SAT语法讲义(完整版)
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SAT 语法讲义浙江大学外语学院孙静SAT 语法部分简介语法部分属于SAT reasoning test 中的写作(writing)板块,与essay writing 分值一起组成写作板块的总分。
SAT语法之所以被划分在Writing Skills 当中,是因为它实际是考查考生对英语的标准书面语(Standard Written English)的掌握程度,并非琐碎复杂的语法知识,SAT语法规则有时和我们通常所学的语法书上的知识点有所出入,规则也不尽相同。
其考试题型和考试重点也与中国的语法题目大相径庭。
因此SAT的语法具有特殊性,它追求的是“好的语法”,是恰当的,最符合英语国家文化传统与语言习惯的用法。
SAT的语法规则,也就是像OG当中所阐述的那样,是一种“the rules of good written English”,具有准确,清晰,简洁的特点,杜绝口语化、模糊和冗余的表达。
表现在做题方面,不仅仅会考到你是否能判断这个句子正确与否,而且会考到这个句子是否有效和简洁。
这就大大提升了题目的难度。
比如说有些句子在TOEFL中是对的,但是在SAT语法里面就是错误的,因为它不够简洁有效。
整个语法部分包括三种题型:ISE(Identifying sentence errors,即挑错题)、IS(Improving sentences,即句子改进题)、IP(Improving paragraphs,即段落改进题),所有题目均为五选一。
SAT语法部分的49个选择题分布在两个section,其中 ISE(句子挑错题)18 小题、IS(句子改进题)25 小题、IP(段落改进题)6 小题。
三种题型所考查的侧重点各不相同,从OG和真题上对各部分考试目的和内容的解析中可以得出这一点。
如在 ISE的介绍中,对考生的要求是“The ability to recognize grammar and usage errors”,强调语法和固定用法的使用是否正确;而IS对考生的要求则变成了“the ability to recognize and write clear, effective and accurate sentences”,从语法知识转移到了清晰,准确,简洁的表达方式。
SAT语法分类讲义+练习SAT语法分类之第一类:主谓一致1 Despite (A) the heavy rain, the television reporter, accompanied by her royal film crew, were willing (B) to wait (C) outside the hotel until the delegates finished their (D) meeting. No error (E). (2010-1-S7-22)B2 The bright (A) fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received (B) critical acclaim not only (C) in his home state, New Mexico, but also in (D) New York. No error (E). (P161.1) B3 The grooved and barbed spears of the box jellyfish, each (A) trailed by (B) a poison thread, is released (C) when (D) the animal is threatened. No error (E) (P410.23)C4 In the early 20th century, new thinking about (A) symbolism and the unconscious were (B) greatly inspired by (C) the writings (D) of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. No error (E) (P193.18) B5 The derelict old house across from (A) the warehouses and the even more (B) decrepit one just beside (C) them have been placed (D) on the list of historic landmarks. No error (E)(P410.24)E6 The professor’s insistence on high standards are (A) not, despite wha t students think, part of (B) a plan to withhold (C) high grades from them (D). No error (E) (P839.27)A7 Flints found in (A) the region extending from the Nile Valley to (B) the highlands of eastern Iraq attests to (C) the presence of people there as long ago as (D) one hundred thousand years. No error (E). (P166.3)C8 Studying (A) the language and culture of a foreign country is highly recommended to (B) the tourist who expect (C) to learn from (D) his or her vacation abroad. No error (P721.26) C9 Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B) only recently has (C) the harmful effects of noise pollution become (D) known. No error (E). (P167.6) C10 In the foothills of that large mountain range is (A) the sources of a river whose course (B) was not fully mapped (C) until (D) this century. No error (E). (P 776.19)A11. At the heart of the program, enthusiastically endorsed (A) by the city’s business association, is (B) plans for refurbishing neighborhoods and for making (C) low interest mortgages available to (D) young families. No error (E) (P956.12)B12 Also supported (A) by the commission was (B) the proposed health clinics and the proposed center (C) to distribute information on job-training (D) opportunities. No error (E)(P602.27)B13 Available through the school's guidance office is (A) a job directory and a list of job referral centers that provide (B) information for (C) students in need of (D) employment. No error (E)(P721.29)A14 Langston Hughes may be best known for (A) his poetry, but (B) included among (C) his many published works are (D) a sizable collection of short stories. No error. (E) (2010-1-S7-27) D第二类:时态1 Quincy took Dan to Derek's home for a visit (A), never imagining (B) that five years would pass (C) before seeing (D) Derek again. No Error.(E) (2002-5-S4-29)D2 Jerome often referred to (A) art history textbook while he (B) was sculpting; whenever he learned a new method in art class, he seeks out (C) the work of sculptors who had used it (D) in the past. No error (E)(P409.15)C3 Some of the workers who resent (A) the supervisor’s authority would probably (B) feel uncomfortable if (C) they were to acquire the independence that they demand (D). No error (E)(P839.22)E4 Although born in the Midwest, Langston Hughes lived most of his adult life in Harlem, in New York City, where (A), like (B) other writers in the 1930’s, he had wrote (C) some of his finest (D) works. No error (E)(P894.12)C第三类:平行结构1 Each time Caroline turns on her computer, she has (A) to enter a company code, then her initials, and then enters a password (B) before (C) she can begin working (D). No error (E).(P166.2)B2 Of the hundreds of warm-water coral species, only a few (A) are highly prized (B) for use in jewelry because of their (C) beauty, luster, and they are hard (D). No error (E). (P533.12) D3 Acquaintances of Alexei have commented that he is at once annoying because of his unpredictability but his imagination is still a delight. (P431.14).A) Same.B) although he is delightfully imaginativeC) and he is delightful in his imagination tooD) while being imaginative and. They are delightedE) and delightful because of his imaginationE4 Readers of the novice writer's recent book have said that it is at once frustrating because of its chaotic structure but its originality is still a delight. (P775.11)(A) but its originality is still a delight(B) although it is delightfully original(C) and it is delightful in its originality(D) while being so original as to delight them(E) and delightful because of its originalityE5 Just how (A) critical an improved balance of trade is to (B) a healthy economy has never been (C) more clearer (D) than it is now. No error (E).(P659.18)D6 Most drivers know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes gasoline, but also that it is dangerous. (P678.13)(A) know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes(B) know that excessive speeding on highways could be wasteful of(C) are knowledgeable that excessive speeding on highways not only wastes(D) have known that excessive speeding on highways wastes not only(E) know that excessive speeding on highways not only by itself can wasteA第四类:形容词、副词误用1 Although canoeing through (A) the rapids was exciting, it was (B) also exhausting, and we were happy for a time to have the canoe float serene (C) down (D) a smooth stretch of the river. No error (E). (P838.12)C2 The research study reveals (A) startling proof of a constant (B) changing seafloor that comprises (C) the major part of (D) the underwater landscape. No error (E). (P602.29)B第五类:逻辑主语1 Contrasting with (A) most other (B) fifteenth- century rulers, Portuguese Kings could count on (C) the support of the aristocracy in any (D) overseas ventures. No error (E) A2 Indicating their desire to extend free enterprise, Canadians elected a member of theProgressive Conservative Party, Kim Campbell, as Prime Minister in 1993.(P493.13)(A) Canadians elected a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, Kim Campbell, as Prime Minister(B) Canadians’ election of a member of the Progressive Conservative Party as Prime Minister was Kim Campbell(C) Kim Campbell of the Progressive Conservative Party was elected Prime Minister of Canada(D) the Progressive Conservative Pa rty’s Kim Campbell was elected Prime Minister of Canadians(E) a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, Kim Campbell, was elected by Canadians as Prime MinisterA3 Raised in a large and noisy city, it was only when I went away to college that I realized how delightful life in a small town could be.(P955.11)(A) it was only when I went away to college that I realized how delightful life in a small town could be(B) when I went away to college I then realized how delightful life in a small town could be(C) going away to college made me realize how delightful life in a small town could be(D) I did not realize how delightful life in a small town could be until I went away to college(E) delightful life in a small town was unrealized by me until I went away to collegeD4 Having thought the problem through with some care, that the committee did not understand her solution frustrated the chairperson extremely.(P599.5)(A) that the committee did not understand her solution frustrated the chairperson extremely(B) the chairperson’s extremely frustration resulted from the committee not understanding her solution(C) the chairperson’s frustration at the committee’s failing to understand her solution was extreme(D) the chairperson was extremely frustrated by the committee’s failure to understand her solution(E) the committee’s failing to understand her solution was an extreme frustration to the chairpersonD5 While working as a nurse in the streets of Calcutta, that was when Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor.(P892.1)(A) that was when Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor(B) Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor(C) then the development of Mother Teresa’s profound love for the poor took place(D) Mother Teresa’s profound love for the poor developed(E) a profound love for the poor developed in Mother TeresaB6 By simply entering an Internet website or calling a toll-free number, a catalog order can be placed for almost anything from cheesecakes to fully equipped desktop computers.(P616.12)(A) a catalog order can be placed(B) by placing a catalog order(C) they will place your catalog order(D) you can place a catalog order(E) your catalog order can be placedD7 Though now one of the most famous abstract artists, critics once ridiculed Jackson Pollock for his technique of splattering paint on canvases.(P532.8)(A) critics once ridiculed Jackson Pollock(B) critics once were ridiculing Jackson Pollock(C) Jackson Pollock once ridiculed by critics(D) Jackson Pollock was once ridiculed by critics(E) Jackson Pollock, having once been ridiculed by criticsD8 During (A) my most recent (B) trip, I came across (C) a wonderful antique store wandering(D) in the old quarter of the city. No error (E). (P533.16)D9 Having been a victim of malicious rumors, Helen purposely avoided gossips.(P954. 3)(A) Having been a victim of malicious rumors(B) Her being a victim of malicious rumors(C) Her having been victimized by malicious rumors(D) Because being a victim of malicious rumors(E) Because having been a victim of malicious rumorsA第六类:代词1 The starling is such a (A) pest in rural areas that it has become (B) necessary to find ways(C) of controlling the growth of their (D) population. No error (E)(P167.8)D2 The quality of multivitamin tablets is determined (A) by how long (B) its (C) potency can be protected (D) by the manufacturer's coating material. No error (E) (P602.28)C3 Despite research on the diagnosis of (A) heart disease and the use of increasingly (B) sophisticated technology in its treatment (C), the condition of coronary arteries is (D) still difficult to assess precisely. No error (E) (2008-1-Q21)E4 The report Alexander is discussing (A), a report prepared jointly by he (B) and the committee, does not take into account (C) the socioeconomic status of those interviewed (D). No error (E)(P602.21)B5 Apparently impressed with (A) our plans, the foundation awarded Carlos and I (B) a grant to establish (C) a network of community centers throughout (D) the city. No error (E) (P602.26)B6 For we (A) students, concern about impending (B) tuition hikes was even more acute than(C) apprehension about (D) final exams. No error (E) (P721.27)A7 It would be (A) much more efficient for you and I (B) to work together on both projects than (C) for each of us (D) to work separately on one. No error (E). (2008-10-S7-22)B8 For people in (A) many ancient societies, work was only a means of (B) survival rather than (C) a way to improve your (D) standard of living. No error (E) (P838.19)D9 When one first begins (A) to arm wrestle, it’s (B) important to work on one’s endurance and to make your (C) biceps appear formidable (D). No error. (E)C10 If one adopts (A) a tiger as a pet, particularly (B) in New York City, you (C) should alert those who (D) live in the area. No Error (E)C11 The comet has recently changed direction toward Jupiter, which is leading scientists to wonder about the composition of the object.(A) which is leading scientists to wonder about(B) this development leading scientists to wonder about(C) and with it scientists’ wonder of(D) a development leading scientists to wonder about(E) this leading scientists to wonder onD12 Candy manufacturers applauded the discovery by (A) researchers that students which (B) smell chocolate while studying and again while taking (C) a test are able to (D) recall more material than students not exposed to the odor of chocolate. No error (E)(P894.15)B13 In a world that (A) the rate of technological and social change accelerates frighteningly(B) , change itself (C) often seems to be the only constant (D). No error (E) (P957.21)A14 Along (A) the curve of islands known as the Florida Keys lies(B) a reef of living coral, the only one(C) of a kind(D) in the continental United States. No Error (E)D15 During the labor dispute, barrels of potatoes were emptied across the highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic.(P599.4)(A) highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic(B) highway and thereby blocking it to all traffic(C) highway, by which all traffic was therefore blocked(D) highway, and therefore this had all traffic blocked(E) highway, thereby blocking all trafficE16 The lawyers representing the parking-lot operators asserted as to the defensibility of their practices as legal and ethical.(P615.6)(A) as to the defensibility of their practices as legal and ethical(B) as to their practices and their defensibility on legal and ethical grounds(C) that their practices, that is the operators, are defensible in legal terms as well as ethics(D) that in regards to defensibility their practices are legally and ethically defensible(E) that the practices of the operators are legally and ethically defensibleE17 Conners, a publishing and media services company, is acquiring Dispatch Education, it manufactures school uniforms.(P599.2)(A) Dispatch Education, it manufactures(B) Dispatch Education, which manufactures(C) Dispatch Education, manufacturing(D) Dispatch Education, it is manufacturing(E) Dispatch Education, for the manufacturing ofB18 Many communities in my state are forming neighborhood watch programs, for it will deter criminals.(P739.10)(A) programs, for it will deter(B) programs, in which it will deter(C) programs that will deter(D) programs for the deterrence of(E) programs being able to deterC19 It is hard for some young people to believe that women were at one time not admitted to some colleges, but they have since become coeducational.(P802.8)(A) colleges, but they have since become coeducational(B) colleges, but they are now coeducational(C) colleges, and have since become coeducational(D) colleges that have since become coeducational(E) colleges, since becoming coeducationalD20 When Catherine the Great had a magnificent dinner service of Sevres porcelain made for her, she was scandalized by its great cost, which became the subject of prolonged controversy.(P987.8)(A) which became(B) so it was to be(C) with a result that it was destined to become(D) therefore becoming(E) consequently it would becomeA第七类介词1 At the highest level (A) of competitive chess, players are so familiar to (B) one another’s strategies that they can practically (C) read their opponents’minds; the result is drearily predictable (D) play. No error (E). (2008-5-S4-16)B2 Vanessa had a tendency of changing (A) her mind often, so often (B) in fact that her friends gave up expecting (C) her to show up at (D) their parties. No error (E). (2008-10-S7-28) A3 Digital technology, as every marketer knows, is synonymous to speed, precision, and the future.A. toB. ofC. withD. forE. throughC常考的一些搭配abide byable toaccuse … ofapologize forapprove ofcapable ofcomply with conscious ofconsists ofdepend on= rely on differ from discriminate against equivalent toescape fromfamiliar with/ familiar to grateful toidentical toobject tojealous of opposed to participate in preoccupied with protect … from provide … with relevant to succeed in tendency to/ toward第八类:连词:(逻辑关系错误/多连词/副词误用为连词/分句间缺连词)1 Watermelons have been cultivated for more than 4000 years, and whereby thumping them to test for ripeness has an equally long history.A. and whereby thumping themB. whereby thumping themC. because thumping themD. thumping them as a wayE. and thumping themE2 Since some (A) people are convinced that (B) dowsing, a method of finding underground water with a Y-shaped stick, is effective, but others condemn the procedure as (C) mere superstition (D) . No error(E)(P602.24)A3 Many students work after school and on weekends, consequently they do not have much time for doing their homework.A, weekends, consequently they do not haveB, weekends, they do not haveC, weekends, as a consequence they do not haveD, weekends, therefore they do not haveE, weekends; consequently, they do not haveE4 Even the play’s most minor characters work toge ther with extraordinary skill, their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.A, their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.B, a moving theatrical experience is created by their interplayC, and their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.D, and a moving theatrical experience being the creation of their interplayE, with their interplay they create a moving theatrical experience.C第九类:固定搭配1 Just as Ireland has produced many famous writers and the Netherlands on abundance of famous painters, so Finland has provided a large number of famous architects. (P775.10)(A) so Finland has provided a large number of famous architects(B) Finland provides famous architects, and by large numbers(C) Finland’s contribution is to provided famous architects in a large number(D) and so then, for Finland, a large number of famous architects is provided(E) and like them Finland has provided a large number of famous architectsA2 No sooner had Andrea del Sarto traveled to France to work for the French king but his wife persuaded him to return to Italy.(P676.4)(A) but his wife persuaded him to return(B) but his wife had him persuaded into returning(C) than he was persuaded by his wife that he will return(D) but he was persuaded by his wife into returning(E) than his wife persuaded him to returnE3 Chaplin will not be remembered for espousing radical causes any more than they will remember Wayne for endorsing conservative political candidates.(P677.6)(A) any more than they will remember Wayne(B) as will Wayne not be remembered(C) any more than Wayne will be remembered(D) just as they will not remember Wayne(E) no more than Wayne will be rememberedC4 The main reasons students give for failing to participate in the political process is that they have demanding assignments and work at part-time jobs.(P600.6)(A) is that they have demanding assignments and work at(B) are demanding assignments and they work at(C) are that they have demanding assignments and that they work at(D) is having demanding assignments and having to work at(E) are demanding assignments, in addition to working atC7 The reason for the continued popularity of country-western performers is that it draws on experience with which almost everyone can identify(P955. 10)(A) that it draws on(B) that their music draws on(C) because the music draws on(D) because of them drawing from(E) they will draw fromB第十类:分句错误:双主语/缺谓语1 The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, whose origins are hotly debated.(P863.10)(A) The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, whose origins are hotly debated.(B) The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, its origins are hotly debated.(C) Possibly one of Europe’s oldest languages, the origins of Basque are hotly debated.(D) The origins of the Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, are hotly debated.(E) Basque is hotly debated as a language wh ose origins are possibly Europe’s oldest.D2 The problem of water pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas because the treatment and release of industrial wastes are not adequately regulated.(P954.2)(A) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas because(B) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas and(C) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas when(D) pollution is frequently compounded in certain areas where(E) pollution is frequently compounded in certain areas andD简洁原则:1 Anita liked to watch television, of which she found the science programs especially fascinating.(A) television, of which she found the science programs especially fascinating(B) television; she found the science programs especially fascinating(C) television, and it was especially the science programs that were of fascination(D) television; the fascination of the science programs especially(E) television, especially fascinating to her were the programsB2 The chestnut, like the oak, is called an immortal tree, the reason is that the truck and roots remain alive even after the tree has been felled.(P955. 6)(A) tree, the reason is that the truck and roots remain(B) tree, which has a truck and roots that are remaining(C) tree, the truck of which and the roots remain(D) tree because its truck and roots remain(E) tree, whose trunk and roots are remainingD习题:1. Roger had just walked into his office and that was when he was told that his plan had finally been approved.A. and that was when he was toldB. and then he learnedC. when it was learned by himD. and then they told himE. when he learnedE2. Burdened with three pieces of luggage and a pair of skis, Sarah’s search for a baggage cart was desperate.A. Sarah’s search for a baggage cart was desperateB. Sarah’s desperate search was for a baggage cartC. a baggage cart was what Sarah desperately searched forD. a baggage cart for which Sarah desperately searchedE. Sarah searched desperately for a baggage cartE例:Of all the states represented at the conference, the governor of Missouri was the only one to present plans for enforcing the new regulations. (P740.14)(A) the governor of Missouri was the only one to present(B) making the governor from Missouri the only one to present(C) Missouri’s governor only presented(D) Missouri’s governor presented the only(E) Missouri was the only one whose governor presentedE3. Karen, James, and Sam were hiking when, stumbling over a rock, he fell down a steep embankment.A. when, stumbling over a rock, he fell down a steep embankmentB. and then he fell down a steep embankment after he stumbled over a rockC. when Sam fell down a steep embankment after stumbling over a rockD. when Sam fell down a steep embankment, since he stumbled over a rockE. and, since he stumbled over a rock, he fell down a steep embankmentC4. By attracting new industry when the old factory closed, the council kept the economy of the town from collapsing, this was a disaster many workers had feared.A. this was a disaster many workers had fearedB. because many workers had feared a disasterC. the fear many workers had would be a disasterD. a disaster that many workers had fearedE. it was feared by many workers as a disasterD5. A healthy economy can be measured not only by the growth of business but it has a psychological effect on people.A. it has aB. as well in theC. also by theD. also theE. in the way of having aC6. Today’s political candidates may reach wide audiences by appearing on television, but old-fashioned barnstorming still has value because it allows the electorate to meet candidates face to face.A. television, but old-fashioned barnstorming still has value because it allowsB. television, but old-fashioned barnstorming still would have value because of allowingC. television; however, there is still value in old-fashioned barnstorming by allowingD. television, old-fashioned barnstorming still having value because it allowsE. television, when old-fashioned barnstorming still has value in allowingA7. Linguistic research often requires fieldwork where they can study and record the spoken dialects of a region.A. where theyB. through which theyC. and the linguistD. during which the linguistE. which theyD8. The primatologist has argued that sustained observation of a few animals provides better behavioral data than does intermittent observation of many animals.A. provides better behavioral data than does intermittent observation of many animalsB. provides better behavioral data than many animals are observed intermittentlyC. providing better behavioral data than does intermittent observation of many animalsD. do provide better behavioral data than intermittent observation of many animals doE. in contrast to intermittent observation of many animals, provides better behavioral dataA例:Of the following, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 5 below?Whatever it is, it seemed that the creature has a burrow under our front porch.(P722.31)(A) (as it is now)(B) In spite of what it is, it seems that the creature has(C) The creature, whatever it was, seemingly having(D) It would seem, whatever it is, that it would have(E) Whatever the creature is, it seems to haveE9. George Orwell’s term “doublespeak” referri ng to the intentional use of language to confuse or to mislead, as when one says “revenue enhancement” instead of “tax increase.”A. referring to the intentional use of languageB. referring to language which is intentionally usedC. which refers to the intentionally using languageD. refers to the intentional use of languageE. is when it refers to language used intentionallyD10. Scientists predict technological changes in the next century, they will be as dramatic as was the development of the transcontinental railroad in the last century.A. century, they will be as dramatic as wasB. century, these will be as dramatic asC. century; being as dramatic as wasD. century will be dramatic as isE. century as dramatic asE11. With billions of tons yet to be mined, some argue that coal conservation measures are unnecessary.A. With billions of tonsB. Because billions of tons of coal areC. Because of coal in billions of tonsD. By considering that there are billions of tonsE. Aware of the coal in billions of tonsB练习讲解句子改错1. Despite (A) its cultural importance, the Daily Gazette lost (B) 70 percent of its subscribers since 1920 and, by 1955, was losing (C) as much as(D) $200,000 a year. No error (E) (06.1,29)B2. Africa’s Kanem Empire, after enduring for (A) over a thousand years, is (B) believed to have fallen into decline (C) when trade centers shift (D) outside its boundaries. No error (E) (06.5, 25)D3. Although the precise date and place of the origin of baseball are hotly debated (A), it is beyond dispute (B) that the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn play (C) an important role in its (D) early development. No error (E)( OC4-S5-24)C4. Of ancient origin (A), the game of checkers was played (B) in Egypt during the time (C) of the pharaohs and is mentioned (D) in the writings of Homer and Plato. No error (E) ( OC5-S6-28)E5. Jean Toomer was not only (A) the author of Cane, a novel whose publication has been viewed (B) as marking (C) the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance, but also a respected advisor among Quakers (D). No error (E) ( OC6-S5-18)E6. Because the garden was untended (A), the windows had no (B) shutters, and the lawn overrun (C) by weeds, people passing by (D) the old house assumed that it was unoccupied. No error (E)(06- 1-section 3-17)C7. Because the American Indian Rodeo includes games and exhibitions developed as early as (A) the seventeenth century, they predate (B) by (C) a few hundred years the form (D) of rodeo now seen on television. No error (E)(06-1-S3, 27)B8. Many jazz enthusiasts would have to admit (A) that their having (B) unjustly overlooked(C) the music of Bennie Nawahi, who popularized (D) the Hawaiian steel guitar sound in the early 1930’s. No error (E) (08-1-13)B9. In addition to (A) being (B) a talented pianist and composer, Bela Bartok was a respected (C) musicologist who wrote (D) several books on Hungarian, Slovakian, and Romanian folk music. No error (E) (OC -4 –S5 -15)。
SAT 语法讲义浙江大学外语学院孙静SAT 语法部分简介语法部分属于SAT reasoning test 中的写作(writing)板块,与essay writing 分值一起组成写作板块的总分。
SAT语法之所以被划分在Writing Skills当中,是因为它实际是考查考生对英语的标准书面语(Standard Written English)的掌握程度,并非琐碎复杂的语法知识,SAT语法规则有时和我们通常所学的语法书上的知识点有所出入,规则也不尽相同。
其考试题型和考试重点也与中国的语法题目大相径庭。
因此SAT的语法具有特殊性,它追求的是“好的语法”,是恰当的,最符合英语国家文化传统与语言习惯的用法。
SAT的语法规则,也就是像OG当中所阐述的那样,是一种“the rules of good written English”,具有准确,清晰,简洁的特点,杜绝口语化、模糊和冗余的表达。
表现在做题方面,不仅仅会考到你是否能判断这个句子正确与否,而且会考到这个句子是否有效和简洁。
这就大大提升了题目的难度。
比如说有些句子在TOEFL中是对的,但是在SAT语法里面就是错误的,因为它不够简洁有效。
整个语法部分包括三种题型:ISE(Identifying sentence errors,即挑错题)、IS(Improving sentences,即句子改进题)、IP(Improving paragraphs,即段落改进题),所有题目均为五选一。
SAT语法部分的49个选择题分布在两个section,其中ISE(句子挑错题)18 小题、IS(句子改进题)25 小题、IP(段落改进题)6 小题。
三种题型所考查的侧重点各不相同,从OG和真题上对各部分考试目的和内容的解析中可以得出这一点。
如在ISE的介绍中,对考生的要求是“The ability to recognize grammar and usage errors”,强调语法和固定用法的使用是否正确;而IS对考生的要求则变成了“the ability to recognize and write clear, effective and accurate sentences”,从语法知识转移到了清晰,准确,简洁的表达方式。
SAT 语法部分简介语法部分属于SAT reasoning test 中得写作(writing)板块,与essay writing 分值一起组成写作板块得总分。
SAT语法之所以被划分在Writing Skills当中,就是因为它实际就是考查考生对英语得标准书面语(Standard Written English)得掌握程度,并非琐碎复杂得语法知识,SAT语法规则有时与我们通常所学得语法书上得知识点有所出入,规则也不尽相同。
其考试题型与考试重点也与中国得语法题目大相径庭。
因此SAT得语法具有特殊性,它追求得就是“好得语法”,就是恰当得,最符合英语国家文化传统与语言习惯得用法。
SAT得语法规则,也就就是像OG当中所阐述得那样,就是一种“the rules of good written English”,具有准确,清晰,简洁得特点,杜绝口语化、模糊与冗余得表达。
表现在做题方面,不仅仅会考到您就是否能判断这个句子正确与否,而且会考到这个句子就是否有效与简洁。
这就大大提升了题目得难度。
比如说有些句子在TOEFL中就是对得,但就是在SAT语法里面就就是错误得,因为它不够简洁有效。
整个语法部分包括三种题型:ISE(Identifying sentence errors,即挑错题)、IS(Improving sentences,即句子改进题)、IP(Improving paragraphs,即段落改进题),所有题目均为五选一。
SAT语法部分得49个选择题分布在两个section,其中 ISE(句子挑错题)18 小题、IS(句子改进题)25 小题、IP(段落改进题)6 小题。
三种题型所考查得侧重点各不相同,从OG与真题上对各部分考试目得与内容得解析中可以得出这一点。
如在 ISE得介绍中,对考生得要求就是“The ability to recognize grammar and usage errors”,强调语法与固定用法得使用就是否正确;而IS对考生得要求则变成了“the ability to recognize and write clear, effective and accurate sentences”,从语法知识转移到了清晰,准确,简洁得表达方式。
24. The new bird sanctuary, consisting of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland, and is protected by the state. P676-2(A) sanctuary, consisting of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland, and is protected by thestate.(B) sanctuary is protected by the state, it consists of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland(C) sanctuary, consisting of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland, is protected by the state(D) sanctuary is protected by the state consisting of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland(E) sanctuary to consist of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland and to be protected by thestate25. During the 1980’s, the income gap between the richest and the poorest Americans widenedsignificantly, while continuing to expand in the 1990’s. P863-9(A) significantly, while continuing to expand(B) significantly, and it continued to expand(C) significantly with continuing expansion(D) significantly, it continued expanding(E) significantly, continuing expanding26. Civil rights leader and author W.E.B. Du Bois was interested in drama because he believed that if you represented historical events on stage it could have a greater, more lasting effect than any exhibit or lecture.P677-7(A) if you represented historical events on stage it(B) with the events of history represented on stage they(C) events which were represented historically on stage(D) by representing historical events on stage(E) representing historical events on stage27. During the 1980’s and early 1990’s, one reason highways in th e United States became safer than ever, the use of seat belts increased to about 67 percent nationwide. P677-5(A) ever, the use of seat belts increased to about 67 percent nationwide.(B) ever, nationwide, the use of seat belts increased to about 67 percent(C) ever, there was a nationwide increase in seat belt use to 67 percent(D) ever since they increased seat belt use to 67 percent nationwide(E) ever was that the use of seat belts nationwide increased to about 67 percent28. Pearl Buck, one of the most popular writers of her day, winning the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1983 for her novels about China. P738-3(A) day, winning the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938 for her novels about China.(B) day, winning the Nobel Prize in Literature, which she won in 1938 for her novels about China(C) day, and she won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938 for her novels about China(D) day, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938 for her novels about China(E) day, her novels about China bringing her the Nobel Prize in Literature in 193829. An article suggests that The Great Gatsby was not read during the 1930’s, the reason was that the novel described a lifestyle made extinct and frivolous by the current Great Depression.P739-12(A) 1930’s, the reason was that the novel described a lifestyle made extinct and frivolous(B) 1930’s, it is describing a lifes tyle that was made an extinct and frivolous one(C) 1930’s; describing a lifestyle made extinct and frivolous(D) 1930’s because the novel described a lifestyle made extinct and frivolous(E) 1930’s because its description had been of an extinct and frivol ous lifestyle, caused by30. C.G. Jung, a Swiss psychologist, whose renown as a pioneer in the field of psychoanalysis almost equals that of Sigmund Freud. P775-8(A) C.G. Jung, a Swiss psychologist, whose renown as a pioneer(B) C.G. Jung, who was a Swiss psychologist and whose renown as a pioneer(C) A Swiss with renown as a psychological pioneer, C.G. Jung(D) C.G. Jung was a Swiss psychologist whose renown as a pioneer(E) A Swiss, C.G. Jung who was a psychological pioneer and whose renown Awkward expression1. The depth of the Arctic Ocean are hard to study, mainly because the icy surface is being difficult to penetrate using current techniques. P407-2(A) to study, mainly because the icy surface is being(B) to study as a result of the icy surface, mainly, is(C) to study, mainly because the icy surface is(D) studying, mainly from the icy surface being(E) studying, mainly resulting from the icy surface being2. The newspaper business in the United States faces a challenge, being that it must reconcile thehigh-minded goal of informing readers with the commercial one of making money. P429-11(A) challenge, being that it must reconcile the high-minded goal of informing readers with thecommercial one of making money(B) challenge of it reconciling the high-minded goal of informing readers with the commercial oneof making money(C) challenge; as such it must reconcile the high-minded goal of informing readers with thecommercial one of making money(D) challenge because it must reconcile the high-minded goal of informing readers with thecommercial one of making money(E) challenge; since it has the high-minded goal of informing readers with the commercial one ofmaking money being reconciled3. All species of sea turtles are endangered because of overharvesting of adults, their eggs beingdisturbed and destruction of nesting habitats. P429-12(A) of adults, their eggs being disturbed and destruction of nesting habitats(B) of the adults being overharvested, their eggs disturbed, and destroying nesting habitats(C) the overharvesting of adults, disturbance of their eggs, and destruction of nesting habitats(D) the adult are overharvested, their eggs are disturbed, and their nesting habitats are destroyed(E) being overharvested as adults, their eggs being disturbed, and destruction of nesting habitats4. The poet Firdawsi composed the Iranian national epic Shah-nameh in 1010 with his purposebeing to recount the history of the Persian kings. P469-4(A) with his purpose being to recount(B) and his purpose was recounting(C) to recount(D) thus recounted(E) he recounted5. Bees must leave the safety of the hive to forage for food many times a day, they are riskingbeing eaten by any of a multitude of predators. P491-4(A) day, they are risking being eaten(B) day at the risk of being eaten(C) day risking them to be eaten(D) day; the risk is to be eaten(E) day; likewise, they risk being eaten6. Because many Szechuan recipes for one to cook without there having to be interruptions, it is agood idea to measure all ingredients in advance. P492-10(A) Because many Szechuan recipes for one to cook without there having to be interruptions(B) Because many Szechuan recipes require that one cook without interruption(C) Being that many Szechuan recipes require you to cook and not be interrupted(D) Many Szechuan recipes require that one cook without interruption and(E) When following many Szechuan recipes it is advisable for one to cook without interruptionsand therefore7. On October 13, 1955, at the Six Gallery in San Francisco, Allen Ginsberg read his poem Howl,being the inauguration of both a new style in poetry and the Beat movement.P492-12(A) Howl , being the inauguration of both(B) Howl, both inaugurated(C) Howl, it was the inauguration of both(D) Howl, whose inauguration of both(E) Howl, thus inaugurating both8. Because of repeatedly asking in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan, the employeescalled in sick as a protest against their employer’s stubbornness. P531-2(A) Because of repeatedly asking in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan,(B) After repeatedly asking in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan(C) They have repeatedly asked in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan, then(D) Repeatedly asking in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan, finally(E)While they repeatedly ask in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan9. Because insufficient funding causes the failure of many new businesses is the reason whyTamar and Robert waited to open their coffee shop until they had enough money. P554-10(A) Because insufficient funding causes the failure of many new businesses is the reason why(B) Because insufficient funding causes the failure of many new businesses(C) Insufficient funding causes the failure of many new businesses is the reason why(D) As a result of insufficient funding causing the failure of many new businesses(E) The fact of insufficient funding is causing many new businesses to fail is why10. In the novel, Jane Eyre must make many difficult choices, like when she forces herself to leavethe house of Mr. Rochester, the married man she loves. P555-13(A) like when she forces(B) and, as an example, when she forces(C) for example, by forcing(D) as exemplified by when she forces(E) including forcing11. Because Uranus is nearly three billion kilometer from the sun and is enveloped by a thickmethane cloud layer, this blocks almost all solar radiation. P615-9(A) layer, this blocks almost all solar radiation.(B) layer, this accounts for its receiving almost no solar radiation(C) layer is the reason why it receives almost no solar radiation(D) layer, almost no solar radiation reaches the planet(E) layer, it blocks almost all solar radiation from reaching the planet12. Naomi and Charles will represent Ammoton High in the debating contest, their work in thishaving been excellent this year. P657-6(A) contest, their work in this having been excellent this year.(B) contest; they have done excellent work this year in this(C) contest, for this year they have done excellent work in this(D) contest, for their work as public speakers has been excellent this year(E) contest; their work as public speakers having been excellent this year13. Being as she is gifted storyteller, Linda Goss is an expert at describing people and places.P657-8(A) Being as she is gifted storyteller(B) In being a gifted storyteller(C) A gifted storyteller(D) Although she is a gifted storyteller(E) Telling stories giftedly14. Until being widely hunted for its ivory and blubber in the eighteenth century, walruses wereplentiful in the waters of the northeastern United States. P677-10(A) Until being widely hunted for its(B) Before having been widely hunted for its(C) Up to them being widely hunted for their(D) Until they were widely hunted for their(E) Before they have been widely hunted for their15. The mountain’s summit having been reached, the weary climbers gazed down upon a scene of indescribable grandeur. P719-6(A) The mountain’s summit having been reached(B) The summit of the mountain being reached(C) At the mountain’s summit, when they reached it(D)When they reached the mountain’s summit(E)When having reached the mountain’s summit16. An expedition was sent in 1949 to check a Turkish villager’s reporting he had seen the remains of Noah’s ark on Mount Ararat. P739-9(A) a Turkish villager’s reporting(B) the report of a Turkish villager that(C) the reporting of a Turkish villager(D) that Turkish villager who reported(E) the Turkish villager report saying17. Friends of Dreiser reported that he was fired from his first job for the reason that his newsstories were sympathetic always for the poor.(A) for the reason that his news stories were sympathetic always for the poor.(B) since his news stories for the poor that were always sympathetic(C) because his sympathetic to the poor was always in his news stories(D) the fact being that his news stories were always sympathetic about the poor(E) because his news stories were always sympathetic to the poor18. The city of Houston, Texas, is about sixty miles inland, while being the third largestforeign-trade pot in the United States. P774-4(A) is about sixty miles inland, while being(B) although about sixty miles inland, is(C) being located about sixty miles inland makes it(D) which is about sixty miles inland, although it is(E) whose location is about sixty miles inland, makes it19. Great literature, such as the Greek tragedies or the novels of Jane Austen, endures by theirspeaking directly and freshly to each new generation of readers. P775-5(A) by their speaking directly and freshly(B) by its speaking direct and fresh(C) because it speaks directly and freshly(D) because of speaking direct and fresh(E) since they speak with directness and freshness20. The services of architect I.M. Pei are always very much in demand considering that hisbuildings combine both beauty and an affordable price. P775-6(A) considering that his buildings combine both beauty and an affordable price.(B) considering that his buildings combine both beauty and affordability(C) because his buildings combine beauty and affordability(D) because his buildings will combine not only beauty but also and affordable price(E) being that his buildings will combine both beauty and affordability21. The tragic story of Paolo and Francesca was the subject of a poem and a symphony, being popular throughout the nineteenth century. P775-7(A) The tragic story of Paolo and Francesca was the subject of a poem and a symphony, being popular throughout the nineteenth century.(B) The tragic story of Paolo and Francesca was popular throughout the nineteenth century,where it is being made the subject of a poem and a symphony(C) The tragic story of Paolo and Francesca was popular throughout the nineteenth century, when it was the subject of both a poem and a symphony. (D) Paolo and Francesca, whose tragic story was the subject of a popular poem and symphony throughout the nineteenth century(E) Being the subject of a poem and a symphony, the tragic story of Paolo and Francesca having been popular throughout the nineteenth century22. Although its being factual in content, the televised biography of Queen Elizabeth I did not seem credible. P801-2(A) Although its being factual in content,(B) Despite its factual content(C)Whereas it was factual in content(D) Its contents being factual(E) Even though factual contents were there23. The information age has ushered children into a global society, this situation causing educatorsto lament a lack of texts that explain the diversity of cultures. P801-4(A) this situation causing educators to lament(B) which is the cause of educator lamenting(C) which causing educator’s laments over(D) a situation causing educators to lament(E) and with it educator’s lament at24. Activist Mumeo Oku campaigned to improve the lot of women in Japan by exposing faultyhousehold products, she successfully demanded that these products be recalled. P837-4(A) exposing faulty household products, she successfully demanded that these products berecalled.(B) exposing faulty household products and successfully demanding their recall(C) her exposing faulty household products and successful demand of their recall(D) exposing faulty household products, although successfully demanding that these productsbe recalled(E) exposing faulty household products whose recall she was successfully in demanding..。
24. The new bird sanctuary, consisting of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland, and is protected by the state. P676-2(A) sanctuary, consisting of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland, and is protected by the state.(B) sanctuary is protected by the state, it consists of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland(C) sanctuary, consisting of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland, is protected by the state(D) sanctuary is protected by the state consisting of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland(E) sanctuary to consist of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland and to be protected by the state25. During the 1980’s, the income gap between the richest and the poorest Americans widened significantly, while continuing to expand in the 1990’s. P863-9(A) significantly, while continuing to expand(B) significantly, and it continued to expand(C) significantly with continuing expansion(D) significantly, it continued expanding(E) significantly, continuing expanding26. Civil rights leader and author W.E.B. Du Bois was interested in drama because he believed that if you represented historical events on stage it could have a greater, more lasting effect than any exhibit or lecture. P677-7(A) if you represented historical events on stage it(B) with the events of history represented on stage they(C) events which were represented historically on stage(D) by representing historical events on stage(E) representing historical events on stage27. During the 1980’s and early 1990’s, one reason highways in the United States became safer than ever, the use of seat belts increased to about 67 percent nationwide. P677-5(A) ever, the use of seat belts increased to about 67 percent nationwide.(B) ever, nationwide, the use of seat belts increased to about 67 percent(C) ever, there was a nationwide increase in seat belt use to 67 percent(D) ever since they increased seat belt use to 67 percent nationwide(E) ever was that the use of seat belts nationwide increased to about 67 percent28. Pearl Buck, one of the most popular writers of her day, winning the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1983 for her novels about China. P738-3(A) day, winning the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938 for her novels about China.(B) day, winning the Nobel Prize in Literature, which she won in 1938 for her novels about China(C) day, and she won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938 for her novels about China(D) day, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938 for her novels about China(E) day, her novels about China bringing her the Nobel Prize in Literature in 193829. An article suggests that The Great Gatsby was not read during the 1930’s, the reason was that the novel described a lifestyle made extinct and frivolous by the current Great Depression.P739-12(A) 1930’s, the reason was that the novel described a lifestyle made extinct and frivolous(B) 1930’s, it is describing a lifestyle that was made an extinct and frivolous one(C) 1930’s; describing a lifestyle made ext inct and frivolous(D) 1930’s because the novel described a lifestyle made extinct and frivolous(E) 1930’s because its description had been of an extinct and frivolous lifestyle, caused by30. C.G. Jung, a Swiss psychologist, whose renown as a pioneer in the field of psychoanalysis almost equals that of Sigmund Freud. P775-8(A) C.G. Jung, a Swiss psychologist, whose renown as a pioneer(B) C.G. Jung, who was a Swiss psychologist and whose renown as a pioneer(C) A Swiss with renown as a psychological pioneer, C.G. Jung(D) C.G. Jung was a Swiss psychologist whose renown as a pioneer(E) A Swiss, C.G. Jung who was a psychological pioneer and whose renown Awkward expression1. The depth of the Arctic Ocean are hard to study, mainly because the icy surface is being difficult to penetrate using current techniques. P407-2(A) to study, mainly because the icy surface is being(B) to study as a result of the icy surface, mainly, is(C) to study, mainly because the icy surface is(D) studying, mainly from the icy surface being(E) studying, mainly resulting from the icy surface being2. The newspaper business in the United States faces a challenge, being that it must reconcile the high-minded goal of informing readers with the commercial one of making money. P429-11 (A) challenge, being that it must reconcile the high-minded goal of informing readers with the commercial one of making money(B) challenge of it reconciling the high-minded goal of informing readers with the commercial one of making money(C) challenge; as such it must reconcile the high-minded goal of informing readers with the commercial one of making money(D) challenge because it must reconcile the high-minded goal of informing readers with the commercial one of making money(E) challenge; since it has the high-minded goal of informing readers with the commercial one of making money being reconciled3. All species of sea turtles are endangered because of overharvesting of adults, their eggs being disturbed and destruction of nesting habitats. P429-12(A) of adults, their eggs being disturbed and destruction of nesting habitats(B) of the adults being overharvested, their eggs disturbed, and destroying nesting habitats(C) the overharvesting of adults, disturbance of their eggs, and destruction of nesting habitats(D) the adult are overharvested, their eggs are disturbed, and their nesting habitats are destroyed(E) being overharvested as adults, their eggs being disturbed, and destruction of nesting habitats4. The poet Firdawsi composed the Iranian national epic Shah-nameh in 1010 with his purpose being to recount the history of the Persian kings. P469-4(A) with his purpose being to recount(B) and his purpose was recounting(C) to recount(D) thus recounted(E) he recounted5. Bees must leave the safety of the hive to forage for food many times a day, they are risking being eaten by any of a multitude of predators. P491-4(A) day, they are risking being eaten(B) day at the risk of being eaten(C) day risking them to be eaten(D) day; the risk is to be eaten(E) day; likewise, they risk being eaten6. Because many Szechuan recipes for one to cook without there having to be interruptions, it is a good idea to measure all ingredients in advance. P492-10(A) Because many Szechuan recipes for one to cook without there having to be interruptions(B) Because many Szechuan recipes require that one cook without interruption(C) Being that many Szechuan recipes require you to cook and not be interrupted(D) Many Szechuan recipes require that one cook without interruption and(E) When following many Szechuan recipes it is advisable for one to cook without interruptions and therefore7. On October 13, 1955, at the Six Gallery in San Francisco, Allen Ginsberg read his poem Howl, being the inauguration of both a new style in poetry and the Beat movement. P492-12(A) Howl , being the inauguration of both(B) Howl, both inaugurated(C) Howl, it was the inauguration of both(D) Howl, whose inauguration of both(E) Howl, thus inaugurating both8. Because of repeatedly asking in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan, the employees called in sick as a protest against their employer’s stubbornness. P531-2(A) Because of repeatedly asking in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan,(B) After repeatedly asking in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan(C) They have repeatedly asked in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan, then(D) Repeatedly asking in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan, finally(E)While they repeatedly ask in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan9. Because insufficient funding causes the failure of many new businesses is the reason why Tamar and Robert waited to open their coffee shop until they had enough money. P554-10(A) Because insufficient funding causes the failure of many new businesses is the reason why(B) Because insufficient funding causes the failure of many new businesses(C) Insufficient funding causes the failure of many new businesses is the reason why(D) As a result of insufficient funding causing the failure of many new businesses(E) The fact of insufficient funding is causing many new businesses to fail is why10. In the novel, Jane Eyre must make many difficult choices, like when she forces herself to leave the house of Mr. Rochester, the married man she loves. P555-13(A) like when she forces(B) and, as an example, when she forces(C) for example, by forcing(D) as exemplified by when she forces(E) including forcing11. Because Uranus is nearly three billion kilometer from the sun and is enveloped by a thick methane cloud layer, this blocks almost all solar radiation. P615-9(A) layer, this blocks almost all solar radiation.(B) layer, this accounts for its receiving almost no solar radiation(C) layer is the reason why it receives almost no solar radiation(D) layer, almost no solar radiation reaches the planet(E) layer, it blocks almost all solar radiation from reaching the planet12. Naomi and Charles will represent Ammoton High in the debating contest, their work in this having been excellent this year. P657-6(A) contest, their work in this having been excellent this year.(B) contest; they have done excellent work this year in this(C) contest, for this year they have done excellent work in this(D) contest, for their work as public speakers has been excellent this year(E) contest; their work as public speakers having been excellent this year13. Being as she is gifted storyteller, Linda Goss is an expert at describing people and places.P657-8(A) Being as she is gifted storyteller(B) In being a gifted storyteller(C) A gifted storyteller(D) Although she is a gifted storyteller(E) Telling stories giftedly14. Until being widely hunted for its ivory and blubber in the eighteenth century, walruses were plentiful in the waters of the northeastern United States. P677-10(A) Until being widely hunted for its(B) Before having been widely hunted for its(C) Up to them being widely hunted for their(D) Until they were widely hunted for their(E) Before they have been widely hunted for their15. The mountain’s summit having been reached, the weary climbers gazed down upon a scene of indescribable grandeur. P719-6(A) The mountain’s summit having been reached(B) The summit of the mountain being reached(C) At the mountain’s summit, when they reached it(D)When they reached the mountain’s summit(E)When having reached the mountain’s summit16. An expedition was sent in 1949 to check a Turkish villager’s reporting he had seen the remains of Noah’s ark on Mount Ararat. P739-9(A) a Turkish villager’s reporting(B) the report of a Turkish villager that(C) the reporting of a Turkish villager(D) that Turkish villager who reported(E) the Turkish villager report saying17. Friends of Dreiser reported that he was fired from his first job for the reason that his news stories were sympathetic always for the poor.(A) for the reason that his news stories were sympathetic always for the poor.(B) since his news stories for the poor that were always sympathetic(C) because his sympathetic to the poor was always in his news stories(D) the fact being that his news stories were always sympathetic about the poor(E) because his news stories were always sympathetic to the poor18. The city of Houston, Texas, is about sixty miles inland, while being the third largest foreign-trade pot in the United States. P774-4(A) is about sixty miles inland, while being(B) although about sixty miles inland, is(C) being located about sixty miles inland makes it(D) which is about sixty miles inland, although it is(E) whose location is about sixty miles inland, makes it19. Great literature, such as the Greek tragedies or the novels of Jane Austen, endures by their speaking directly and freshly to each new generation of readers. P775-5(A) by their speaking directly and freshly(B) by its speaking direct and fresh(C) because it speaks directly and freshly(D) because of speaking direct and fresh(E) since they speak with directness and freshness20. The services of architect I.M. Pei are always very much in demand considering that his buildings combine both beauty and an affordable price. P775-6(A) considering that his buildings combine both beauty and an affordable price.(B) considering that his buildings combine both beauty and affordability(C) because his buildings combine beauty and affordability(D) because his buildings will combine not only beauty but also and affordable price(E) being that his buildings will combine both beauty and affordability21. The tragic story of Paolo and Francesca was the subject of a poem and a symphony, being popular throughout the nineteenth century. P775-7(A) The tragic story of Paolo and Francesca was the subject of a poem and a symphony, being popular throughout the nineteenth century.(B) The tragic story of Paolo and Francesca was popular throughout the nineteenth century,where it is being made the subject of a poem and a symphony(C) The tragic story of Paolo and Francesca was popular throughout the nineteenth century, when it was the subject of both a poem and a symphony.(D) Paolo and Francesca, whose tragic story was the subject of a popular poem and symphony throughout the nineteenth century(E) Being the subject of a poem and a symphony, the tragic story of Paolo and Francesca having been popular throughout the nineteenth century22. Although its being factual in content, the televised biography of Queen ElizabethI did not seem credible. P801-2(A) Although its being factual in content,(B) Despite its factual content(C)Whereas it was factual in content(D) Its contents being factual(E) Even though factual contents were there23. The information age has ushered children into a global society, this situation causing educators to lament a lack of texts that explain the diversity of cultures. P801-4(A) this situation causing educators to lament(B) which is the cause of educator lamenting(C) which causing educator’s laments over(D) a situation causing educators to lament(E) and with it educator’s lament at24. Activist Mumeo Oku campaigned to improve the lot of women in Japan by exposing faulty household products, she successfully demanded that these products be recalled. P837-4(A) exposing faulty household products, she successfully demanded that these products be recalled.(B) exposing faulty household products and successfully demanding their recall(C) her exposing faulty household products and successful demand of their recall(D) exposing faulty household products, although successfully demanding that these productsbe recalled(E) exposing faulty household products whose recall she was successfully in demanding.。
SAT考试重点语法讲解SAT语法的考点很多,本文汇总聚集了几乎全部重点的SAT语法出题点和考点,知识点的列举很简洁,但是想要拿高分的话考生还须结合大量练习。
希望大家可以在做真题时自己结合考点,活学活用,在运用中发现自己的问题和弱项,集中突破。
一、平行结构SAT非常青睐平行结构,平行结构也是必考考点之一。
平行结构是指两个或以上句法或功能相似的句子成分,通过连词将他们完美的连接起来。
完美的平行结构要在词性上保持一致,也要在句式上保持一致。
例:Some parents believe that excessive television viewing not only by itself can waste their children’s time, but also that it lower their attention spans.这显然不是一个完美的平行结构not only but also 需要保持A与B的一致。
正确答案 believe not only that excessive television viewing wastes常见平行结构短语(保持词性和句式的一致):not only A but also BBoth A and BEither A or BNeither A nor BA rather than/instead of BFrom A to BPrefer A to B例:I learn a lot from this book, not that book.这个句子看似没有错误,但已经犯了SAT中平行原则的错,最好在that book 前加上from。
平行结构中and 是一个重要的“符号”。
平行句的前后一般都有and 连接起来。
例如看到了and doing,那么前面必定有个doing;看到and because 则前面比有一个because 从句。
二、代词指代作为一个SAT必考内容,无论在IS还是ISE中都频繁出现。
SAT语法:词素讲义所谓词素是指因为只有两个或三个字母,而构不成词根,但其组成的某些单词具有某些共同特征的单位。
1.ac 高,尖,尖酸,刻薄(自己联系一下这些义项是不是联系在一起的)(1)高:ace (A),acrobat(杂技演员),acme(2)酸:acid,acidulous,acrid,rancid(腐臭的,变酸的,变体)(3)尖刻:acrimonious,acerbity,exacerbate2.bl 风吹,水洗,火烧,其他(1)风吹:blast(狂风),bluster(狂风),blizzard(暴风雪),blowhard(自吹自擂)(2)水洗:bleach(漂白),blanch(漂白),bloat(膨胀)(3)火烧:blaze(火焰),blade(刀锋)(4)脸红:blush3.cal 石头,计算,坚忍(1)石头:calcify(石化),calcium(钙),callus(结老茧)(2)计算:calculate,calendar(日历),calculous(微积分)(3)坚忍:callous(无情的),calumny(诽谤),caluminiate(诽谤)4.cr 折crease折缝,crinkle 皱纹,crouch(蹲伏)卧虎藏龙(Crouching tiger,hidden Dragon)crevice 裂缝,crook使弯曲,crumple(弄皱)5.dr水滴drop(水滴),drizzle(小雨),drift(漂流),drench(湿透)6.fl 飞,软弱,放荡(1)飞:fly,flight,flaunt(炫耀),fleeting(飞逝的),flare(闪耀)flout(蔑视)(2)软弱:flabby(肌肉松软),flaccid(松软的)(3)放荡:flirty,flighty。
SAT语法序言SAT语法之所以被划分在Writing Skills当中,是因为它实际是考查考生对英语的标准书面语(即Standard Written English)的掌握程度,并非琐碎复杂的语法知识,SAT语法规则有时和我们通常所学的语法书上的知识点有所出入,规则也不尽相同。
其考试题型和考试重点也与中国的语法题目大相径庭。
因此SAT的语法具有特殊性,它追求的是“好的语法”,是恰当的,最符合英语国家文化传统与语言习惯的用法。
SAT的语法规则,也就是像OG当中所阐述的那样,是一种“the rules of good written English”,具有准确,清晰,简洁的特点,杜绝口语化、模糊和冗余的表达。
表现在做题方面,不仅仅会考到你是否能判断这个句子正确与否,而且会考到这个句子是否有效和简洁。
这就大大提升了题目的难度。
对于广大中国考生来说,SAT语法部分的难度主要在于:一、题型新颖。
以上三种题型很难在国内外其他考试中找到对应。
而参加SAT考试的绝大部分大陆考生都是高中学生,平时根本没有接触过类似题型。
另外,中国学生易受固定思维影响,比如在做挑错题时,许多人把题干读了一遍又一遍,硬要在本来没有错误的句子中挑出错误,殊不知在真题中E选项(即NoError选项)的比例占到了大约17%(约等于六分之一)。
二、时间紧迫。
以上三种题型共49道小题,在真题中占到两个Section(不包括加试Section),其中一个Section25分钟35题,另一个Section10分钟14题。
对于绝大多数中国学生来说,语法部分的时间是非常紧迫的,尤其是25分钟的 Section,很多人做不完题目。
如果连题目都做不完,那么语法部分要答对44题以上、写作部分总分突破700分基本无望。
但是,诸位考生也不要因此而灰心丧气。
首先,SAT语法部分的难度较之阅读部分还是小了许多。
其次,通过对真题的深入研究,我们不难发现,语法部分考题的规律性极强、核心考点重复率高、正确率受到考生词汇量影响不大,而且涉及的语法知识比中国高考所涉及的语法知识浅显。
SAT语法强化讲义宏观原则1. After having read numerous diet books, Charles decided that the simplest plan would be the best: eat fewer calories andA B Cexercise more. No errorD E2. Not having traveled abroad before, John was both apprehensive and excited about his upcoming trip to the GalapagoA B C DIsland. No errorE3. The woman whom the board picked to design the new building is a renowned architect and has received many awards.A B C DNo errorE4. After the somber butler strode to the door and aske d, “Who is it ? ” the mysterious vagrant replied, “It is me.” No errorA B C D E主谓一致(倒装)5. There is many benefits to biking; it is both a rigorous form of extensive and an environmentally sustainable, consciousA B C Dmode of transportation. No errorE6. Despite the decline in media attention, there still are, above the western Pacific Ocean, a growing ozone hole. No errorA B C D E7. Often citied by the media is the right to freedom of speech and the claim that the public wants to know what celebrities doA B Cin their off-time. No errorD E8. Deleted from the play during the editing process was a scene which the author felt could offend many people and aA B Cpotentially controversial reference to the recent civil strife in his history. No errorD E主谓一致(A prep B)9. Some words in the English language has several meanings which are unrelated except through their origins: testudinate, forA Bexample, can mean either curved and vault-shaped, or extremely slow moving, since the word derives from the Latin wordC Dfor turtle. No errorE10. The field of consumer electronics have never been fixed: DVD replaces VHS tapes today, just as CDs replaced cassetteA B Ctapes in the past. No errorD E11. Either of the two plans are acceptable as both will work equally well. No errorA B C D E12. The book Living with Flowers have fabulous picture of how to decorate one’s home with flowers as well as examples ofA B Chow flowers, and nurturing them, can con tribute to one’s well being and serenity. No errorD E13. The existence of consistent rules are important if a teacher wants to run a classroom efficiently. No errorA B C D E14. When evaluating the impact of a painting, one of the most intriguing aspects are how the viewer perceives it: can the viewerA B Cbe induced to consider a perspective distinct her own? No errorD E15. By order of the Board of Education, the wearing of tank tops by students in all the city schoolsA B Chave been completely banned. No errorD E16. Some scholars argue that Shakespeare’s collection of sonnets were actually written for his patron. No errorA B C D E17. There is so much contradictory evidence that the police are reviewing all of the alibis, verifying that each of the suspectsA Bhave a reliable witness or credible story to account for his whereabouts on the night of the crime. No errorC D E18. Neither of the players on the course today have any hope of reaching the final round. No errorA B C D E19. When he confronted the teacher, as he did after almost every year, the student was adamant that neither the question nor theA B Canswers was fair. No errorD E20. Neither the rebel group nor the government are poised to strike a decisive blow in the civil war which has been ranging forA B C Dover a year. No errorE主谓一致(陷阱题)21. Many singers in fields such as rhythm and blues, soul, and even rock who achieves success actually began their careers byA Bsinging in a church choir, developing their voices and vocal techniques on some of the world’s most beloved music.C DNo errorE22. The success of the women’s rights movement can, ironically, be measured by the steady rise in the number of women whoA Bsuffers from historically male diseases, such as heart attacks and strokes. No errorC D E23. “Somebody have done s omebody wrong somehow” has to be one of the most insightful and universal lyrics ever written;A B Cthe popularity of this country song lends credence to that conclusions. No errorD E24. Politicians habitually promise to implement many profound changes if they are elected; unfortunately – or fortunately,A Bdepending on one’s perspective – only some of these promises is ever actually kept. No errorC D E25. Dentists agree that brushing your teeth three times a day promote good dental health and a more attractive smile. No errorA B C D E26. If the chef at the restaurant we visit most frequently overcook my fat her’s burger one more time, my father will speak to theA B C Dmanager. No errorE27. The ease and speed with which a computer connected to the Internet can transmit a lengthy document is so muchA B C Dconvenient than a fax machine. No errorE28. Scientists exploring Australia’s Great Barrier Reef has discovered a type of coral with the same characteristics as humanA Bbone; its qualities render it ideal for hip replacements and other orthopedic endeavors. No errorC D E29. John Wayne, long considered a hero by his fans from across the country, were very patriotic. No errorA B C D E30. The frog, as a species, are among the best harbingers of environmental pollution, as it is extremely sensitive to changeA B Cin both water and soil. No errorD E31. Rosie the Riveter, who was characterized in the World War II posters as an attractive, dark-haired, muscular woman andAclearly different from the beautiful blonds languishing by the home fires, are finding new popularity with today’s women’sB C Dadvocates. No errorE32. Legal cases today cover increasingly sophisticated technological and medical issues, while the number of parties, especiallyA B Cin class action suits, are ballooning. No errorD E33. The continual improvements in athletic training methods has made performances that would have been consideredA B Cimpossible a generation ago everyday occurrences. No errorD E34. The news that no weapons of mass destruction have been found are fueling the opposition to the war and eroding theA B Cpresident’s credibility. No errorD E35. Dieting and exercise is not the answer to all weight problems, but they should do the trick for most waistlines. No errorA B C D E动词(平行对称)36. Despite having had no formal training, Jackie was nonetheless able to master the piano by listening to recordings, readingA B Cinstructional books, and she practiced on her own. No errorD E37. Two current television trends, the home improvement show that craze and the “hot rod” automobile fad, seem to show aA dissatisfaction with our domestic spaces and indicating a desire for something riskier and more exciting. No errorB C D E38. In the author’s latest novel, the hero traveled to Montana where she finds a mysteriously deserted house and, throughA Ba series of misunderstandings, becomes embroiled in an international smuggling ring. No errorC D E39. After Wayne Gretzky began playing hockey, he stayed focused on the sport and holds 61 records when he retired. No errorA B C D E40. By 2076, the United States will have been a nation for three years, while, by the same year, China has been a nationA B Cfor almost four thousand years. No errorD E41. The goals of the scientists, whose training had afforded them extensive experience with cutting-edge methodologies, wereA Bto change the genetic components of the virus and setting up a new set of criteria for analyzing the results. No errorC D E42. Recently completed, the new maglev train links Shanghai to the Pudong Airport and eliminating a major source ofA B Ccongestion between the two destinations. No errorD E43. The little girl was not only content to allow her mother to do all the dishes, but also believes that her mother actuallyA B Cenjoyed doing housework. No errorD E44. Upon his return, Bob noticed that the milk had spoiled and had went bad while he was away. No errorA B C D E45. At first, Funny Cide, a horse co-owned by three racing amateurs, was thought to have a chance at the Triple Crown, but aA Bwet, sloppy track at Belmont made a difficult third race and thus ends his chances. No errorC D E46. Students in the literature course will explore ways in which medieval authors represented themes of their time, andA Bwill be reading Augustine’s Confessions, Boccaccio’s Decameron, and Heloise and Abelard’s Letters. No errorC D E47. Several fundamental principles lay behind the development of the Constitution: first, the idea that citizens have unassailableA Brights, second, citizens having the right to disagree with the government. No errorC D E48. Revered as one of the world’s most versatile geniuses, Leonardo da V inci excelled in every endeavor he attempted andA Bserving as a prototype for the Renaissance man. No errorC D E49. When Ms. Ruiz arrived at the holiday sale, she realized that she had left her wallet at home and must go back to get it.A B C DNo errorE50. My art history professors prefer Michelangelo’s paint ing to viewing his sculpture, although Michelangelo himself was moreA B Cproud of the latter. No errorD E动词的时态51. Before handing in her assignment, Michelle checked all her sources twice: her greater fear being receiving any grade lowerA B C Da B. No errorE52. Returning to school in September, Linnea told us in minute detail how she had rode her bike from our town in coastal NewA B CJersey to Eugene, Oregon, entirely on her own. No errorD E53. During the presidential campaign of 1917, the women’s part y, which was steadily gaining acceptance, accused PresidentAWilson of hypocrisy; he had entered the war in Europe to help guarantee democratic principles overseas, yet he was votingB C Dagainst suffrage for women. No errorE54. Jason’s older sister, known for her diligence, smugly reminded him that if he would have planned ahead instead ofA Bprocrastinating, he would not have had to write his entire research paper in one weekend. No errorC D E55. Many biographers had stated that Samuel Langhorne Clemens changed his name to Mark twain to echo the riverboatA B Ccaptain’s call ascertaining the safe navigation depth of the Mississippi river. No errorD E56.Superbowl commercials perfectly target their demographics because the advertisers regularly spent exorbitant amounts ofA B Ctime and money designing the ads. No errorD E57.Upon reviewing a map of his property, John realized that he could not build the barn where he had intended becauseA Bit belonged to a neighboring farmer. No errorC D E58.Celestial navigation, the ancient practice of using heavenly bodies to guide a ship’s course, has becoming a dying art sinceA B Cthe advent of modern global positioning system. No errorD E59. Only infrequently did James laugh at the jokes that the comedian has been telling; James simply did not find the comedian’sA Bpunch line, none of which seemed original or very funny. No errorC D E60.Ever since the promotion of our new manager last year, John is the hardest-working employee of this small andA B Chighly industrious company. No errorD E61. The press aggressively interrogated the Senator when he claimed to support the new proposition because his voting recordA B Cindicated that he has always opposed the intended legislation. No errorD E62.Since the early 1970’s, the number of people claiming to have seen the movie grew from just under one hundred to wellA B C Dover thirty million. No errorE63. Once the angry bull was subdued by the end rodeo’ clowns, it will be rounded up and led from the ring. No errorA B C D E64. During the excavation of Pompeii, many people worried that artifacts are being destroyed by careless techniques,A Bbut the dig continued in spite of their concerns. No errorC D E65. Only after he had wrote the note did Jason begin to feel remorse. No errorA B C D E66. The police officer was unable to have elicited information from the witness regarding the fire, no matter how hard he tried.A B C DNo errorE67. The Shakespearean drama opens with a moral dilemma – how to choose between individual freedom and social needs –Athen introduced the possibility that one does not always have the power to choose one’s own fate. No errorB C D E68. Although I should not admit this, at work I lay down when I am tired. No errorA B C D E69. Effectively overturning the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Dred Scott decision of 1857 ruled that blacksA Bwhether free or enslaved, were not citizens under the Constitution, and therefore are unable to vote. No errorC D E70. In trying to capture the essence of a portrait, the artist frequently keeps his models late, insisting that they completed the jobA B Cin order to be paid. No errorD E71. Although Kris played the piano until he was fourteen, it took only minutes of listening to Carlos Santana to realize that heA B Cwanted to switch instruments; he plays the guitar ever since. No errorD E72. If Sue had begun practicing sooner, she would see a big difference in her performance. No errorA B C D E73. When Edith Wharton, acclaimed author of The House of Mirth and Ethan Frome, decided to take a break from writing afterA Bcompleting her eighth novel, she left her home in New Y ork and is vacationing in the south of France. No errorC D E74. After the theatre critic gave the experimental play an unjustifiably harsh review, he has been fired from the newspaper forA B Cfailing to keep an open mind. No errorD E75. Critics of the recording industry argue that consumers would not download music illegally if record stores would chargeA B Cless for compact discs. No errorD E76. Science magazine recently published a report by geologists which provides evidence for what they believe is a majorA B C Dmeteor impact some 380 million years ago. No errorE77. By the time the space shuttle Atlas 5 lifts off, NASA had fixed the communications tower which would allow themA B Cto communicate with the astronauts. No errorD E78. Only if enough viewers would object to what may call “the vast wasteland of television” would the quality of programmingA B Cbecome acceptable. No errorD E79. She dried the dishes when, all of a sudden, the phone rang; startled, she dropped a plate to the floor, whereupon it shattered.A B C DNo errorE80. If you plan to participate in a marathon, you need to realize that many athletes, even those in top physical condition, find itA Bdifficult to finish such a long race; by the end of marathon you will run twenty-miles. No errorC D E81. I apologized for scaring my siblings after they had been seeing me wrangling snakes without my wearing any gloves.A B C DNo errorE82. The vegetarian movement in this country, which has shown increasing growth over the last thirty years, was begun at a farmA B Cin Wheaton, V ermont, in the late 1800’s. No errorD E主谓一致86. Two of Charles Dickens’ most famous characters, Oliver Twist and David Copperfield, were an orphan who fell upon hardA B Cluck as children, but found happiness later in life. No errorD E87. Although they have radically different career plans, Luna and Gabriel both hope to be a Michigan State graduate one day.A B C DNo errorE88. The twins want to be a member of the team, but the captain had already made her selections. No errorA B C D E89. The viewers will have the opportunity to make their preference clear, as the station plans to conduct an extensive voterA B C Dsurvey. No errorE90. Regional delicacies are often subjects of interest and controversy: while tourists and new residents to an area may consumeAthe foods for which a city or state is known, their opinion on such items may anger loyalists native to the region in question.B C DNo errorE91. During the early and mid-1990’s, university communitie s such as Athens, Georgia and Austin, Texas, rose to fame,Aor at least rose to fame within the nation’s college radio audience, because of their thriving independent music scene.B C DNo errorE92. Although researchers have created machines that seem to think for themselves, none of the researchers has proven theA B Coriginality of their ideas. No errorD E93. The agenda for next Monday’s community council meeting features several contentious issues: therefore, the councilA Bexpects to see an unusual number of community members, all there to ensure that his or her voice will be heard regardingC Dthe issues at hand. No errorE94. As soon as play practice ended, the students left the building, hurried through the cold night air toward their cars, unlockedA doors, started their engine, and turned up their heaters. No errorB C D E95. The clever grandmother, concerned because her grandsons seems to resent their new baby sitter, elected not to take a sternA approach but rather to win their heart by saying how much their sitter would adore them. No errorB C D E比较结构103. Michael, who is versed in many types of music, prefers the music of Bach to Mozart. No errorA B C D E104. Not everyone would agree that Lawrence Oliver’s performan ce in Henry V was superior to Kenneth Branagh. No errorA B C D E 105. The sculptor Rodin often departed from traditional styles in his creations; unlike other sculptors, his creationsA Bmade obvious the materials from which they were built. No errorC D E106. Historian liken the reign of Russian’s Tsar Ivan the Terrible, a contemporary of England’s Queen Elizabeth I who isAfamous for his brutal repression, to Joseph Stalin. No errorB C D E107. Quite different from the Y ellowstone River, the canyons of the Colorado River are famous for their soaring, majestic wallsA B C Dof burnt, red rock. No errorE108. We now know that Archimedes, one of the foremost mathematicians of ancient Greece, devised a method for computing Avolumes that was very similar to Newton, who developed calculus. No errorB C D E109. The writings of Edward Abbey, especially Desert Solitaire, which recounts a season that Abbey spent mostly alone in theA Bdeserts of Southern Utah, echo the same tradition of rugged individualism as did Henry David Thoreau. No errorC D E110. While the style of the clay figurines produced by the pre-Columbian Jalisco culture is less sophisticatedAthan the Colima culture, Jalisco pieces are nonetheless highly prized by collectors. No errorB C D E111. Just as the work of John Steinbeck described ordinary people whose lives were uprooted by circumstances beyond theirA B Ccontrol, so too did Mikhail Sholokhov describe the disrupted lives of several ordinary Don Cossacks. No errorD E112. The programs comprising President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society were like President Franklin Roosevelt’s New DealA B Cin that both extended the scope of government social programs. No errorD E113. Navajo pottery, which consists of many types of functional vessels and is regarded as a highly developed art form, is moreA B Cbrightly colored than other tribes. No errorD E形容词的比较级和最高级118. The pitch of the note that a stringed instrument makes depends on the length, weight, and tension of the string: highestA B Cnotes are produced by shorter, lighter, or tighter strings. No errorD E119. Of all the jingoists in the country, that politician, known for fanatical patriotism, appears to be the more dangerous.A B C DNo errorE120. Salma and Raiza may be identical twins, but Salma is the more athletic and Raiza the mostA B C Dstudious. No errorE121. Cellular phones are one of the less technologies that became more popular in Europe than in America when firstA B C Dintroduced. No errorE122. Of the two players, George was the least nervous about competing in public, for he had played in many tournaments in theA B C Dpast. No errorE123. Complete exhausted from a hard day at work, Evelyn fell asleep on the bus and, when she finally awoke, found thatA B Cshe had missed her stop. No errorD E124. The artist’s repeated use of pale color and amorphous forms, intended to imbue his paintings with a sense of ambiguity,A B Conly makes the paintings look weakly. No errorD E介词的搭配125. Although she found it quite different than the book, Mary thoroughly enjoyed the movie and looked forward to the sequel.A B C DNo errorE126. When learning how to paint, one should comply to the tea cher’s instruction: with more experience, the burgeoning painterA B Ccan experiment with technique. No errorD E127. Cooperation between the five largest companies is vital if we are serious about decreasing unemployment rates. No errorA B C D E 128. On a chilly December evening, a lonely transient asked a homeless man to partake from a meal with him; the two elicitedA B C Dwhispers as they dined and cha tted in the small town’s only restaurant. No errorE129. Wanda implored Marco not to be jealous over her work; she explained that because she liked both Marco and her job, heA B Cwould have to share. No errorD E130. An amazing designer, Coco Chanel blended the extremely different styles of traditional and modern couture more easily asA B Cany contemporary designer ever has. No errorD E131. Joy Renee analyzed her outlook of life: rather than viewing her glass as either half full or half empty, she chose to see it asA B Coverflowing with possibilities. No errorD E132. The jury had to decide between impeaching the mayor, whose record up to the point of the alleged crimeA B Chad been flawless, or to declare a mistrial. No errorD E133. Afflicted from tuberculosis, the English poet John Keats did not have long to live, so his doctors recommended that heA Bspend his last days in the more comfortable climate of Rome. No errorC D E134. No matter how many times Julie hears her favorite song, whenever it is played on the radio, she will dance around theA B Croom as if she has never heard the song before. No errorD E135. After hiking three miles of the Appalachian trail, we discovered that we had neglected to pack enough food, and weA B Cdebated for returning home. No errorD E136. Although I can certainly consume a large amount for someone my size, that pizza is more then I can eat. No errorA B C D E137. Desirous for food, the glowworms in Te Anau’s darkest cave s use bioluminescence to lure unsuspecting insectsA B Cinto sticky traps. No errorD E138. After receiving fourteen citations from the Health Department, the butcher finally agreed to wear gloves, to sanitize hisappliances regularly, and to comply about the health laws in general. No error139. Ironically, the eighteenth constitutional amendment prohibiting the sale of alcohol may have been responsible to the rise ofA B Corganized crime in the 1920’s. No errorD E140. Elevator passengers are often oblivious over the intricate culture etiquette dictating where they stand, where they look, andA B Cin which direction they face. No errorD E141. Traditional Japanese culture encourages its people to conform with social norms; a popular proverb states, “The nail thatA B C Dsticks out gets pounded down. ” No errorE142. After happily winning the department store’s $10,000 shop ping spree, Dale was saddened quickly when he learned that heA Bdid not qualify to the prize because his brother worked for the store as a stock clerk. No errorC D E143. When Hannah discovered that they had voted for different parties, she argued at her father for hours in an attempt toA B Cconvince him of his mistake. No errorD E144. The zoologist worried over the sick elephant: if the elephant did not survive, her young calf could perish from starvation orA B C Ddepression. No errorE145. The controversial magazines have been criticized for being partial, in every article, of the most conservative causes.A B C DNo errorE146. Psychologists have long debated the connection between violence on television plus actual crime. No errorA B C D E147. Unless scientists discover new ways to increase food production, the Earth will not be able to satisfy the food needs for allA B Cits inhabitants. No errorD E148. In a beginning ballet class, a dancer learns the five positions, ab out ballet’s history, and arm exercises. No errorA B C D E代词的格149. When you and me visited the eulogized city of Troy, we noticed it was much smaller than the epic tales had suggested.A B C DNo errorE150. It is difficult for my friends and I even to contemplate playing chess against someone accused of cheating. No errorA B C D E151. Upon winning the volleyball championship, Charity leaped into the air, as if she were spiking the ball, while the crowdA B Ccheered uproariously for she and the team. No errorC D152. My mother was angry because, though she told Jenny and I to go to the store, we actually went to the movies. No errorA B C D E 153. Equestrian Farm was a refuge for abused and unwanted horses: with quiet words and touches, the other riders and meA Bslowly taught the horses how to trust humans again. No errorC D E154. Inquiring about Pat’s wee kend plans, Mr. Fi nley asked, “Are you and him attending the jazz festival this weekend?”A B C DNo errorE155. Him and her ran hurriedly to catch the ferry because the boat was the last one until tomorrow. No errorA B C D E代词在比较级156. Saif knew that the other applicants weren’t as good as him, so he wasn’t surprised when the company offered him theA B C Dlucrative position. No errorE157. Both John and I had been eagerly anticipating the arrival of the latest model, but after trying it, we decided that John likedA B Cit more than me. No errorD E158. Although Maria has a better voice than him, Larry insists on leading the class during the national anthem. No errorA B C D E代词的指代不清159. Noelle and Natalie argued at great length about the authenticity of the painting; finally Noelle decided that she was right.A B C DNo errorE160. Before Homecoming Weekend, Lucia and Kiki took time to study for the upcoming finals, but as a result of the game andA Bmany parties, she needed to study again. No errorC D E161. Delighted by her performance at the recital, Suzanne’s mother decided to reward her with a trip to her favorite spa.A B C DNo errorE162. After the dispute over the unsuccessful play, the coach and the team captain agreed not to talk until he was able to do soA B C Dcalmly. No errorE163. When I boarded the jet, I saw a passenger standing nearing the first-class seats complaining to a flight attendant, and heA B Cdid not seem to be enjoying the situation at all. No errorD E164. After much discussion, Juan and Pete agreed to spend the weekend in the mountains, but when the days came heA B Cbacked out of the agreement. No errorD E165. While politicians across the country wait anxiously for voters to decide who will remain inA Boffice next years, journalists are trying in vain to figure out what they are thinking. No errorC D E166. Some critics of Romantic writers, quoting works out of context, feel that they inspired the totalitarian regimens of theA B C Dtwentieth century. No errorE167. Unless they begin to accept the current political situation without responding violently, many guerrillas will continue to beA B Cimprisoned by military leaders. No errorD E168. One should use parchment paper while baking cookies because the cookies won’t be stick to this lining and you won’tA B C Dhave to scrub them. No errorE169. If one does not enjoy fearless pigeons landing on you for food, one should avoid St. Mark’s Square in V enice. No errorA B C D E 170. When one is sitting in a crowded theatre, surrounded by an audience that has paid good money to see a play of suchA Bhistorical significance, the least you can do is refrain from unnecessary conversation. No errorC D E171. One does not have to be a master to play the piano, but studying with a master can certainly help you playA B Cwith greater accuracy and understanding. No errorD E172. One should try to avoid breaking rules, not only because doing so is wrong, but also because you do not know whether youA B C Dwill be caught. No errorE173. When one is engaged in a heated debate with one’s spouse, you do yourself no favors by laughing at the other person’sA B C Darguments. No errorE174. The place where most architects learn their profession is the drafting table; only after years of sketching is one well。
SAT随堂讲义一“六见”1 见到代词找指代指代通常有问题2 见到动词找主语主谓一致看状语3 见到非谓找逻主搭配通常不合理4 见到平行找结构形式功能要对称5 见到比较找对象对象通常不可比6 见到连词找混连混连无误找逻辑二“八点”(一)代词:见到代词找指代指代通常有1单复数2主格宾格3反身代词不可做主语4 泛指5特指6 which7 跨段不可指代(二)主谓一致动词:见到动词找主语主谓一致看状语五点原则:1语法一致2意义一致3就近原则4就远原则5固定搭配两点特殊注意A 倒装句:B 插入语(三)动词时态:动词:见到动词找主语主谓一致看状语1 客观性:客观事实真理名人名言谚语回忆录自传文学评论2 一致性:上下文和时间状语3隐含性::first/early/originated/previous/ Former(四)非谓语:见到非谓找逻主搭配通常不合理To doDoingDoneHaving done to doAfter /since/before doing SVO,doing同位语doneAdj(五)平行:见到平行找结构形式功能要对称平行标志:Or/ either ..or…/ neither..nor/ Both..andNot only ….but also…./ not ..but…../Rather than / instead of From …to…..(时间地点等都可以)/ from…until (仅仅指时间) (六)比较:见到比较找对象对象通常不可比比较标志/标准/对象比较标志:1 as…..as…. not as…as not so…as2 than more than less than3 compare..with…. / compare…to…./ contrast..with4 differ from…../ different from5 the same …as…/ be equal to / be equivalent to/ equal6 outnumber/ outweigh(七)连词:见到连词找混连混连无误找逻辑Run-onFragment(八)As 的用法状语从句定语从句介词副词。
SAT语法1 SAT语法讲义
Identifying Sentence Errors 一、主谓一致1. 就前原则(1) N1 of N2 verb(SAT考试中动词的单复数与N1有关,与N2无关)如:a group of students are the details of the problems are 例:The bright (A) fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received (B) critical acclaim not only (C) in his home state, New Mexico, but also in (D) New York. No error (E). (P161.1) (2) 名词1+介词+名词2 如:students in the classroom 名词,插入语,verb 名词+doing/done 如:students studying hard 例:Flints found in (A) the region extending from the Nile Valley to (B) the highlands of eastern Iraq attests to (C) the presence of people there as long ago as (D) one hundred thousand years. No error (E). (P166.3) 2.“欲擒故纵”法动词单复数做题基本原则是就前原则,如果句子太长、太难、太复杂时,用“欲擒故纵”法。3.动词单复数的特殊固定用法(1) a number of 一些;一般情况下其后动词用复数,(不受任何规律限制);the number of ,的数量;其后的动词在任何情况下都用单数。量词考点:a group/list/line of 使用“就前原则”(2) 倒装结构:就后原则。如:here comes the bus a. 地点状语+动词+主语b. Only置于句首的倒装SAT语法2 例:In the foothills of that large mountain range is (A) the sources of a river whose course (B) was not fully mapped (C)until (D) this century. No error (E). (P 776.19) 例:Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B) only recently has (C) the harmful effects of noise pollution become (D) known. No error (E). (P167.6) 4.名词集合名词:family, group, stuff, team, community,只要这些词以单数结尾,后面的谓语动词都用单数。people, cattle, police :其后的谓语动词用复数以s结尾的词:means, species, news 以cs结尾的词:physics, mathematics,不表示复数,是单数。以us结尾的词:octopus(章鱼), platypus(鸭嘴兽), -saurus(恐龙)考点:名词的单复数作业:P410.23、24,P472.22,P602.27,P721.24、26、29,P839.20、27,P894.16,P956.12,P776.12,P839.25,P957.19、28,P471.17,P534.18。二、平行结构(1)名词,名词,and 名词例:Each time Caroline turns on her computer , she has (A) to enter a company code, then her initials, and then enters a password (B)before (C) she can begin working (D). No error (E). (P166.2) 例:Of the hundreds of warm-water coral species, only a few (A)are highly prized (B) for use in jewelry because of their (C) beauty, luster, and they are hard (D). No error (E). (P533.12) (2)两者之间的平行如:not only…,but also…neither…,nor…either…,or……and/but…. SAT语法3 例:The labor union is negotiating (A) a contract with the hospital that (B)will satisfy (C) the demands of the workers and be acceptable to (D) all levels of management. No error (E). (P601.13) (3)句子的平行考点:同类比较特点:-er, more, than, as, like, unlike, compare to/with. 如:The population of China is larger than that of America. 所有格和所有格之间比较时,第二个所有格是不能省略的,需要补充that of/those of/’s。作业:P601.13,P777.28,P599.3,P410.21、29,P602.20、22,P659.25,P660.27,P720.14、18。三、形容词和副词adj. + n. / pron. adv. + v. / adj. / adv. 如:I find the book easy. I find the book easily. 例:Although canoeing through (A) the rapids was exciting, it was (B) also exhausting, and we were happy for a time to have the canoe float serene (C)down (D) a smooth stretch of the river. No error (E). (P838.12) 笔记:serene 平静的;serenely 平静地如:快速的发展中的国家rapidly developing country 例:The research study reveals (A) startling proof of a constant (B) changing seafloor that comprises (C) the major part of (D) the underwater landscape. No error (E). (P602.29) 例:Just how (A) critical an improved balance of trade is to (B) a healthy economy has never been (C)more clearer (D) than it is now. No error (E).(P659.18)作业:P167.7,P192.14,P409.17,P660.29,P721.22,P894.13,P896.27,P957.23。四、逻辑主语(1)Doing/done ,, SVO. SAT语法4 如:Beaten black and blue, Kitty is crying. Beating black and blue, Kitty is crying. 例:Contrasting with (A)most other (B) fifteenth- century rulers, Portuguese Kings could count on (C) the support of the aristocracy in any (D) overseas ventures. No error (E) 例:Raised in a large and noisy city, it was only when I went away to college that I realized how delightful life in a small town could be.(P955.11)(A) it was only when I went away to college that I realized how delightful life in a small town could be (B) when I went away to college I then realized how delightful life in a small town could be (C) going away to college made me realize how delightful life in a small town could be (D) I did not realize how delightful life in a small town could be until I went away to college (E) delightful life in a small town was unrealized by me until I went away to college 例:While working as a nurse in the streets of Calcutta, that was when Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor.(P892.1)(A) that was when Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor (B) Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor (C) then the development of Mother Teresa’s profound love for the poor took place (D) Mother Teresa’s profound love for the poor developed (E) a profound love for the poor developed in Mother Teresa 例:Having thought the problem through with some care, that the committee did not understand her solution frustrated the chairperson extremely.(P599.5)(A) that the committee did not understand her solution frustrated the chairperson extremely