无菌空气的制备
- 格式:pptx
- 大小:5.00 MB
- 文档页数:35
无菌空气制备工艺流程介绍下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成,希望大家下载以后,能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改,请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料,如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等,如想了解不同资料格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copy excerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!无菌空气制备工艺流程是在实验室、制药、食品加工等行业中保证产品质量和安全的重要环节。
发酵无菌空气过滤机理摘要:无菌空气除菌的方法及机理。
关键词:无菌空气过滤机理过滤设备一、空气除菌的方法1. 加热灭菌法加热灭菌是有效、可靠的一种灭菌方法,虽然细菌芽孢有耐热性,但在高温时218°C时24秒内可被破坏、被杀死。
但采用蒸汽或用电来加热大量的空气,以达到灭菌目的,则需要消耗大量的能源和增加大量的热交换设备,这是不经济的。
2. 辐射灭菌法理论上声波、高能阴极射线、X射线、丫射线、B射线和紫外线都可用于空气灭菌,其灭菌的机理认为是破坏微生物菌体内的蛋白质活性而起作用,但设备投资较高,因此在发酵工业中还很少采用。
现主要采用紫外线用于无菌室、医院手术室等空气对流不大的环境,但杀菌效率较低,杀菌时间较长,一般需要结合甲醛蒸汽消毒或苯酚喷雾等来保证无菌室有较高的无菌度。
3. 化学灭菌法把少量杀菌剂(如苯酚、环氧乙烷、重金属盐、新洁而灭等)溶于水中,使空气在杀菌剂溶液中通过或喷洒于空气中以消灭空气中的微生物。
但杀菌后空气带入的杀菌剂对发酵罐内生长的微生物同样具有杀灭或抑制作用,从而影响发酵效果。
因此,使用化学灭菌法生产无菌空气后,必须除去夹带杀菌剂的水汽和雾,故在发酵工业上少用。
4、静电除菌法特点是:能量消耗少,处理1000m3的空气只耗电0.4-0.8kW;空气压头损失小约为400-2000Pa;对于1卩m的尘粒捕集效率可达99%以上。
缺点是:设备较庞大,对小于1卩m微粒效率不是很明显。
活性而起作用,但设备投资较高,因此在发酵工业中还很少采用。
5、过滤除菌法介质过滤除菌是发酵制备无菌空气广泛采用。
是采用定期灭菌的过滤介质来阻截流过空气所含的微生物,从而取得无菌空气。
现主要采用紫外线用于无菌室、医院手术室等空气对流不大的环境,但杀菌效率较低,杀菌时间较长,一般需要结合甲醛蒸汽消毒或苯酚喷雾等来保证无菌室有较高的无菌度。
常用的过滤介质:棉花、活性碳、玻璃纤维、有机合成纤维、石棉滤板和其他烧结材料(烧结金属、烧结陶瓷、烧结塑料等)。
标准无菌空气制备流程各环节的作用英文回答:The standard aseptic air preparation process consists of several steps, each with its own purpose and role. Here, I will explain each step and provide examples to illustrate their importance.1. Filtration: This is the initial step where the air is passed through a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter to remove any particles or contaminants. The HEPA filter is designed to trap particles as small as 0.3 micrometers, ensuring that the air is clean and free from any potential sources of contamination. For example, in a pharmaceutical manufacturing facility, the air used in the cleanroom is filtered to remove dust, bacteria, and other contaminants that could compromise the quality of the products being produced.2. Sterilization: After filtration, the air issubjected to a sterilization process to eliminate any remaining microorganisms. This is typically achieved through the use of ultraviolet (UV) radiation or heat. UV radiation damages the DNA of microorganisms, rendering them unable to reproduce and causing their death. Heat sterilization, on the other hand, involves exposing the air to high temperatures to kill any microorganisms present. For instance, in a hospital operating room, the air is sterilized to reduce the risk of surgical site infections and ensure a sterile environment for the surgical team.3. Pressurization: Once the air has been filtered and sterilized, it is pressurized to create a positive pressure environment. This helps to prevent the entry of contaminants from outside the controlled area. For example, in a cleanroom used for semiconductor manufacturing, the positive pressure prevents outside air from entering and contaminating the sensitive electronic components being produced.4. Monitoring: Throughout the process, the quality of the aseptic air is continuously monitored to ensure that itmeets the required standards. This is done by regularly sampling the air and testing it for the presence of microorganisms or other contaminants. If any deviations from the acceptable limits are detected, corrective actions can be taken to maintain the integrity of the aseptic environment. For instance, in a biotechnology laboratory, air samples may be collected and analyzed to ensure that the environment is free from any microbial contamination that could affect the experiments being conducted.In summary, the various steps in the standard aseptic air preparation process work together to ensure that theair used in controlled environments is clean, sterile, and free from any potential sources of contamination.Filtration removes particles and contaminants,sterilization eliminates microorganisms, pressurization prevents the entry of outside contaminants, and monitoring ensures the ongoing quality of the aseptic air.中文回答:标准无菌空气制备流程包括几个环节,每个环节都有其特定的作用和角色。
第六章空气除菌的工艺及设备在发酵工业中,绝大多数是利用好气性微生物进行纯种培养,空气则是微生物生长和代谢必不可少的条件。
但空气中含有各种各样的微生物,这些微生物随着空气进入培养液,在适宜的条件下,它们会迅速大量繁殖,消耗大量的营养物质并产生各种代谢产物;干扰甚至破坏预定发酵的正常进行,使发酵产率下降,甚至彻底失败。
因此,无菌空气的制备就成为发酵工程中的一个重要环节。
空气净化的方法很多,但各种方法的除菌效果、设备条件和经济指标各不相同。
实际生产中所需的除菌程度根据发酵工艺要求而定,、既要避免染茵,又要尽量简化除菌流程,以减少设备投资和正常运转的动力消耗。
本章将讨论合理选择除菌方法,决定除菌流程以及选用和设计满足生产需要的除菌设备等。
第一节空气中微生物的分布和发酵工业对空气无菌程度的要求一、无菌空气的概念发酵工业应用的“无菌空气”是指通过除菌处理使空气中含菌量降低在一个极低的百分数,从而能控制发酵污染至极小机会。
此种空气称为“无菌空气”。
二、空气中微生物的分布通常微生物在固体或液体培养基中繁殖后,很多细小而轻的菌体、芽孢或孢子会随水分的蒸发、物料的转移被气流带入空气中或粘附于灰尘上随风飘浮,所以空气中的含菌量随环境不同而有很大差异。
一般干燥寒冷的北方空气中的含菌量较少,而潮湿温暖的南方则含菌量较多;人口稠密的城市比人口少的农村含菌量多;地面又比高空的空气含菌量多。
因此,研究空气中的含菌情况,选择良好的采风位置和提高空气系统的除菌效率是保证正常生产的重要内容。
各地空气中所悬浮的微生物种类及比例各不相同,数量也随条件的变化而异,一般设计时以含量为103~104个/m3进行计算。
三、发酵对空气无菌程度的要求各种不同的发酵过程,由于所用菌种的生长能力、生长速度、产物性质、发酵周期、基质成分及pH值的差异,对空气无菌程度的要求也不同。
如酵母培养过程,其培养基以糖源为主,能利用无机氮,要求的pH值较低,一般细菌较难繁殖,而酵母的繁殖速度又较快,能抵抗少量的杂菌影响,因此对无菌空气的要求不如氨基酸、抗生素发酵那样严格。