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国際ロータリー第２７７０地区 学友会発行第一叵 平成２４年４月１日目次巻頭言 「学友 かわら版」の創刉にあたって2011年10月より、学友会幹事組織は新たな体制となりました。
新会長に関根裕子、副会長に小池剛史、根岸晃（留任）、幹事に原田俊明（留任）、副幹事に中津川祥子が就き、そして顧問として、これまで長年にわたり学友会会長を務めてこられた鈴木五郎先生になっていただきました。
学友会の構成メンバーを繋いでいる唯一の絆、それはかつてロータリー財団から奨学金をいただいて海外へ留学をしたという過去だけです。
それだけで私たちは自動的に学友会という組織に入っています。
この絆は、「ただそれだけ」と捉えればそれだけに終わります。
しかし、留学での貴重な体験、その中で得た知識、知恵、文化、新たなものの考え方、そしてそれが現在学友それぞれの生活の中でどう活かされているか…それらを考えると、学友会という組織が持つエネルギーは無限大のものがあります。
私たちは、分野も年齢も住んでいる地域も全く異なります。
しかし、この力を結集し、それぞれが自分の留学体験、現地で学んだこと、そしてそれがどのように今の生活に活きているのかを、他の学友に紹１． 「巻頭言 「学友 かわら版」の創刉にあたって」 ……………………… 1 ２． 「英国留学体験記」（The Rotary Foundation Fellowship Experienceis an experience truly worth experiencing.)鈴木五郎 (3)３． ～Alles Walzer ！音楽がつなぐ多民族の輪～ 関根裕子 ................................................. 6 ４． 「エジンバラへの留学・スコットランド民謡」 小池剛史 ................................................. 8 ５． 「1990年代半ばのイギリス留学（１）」 原田俊明 ............................................... 11 ６． 「留学生活を振り返って」 中津川祥子 .. (13)７． 編集後記 小池剛史 (16)介してみてはどうでしょう。
文章标题：Exploring the Essence of University MottosIn the realm of higher education, university mottos serve as beacons of inspiration and guidance, embodying the core values and aspirations of the institutions they represent. These succinct phrases, often engraved in stone or displayed prominently on campus, are more than just words; they are the embodiment of the institutions' ethos and the principles that guide their academic pursuits and community life.The significance of university mottos lies in their ability to capture the essence of an institution in a few carefully chosen words. They reflect the institution's historical traditions, its commitment to academic excellence, and its aspirations for the future. These mottos often serve as a source of inspiration for students, faculty, and alumni, reminding them of the values that unite them and the goals they strive to achieve.One notable example of a university motto is "Truth," adopted by Harvard University. This simple yet profoundmotto encapsulates the institution's unwavering commitment to the pursuit of knowledge and the search for truth. It is a reminder to all who enter its halls that the quest for truth is the foundation of all academic endeavors and the cornerstone of a meaningful life.Another example is Yale University's motto, "Lux et Veritas" (Light and Truth). This Latin phrase expresses the university's dual commitment to intellectual illumination and the discovery of truth. It underscores the belief that through rigorous study and critical thinking, individuals can gain both knowledge and wisdom, leading to a more enlightened and fulfilling life.The University of California, Berkeley's motto, "Fiat Lux" (Let There Be Light), similarly emphasizes the role of education in illuminating the path to knowledge and understanding. This motto encourages students and faculty to embrace a spirit of inquiry and exploration, seeking to dispel the darkness of ignorance and embrace the light of learning.Beyond their academic implications, university mottos also serve as a source of institutional pride and identity.They are often invoked during graduation ceremonies, commencement speeches, and other significant events,serving as a rallying cry for the university community.They unite alumni across generations, connecting them to a shared history and a common purpose.In conclusion, university mottos are not just words; they are the living embodiment of an institution's values and aspirations. They serve as beacons of inspiration, guiding students, faculty, and alumni on their academic journeys. By understanding and embracing these mottos, we can gain a deeper understanding of the institutions we belong to and the roles we play in shaping their futures.**文章标题**：探索大学校训的精髓在高等教育领域，大学校训作为激励和指引的灯塔，体现着所代表机构的核心价值和抱负。
翻译技巧之归化的处理Domestication Translation异化翻译法（或异化法）（Foreignizing Translation or Minoritizing Translation）和归化翻译法（或归化法）（Domesticating Translation or Domestication）是美国翻译理论家Lawrence Venuti（1995）创造的、用来描写翻译策略的两个术语。
异化翻译法是故意使译文冲破目的语常规，保留原文中的异国情调。
Venuti把异化翻译法归因于十九世纪德国哲学家Schleiermacher的翻译论说“译者尽量不惊动原作者，让读者向他靠近”(Schleiermacher 1838/1963: 47, 1838/1977:74; Venuti 1995: 19)。
Schleiermacher本人是赞同采用异化法的。
Venuti（1995: 20）指出，在盲目自大地使用单语、并把归化翻译法作为标准的文化社会（例如英美社会）中，应提倡异化翻译法。
在这种情况下采用异化法，表明这是一种对当时的社会状况进行文化干预的策略，因为这是对主导文化心理的一种挑战。
主导文化心理是尽力压制译文中的异国情调（或“异物”）。
Venuti把异化翻译描述成一种“背离民族的压力”（1995: 20），其作用是“把外国文本中的语言文化差异注入目的语之中，把读者送到国外去”（1995：20）。
具体说来，异化翻译法包括以下特点：（1）不完全遵循目的语语言与语篇规范；（2）在适当的时候选择不通顺、艰涩难懂的文体；（3）有意保留源语中的实观材料或采用目的语中的古词语；（4）目的是为目的语读者提供一次“前所未有的阅读经验”（1995：20）。
不过，Venuti 也承认，译文是用“本土的文化材料”组成的，异化翻译[像归化翻译那样] 只能是翻译过程中的其中一种策略，不同的是，采用异化法的译者一般都态度鲜明，而不是隐隐匿匿（1995：34）。
研究⽣英语核⼼教材—综合教程（下册）课后练习答案unit6,8,9Unit 6 Same Sex Marriage in the United StatesVocabularyI. Word Distinctions1. allege; charge两个词均有‘指控’的意思：allege: 在没有证据或得到证据之前指控(To assert without or before proof): 课⽂中Baehr and her attorney sought their objectives ... by alleging exclusively violations of state law，所以州政府以failure to state a claim（未能提出充⾜的证据) 申请州法院将其起诉驳回。
charge: 掌握证据后正式起诉（make a formal accusation)。
选择以上适当的词填空：1）The former mayor will appear before the local court today ____ with taking bribes.2）His classmates ____ that he was cheating in the exam, but they failed to produce any solid proof.3）She’s been arrested after being____ with murdering her husband.4）The ____ murderer was proved innocent.charges alleged charged alleged2. affirms; confirm两个词均指‘确认’affirm: to state something as true;confirm: to make an arrangement or meeting certain, often by telephone or writing选择以上适当的词填空：1）Six people have ____ that they will be attending and ten haven’t replied yet.2）The suspect ____ that he had been at home all evening.3）I’ve accepted the job over the phone, but I haven’t____ in writing yet.4）She ____ her intention to apply for the post.5）Flights should be ____ 48 hours before departure.confirmed affirmed confirmed affirmed confirmedII. Decide the meanings of the following words by matching each word in Column A with the word or expression in Column B that is similar in meaning.TranslationI．Put the following Chinese expressions into English.1) 有争议的问题provocative issues2) 社会和宗教传统societal and religious conventions3) 异族通婚interracial marriage4) 法律援助legal aid5) 家庭伴侣关系法domestic partnership laws6) 异性婚姻heterosexual marriage7) 违反法律violations of laws8) 单⽅婚姻⽆效singular marriage voidII．Put the following Chinesse sentences into English with the words or phrases in the brackets.1) 所有的战⼠都知道他们的秘密任务需要冒⼀定的风险。
中国高校校训英译的问题与对策作者：彭朝忠严俊来源：《文学教育·中旬版》2012年第12期【摘要】中国高校校训的翻译随着中西方高校交流的剧增，尤其是中国高校对外宣传意识的增强而日益受到重视，翻译中的问题也因此受到越来越多的关注。
本文在认真对比中西方高校校训语言特色的基础上，通过对文体功能的比较分析，提出借鉴广告翻译策略能够有效解决校训翻译中的问题，并认为归化的处理原则是解决中国高校校训英译问题的可行方式。
【关键词】校训翻译；文体功能；广告翻译；归化一、中西方校训语言特色的比较高校校训在英语里称为universitymotto。
motto，即箴言，指闪耀着智慧之光，有着涤洗灵魂力量的语句，往往发人深思，催人向上。
高校往往根据自己的办学特色，历史传统，人文追求，选择自己特定的校训，或为鞭策精神，或是警醒态度，就这一点而言，无论中西方高校的校训都是一致的。
此外，由于校训的上述功能，中西方校训的特点都表现出一定的固定性，校训一经选定，一般不轻易变更。
但是，中西方高校校训的选择又表现出各自的特点。
首先，从思想主题的选择上看，西方校训往往突出宗教、自由或真理等概念。
在各个不同的历史时期，西方校训表现出不同的特征。
如在欧美，宗教对政治，经济和文化生活等各方面的影响十分巨大（在宗教改革运动以前的欧洲尤其明显），宗教对教育的影响可以从很多校训中lord，light，Christ等词的高频使用得到明证。
如牛津大学（Oxford）的The lord is my light，布朗大学（BrownUniversity）InGodwehope，麦克马斯特大学（McMaster University）的Allthings cohere in Christ，哥伦比亚大学（Columbia University）：In the lightshallwe see Iight自17世纪开始，紧随宗教改革之后的的西方资产阶级革命极大地解放了宗教对人们思想的束缚，Freedom，truth及knowledge等概念在西方高校校训中大量出现，表现出人们对自由，真理和知识追求的渴望。
中国海洋⼤学外国语学院硕⼠⽣导师兼外事处⾸席翻译邹卫宁⽼师从青岛千⾥驰电到⼴东云浮，和我商谈海⼤校训（motto）“海纳百川，取则⾏远”的英译。
后来，我交给他的“答卷”是： Vast ocean embraces streams to its tide; Norms received promise one far and wide. 邹⽼师很客⽓，回函说：I think your translation of the "mission statement" of our university is quite "faithful, expressive and elegant". 译⽂是怎样组织出来的呢？ “海纳百川”好理解，“取则⾏远”的“则”字却⼀时未知其解。
邹⽼师说，“则”乃“规则”。
上搜索，亦得其义。
《科讯》2003年11⽉3 ⽇在《春光唱彻⽅⽆憾──写在王蒙⽂学创作５０周年之际》⼀⽂中有这样的语句：“海⼤校训‘海纳百川，取则⾏远’就是王蒙先⽣所题。
由此可见，王蒙先⽣对 ‘则’的重视和尊重。
在办学思路上，王蒙先⽣同样体现了的‘取则⾏远’思想。
”由此可见，“则”作名词。
青岛市王修林副市长寄语中国海洋⼤学2003届毕业⽣的时候说：“海⼤经过近⼋⼗年的历史，形成了⾃⾝的特点，现在⼜提出了⾃⼰的新校训‘海纳百川，取则⾏远’，含义⾮常的深刻。
这就要求毕业⽣要吸收各⽅⾯的知识，吸收各⽅⾯的锻炼，⽤以往的经验和常识经锻炼见风⾬，在成就⾃⼰的本⾝，也成就社会。
”我根据⾃⼰的理解，试作三译如下： 1、 Vast ocean embraces streams to its tide; Norms received promise one far and wide.（易读指数：90.9；难度系数：2.3） 2、 Vast ocean embraces streams to its tide; Norms received promise well and wide.（易读指数：90.9；难度系数：2.3） 3、 Vast ocean embraces streams to its tide; Proper norms help one go far and wide.（易读指数：100；难度系数：0.8） “海纳百川”较好翻译。
国外著名大学校训（中英对照版）1、哈佛大学Harvard UniversityLet Plato be your friend, and Aristotle, but more let your friend be truth.与亚里士多德为友,与柏拉图为友,更与真理为友.2、杜尔大学Drew UniversityFreely have you received; freely give自由地接受；自由地给予3、夏威夷大学University of HawaiiAbove all nations is humanity人性超越国界或：人性超越种族4、斯坦佛大学Stanford Universitythe wind of freedom blowsaZ愿学术自由之风劲吹5、约翰霍普金斯大学Johns Hopkins UniversityThe truth shall make you free真理必叫你们得以自由这句话可追溯于新约圣经的约翰福音第八章32节“你们必晓得真理、真理必叫你们得以自由”英文是: “And ye (you) shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.”(Ki ng James version)。
6、利哈伊大学Lehigh UniversityMan, the servant and interpreter of nature人类是大自然的理解者和仆人或：理解自然；服务自然7、北达科他大学University of North DakotaIntelligence, the Basis of Civilization才智是文明的基础8、麻省理工学院MITMind and Hand既学会动脑，也学会动手这真是工程院校的校训。
反映了MIT的创建者的办学理想- 教育的内容一定要有它的实践意义。
9、华盛顿大学Washington UniversityStrength through Truth力量借助于真理10、康涅狄克大学University of ConnecticutHe who transplants sustains* “He who transplants sustains”也是康州的州训，它反映了当初北美的殖民者的信念：上帝(He) ，把他们从英格兰迁移(transplant) 到北美大陆，会继续帮助他们，供给(sustain) 他们。
大学ランキング1）の変遷譚タン 玉ユウ洋ヤンはじめに近年、経済と情報技術の発展によって、高等教育は大衆化・ユニバーサル化し、知識社会化、社会・経済のグローバル化も進展している2）。
このような状況に対して、高等教育機関は様々な対応にせまられている。
また高等教育は量的な拡大をする一方、その質が問われている。
さらに、大学の経営コストも増加し3）、公的資金に頼るだけではなくなり、個人負担と企業への依存度が増える結果、高等教育への投資の効率性が問われてきている。
一方、市場化が進む国際社会における大学は、社会との関連が強まり、市場化の渦にまき込まれていると言えるだろう。
知識の生産と伝達の活動を支える組織的形態として形成された大学は、現在、新しい使命を吹き込ませられつつある。
それは社会的責任と社会への貢献（2006年教育基本法7条4））である。
そのために、社会（大学外部世界）へと大学の中身に関する説明や情報提供を行う責任（アカンウンタビリティ）を高等教育機関はもつべきであると言われるようになってきた5）。
すなわち、高等教育は国際社会市場化が進展する中、「教育消費者」と「教育投資者」等へと大学の質に関する情報を提供することが求められているのである。
しかし、そのプロセスや成果は極めて多様かつ複雑であるため、それらの責任を担うことが難しい状態である。
また、政府等の第三機関による大学への評価（認証評価など）だけでは、今日の教育改革と社会が大学への知情権利に応えることが難しい。
他方、大学の目的は教育と研究であり、理念は自由と自律であるため、市場化社会の需要に応じるべきではないとも指摘されている。
こうした流れの中に、社会側の大学に関する情報の需要と大学評価の現状との間のキャップを埋めるため、仲介として、一般人に受け入れられやすい大学ランキングが作られてきた。
大学ランキングは大学外部（受験生や保護者、雇用者、産業界、留学生、政府）へ大学の業績と財務6）などに関する情報を提供するための主に民間による評価7）である（社会的監視とも言える）。
波恩大学：学术与文化的交汇点Nestled in the heart of Bonn, Germany, Universität Bonn, or more commonly known as the University of Bonn, stands as a beacon of academic excellence and cultural diversity. Since its establishment in 1818, thisinstitution has grown to become one of the most respected universities in Europe, renowned for its exceptional research and teaching in a wide range of disciplines.The University of Bonn boasts a diverse array of academic departments and research centers, covering fields such as medicine, law, humanities, natural sciences, and engineering. Its faculty comprises world-renowned scholars and researchers who are committed to pushing the boundaries of knowledge and fostering innovation. The university's commitment to excellence is evident in its numerous collaborations with industry partners and international research institutions, which facilitate the translation of research findings into practical applications.What sets the University of Bonn apart is its unique blend of traditional academic rigor and modern teaching methods. The university places a strong emphasis oncritical thinking, problem-solving, and interdisciplinary collaboration, encouraging students to explore diverse perspectives and develop a broad understanding of the world. The curriculum is designed to foster a sense ofintellectual curiosity and creativity, preparing studentsfor the challenges of the 21st century.In addition to its academic excellence, the Universityof Bonn is also renowned for its vibrant cultural life. The campus is a hub of intellectual and artistic activity, hosting a range of events, exhibitions, and festivals that celebrate the university's rich cultural heritage and promote dialogue between students, faculty, and the local community. The university's proximity to Bonn's historical landmarks and museums further enhances its cultural offerings, providing students with ample opportunities to explore and engage with the city's rich cultural tapestry.Moreover, the University of Bonn is committed to sustainability and environmental responsibility. The campus is designed to minimize its impact on the environment, with sustainable buildings, energy-efficient systems, and a strong focus on recycling and waste reduction. Theuniversity also encourages students and faculty to embrace sustainable practices in their daily lives, promoting a culture of environmental awareness and responsibility.In conclusion, the University of Bonn is a preeminent institution of higher learning that offers a unique blendof academic excellence, cultural diversity, and environmental sustainability. It provides an ideal environment for students to pursue their academic goals, develop their skills, and broaden their horizons. Whether you're interested in exploring the depths of science,delving into the intricacies of law, or delving into therich tapestry of human culture, the University of Bonn has something to offer everyone.**波恩大学：学术与文化的交汇点**波恩大学位于德国波恩市的心脏地带，是一所学术卓越、文化多元的高等学府。
大学高阶英语教材翻译课文（正文）```Introduction```With the increasing demand for English language proficiency in today's globalized world, the teaching and learning of translation in advanced English textbooks for university students have become crucial. This article aims to discuss the translation of course texts in advanced English textbooks for university students.```The Importance of Translation in Advanced English Textbooks```Translation plays a significant role in advanced English textbooks as it not only enhances students' language skills but also provides them with a deep understanding of both the source and target languages. The inclusion of translation exercises in these textbooks allows students to apply their knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, and cultural nuances, thus facilitating their language acquisition process.```Strategies for Translating Course Texts```1. Understanding the Source Text: Before beginning the translation process, students must thoroughly comprehend the source text. They should pay attention to the context, structure, and main ideas conveyed by the original text.2. Analyzing Cultural and Linguistic Differences: Advanced English textbooks often consist of texts originating from various cultures and backgrounds. Students need to be aware of the cultural and linguistic discrepancies between the source and target languages to ensure accurate translation.3. Preserving the Style and Tone: In translation, it is essential to maintain the author's intended style and tone. Students should strive to reflect the original text's voice and register while adapting it to the target language.4. Retaining the Meaning: The primary goal of translation is to convey the meaning of the source text accurately. Students should prioritize semantic equivalence and avoid mistranslations or misinterpretations.5. Proofreading and Editing: After completing the initial translation, students should carefully proofread and edit their work. This step ensures that the final translation is error-free and effectively conveys the intended message.```Challenges in Translating Course Texts```1. Idiomatic Expressions: Idiomatic expressions pose challenges in translation as they often do not have direct equivalents in the target language. Students must employ their creativity and knowledge of both languages to find appropriate alternative expressions.2. Cultural Nuances: Various cultural nuances and references embedded in the source text can be challenging to translate accurately. Students should be sensitive to cultural contexts and use their cultural knowledge to convey the intended meaning in the target language.3. Sentence Structure: Different languages have varying sentence structures, making translation a complex task. Students must carefully analyze the grammatical structure of the original text and ensure its coherence and readability in the target language.4. Ambiguity: Some texts may contain deliberate ambiguity. Translating such ambiguity requires students to make informed decisions while considering the author's intended meaning and maintaining textual integrity.```Conclusion```In conclusion, the translation of course texts in advanced English textbooks for university students is a valuable tool for enhancing language skills and cultural understanding. By employing effective translation strategies and overcoming the challenges posed, students can develop their translation abilities and gain a comprehensive grasp of both the source and target languages.(Note: This is a sample article for the given title. The actual content may vary based on specific requirements and course objectives.)。
Chapter 1 Introduction1.1Background of The StudyA school motto is the central reflection of the educational concepts of a school, and embodies the history and traditional culture of a school. As the spiritual core of a school, the school motto stipulates the common values and behavior standards for both teachers and students.The rapid development of economic globalization and cultural exchanges in the world has inevitably led to high difference of communication between school in China translating its university motto.A university motto not only bears university spirit, but also performs the function of publicizing. Its English translation plays an important role in introducing university culture and spirit to the outside. With the development of international communication and cooperation between China and other countries, a large number of overseas students keep coming to China to study at Chinese universities. The university motto is an access to the first impression of the university. Moreover, Chinese universities which are working on becoming the top universities in the world must publicize themselves by English translation of university mottoes. We can not deny the fact that the English translations of university motto have played a crucial role in introducing Chinese universities to the world.However, not all translation of the university motto are functionally and stylistically equivalent. A lot of problems have risen in translating university motto because the university spirit and cultural connotation of university motto fail to be translated, which make translations fail to perform the function of publicity, some are even misleading and confusing. Some have been translated word by word, sacrificing the intelligibility, clarity, and coherence of the translation, which end up with awkward translation. This could result from the cultural differences between China and foreign countries. The ideas and concepts which are unique to Chinese culture donot have equivalents in English.Due to the lack of theoretical guidance, they fail to provide a framework fo principle, rules and hints for the translation of such particular genre. Many excellent translators. With their translation experience and practice, can only provide new translation examples and cases without innovation and breakthroughs in theory. Some translators even ignore translation theories and overstress the Chinese culture and linguistic characteristics. Therefore, a close study on the translation of university motto is need.A university motto is a refining statement meant to formally describe the educational motivation or intention of a university, which is an indispensable part in the constructing of education orientation of a university at present and in future. It is the reflection of university spirit and culture.This paper aims to fill in this long-neglected gap. And based on the analysis above, the author deems it imperative to study the translation of school mottoes on the basis of a systematic comparison of English and Chinese school mottoes in terms of syntactic structure, rhetoric style and cultural implication1.2 Significance of The StudySince the 1990s, research on school mottoes have been increasing in number and expanding in the researching scope. And in the rapidly developing modern society, the exchanges in education among countries all over the world are of no less importance than those in politics and economy. As the symbol of educational concepts and values or guiding principles of a university, university mottoes are translated mainly into English as an indispensable part in educational exchanges and cooperation between schools at home and abroad. In fact, most educational institutions, especial of higher learning, attach much importance to the translation of their Chinese school mottoes into English, many of which are of great value. But because of the differences in the language systems between Chinese and English and the inappropriate application of translation theories in the practice, many problems pop up in the translation ofChinese school mottoes into English, and the continue practice will present a most disconcerting scenario in this field. Hence, the author finds it very necessary to conduct a systematic study of the translation of Chinese school mottoes into English.The significance of school mottoes gains recognition among schools, especially among those so-called key universities and prestigious high schools, the academic researches related to school mottoes have sprung up in recent years, especially since the 1990s when the number of relevant research papers increased rapidly. Most of the researchers, however, studied the school mottoes from the non-linguistic perspectives, such as the relationship between school mottoes and school culture, the relationship between university mottoes and the university’s moral construction, as well as the functions of school mottoes. Very few focus on their studies of school mottoes from the linguistic perspective. As for the comparative studies of English and Chinese university mottoes, most of them were made from the perspectives of historical development, origins, contents and instructive functions, only with a passing discussion about their differences in sentence structure and rhetorical style, much less about the translation of university mottoes.University motto translation has close relation with the philosophy of a university, the purpose of the education and its mission. It is a reflection of the level of its education and its rank among the universities. It can be part of the university campus culture and the guiding principle of the students and faculty of the university. It can be regarded as one of the symbols of a university. It plays quite a vital role in international exchange and in the cognition of the scholars. It is an way for the foreigners to learn about this university. How to establish the close link between different universities is a difficult question to answer. Because of the close relation between the university and the motto, and its contents, university motto translation is not an easy task. It refers to the process in which the content expressed by one language is expressed by another different language totally. In this thesis we mainly have a discussion about the C-E translation of Chinese university motto and as a complement some E-C translation versions of western university motto are included.From the above we can say university motto translation can make the educationphilosophy publicized and attract the foreign students and from the point of the country, it can enhance the competitive power in 21st century. It is an indispensable part of ascending the external image of a university. It can enhance the education power and broaden the educational link between different universities. Meanwhile, it can impart the Chinese culture to the foreign readers and let the foreigners know more about China and Chinese civilization because some of the mottoes come from the old sayings of the famous people. It can promote the joint development of the Chinese and Western education. In accompany with the development of the world and education plus the cooperation of the different countries, the translation of the university mottoes is a hot topic in theoretic and practical research, but it is exiguous in China. The translation of a university motto is not only a vital and necessary way to entice people into studying the information of this university and mold the characteristic and spirit and soul of the university, but also the internal needs to reflect its own advantages and specialties and so on. The translation of university mottoes reflects the translation of conformation to times.Chapter 2 A Contractive Analysis of English and ChineseUniversity Mottoes2.1 Cultural Connotations of University MottoAs seriously influenced by the traditional culture of Chinese nation, especially the Confucius culture, the motto usually reflects this culture in the characters. Zhang jingbi(张竞碧) argues that university motto in China clearly advocates “moral” and has a strong tendency of moralism. They attach considerable importance to moral and pay great attention on doing goods to others”.Therefore, these culture usually reflected in the characters. For example, the one of Tsinghua University”ziqiang buxi houde zaiwu” self-discipline and social commitment”; the one of China University of Political Science And Law “houde mingfa gewu zhigong(厚德载物，格物致公)”“keeping integrity and law in mind and studying for the people” ; the brilliant culture of Chinese nation is vividly reflected by the expression of “houde zaiwu ”“social commitment” and “houde mingfa” keeping integrity and law in mind”“boxue zhijing mingde zhishan（博学至精，明德至善）” “pursue excellent with erudition, reach perfection with morality”. “Patriotism is the traditional culture of Chinese nation and is also the responsibility of mass intellectuals”. It imposes demands on the staff and students to love his motherland, to be loyal to people, to serve society, to support democracy and to keep harmony. Those are accordingly reflected in the motto of Peking University. National Tai Wan University: “dunpin lixue aiguo airen(敦品励学，爱过爱人)” means “cultivate your virtue, advance your intellect; love your country and people”; Hong Kong Polytechinc University: kaiwu chengwu lixue limin” to learn and to apply for the benefit of mankind”. “The ma jor tasks of university are to seek knowledge, explore truth, and develop innovation. Therefore, the culture is also reflected in the university motto”. Such as, the mottoes of South-Central University for Nationalities: duxing 笃信“faithfulness”, “haoxue 好学”“learning”, ziran(自然)“harmony”, “kuanhe （宽和）”“generosity”; Renmin University of China: “shishi qiushi”“seek truth from facts”.2.2 Differences between Chinese and Overseas University MottoesComparing the sources of English and Chinese school mottoes, there are many similarities as well as differences between the two. As for the similarities, they are as follows:Firstly, many school mottoes in our country and in the West are inscriptions or famous sayings of celebrities, such as the national leaders, government officials, and founders or well-known principals of the school. For example, among English school mottoes, the school motto of University of Berlin was inscribed by Humboldt, the father of modern German education and the Minister of Education in the early 1810s, and what he inscribed is the famous saying of Carl Marx, “What philosophers do is just explaining the world through variety of ways, whereas the key problem is to change the world”. And the school motto of Cornell University. “I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study”, “I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study,” is a famous saying left by Ezra Comell, the founder of the university. Among Chinese school mottoes, the school motto of Nankai University “允公允能日新月异”was formed in 1934 when Nankai University celebrated its 30th anniversary and Mr. Zhang Boling, the principal of the university at that time, officially announced that Nankai University would adopt “公” and “能” as its school motto. Another example is the school motto of Peking University “爱国进步民主科学”, it was inscribed by Chairman Jiang Zemin when Peking University celebrated its one-hundred –year anniversary in 1998. And Chairman Jiang Zemin also inscribed “厚德博学强军兴国”for National University of Defense Technology in 2003, which was taken as the school motto of the university since then.Secondly, many school mottoes in our county and in the West are words or sentences quoted from a hymn by Roman lyric poet Horace. The school motto of Duke University in America “Knowledge and Religion” is also quoted from a hymn named “Sacred Knowledge” by Charles Wesley. And the school motto of AustralianNational University “Above all of find out the way things are”is ancient Rome. Among Chinese school mottoes, the school motto of Tsinghua University “自强不息厚德载物” in Chinese are words taken from the Book of Changes, a prevailing work of Confucianism in ancient China. And the school motto of Sichuan University “海纳百川有容乃大”is taken from the poetic couplet written by the national hero Lin Zexu in his study: “海纳百川，有容乃大，壁立千仞，无欲则刚”。
