chinese(20points)Directions:Translate the following two passages into Chinese and write your Chinese versions on the ANSWER SHEET.‘If you talk to a man in a language he understands that goes to his head.If talk to him in his own language that goes to his heart.’—Nelson Mandela.Becoming bilingual opens up a whole new world—a world of different people,of different cultures,of different emotions.Learning a second language has many cognitive benefits.For example,learning a new language has been shown to delay Alzheimer’s boost brainpower,reduce cognitive biases,and even increase concentration and the ability to tune out distraction.Your ability to build better habits will improve by learning a new language.But,more so than cognitive effects,the ability to speak a second language has a ton of social benefits which won’t be discussed here.The coolest thing about learning your second language is that it makes learning a third,fourth,or fifth language much easier.Once you know the techniques, you’ll be able to apply the same grammatical patterns and language techniques in every new language you learn.参考答案及解析I.Choose the one answer that best explains the underlined word or phrase in the sentence. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(20points)1.A句意：空中没有一点云雾，但是一层梦幻般的悬浮海雾笼罩着海湾。
![[考研类试卷]2013年天津外国语大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc](https://img.taocdn.com/s1/m/163b56bc87c24028905fc340.png)
