雅思长难句100句教师版

【精编范文】雅思阅读长难句100句及翻译(1)-范文word版本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思阅读长难句100句及翻译(1)01. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted . 那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。

02. A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist - scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower . （这是一种）照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。

03. Hardys weakness derived from his apparent inability tocontrol the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones . 哈代的缺陷一方面缘起于他的某种明显的无能，无法控制好那结不尽相同的创作冲动的穿梭往来；另一方面缘起于他不愿意去培养和维持那些富于生机活力和风险性强的创作冲动。

雅思阅读长难句分析1. It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.2. Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.3. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.4.There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.5.Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.---------------------------1-5答案-----------------1. It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.译文：许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。

雅思长难句10001.That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。

02. (This is) A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(这是一种)照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。

03. Hardy's weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.哈代的缺陷一方面缘起于他的某种明显的无能，无法控制好那结不尽相同的创作冲动的穿梭往来;另一方面缘起于他不愿意去培养和维持那些富于生机活力和风险性强的创作冲动。

100句搞定雅思阅读长难句1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。

2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。

4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。

5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。

6. The greater the population there is in a locality; the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。

【2019最新】雅思阅读经典长难句100句-实用word文档本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思阅读经典长难句100句雅思阅读经典长难句100句1. The American economic system is , organized around a basically private - enterprise , market - oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most .美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

2. Thus , in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers , coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes , that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it .因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。

1. For example, one graphic illustration to which children might readily relate is the estimate that rainforests are being destroyed at a rate equivalent to one thousand football fields every forty minutes----about the duration of a normal classroom period.语法点：1. which引导的定语从句修饰illustration, to因为relate to搭配2. that引导同位语从句，解释说明estimate ，作用相当于破折号3. 破折号对every forty minutes解释说明2. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification.语法点：1. not…but…不是…而是2. a framework中间的三个形容词是并列关系3. making it…….是现在分词做结果状语，其中it指代framework4. which引导的非限定性定语从句，指代component ideas5. robust but also accessible 修饰it 和component ideas，插入语前后连接3. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals’ responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free-ranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup) appear to make frequent contact.语法点：1. 该长句由and连接的两个简单句2. remark on 表示评论的意思，responsiveness to来自respond to搭配3. 括号里的句子对species举例说明4. Evidently, however, the blind not only figured out meanings for each line of motion, but asa group they generally came up with the same meaning at least as frequently as did sighted subjects.语法点：1. not only…but （also）…的句式2. came up with the same meaning 等同于have consensus on sth…… 在某方面达成一致3. as…as…表示比较，盲人和正常人在达成共识的频率上保持一致5. Never before has the planet’s linguistic diversity shrunk at such a peace.语法点：倒装结构-通常来讲，句首有否定词或否定短语的时候，句子要倒装。

雅思阅读长难句分析1. It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.2. Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.3. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.4.There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.5.Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.---------------------------1-5答案-----------------1. It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.译文：许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。

雅思阅读长难句100句附翻译(10)91. For one thing, no population can be driven entirelybydensity-independent factors all the time. 请思考:如果文中说这句话的前提是：all population aredriven by two (and only two) categories of growth parameters, one isdensity-independent factors, and the other is density-independent factors.那么作者说上面的这句话有什么用意。

解释：本句虽然貌不惊人，但本书既然将其收录进来，并标出难度5，就意味着其中有怪异之处。

值得一提的是，本文前面曾把控制种群密度的因素分为两种，一种叫做density-dependentfactors(这里简称d-d因素)，另一种叫做dentsity-independentfactors(简称d-I因素)。

原文的直译虽然好懂，但是总令人感觉说得不甚明白。

显然，GRE或GMAT的作者不可能随便说一句无关痛痒的话，那么没有任何种群能够在所有的时间全被d-I因素所控制，其真正意思是什么呢?就是：一切种群都必然在某个时间内受到d-d因素的控制。

本句是ETS 在考试中惯用的正话反说的典型例子，请读者深沉体会。

本句在文章中也是理解作者态度的关键所在。

92. In order to understand the nature of the ecologist's investigation，wemay think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the "signal"ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret，one that tends to make thepopulation increase from relatively low valuesor decrease from relatively highones，while the density-independent effects act to produce "noise" in thepopulation dynamics.为了能理解生态学家们所从事的研究的性质，我们可以把那些作用于增长参数的密度依赖效应视作生态学家们力图将其分离并予以解释的"信号"，正是这一信号倾向于使种群从相对较低的数值递增，或从相对较高的数值递减;而与此同时，那些密度独立效应起到的作用则构成了种群动态变化中的"噪音"。

雅思阅读长难句100句附翻译(3)21. As my own studies have advanced，I have been increasingly impressed withthe functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less sowith the structural differences that seem，at first glance，to constitute such animmense gulf between them.随着我的研究不断深入，我对昆虫和脊椎动物群落之间的功能类似性印象愈来愈深刻，而对结构上的差异印象愈发淡漠，虽然这些结构上的差异初看上去似乎构成了二者间一条无法愈越的鸿沟。

22. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances，itsauthors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological，and talkingabout novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents muchof the fictional enterprise.虽然小说无疑起源于政治情状，但其作者则是以非意识形态的方式对这些政治情状作出反应的，而将小说和故事主要地当作意识形态的工具来探讨，会在相当程度上阻碍小说事业。

23. Is this a defect，or are the authors working out of，or trying to forge，adifferent kind of aesthetic?这究竟是一种缺陷呢，还是这些作者想要按照一种与众不同的美学体系进行创作，抑或是在试图创立一种与众不同的美学体系?24. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer's Cane,verges on expressionism or surrealism ;does this technique provide acounterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Blackheroes are pitted , a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes ofexpression ?不仅如此，有些黑人小说(比如JT的甘蔗)的风格接近与表现主义和超现实主义;这种技巧是否为流行的主题提供了一个和谐的对应呢?这种主题刻画了黑人注意与之相抗争的命运，这是一个通常用更为自然主义的表现手法所表达的主题。

雅思阅读疑难长句一百句译文在雅思阅读考试中，我们会遇到很多长难句，考生在短时间内不可能找准这些长难句的意思，那么，下面是小编为您收集整理的雅思阅读疑难长句一百句译文，供大家参考!雅思阅读疑难长句一百句译文1. Looking beyond the 10-year period,the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future — more than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States.「译文」在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们估计，在未来可预见到的时间内，3000种本地植物——占美国近25000种植物的10%——将可能灭绝。

2. The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration,because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.「译文」野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙，当然不能被看做是一种探险行为，因为，这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地，以躲避气候的季节性变化。

3. Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits:it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics; can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn't traditionally have; can improve the nutritional value of products; and can produce cheaper and more environmentally?friendly fertilizers.「译文」转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点;它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征;可以改进食物的营养价值;可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。

雅思阅读长难句100句附翻译(5)41. But achieving necessary matches in physical properties acrossinterfaces between living and nonliving matter requires knowledge of whichmolecules control the bonding of cells to each other-an area that we have notyet explored thoroughly.但是，要想沿着原生和非原生物质之间的界面获取生理特性的必要匹配，需要某种知识，即什么样的分子控制着细胞彼此间的结合--而对这一领域，我们尚未进行充分的探索。

42. Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms oflaw-notwithstanding，of course，a considerable and inevitable number ofcoincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positiveenactments are concerned-that its study is indispensable in order to appreciateadequately the full range of possible legal phenomena.伊斯兰法是一种如此不同于所有其它法律形式的现象--毋庸置疑，尽管就其主要内容和有积极意义的法规而言，与其它法律形式中的这种或那种形式存在着相当数量的且不可避免的巧合相似之处--以致于对它进行研究便显得不可或缺，以便充分理解有可能存在的法律现象的全部范围。

100句搞定雅思阅读长难句1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。

2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。

4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。

5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。

6. The greater the population there is in a locality; the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。

雅思句子分析1、When a country begins to be more aware of this fact,this would be quite benevolent,becausethis is no longer a problem for an individual family,but for the society as a whole.句子主干：难句重点：时间状语从句，原因状语从句译文：2、As a doctor at Haiper Hospital,Suzan Wilson is a part of team of cancer experts advisingdoctors about their parents and teaching medical students.句子主干：难句重点：现在分词作后置定语译文：3、It was revolutionised by the discovery of phosphorus,isolated in1669 by a German alchemistthen believed to be one of the most important scholars in the Western world.句子主干：难句重点：过去分词作后置定语译文：4、Hary’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings ofthese divergent impulse and from his unwilling to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.句子主干：难句重点：并列结构译文：5、The quest for a pratical match really began after 1781 when a group of French chemists cameup with the Phosphoric Candle or Ethereal Match,a sealed glass tube containing a twist of paper tipped with phosphorus.句子主干：难句重点：时间状语，同位语，现在分词，过去分词作后置定语译文：6、The first matches resembling those used today were made in 1827 by John Walker,an Englishpharamacist who borrowed the formula from a military rocket-maker called Congreve.句子主干：难句重点：现在分词，过去分词作后置定语,同位语，定语从句译文：7、It was not until 1900 that the Diamond Match Company bought a French patent for safetymatches-----but the formula did not work properly in the different climate conditions prevailing in America and it was another 11 years before scientists finally adapted the French patent for US.句子主干：难句重点：强调句，并列句，现在分词作后置定语,译文：8、The commitment has now been clearly definned in The World Zoo Conservation Strategy,which—although an important and welcome document---does seem to be based on an unrealistic optimism about the nature of the zoo industry.句子主干：难句重点：定语从句，插入语译文：8、Of course it is difficult to get accurate data but,to put the issue into perspective,I hve foundthat,in a year of working in Eastern Europe,I discovered fresh zoos on almost a weekly basis. 句子主干：难句重点：转折并列句，插入语，宾语从句译文：9、This establishment,which for years was protected by the local cuncil(which viewed it as atourist amenity),was finally closed down following a damning report by a veterinary inspector appointed under the terms of the Zoo licening Act 1881.句子主干：难句重点：定语从句，过去分词作后置定语译文：10、And indeed since social scientists have considerable difficulties explaining weightier topics,such as work and politics,it might be thought that they would have great difficulties in accounting for more trival phenomena such as holiday-making.句子主干：难句重点：原因状语从句，主语从句译文：11、Government have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time,the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilisation of used fibre.句子主干：难句重点：并列句，插入语，定语从句译文：12、Already，waste paper constitute 70﹪of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper.句子主干：难句重点：并列句，过去分词作后置定语译文：13、Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated intodifferent types and sorted from contaminants such as staples,paperclips,strings and other miscellaneous.句子主干：难句重点：并列结构译文：14、The four most commom sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packing material in which goods are delivered,also offices which have unwantd business documents and computer output,paper converters and printers are lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material.句子主干：难句重点：并列结构，定语从句译文：16、Nevertheless，paper recyclingis an important economiacal and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the community.句子主干：难句重点：并列句，定语从句译文：17、That is，good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of the body,while ill health has been attributed to a breakdown in this machine.句子主干：难句重点：并列句译文：18、Creating health meant providing not only medical health care ,but health promotion grammes and policies which would heelp people maintain healthy behaviour and lifestyles.句子主干：难句重点：并列结构，定语从句译文：19、Recent work by Simon Hewson is of great interest here for it shows that,for young children,too,the difficulty lies not in the inference processes which the task demands,but in ceertain perplexing features of the apparatus.句子主干：难句重点：原因状语从句，插入语，宾语从句，并列结构，定语从句译文：20、When these are changes in ways which do not at all affect the inferential nature of the problem,then five-year-old chilren solve the problm as college students did in the Kendler’s experiments.句子主干：难句重点：时间状语从句，定语从句，比较状语译文：21、Then he helped the child to understand that ther was no “magic”about the specific marble which,during the second stage of the training,the experimenter handed to him so that he could pop it into the hole and get the reward.句子主干：难句重点：宾语从句，定语从句，插入语，目的状语译文：22、We may conclude that children experience very real difficulty when faced with the Kendler apparatus,but this difficuly cannot be taken as proof that they are incapable of deductive reasoning.句子主干：难句重点：宾语从句，时间状语从句，并列句，同位语从句译文：。

我的托福雅思必过雅思口语经典长难句整理掌握雅思口语面试中的经典长句有助于在考试中大放异彩，一起跟着详细了解一下具体内容吧！“I need to learn English, which is very important because it’ll help me get a good job in international trade, which I m studying right now.〞“I work in a software company as a computer programme r, which is quite a challenging job because our clients usually want us to write programs in a short period of time.〞“Watching films, especially comedy, is my favorite pastime although (or, but) I don’t like films with a lot of violenceor horror films.〞“I don’t ride my bicycle very often because (or, since) it’s faster to take the bus to university although (or, but) I do use it on the weekends when I have no classes.〞“Yes, Chinese people do like growing flowers but since(or, but because) many peop le live in apartments in cities it’s not easy to grow flowers although people who have a balcony, especially retired people, sometimes grow flowers on their balcony.〞“Well, not really, no, because although (or, even though or, despite the fact that) the apartments are all modern and clean, there are very few places for children to play outside.〞“I’m interested in sport but, besides that (or, as well as that), there are many other things that I’m interested in, such as (or, like or for example or for instance) computers and music.〞“Three years ago, my father gave me some good advice, which was very useful because it saved me from making a very unsuitable career choice.〞“When I was in Second Year of high school, I had a math’s teacher named Mr. Wang who really changed my life by inspiringme to love mathematics.〞“To tell you the truth, I don t play much sport nor do I walk much because I drive my car everywhere, even to my office, which is near my home although I sometimes play table tennis, which I m quite good at. I know I d have more energyif I did more exercise but I just don t seem to find the time for exercise because I m too busy with my work.〞以上就是关于雅思口语经典长句的详细内容，太高雅思口语成绩话题积累不可少，更多雅思口语考试资讯请继续关注雅思频道。

剑16中的长难句在雅思考试中，剑桥系列真题中的长难句是考生需要克服的难点之一。

以下是剑16中的一些长难句示例：1. "In a world where many high-level managers have trouble defining their company’s strategy, let alone implementing it, a new breed of consultants is emerging to provide clarity and direction." (p. 380)2. "The argument in favour of incorporating AI into teaching is not just that it can automate menial tasks and free up time for teachers to focus on more valuable activities, but also that it can personalize learning and improve outcomes for students." (p. 387)3. "The researchers found that individuals who had higher levels of social integration, such as those who had close relationships with family and friends or were actively involved in community activities, had a significantly lower risk of developing dementia." (p. 390)4. "The increasing frequency of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts, is not only causing damage to property and infrastructure but also leading to significant disruptions in global supply chains." (p. 395)5. "The company’s decision to outsource its manufacturing operations has led to a reduction in costs and an improvement in efficiency, but it has also created a reliance on external suppliers that may be difficult to manage." (p. 401)这些长难句包含了复杂的句式、从句和短语，需要考生仔细分析和理解。

非常经典的雅思长难句1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。

2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century?2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。

4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。

5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。

6. The greater the population there is in a locality; the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。

1. For example, one graphic illustration to which children might readily relate is the estimate that rainforests are being destroyed at a rate equivalent to one thousand football fields every forty minutes----about the duration of a normal classroom period.语法点：1. which引导的定语从句修饰illustration, to因为relate to搭配2. that引导同位语从句，解释说明estimate ，作用相当于破折号3. 破折号对every forty minutes解释说明2. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification.语法点：1. not…but…不是…而是2. a framework中间的三个形容词是并列关系3. making it…….是现在分词做结果状语，其中it指代framework4. which引导的非限定性定语从句，指代component ideas5. robust but also accessible 修饰it 和component ideas，插入语前后连接3. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals’ responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free-ranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup) appear to make frequent contact.语法点：1. 该长句由and连接的两个简单句2. remark on 表示评论的意思，responsiveness to来自respond to搭配3. 括号里的句子对species举例说明4. Evidently, however, the blind not only figured out meanings for each line of motion, but asa group they generally came up with the same meaning at least as frequently as did sighted subjects.语法点：1. not only…but （also）…的句式2. came up with the same meaning 等同于have consensus on sth…… 在某方面达成一致3. as…as…表示比较，盲人和正常人在达成共识的频率上保持一致5. Never before has the planet’s linguistic diversity shrunk at such a peace.语法点：倒装结构-通常来讲，句首有否定词或否定短语的时候，句子要倒装。