1、keep
①keep + 形容词表示“保持”
Please keep quite.
请保持安静。
②keep + 宾语+ 形容词（或介词短语）表示“把……保持在某一状态”
We must do everything we can to keep the air clean.
我们必须尽一切所能保持空气清洁。
③keep sb doing sth 表示“让某人做某事”
——只能用现在分词作宾语补足语，不能用不定式。
He kept us waiting for two hours.
他让我们等了两个小时。
He kept us to wait for two hours. (错误)
④keep on doing sth和keep doing sth 表示“继续做某事，反复做某事”，可换用。
但keep on doing 更强调动作的反复性或做事人的决心。
He keeps on phoning me, but I don’t want to talk to him. Though he failed 3 times, he kept on trying.
他老是给我打电话，但我不想同他讲话。虽然他已失败了3次，但他仍继续干下去。
keep doing sth 经常用于静态动词。
He kept lying in bed all day long. 他整天都躺在床上。
⑤keep …from doing sth 表示“阻止，使免于”
He kept them from fishing in the lake. 他不让他们在那个湖里捕鱼。
2、may not / mustn’t / needn’t / wouldn’t
①may not be 是may be的否定式，意为“可能不是，也许不是”
He may be there.他可能在那里。He may not be there.他可能不在那里。
②must 意为“必须”，mustn’t 意为“千万不可，绝对不可”
所以Must we/I ……?的否定回答要用needn’t—意为“不必”
-Must we get there before 11 o’clock？
-No, we needn’t.
③wouldn’t = would not 意为“不会，不愿”
I wouldn’t say no.
3、do
①do表示“做”，做某事，常指某种不具体的活动；make表示“制作”，指做出某种具体的东西。
You’ve done a good job.
He made a toy train for his son.
②do some + 动名词是一种习惯表达，也可说do the + 动名词，do一般不翻译出来，根据动名词的词义进行翻译和理解。
do some washing 洗些衣服do some cleaning 打扫卫生do some shopping 上街购物
do some reading 读些东西do some listening 听广播/录音do some cooking 做饭
Marry will help you do the translating.
③do well in & do badly in
be good at & not good at
4、get
①表示“到达”，和reach、arrive at是同义词
They got to the park at nine in the morning.
②表示“开始，逐渐的认识/理解”，强调一个逐渐发展的过程
I got to know the meaning of his words.
③用作连系动词，表示“变得”
It gets warmer and warmer.
④表示让某人做某事时，get和have常可换用，但结构不同
get sb to do sth
have sb do sth
You can get her to stay at home.
You can have him come in the evening.
5、risk doing
6、fill
①fill意为“装满，填满”可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词fill sth/sb with sth 使充满，把…填满
be filled with sth/ sb 充满着，充满了
Please fill me the cup with water.
Her eyes were filled with tears.
②fill in意为“填空，填写表格”
Please fill in this form.
Please fill in your name and address.
③full是形容词，反义词是empty
be full of = be filled with 装满，充满
the glass is filled with milk = the glass is full of milk.
7、raise a child
8、sincerely
