2016年5月英语三级笔译实务真题+译文

往年CATTI英语三级笔译实务真题大家备考CATTI 英语三级笔译实务期间，研究真题不是把真题做一遍就行了，一定要总结，笔译实务考验真实的翻译功底，多练习，多读，多背，考场上才不会头脑空白。

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5月份CATTI 英语三级笔译实务真题Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.It didn’t take long for Manuel García Murillo, a bricklayer who took over as mayor here last June, to realize that his town was in trouble. It was 800,000 euros, a little more than $1 million, in the red. There was no cash on hand to pay for anything — and there was work that needed to be done.But then an amazing thing happened, he said. Just as the health department was about to close down the day care center because it didn’t have a proper kitchen, Bernardo Benítez, a construction worker, offered to put up the walls and the tiles free. Then, Maria José Carmona, an adult education teacher, stepped in to clean the place up. And somehow, the volunteers just kept coming. Every Sunday now, the residents of this town in southwest Spain — young and old — do what needs to be done, whether it is cleaning the streets, raking the leaves, unclogging culverts or planting trees in the park. “It was an initiative from them,” said Mr. García. “Day to day we talked to people and we told them there was no money. Of course, they could see it. The grass in between the sidewalks was up to my thigh. “ Higuera de la Serena is in many ways a microcosm of Spain’strou bles. Just as Spain’s national and regional governments are struggling with the collapse of the construction industry,overspending on huge capital projects and a pileup of unpaid bills, the same problems afflict many of its small towns.But what has brought Higuera de la Serena a measure of fame in Spain is that the residents have stepped up where their government has failed. Mr. García says his phone rings regularly from other town officials who want to know how to do the same thing. He is servingwi thout pay, as are the town’s two other elected officials. They are also forgoing the cars and phones that usually come with the job. “We lived beyond our means,” Mr. García said. “We invested in public works thatweren’t sensible. We are in technical bankruptcy.” Even some money from the European Union that was supposed to be used forroutine operating e某penses and last until 2023 has already been spent, he said.Higuera de la Serena, a cluster of about 900 houses surrounded by farmland, and traditionally dependent on pig farming and olives, got swept up in the giddy days of the construction boom. It built a cultural center and invested in a small nursing home. But theprojects were plagued by delays and cost overruns.The cultural center still has no bathrooms. The nursing home, a whitewashed building sits on the edge of town, still unopened. Together, they account for some $470,000 of debt owed to the bank. But the rest of the debt is mostly the unpaid bills of a town that was not keeping up with its e某penses. It owes for medical supplies, for diesel fuel, for road repair, for electrical work, for musicians who played during holidays.Higuera de la Serena is not completely without workers. It still has a half-time librarian, two half-time street cleaners, someonepart-time for the sports comple某, a secretary and an administrator, all of whom are paid through various financing streams apart from the town. But the town once had a work force twice the size. And when someone is ill, volunteers have to step in or the gym and sports comple某— open four hours a day — must close.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into English.10 年来，中国经济持续快速发展，经济实力、综合国力、人民生活水平迈上新的台阶，国家面貌发生举世瞩目的历史性变化，为促进亚洲和世界经济增长作出了重要贡献。

英译汉：In 1876 Tetteh Quarshie, a blacksmith, smuggled the first cocoa beans into Ghana,hidden beneath his box of tools. He is now celebrated as a national hero; his trees, planted in the hills outside Accra，are a tourist attraction. But did cocoa make him rich? “No,”says a guide. “He harvested for the first time, and then he died.”West Africans have been seeking fortunes in cocoa ever since. Like Mr Quarshie, they have been short of luck. Ghana and Ivory Coast produce about 60% of the world’s cocoa. Yet they mostly sell unprocessed beans. Their cocoa-export earnings are equivalent to less than a tenth of world chocolate sales. Power lies with a small group of trading firms and chocolate-makers in rich countries.“We send raw materials, they add value,”sighs Owusu Akoto,Ghana’s agriculture minister.Ghana and Ivory Coast are trying to claw up the value chain. Ghana is close to finalizing a $600m loan from the African Development Bank, some of which is expected to support cocoa processing. It is also seeking Chinese help to build a state-run processing plant. Observers see cocoa as a test-case for African industrialization. But it is not a very useful model. Cocoa is unlikely to bring much revenue or many jobs.Granted, there have been some successes. About 21% of the world"s cocoa is ground in Africa, up from 15% a decade ago. Ivory Coast grinds nearly a third of its beans and rivals the Netherlands as the world leader by volume. In Ghana’s Tema “free zone”，the smell of cocoa is in the air. One of several processors there ships cocoa butter, liquor and cake abroad,while selling chocolate at home. Customers cannot believe it is made in Ghana, chuckles Lloyd Ashiley, the plant manager.Most of the processing in the region is done by the same multinationals that were already grinding cocoa in Europe or elsewhere. In Ghana, firms in free zones get tax breaks.The government, which dominates the cocoa industry, gives a discount on smaller, “light-crop”beans to encourage local processing. But when the cheap beans run out, machines sitidle. Nearly half of capacity is unused.Gone are the days when George Cadbury built model villages for his British workers. A modem cocoa factory is a labyrinth of juddering metal, supervised from behind computer screens. The entire Ghanaian processing industry employs just a few thousand people. The capital investment required to create one job grinding cocoa in Ivory Coast could create over 300 jobs processing cashew nuts, said the World Bank in 2012.The biggest problem is geography. Most of the value in chocolate comes from marketing and branding. And it is a big step up from grinding to chocolate-making. Consumers are mostly in Europe or North America. Transporting chocolate through tropical climates is a logistical headache. Chocolate consumption in Africa is low.Some artisanal confectioners are breaking the mould. Instant Chocolate, an Ivorian firm，sells posh chocs in flavours including baobab and hibiscus. A Ghanaian brand named 57 Chocolate —for the year of the country’s independence —stamps its bars with the Adinkra symbols more commonly found on Ashanti fabrics. Kimberly Addison and Priscilla Addison, the sisters who founded it, hit upon the idea while living in chocoholic Switzerland. “Why not try to produce a chocolate brand that is uniquely African?”asks Kimberly. But these firms operate on a tiny scale. For wannabe chocolate-makers, alas, there is no golden ticket.参考答案：1876年，一名叫泰特·夸尔希的铁匠把可可豆藏在工具箱下面，将第一批可可豆走私到加纳。

CATTI三级笔译实务全部试题真题及答案汇总2017年5月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷Section 1: English-ChineseTranslation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.Improved human well-being is the greatest triumph of modern era. The age of plenty has also led to an unexpected global health crisis: two billion people are either overweight or obese. Developed countries have been especially susceptible to unhealthy weight gain. However, developing countries are now facing a similar crisis. Obesity rates have peaked in high income countries but are accelerating elsewhere. The combined findings of the World Health Organisation and the World Bank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world’s overw eight children. One quarter were in Africa.This crisis will test the political resolve of governments that have focused on ending hunger. These governments must understand that the factors making cities convenient and productive also make their residents prone to obesity. Urbanites enjoy a variety of culinary options. International fast food chains are flourishing in developing countries. The health risks of such diets are compounded by the sedentary lifestyles of urban dwellers. People’s leisure time is a lso being occupied by television, movies and video games in the growing number of households.The alarming implication of these trends is that developing countries may become sick before they get rich. That sickness may, in turn, cripple health systems. The yearly health care costs in Southeast Asia of obesity-related complications like diabetesand cardiovascular disease are already as high as US $10 billion. Such diseases are an added burden on countries already struggling to manage primary health care needs.Policies related to taxation, urban design, education and the promotion of food systems may help control obesity at a lower cost than eventual medical treatment for an increasingly overweight population. Some governments have already experimented with direct interventions to control obesity, such as taxation on unhealthy foods and drinks. Thailand, Brunei, and Singapore have adopted soda tax . South Africa is likely to introduce a sugar tax beginning in April 2018. The city of Berkeley in California recognises that taxes alone are not enough to address obesity. Proceeds from the city’s sugar tax are used to support child nutrition and community health programmes. This underscores the importance of education.There is also promise in many initiatives. Urban design holds significant power to reshape lifestyle patterns and public health. Improving the attractiveness of public space can draw residents out of their cars and living rooms. A recent study of urban neighbourhoods in Shanghai and Hangzhou found that residents living in walkable neighbourhoods are healthier than residents living in less walkable neighourhoods in urban China. Finally, healthier lifestyles begin in grocery store aisles.Governments should encourage tighter connections between agricultural production systems, urban grocers and food vendors. Such initiatives can also help urban residents better understand the mechanics of food sourcing. This raises awareness about the relationship between natural foods and healthy lifestyles. Combining controls on unhealthy foods with policies that incentivise healthy eating and active lifestyles isimportant for developing countries from both an economic and social point of view. To quote the recent Global Nutrition Report, “Reducing obesity will boost global development.”Section 2: Chinese-EnglishTranslation (50 points)Translate the following passage into English.煤炭是地球上储量最丰富的能源，但目前反对使用煤炭的声浪日益高涨。

翻译三级笔译综合能力真题2016年下半年ⅠVocabulary and Grammar(60pionts)This section consists of3parts.Read the directions for each part before answering the questions.Part1Vocabulary SelectionIn this part,there are20incomplete sentences.Below each sentence,there are4choices marked by letters A,B,C and D respectively.Choose the word which best completes each sentence.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.(20pionts)1、Many people find Stanley Jordan's music entertaining.Listening to it helps them to relax and to______the tensions they feel at the end of the day.A.alterB.alleviateC.allureD.alternate2、In many parts of East Africa at that time,wild animals were so______ that it was almost impossible for a photographer to approach close enough to film them.rgeB.rareC.numerousD.wary3、The finest films of the silent era depended on two______that we can seldom provide today-a large and receptive audience and a well-orchestrated score.A.gradientsB.focusesC.elementsD.thoughts4、Despite their seemingly______architecture,the pyramids of Giza are actually intricate marvels of ancient engineering.A.romanticplexC.classicalD.simplistic5、Her pregnancy was not easy:the typical morning sickness that often______ the first three months affected her every day for nine months.A.confrontedB.harmonizedC.accompaniedD.developed6、Any scientist who is not a hypocrite will admit the important part that______plays in the scientific discovery.A.projectB.researchC.geniusD.luck7、We must be committed______the deep greenhouse gas reductions since we need to avoid the worst outcomes of climate change.A.onB.withC.inD.to8、When I was15,my brother,and then my father,were all______ill,both with brain tumors.Instead of going to school,I had to stay at home and look after them.A.treatedB.struckC.announcedD.driven9、In Charles Dickens'A Christmas Carol,Scrooge is a particularly______ character,refusing to give his assistant a raise,despite his enormous wealth.A.meanB.amiableC.generousD.notorious10、Classroom observation was,no doubt,the most direct means of gaining ______into teachers'English language instruction as well as learners' classroom behavior.A.intrusionB.insightC.intuitionD.interview11、Although some insist that all behaviors are learned,there are others who hold that some behaviors are______,existing before any learning occurs.A.negligentB.durableC.innateD.customary12、Most house fires can be avoided through such simple______as proper education and a well-placed fire extinguisher.A.proceduresB.prohibitionsC.precautionsD.processes13、No matter how______snowmobiles are driven,they are capable of damaging the land over which they travel.A.dangerouslyB.seriouslyC.technicallyD.discreetly14、By providing people with information about their electricity use-down to every plugged-in device in a home or business-they can make choices that save money and______efficiency and convenience.A.maximizeB.intensifypressD.facilitate15、Nowadays many people are frustrated with serious______,especially when faced with something they do not want to do.A.delinquencyB.deficiencyC.delayD.defence16、It might be a good idea if educators could make knowledge about environmental protection an important part of the______school curricula.A.regularB.necessaryC.intensiveD.systematic17、As hard as it is to have an honest dialogue about business decisions, it is even harder to give individuals honest______.This is true for both employees and employers.A.elaborationB.feedbackC.repetitionD.conclusion18、Hoping to______the dispute,negotiators proposed a compromise that they felt would be acceptable to both labor and management.A.resolveB.reverseC.removeD.resist19、The linguist discovered striking similarities between a nearly______ language spoken in central Siberia and various languages spoken by native Americans.A.extinctB.ethnicC.exoticD.erratic20、John Smith hoped that the committee would not recommend a course of action that would______an already bad situation in the workplace.promiseB.exacerbateC.negotiateD.formulatePart2Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of20sentences.In each of them one word or phrase isunderlined,and below each sentence,there are4choices marked by letters A,B,C and D respectively.Choose the word that can replace the underlined part without causing,any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.(20pionts)21、They did their best to avoid getting embroiled in the quarrel,preferring to maintain their neutrality as long as possible.A.involvedB.inclinedC.indulgedD.included22、Because their roots are external and their leaf bases clasp,palm trees are rigid and upright,yet elastic enough to bend in strong winds.A.eligibleB.flexibleC.thinD.soft23、Clara Brodeur tried hard to pull herself away from her famous mother, the renowned photographer,whose towering reputation rests on the nude portraits she took of her young daughter.A.notableB.apparentC.conspicuousD.prominent24、The following excerpt is the beginning of a memoir,published in1989, by a woman who emigrated with her family from Poland to Canada when she was a teenager.A.dissertationB.introductionC.publicationD.selection25、The strong efforts to gain equality for women in the workplace began to show results in the last century:women have since secured positions as research scientists and won wide recognition within their fields.A.sharedB.wantedC.elevatedD.obtained26、Lord Chatham who had the same feeling naturally seconded the proposal, but he wondered why they had to make a choice.A.substitutedB.submittedC.supportedD.supervised27、Not one to be easily frightened,the corporal remained composed while the opposing army pressed toward his troop's position.A.calmB.crossC.cozyD.casual28、The Internet is rapidly becoming another means of disseminating information traditionally made available through radio and television stations.A.creatingB.interpretingC.spreadingD.expressing29、Flints'finds in the region extending from the Nile Valley tothehighlan ds of easternlraq testify to the presence of people as long as100,000years ago.A.prophesyB.demonstrateC.implyD.mention30、Greg had a premonition that the day would not go well,and just as he feared, he had two important quizzes ahead.A.predictionB.sensationC.feelingD.intention31、No matter how many readers already revere Amy Tan,their appreciation for her will grow10fold after experiencing these unforgettable revelations.A.valueB.admireC.familiarizeD.memorize32、AUK study revealed that the children who demonstrated the highest measure of happiness came from families in which both parents worked outside the home.yerB.tierC.degreeD.scale33、Gregor was a gifted violinist who was diligent about practicing,showinga dedication to his art that even surpassed his talent.A.industriousB.ingeniousC.incredibleD.intelligent34、The English language,in particular,is a great arena in which etymologists can explore history through words.A.sourceB.originC.theaterD.field35、Even those who do not concur with Robinson's views recognize him as a candidate who has courageously refused to compromise his convictions.A.allyB.agreeC.aspireD.argue36、The two knights engaged in a perilous fight.It would not end until one of them lay dead on the ground.A.seriousB.dividedC.riskyD.humble37、A study shows that while some women continued to outpace men in achievements, they ceased making real progress at the top of an organization.A.stoppedB.retardedC.containedD.prevented38、Jane felt wishy-washy about whether to go to the party or not.On the one hand,it seemed like fun,but on the other,it was very boring.A.amicableB.ambientC.amiableD.ambivalent39、It is reported that several kinds of turtles have lived more than30years in captivity,but in natural environments,some can live as long as50years.A.confinementB.concealmentC.custodyD.cage40、As a tradition,important persons in the town would stand up in front of their communities to give the oration on July4each year.A.eloquenceB.speechC.topicD.contentPart3Error CorrectionThis part consists of20sentences.In each of them there is an underlined part that indicates a grammatical error,and below each,there are4choices marked by letters A,B,C and D respectively.Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.(20pionts)41、Only since the publication of her first novel,Olivia has been considering herself a true writer.A.Olivia consideredB.has Olivia consideredC.was Olivia consideringD.could Olivia be able to consider42、It was said that the board of directors decide to put Peter in charge of the work.A.decidedB.has decidedC.had decidedD.have decided43、We believe that the parcel will reach you safely by the time you read the mail.A.reachesB.will have reachedC.has reachedD.would reach44、This method saved half the labor that will be needed to move all the books downstairs.A.would needB.would be neededC.would have neededD.would have been needed45、Sally appears being a hard time convincing her husband to give up smoking.A.to beB.have beenC.to be havingD.having had46、Jennie is going to make a call and it rang.A.was about...whenB.is about...whenC.was about...whileD.is about...while47、No other quality is more important for an armyman to acquire like to obeya military order.A.so as toB.than toC.just as toD.as to48、If the food were as dangerous as some people think,more lot of us would be getting sick.A.more a lot of usB.a lot of more usC.a lot more of usD.a lot of us more49、The science of agriculture,which we owe a great deal,is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.A.for whichB.with whichC.in whichD.to which50、It is true that to find trained people is more difficult than we get financial support for a research project.A.gettingB.to gettingC.getD.to get51、The reason the hills were natural places for planting fruit trees wassince there is more sunlight.A.forB.thatC.whatD.because52、An ambulance was pulling over.Somebody would be hurt or sick somewhere nearby.A.must beB.should have beenC.should beD.must have been53、Her parents must not receive any message about her.They don't know what has happened to her.A.must not have receivedB.ought not to receiveC.not ought to have receivedD.not ought to receive54、My father used to make me repeating his instructions to make sure that I knew what I was doing after he had gone to work.A.repeat...doB.to repeat...doC.repeat...to doD.to repeat...to do55、No one could understand him postponing in making the decision until it was too late to do so.A.his postponing to makeB.why he postponed makingC.him to postpone to makeD.him to postpone making56、My PC is out of order,the experiment has to be put off.A.beingB.wasC.beD.has been57、He was told the whole story,John decided not to see the film.A.TellingB.Having toldC.Been toldD.Having been told58、Bob refused a good salary job and said he might refuse even if they may offer him twice as much.A.would refuse...offeredB.could have refused...had offeredC.could refuse...might offerD.would have refused...offering59、It is only because by an exercise of self-control thus he could concentrate on his reading with noises outside.A.It was only...thenB.Being only...hadC.It was only...thatD.Only...that60、Computers will develop more successfully because they enable us to fulfill tasks that wasn't able to undertake ever before.A.couldn't be undertakenB.mustn't have been undertakenC.could never before have been undertakenD.would never before have undertakenⅡReading Comprehension(30pionts)In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage,each with4(A,B,C andD.choices to answer the question or complete the statement.You must choose the one which you think fits best.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Why do readers of New Scientist continue to get steamed up about race?After all,it can be used as an innocuous technical term by anthropologists.But all too often discussions of"race"lead to"racism",and tempers begin to fray.Before the18th century,race merely described a group of common cultural origin,not one defined by immutable characteristics.Unfortunately,this usage changed as the Western powers colonized Asia and Africa and needed a way to characterize the peoples they subjected as not only different,but inferior.A long list of scientists helped to"classify"the races.Among them were some of the famous names of the18th and19th centuries:Linnaeus,Cuvier, Haeckel,Huxley and Buffon.Although their classifications rarely agreed, many accepted that the races were fundamentally different and could be arranged with Caucasians at the top.Only after the Darwinian evolution and the emergence of genetics did the notion of a league table start to crumble.By the1940s,UNESCO could emphatically state:"Racism falsely claims that there is a scientific basis for arranging groups hierarchically in terms of psychological and cultural characteristics that are immutable and innate."That groups cannot be arranged hierarchically does not mean that anthropologists cannot set up classifications which divide people into different groups,or that such classifications will not be useful,as several of our latter writers point out.For example,they can provide vital tools (along with language distribution)to reconstruct the prehistoric movements of peoples.Where genetic data are available,these reconstructions can be greatly refined.In other contexts,such classifications are misleading.Many of the differences they record(including facial features,skin and hair color)are most probably superficial adaptations to local climate.Although useful as indicators of the origin of different groups,they imply nothing fundamental about differences between them.Attempts to assess more important differences between groups(of any number of cognitive abilities,for example)always come to the same very well-known conclusion-that the differences between individuals within one racial group are much larger than the differences between the average members of two such groups.What this means is that it is impossible to say anything about a particular individual's ability because of his or her race(however,defined)because the spread of variation within a race is larger than the average difference between races.Racism can thus receive no support from science,even though a classification of races can be scientifically useful.Lay people sometimes put more faith in the concept of race than scientists do,perhaps because they believe they can quite easily identify a person's race or even nationality.But it's not that easy:our correspondent from Le Vesinet,for example,identified some of the people in our recent feature ("Genes in Black and White")as Australian,Sicilian,Sumatran and Brazilian. In fact,they came from Sweden,Greece,the Central African Republic and Russia.61、The phrase"steamed up"underlined in Paragraph1means______.A.vaporizedB.interestedC.agitatedD.scared62、Before the18th century,the word"race"was used______.A.to describe the people of common origin and cultureB.by anthropologists for classifications of racesC.to indicate the hierarchy of different groupsD.rarely by ordinary people63、Some Western colonizers thought that they were______.A.arrogantB.weakC.inferiorD.superior64、The classification of races by famous18th-and19th-century scientists were______.efulB.hierarchicalC.valuableD.significant65、The Darwinian evolution and the emergence of genetics helped to______.A.promote the notion of a league tableB.get rid of the notion of a league tableC.establish the UNESCOD.arrange groups hierarchically66、The classifications of races by anthropologists are useful in that they ______.A.divide people into different groupsB.help to define prehistoric human movementsC.contribute to language distributionD.provide tools for the study of prehistoric human movements67、Anthropologists'classifications are sometimes misleading because they ______.A.imply fundamental differences between groupsB.refine the reconstruction of prehistoric human movementsC.do not imply the basic differences between groupsD.tell nothing about the influence of local climate68、Compared with differences between individuals within a group,the differences between groups are______.A.much greaterB.smallerC.more importantD.not clearly defined69、Racism receives little support from science because______.A.a classification of races can be scientifically usefulB.an individual's ability is determined by his or her raceC.the spread of variation within a race is largerD.the notion of racism has already become insignificant70、Which of the following is the appropriate title of the passage?______A.How to Get Rid of RacismB.New ScientistC.The Concept of RaceD.Reasons for RacismNow online provision is transforming higher education,giving the best universities a chance to widen their catch,opening new opportunities for the agile,and threatening doom for the slow and average.The roots are decades old.Britain's Open University started teaching via radio and television in 1971.MIT and others have been posting lectures on the Internet for a decade.But the change in2012has been electrifying.Two start-ups,both spawned by Stanford University,are recruiting students at an astonishing rate for "massive open online courses"or MOOCs.In January,Sebastian Thrun,a computer-science professor there,announced the launch of Udacity.It started to offer courses the next month-a nanosecond by the standards of old-style university decision-making.In April,two of Mr.Thrun's ex-colleagues launched a rival,Coursera.At first,it offered online courses from four universities.By August,it had signed up1million students,now boasting over2million.Harvard and MIT announced they would launch edX,a non-profit venture.Other schools have joined,too.One spur is economic and political pressure to improve productivity in higher education.The cost per student in the U.S.has risen at almost five times the rate of inflation since1983.For universities beset by heavy debts, smaller taxpayer subsidies and a cyclical decline in enrollment,online courses mean better tuition,higher graduation rates and lower-cost degrees. New technology also gives the innovative a chance to shine against their rivals.MOOCs are more than good university lectures available online.The real innovation comes from integrating academic talks with interactive coursework, such as automated tests,quizzes and even games.Real-life lectures have no pause,rewind(or fast-forward)buttons;MOOCs let students learn at their own pace,typically with short,engaging videos.The cost of the courses canbe spread over huge numbers of students.MOOCs enrich education for worldwide students,especially the cash-strapped,and those dissatisfied with what their own colleges are offering.But for others,especially in poor countries, online education opens the door to yearning for opportunities.Some of Europe's best schools are determinedly unruffled.Oxford says that MOOCs"will not prompt it to change anything",adding that it"does not see them as revolutionary in anything other than scale".Cambridge even says it is"nonsense"to see MOOCs as a rival;it is"not in the business of online education".Such universities are likely to continue to attract the best(and richest)applicants who want personal tuition and the whiff of research in the air.For these places,MOOCs are chiefly a marketing opportunity.To compete head-on with established providers,MOOCs must not just teach but also provide credible qualifications.The vast majority of Coursera, Udacity and edX offerings do not provide a degree.This may be one reason for MOOCs'high dropout rates.Another worry is that online tests are open to cheating and plagiarism.Peer grading even if honest,may be flawed.71、______was the first to offer the open lectures.A.HarvardB.MITC.Britain's Open UniversityD.Stanford University72、The word"MOOCs"underlined in Paragraph2is______.A.a shortened version of"massive online open courses"B.abbreviated from"massive open online courses"C.another type of open classroom coursesD.equivalent to flipped classroom teaching73、From Paragraph1,we can know that______.A.online education programs spring up like mushroomsB.Udacity,Coursera and edX are not rivalsC.other schools have joined Stanford and HarvardD.Online courses are offered by non-profit universities74、Universities embracing new technology in launching online courses DON'T consider______.A.better tuitionB.more innovationsC.lower-cost degreesD.higher graduation rates75、Compared with real-life lectures,MOOCs are offered to______.A.allow students to pause during academic talksB.encourage students to rewind the buttons to track the tapesC.enable students to learn in their classrooms with videosD.integrate academic talks with interactive coursework76、Paragraph5indicates that some of the best European universities______.A.cannot remain calm in the face of MOOCsB.regard MOOCs as a revolution in higher educationC.prefer traditional education to online provisionsD.attract the best applicants to challenge online courses77、The phrase"a marketing opportunity"underlined in Paragraph5suggests ______.A.some universities use MOOCs as a publicity facility onlyB.students can obtain their degrees with the lowest costsC.MOOCs,as any other online courses,mean better tuitionD.MOOCs can reduce financial pressure on the universities78、The MOOCs'dropout rate is high because______.A.they lose to the established providersB.they don't allow students to cheat in online testsC.they are not aware of the importance of qualificationsD.most courses offered don't provide degrees79、The phrase"peer grading"underlined in the last paragraph means______.A.the honesty of studentsB.the flaws in students'charactersC.students'assessment of their classmatesD.students of the same age and social status80、The passage implies that online courses are______.A.transforming higher educationB.creating new opportunities for the bestC.bringing some problems to the rest of studentsD.helping improve traditional classroom instructionThe world is on the cusp of a staggering rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before.Over the next20years,the global population of those aged65or more will almost double,from600million to 1.1billion.The experience of the20th century,when greater longevity translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work,has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth and"secular stagnation",while the swelling ranks of pensioners will bust government budgets.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend,the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in the U.S.,where well-educated baby-boomers are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out the workforce.This trend will benefit not just fortunate oldies but also,in some ways, society as a whole.Growth will slow less dramatically than expected; government budgets will be in better shape,as high earners pay taxes longer. Rich countries with lots of well-educated older people will find the burden of ageing easier to bear than other countries,where half of all50-to-64-year-olds did not complete primary-school education.At the other end of the social scale,however,things look grim.Manual work gets harder as people get older,and public pensions look more attractive to those on low wages and the unemployed.Nor are all the effects on the economy beneficial.Wealthy old people willaccumulate more savings,which will weaken demand.Inequality will increase and a growing share of wealth will eventually be transferred to the next generation via inheritance,entrenching the division between winners and losers still further.One likely response is to impose higher inheritance taxes.So long as they replace less-fair taxes,that might make sense.This would probably encourage old people to spend their cash rather than salt it away.But governments should focus not on redistributing income but on generating more of it by reforming retirement and education.How likely are governments to make these changes?Look around the rich world today,and it is hard to be optimistic.The swelling ranks of older voters,and their disproportionate propensity to vote,have left politicians keener to pander to them than to implement disruptive reforms.Germany,despite being the fastest-ageing country in Europe,plans to cut the statutory retirement age for some people.In the U.S.,both social security(the public pension scheme)and the fast-growing system of disability benefits remain untouched by reform.Politicians need to convince less-skilled older voters that it is in their interests to go on working.Doing so will not be easy. But the alternative-economic stagnation and even greater inequality-is worse.81、The word"staggering"underlined in Paragraph1means______.A.swayingB.unstableC.zigzaggingD.astounding82、Observers believe that the rise in the number of old people will NOT______.A.affect the longevity of the elderlyB.bust government budgetsC.lead to secular stagnationD.slow down economic growth83、There is a new trend in the U.S.,where______.A.there appears a baby boomB.more younger unskilled people are unemployedC.more older skilled people are working longerD.both B and C84、Which of the following notions tends to be ignored as a new trend?______A.The big gap between the well-educated and the undereducated.B.The wide gap between male and female workers.C.The widening gap between the skilled and the unskilled.D.The growing gap between the working young and the idle old.85、The new trend may also benefit society,for______.A.economic growth will slow down as expectedB.high-earning old people pay taxes longerernment budgets will be in the redernments encourage early retirement86、Rich countries find the burden of ageing easier to bear because their aged people______.A.may pay less taxesB.may enjoy early retirement。

历年英语翻译资格三级笔译实务英译汉真题（网友）回忆一：英国古迹“巨石阵”维修工程因财政预算推迟TONEHENGE, England — The prehistoric monument of Stonehenge stands tall in the British countryside as one of the last remnants of the Neolithic Age. Recently it has also become the latest symbol of another era： the new fiscal austerity.Renovations — i ncluding a plan to replace the site’s run-down visitors center with one almost five times bigger and to close a busy road that runs along the 5,000-year-old monument — had to be mothballed in June. The British government had suddenly withdrawn ￡10 million, or $16 million, in financing for the project as part of a budget squeeze.Stonehenge, once a temple with giant stone slabs aligned in a circle to mark the passage of the sun, is among the most prominent victims of the government’s spending cuts. The decision was heavily criticized by local lawmakers,especially because Stonehenge, a UnescoWorld Heritage site, was part of London’s successful bid to host the 2020 Olympic Games.The shabby visitors center there now is already too small for the 950,000 people who visit Stonehenge each year, let alone the additional onslaught of tourists expected for the Games, the lawmakers say.“It’s a disgrace,” said Ian West, a Wiltshire councilor. “The visitor facilities are definitely not fitfor purpose.”(这个段没有)Alan Brown, who was visiting from Australia this week, agreed. “They should really treat this site as the best prehistoric site,” Mr. Brown said. “There is so much more they could do to improve it.”(这个段没有)Stonehenge is the busiest tourist attraction inB ritain’s southwest, topping even Windsor Castle. But no major improvements have been made to the facilities there since they were built 40 years ago.For now, portable toilets lead from a crammed parking lot, via a makeshift souvenir shop in a tent, to a ticket office opposite a small kioskthat sells coffee and snacks.The overhaul was scheduled for next spring. Plans by the architectural firm Denton Corker Marshall would keep the stone monument itself unchanged. But the current ticketoffice and shop would be demolished and a new visitors center would be built on the other side of the monument, about two and a half kilometers, or 1.5 miles, from the stones.The center would include a shop almost five times the size of the current one, a proper restaurant, three times as many parking spots and an exhibition space to provide more information about Stonehenge’s history.A transit system would shuttle visitors between the center and the stones while footpaths would encouragetourists to walk to the monument and explore the surrounding burial hills. The closed road would be grassed over to improve the surrounding landscape.Last year, the ￡27 million project won the backing of former Prime Minister Gordon Brown. After more than 25 years of bickering with local communities about how and where to build the new center, planning permission was granted in January. Construction was supposed to start next year and be completed in time for the Olympics — but the economic downturn has changed those plans.The new prime minister, David Cameron, has reversed many of his predecessor’s promises as part of a program to cut more than ￡99 billion annually over the next five years to help close a gaping budget deficit. The financing for Stonehenge fell in the first round of cuts, worth about ￡6.2 billion, from the budget for the current year, along with support for a hospital and the British Film Institute.“We are frustrated and disappointed,” Peter Carson, head of Stonehenge, said, standing in a windowless office at the site surrounded by boxes filled with toys and other souvenirs from the gift shop. It is now unclear whether someone else may step in to pay for the new visitorscenter.(这个段没有)English Heritage, a partly government-financed organization that owns Stonehenge and more than 400 other historic sites in the country, is now aggressively lookingfor private donations. But the economic downturn has made the endeavor more difficult.Gary Norman, a tourist from Phoenix, said it was obvious that the visitors center was too small, but he acknowledged that “right now, with a global recession, ￡10 million is a lot of money.”(这个段没有)。

2016年上半年笔译三级综合能力真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary and Grammar 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze TestPART 1 V ocabulary and Grammar (25 points)This part consists of three sections. Read the directions for each section before answering the questions. The time for this part is 25 minutes.SECTION 1 V ocabulary SelectionIn the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer.1．Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing” for human beings is a question that______of a wide solution.A．requiresB．needsC．admitsD．seeks正确答案：C解析：(1)句子结构。

本句主要结构为SVC，其中whether the extension of…for human beings是主语从句，之后的is为系动词，the question是主语补语，其后的that从句为question的定语。

2016年5月翻译资格三级英语口译实务真题Part 1 Dialogue InterpretingA: Have you heard the term square dance.老年人早晚会跳，背景音乐是老歌或者是流行欢快的乐曲。

B: 现在中国很普遍，不需要花费大量时间学，只要跟着他人一起跳就行。

A: It becomes aunique phenomenon in China. I can always see a group of old people dancingoutside in my community through my window. But different people have differentopinion about it. Some complaint about the loud noise.B: 当找不到合适的公园和公共场合时人们只能在小区里跳舞，这对老年人的身体健康有利，也可以让他们结交朋友，而且不同的人有不同的需求，不能阻止。

所以要解决这一问题很难。

A: 认为政府应该出台相关政策规定音量。

Scientistsfrom Fudan University have invented an instrument to reduce the noise generatedby square dancing. 适合人们听力接受能力范围的音量。

但是我觉得这个规定会经过很长时间才能生效。

Part 2 English to Chinese InterpretingThank you very much for giving my this opportunity to explain my project. Ourproject is about Chinese dialect. Why do we decide to choose this topic? Well,it all came naturally. China has a lot of dialects and ………当地人用当地方言记录他们的事迹，我们的网站从2013年四月起开始运行，至今已经有1000多人上传了他们的音频，他们讲述了他们自己的故事，话题很多，如喜欢的中国名人。

2016年三级笔译答案【篇一：2016年5月catti三级笔译真题】ss=txt>原文：holding back the saharasenegal helps plant a great green wall to fend off the desertby diana s. powersnov. 18, 2014continue reading the main story share this pagewomen working in a drip-irrigated garden in widou thiengoly, senegal. credit umi 3189widou thiengoly, senegal — old people in widou thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldn’t see the sky.now, miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern senegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. dried animal dung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is.overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the sahara’s advance, said gilles boetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of french scientists working with senegalese researchers in the region.“the local peul people are herders, often nomadic. but the pressure of the herds on the land has become too great,” mr. boetsch said in a n interview. “the vegetation can’t regenerate itself.”since 2008, however, senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is th e country’s segment of a major pan-african regeneration project, the great green wall.first proposed in 2005, the program links senegal and 10 other saharan states in an alliance to plant a 15 kilometer-wide,7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the desert.while many countries have still to start on their sections of the barrier, senegal has taken the lead, with the creation of a national agency for the great green wall.photoa tree nursery for the great green wall in widou thiengoly, senegal. credit arnaud spani“this semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. we want to make it possible for people to continue to live here,”col. pap sarr, the agency’s technical director, said in an interview here. colonel sarr has forged working alliances between senegalese researchers and the french team headed by mr. boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology, medicine and anthropology.“in senegal we hope to experiment with different ways of doing things that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,” the colonel said.each year since 2008, from may to june, about 400 people are employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting. in august, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants, allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long, dry season sets in.newly planted trees are protected from hungry animals by fencing for six years — time for their roots to reach down to groundwater and their branches to grow higher than the animals can reach. unplanted strips protect the parcels from forest fire and provide passageways for herders’ livestock.in especially harsh years, when there is nothing left for herds to eat and too many animals starve, the protected parcels are opened up as an emergency forage bank, a flexibility that has won local acceptance of the project.six indigenous tree species were chosen by local people and the scientists for their hardiness and their economic uses. among them, acacia senegal can be tapped for its gum arabic, a stabilizer and emulsifying agent, widely used in soft drinks, confectionery, paints and other products. the desert date, balanites aegyptiacus, is used for food, forage, cooking oil, folk medicine and in cosmetics. many of the uses of these plants are still being explored by researchers.after their first dry season, the saplings look dead, brown twigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80 percent survive. six years on, trees planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or 10 feet, tall.so far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, have been planted, including 4,000 hectares this summer.“preliminary results show that c lumps of four to eight small trees can have an important impact on temperature,” professorpeiry said in an interview. “the transpiration of the trees creates a microclimate that moderates daily temperature extremes.”“the trees also have an important rol e in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a large rough doormat, halting the sand-laden winds from the sahara,” he added.wildlife is responding to the changes. “migratory birds are reappearing,” mr. boetsch said.the project uses eight groundwater pumping stations built in 1954, before senegal achieved its independence from france in 1960. the pumps fill giant basins that provide water for animals, tree nurseries and gardens where fruit and vegetables are grown.widou has one of the pumping stations, serving nomads and herders who bring as many 25,000 animals a day — cattle, goats, donkeys and horses — from more than 10 miles around to drink at the basin. a drip-irrigated garden covering 7.5 hectares, or nearly 20 acres, is supplied with seeds by colonel sarr’s agency. about 250 women spend a half a day each tending thegarden and learning about horticulture. they grow onions, carrots, potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, lettuce, tamarind, guava, watermelon and many other fruits and vegetables, taking the produce home to eich their families’ traditional diet of milk and millet.colonel sarr said he was looking forward to trying one of the first mangos from young trees in the garden.“in another garden, 30 kilometers away, the first honey will be gathered next year,” he said. “this is just the beginning,” he added. “the garde ns could cover 50 hectares in the future.汉译英部分（摘自《中国的医疗卫生事业白皮书》）健康是促进人的全面发展的必然要求。

英语翻译三级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（8）(1/1)Section ⅠEnglish Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese .第1题Tourism, Globalization and Sustainable DevelopmentTourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the global economy and developing countries are attempting to cash in on this expanding industry in an attempt to boost foreign investment and financial reserves. While conceding that the uncontrolled growth of this industry can result in serious environmental and social problems, the United Nations contends that such negative effects can be controlled and reduced.Before getting into the cold facts of global economics, let me begin with another story to warm up. I was perplexed when I recently read in the newspaper that Thailand´s forestry chief had said: "Humans can´t live in the forest because human beings aren´t animals. Unlike us, animals can. adapt themselves to the wild or any environment naturally." This was to legitimatize the government´s plan to remove hundreds of thousands of rural and hill tribe people from protected areas. This man, who is in charge of conserving the forests, is at the same time very strongly pushing to open up the country´s 81 national parks to outside investors and visitors in the name of "eco-tourism". Can we conclude, then, that the forestry chief considers developers and tourists as animals that know how to adapt to the forest and behave in the wild naturally?While authorities want to stop the access to forest lands and natural resources of village people, another group of people -- namely tourism developers and tourists with lots of money to spend -- are set to gain access to the area. While authorities believe that local people, who have often lived in the area for generations, are not capable of managing and conserving their land and natural resources -- under a community forestry scheme for example -- they believe they themselves in cooperation with the tourist industry can properly manage and conserve "nature" under a national eco-tourism plan. Taking the above quote seriously, cynics may be tempted to say there is obviously a gap between "human rights" and "animal fights".How is this story linked to globalization? First of all, that humans cannot live in the forest is -- of course -- not a Thai concept. It is a notion of Western conservation ideology -- an outcome of the globalization of ideas and perceptions. Likewise, that eco-tourism under a "good management" system is beneficial to local people and nature is also a Western concept that is being globalized. In fact, Thailand´s forestry chief thinks globally and acts locally. A lesson that can be learned from this is that the slogan "Think Globally, Act Locally" that the environmental movements have promoted all the years, has not necessarily served to preserve the environment and safeguard local communities´ rights, but has been co-opted and distorted by official agencies and private industries for profit-making purposes. The tourism industry is demonstrating this all too well Many developing countries, facing debt burdens and worsening trade terms, have turned to tourism promotion in the hope that it brings foreign exchange and investment. Simultaneously, leading international agencies such as the World Bank, United Nations agencies and business organizations like the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) have been substantially involved to make tourism a truly global industry.However, tourism in developing countries is often viewed by critics as an extension of former colonial conditions because from the very beginning, it has benefited from international economic relationships that structurally favor the advanced capitalist countries in the North.Unequal trading relationships, dependence on foreign interests, and the division of labor have relegated poor countries in the South to becoming tourism recipients and affluent countries in the North to the position of tourism generators, with the latter enjoying the freedom from having to pay the price for the meanwhile well-known negative impacts in destinations. _____下一题(1/1)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationTranslate the following passage into English .第2题中国加入WTO对国内汽车工业的影响中国的汽车工业大致可以分为两部分：中方独资公司和跨国公司控股的中国公司。

英语翻译三级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（16）(1/1)Section ⅠEnglish Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese .第1题This month, the United Nations Development Program made water and sanitation the centerpiece of its flagship publication, the Human Development Report.Claims of a "water apartheid," where poor people pay more for water than the rich, are bound to attract attention. But what are the economics behind the problem, and how can it be fixed? In countries that have trouble delivering clean water to their people, a lack of infrastructure is often the culprit. People in areas that are not served by public utilities have to rely on costlier ways of getting water, such as itinerant water trucks and treks to wells. Paradoxically, as the water sources get costlier, the water itself tends to be more dangerous. Water piped by utilities—to the rich and the poor alike—is usually cleaner than water trucked in or collected from an outdoor tank.The problem exists not only in rural areas but even in big cities, said Hakan Bjorkman, program director of the UN agency in Thailand. Further, subsidies made to local water systems often end up benefiting people other than the poor, he added.The agency proposes a three-step solution. First, make access to 20 liters, or 5 gallons, of clean water a day a human right. Next, make local governments accountable for delivering this service. Last, invest in infrastructure to link people to water mains. The report says governments, especially in developing countries, should spend at least 1 percent of gross domestic product on water and sanitation. It also recommends that foreign aid be more directed toward these problems. Clearly, this approach relies heavily on government intervention, something Bjorkman readily acknowledged. But there are some market-based approaches as well.By offering cut-rate connections to poor people to the water mainline, the private water utility in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, has steadily increased access to clean water, according to the agency´s report. A subsidy may not even be necessary, despite the agency´s proposals, if a country can harness the economic benefits of providing clean water.People who receive clean water are much less likely to die from water-borne diseases—a common malady in the developing world—and much more likely to enjoy long, productive, taxpaying lives that can benefit their host countries. So if a government is trying to raise financing to invest in new infrastructure, it might find receptive ears in private credit markets—as long as it can harness the return. Similarly, private companies may calculate that it is worth bringing clean water to an area if its residents are willing to pay back the investment over many years.In the meantime, some local solutions are being found. In Thailand, Bjorkman said, some small communities are taking challenges like water access upon themselves. "People organize themselves in groups to leverage what little resources they have to help their communities," he said. "That´s especially true out in the rural areas. They invest their money in revolving funds and saving schemes, and they invest themselves to improve their villages." It is not always easy to take these solutions and replicate them in other countries, though, Assembling a broad menu of different approaches can be the first step in finding the right solution for a given region or country.______________下一题(1/1)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationTranslate the following passage into English .第2题即使遇到丰收年景，对中国来说，要用世界7%的耕地养活全球1/5的人口仍是一项艰巨的任务。

2016年5月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译真题及答案试题部分：Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) Translate the following passage into Chinese.LECCO, Italy — Each morning, about 450 students travel along 17 school bus routes to 10 elementary schools in this lakeside city at the southern tip of Lake Como. There are zero school buses.In 2003, to confront the triple threats of childhood obesity, local traffic jams and —most important —a rise in global greenhouse gases abetted by car emissions, an environmental group here proposed a retro-radical concept: children should walk to school.They set up a piedibus (literally foot-bus in Italian) —a bus route with a driver but no vehicle. Each morning a mix of paid staff members and parental volunteers in fluorescent yellow vests lead lines of walking students along Lecco’s twisting streets to the schools’ gates, Pied Piper-style, stopping here and there as their flock expands.At the Carducci School, 100 children, or more than half of the students, now take walking buses. Many of them were previously driven in cars. Giulio• Greppi, a 9-year-old with shaggy blond hair, said he had been driven about a third of a mile each way until he started taking the piedibus. “I get to see my friends and we feel special because we know it’s good for the environment,” he said.Although the routes are each generally less than a mile, the town’s piedibuses have so far eliminated more than 100,000 miles of car travel and, in principle, prevented thousands of tons of greenhouse gases from entering the air, Dario Pesenti, the town’s environment auditor, estimates.The number of children who are driven to school over all is rising in the United States and Europe, experts on both continents say, making up a sizable chunk of transportation’s contribution to greenhouse-gas emissions. The “school run” made up 18 percent of car trips by urban residents of Britain last year, a national survey showed.In 1969, 40 percent of students in the United States walked to school; in 2001, the most recent year data was collected, 13 percent did, according to the federal government’s National Household Travel Survey. Lecco’s walking bus was the first in Italy, but hundreds have cropped up elsewhere in Europe and, more recently, in North America to combat the trend.Towns in France, Britain and elsewhere in Italy have created such routes, although few are as extensive and long-lasting as Lecco’s.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) Translate the following passage into English.全球气候变化深刻影响着人类生存和发展，是各国共同面临的重大挑战。

2015 年 5 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷Section1For generations, coal has been the lifeblood of this mineral-rich stretch of eastern Utah. Mining families proudly recall all the years they toiled underground. Supply companies line the town streets. Above the road that winds toward the mines, a soot-smudged miner peers out from a billboard with the slogan “Coal = Jobs.”对这个地处犹他州东部、矿产丰富的地区而言，煤炭在过去几代人的眼里一直都是这个地区的生命线/经济命脉。

每当回忆起作为矿工在地下采煤的岁月时，每个家庭都会感到无比自豪。

大街的煤炭供应公司栉比鳞次/鳞次栉比。

在蜿蜒通向矿区的马路上方，可见一处广告牌，上面除了有句“煤炭=工作”的口号，还有位满身烟灰的矿工正凝视着前方。

But recently, fear has settled in. The state’s oldest coal-fired power plant, tucked among the canyons near town, is set to close, a result of new, stricter federal pollution regulations.但是最近，人们开始担忧起来。

由于新的联邦污染防治法规更加严格，位于县郊（译者注：根据本文倒数第二段该地区实为卡本县，这里的town 指的就是卡本县，所以此处译为县郊。

）峡谷之中的犹他州历史最久的燃煤电厂即将关闭。

2008年5月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试三级笔译实务Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译汉)Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 180 minutes. Europe Pushes to Get Fuel From FieldsARDEA, Italy — The previous growing season, this lush coastal field near Rome was filled with rows of delicate durum wheat, used to make high-quality pasta. Today it overflows with rapeseed, a tall, gnarled weedlike plant bursting with coarse yellow flowers that has become a new manna for European farmers: rapeseed can be turned into biofuel.Motivated by generous subsidies to develop alternative energy sources — and a measure of concern about the future of the planet —Europe’s farmers are beginning to grow crops that can be turned into fuels meant to produce fewer emissions than gas or oil. They are chasing their counterparts in the Americas who have been raising crops for biofuel for more than five years.“This is a much-needed boost to our economy, our farms,” said Marcello Pini, 50, a farmer, standing in front of the rapeseed he planted for the first time. “Of course, we h ope it helps the environment, too.”In March, the European Commission, disappointed by the slow growth of the biofuels industry, approved a directive that included a “binding target” requiring member countries to use 10 percent biofuel for transport by 2020 — the most ambitious and specific goal in the world.Most European countries are far from achieving the target, and are introducing incentives and subsidies to bolster production.As a result, bioenergy crops have replaced food as the most profitable crop in several European countries. In this part of Italy, for example, the government guarantees the purchase of biofuel crops at 22 Euros for 100 kilograms, or $13.42 for 100 pounds — nearly twice the 11 to 12 Euros for 100 kilograms of wheat on the open market in 2006. Better still, farmers can plant biofuel crops on “set aside” fields, land that Europe’s agriculture policy would otherwise require be left fallow.But an expert panel convened by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization pointed out that the biofuels boom produces benefits as well as trade-offs and risks — including higher and wildly fluctuating food prices. In some markets, grain prices have nearly doubled.“At a time when agricultural prices are low, in comes biofuel and improves the lot of farmers and injects life into rural areas,” said Gustavo Best, an expert at the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. “But as the scale grows and the demand for biofuel crops seems to be infinite, we’re seeing some negative effects and we need to hold up a yellow light.”Josette Sheeran, the new head of the United Nations World Food program, which fed nearly 90 million people in 2006, said that biofuels created new problems. “An i ncrease in grain prices impacts us because we are a major procurer of grain for food,” she said. “So biofuels are both a challenge and an opportunity.”In Europe, the rapid conversion of fields that once grew wheat or barley to biofuel crops like rapeseed is already leading to shortages of the ingredients for making pasta and brewing beer, suppliers say. That could translate into higher prices in supermarkets.“New and increasing demand for bi oenergy production has put high pressure on the whole world grain market,” said Claudia Conti, a spokesman for Barilla, one of the largest Italian pasta makers.“Not only German beer producers, but Mexican tortilla makers have see the cost of their main ra w material growing quickly to historical highs.”Some experts are more worried about the potential impact to low-income consumers. In the developing world, the shift to more lucrative biofuel crops destined for richer countries could create serious hunger and damage the environment if wild land is converted to biofuel cultivation, the agriculture panel concluded.But officials at the European Commission say they are pursuing a measured course that will prevent some of the price and supply problems seen in American markets.In a recent speech, Mariann Fischer Boel, the European agriculture and rural development commissioner, said that the 10 percent target was “not a shot in the dark,” but was carefully chosen to encourage a level of growth for the biofuel industry that would not produce undue hardship for Europe’s poor.She calculated that this approach would push up would raw material prices for cereal by 3 percent to 6 percent by 2020, while prices for oilseed might rise 5 percent to 18 percent. But food prices on the shelves would barely change, she said.Yet even as the European program begins to harvest biofuels in greater volume, homegrown production is still far short of what is needed to reach the 10 percent goal: Europe’s farmers produced an estimated 2.9 billion liters, or 768 million gallons, of biofuel in 2004, far shy of the 3.4 billion gallons generated in the United States in the period. In 2005, biofuel accounted for around 1 percent of Europe’s fuel, according to European statistics, with almos t all of that in Germany and Sweden. The biofuel share in Italy was 0.51 percent, and in Britain, 0.18 percent.That could pose a threat to European markets as foreign producers like Brazil or developing countries like Indonesia and Malaysia try to ship their biofuels to markets where demand, subsidies and tax breaks are the greatest.Ms. Fischer Boel recently acknowledged that Europe would have to import at least a third of what it would need to reach its 10 percent biofuels target. Politicians fear that could hamper development of a local industry, while perversely generating tons of new emissions as “green” fuel is shipped thousands of kilometers across the Atlantic, instead of coming from the farm next door.Such imports could make biofuel far less green in other ways as well — for example if Southeast Asian rainforest is destroyed for cropland.Brazil, a country with a perfect climate for sugar cane and vast amounts of land, started with subsidies years ago to encourage the farming of sugarcane for biofu els, partly to take up “excess capacity” in its flagging agricultural sector.The auto industry jumped in, too. In 2003, Brazilian automakers started producing flex-fuel cars that could run on biofuels, including locally produced ethanol. Today, 70 percent of new cars in the country are flex-fuel models, and Brazil is one of the largest growers of cane for ethanol.Analysts are unsure if the Brazilian achievement can be replicated in Europe — or anywhere else. Sugar takes far less energy to convert to biofuel than almost any product.Yet after a series of alarming reports on climate change, the political urgency to move faster is clearly growing.With an armload of incentives, the Italian government hopes that 70,000 hectares, or 173,000 acres, of land will be planted with biofuel crops in 2007, and 240,000 hectares in 2010, up from zero in 2006.Mr. Pini, the farmer, has converted about 25 percent of his land, or 18 hectares, including his “set aside” land, to Europe’s fastest-growing biofuel crop, rapeseed. He still has 50 hectares in grain and 7 in olives.He has discovered other advantages as well. In Italy’s finicky food culture, food crops haveto look good and be high quality to sell— a drought or undue heat can mean an off year. Crops for fuel, in contrast, can be ugly or stunted.“You need fewer seeds and it’s much easier to grow,” he said.英译汉参考答案欧洲竞相从农田获取燃料阿尔代亚，意大利——上个生长季节，罗马近郊植物葱茏的靠海农田，遍布成排的纤细的硬质小麦，过去用于制作高品质意粉。

2016.5英语三级笔译实务真题及答案【Section 1】English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.Old people in Widou Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldn’t see the sky. Now, miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern Senegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is.Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the Sahara’s advance, said Gilles Boetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientists working with Senegalese researchers in the region. “The local Peul people are herders, often nomadic. But the pressure of the herds on the land has become too great,”Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “The vegetation can’t regenerate itself.”Since 2008, however, Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is the country’s segment of a major pan-African regeneration project, the Great Green Wall. First proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10 other Saharan states in an alliance to plant a 15 kilometer-wide, 7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the desert. While many countries have still to start on their sections of the barrier, Senegal has taken the lead, with the creation of a National Agency for the Great Green Wall.“This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible for people to continue to live here,”Col. Pap Sarr, the agency’s technical director, said in an interview here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers and the French team headed by Mr. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology, medicine and anthropology. “In Senegal we hope to experiment with different ways of doing things that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,”the colonel said. Each year since 2008, from May to June, about 400 people are employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting. In August, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants, allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long, dry season sets in.After their first dry season, the saplings look dead, brown twigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80 percent survive. Six years on, trees planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or 10 feet, tall. So far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, have been planted, including 4,000 hectares this summer. There are already discernible impacts on the microclimate, said Jean-Luc Peiry, a physical geography professor at the UniversitéBlaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand, France, who has placed 30 sensors to record temperatures in some planted parcels.“Preliminary results show that clumps of four to eight small trees can have an important impact on temperature,”Professor Peiry said in an interview. “The transpiration of the trees creates a microclimate that moderates daily temperature extremes.”“The trees also have an important role in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a large rough doormat, halting the sand-laden winds from the Sahara,”he added. Wildlife is responding to the changes. “Migratory birds are reappearing,”Mr. Boetsch said.The project uses eight groundwater pumping stations built in 1954, before Senegal achieved its independence from France in 1960. The pumps fill giant basins that provide water for animals, tree nurseries and gardens where fruit and vegetables are grown.【参考译文】在蒂昂戈利(Thiengoly)，老人们常说起过去树木繁多、遮天蔽日的景象。

2016年下半年笔译三级综合能力真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary and Grammar 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze TestPART 1 V ocabulary and Grammar (25 points)This part consists of three sections. Read the directions for each section before answering the questions. The time for this part is 25 minutes.SECTION 1 V ocabulary SelectionIn the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer.1．Many people find Stanley Jordan’s music entertaining. Listening to it helps them to relax and to______the tensions they feel at the end of the day.A．alterB．alleviateC．allureD．alternate正确答案：B解析：(1)句子结构。

题干有两个句子，句子结构都是主动宾补(SVOC)，其中第一句中形容词entertaining作宾语Stanley Jordan’s music的补语，对宾语进行补充说明。

2016年下半年口译三级实务真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Dialogue 2. English-Chinese Translation 3. Chinese-English TranslationPART 1 Dialogue (20 points, 10 minutes)Listen to the following dialogue and interpret it as required. After you hear a sentence or a short passage in Chinese, interpret it into English by speaking to the microphone. And after you hear an English sentence or a short passage, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the dialogue only ONCE. Now let’s begin.听力原文：A: When I knew I was going to be working in Beijing, I was a little nervous as I didn’t know the first thing about living in China. My friends suggested that I use WeChat, a social media platform that almost every Chinese person uses. I didn’t know how to use it, but I quickly downloaded the app on my cellphone. And guess what? I soon realized that WeChat has done something brilliant, and I’m now addicted to it. B：我也是啊，日常生活根本离不开微信了。

2016年5月翻译资格三级英语口译实务真题Part 1 Dialogue InterpretingA: Have you heard the term square dance.老年人早晚会跳，背景音乐是老歌或者是流行欢快的乐曲。

B: 现在中国很普遍，不需要花费大量时间学，只要跟着他人一起跳就行。

A: It becomes aunique phenomenon in China. I can always see a group of old people dancingoutside in my community through my window. But different people have differentopinion about it. Some complaint about the loud noise.B: 当找不到合适的公园和公共场合时人们只能在小区里跳舞，这对老年人的身体健康有利，也可以让他们结交朋友，而且不同的人有不同的需求，不能阻止。

所以要解决这一问题很难。

A: 认为政府应该出台相关政策规定音量。

Scientistsfrom Fudan University have invented an instrument to reduce the noise generatedby square dancing. 适合人们听力接受能力范围的音量。

但是我觉得这个规定会经过很长时间才能生效。

Part 2 English to Chinese InterpretingThank you very much for giving my this opportunity to explain my project. Ourproject is about Chinese dialect. Why do we decide to choose this topic? Well,it all came naturally. China has a lot of dialects and ………当地人用当地方言记录他们的事迹，我们的网站从2013年四月起开始运行，至今已经有1000多人上传了他们的音频，他们讲述了他们自己的故事，话题很多，如喜欢的中国名人。

2016下半年三级⼝译真题及答案 ⼝译(⼜称传译)是⼀种翻译活动，顾名思义，是指译员以⼝语的⽅式，将译⼊语转换为译出语的⽅式，做⼝语翻译.下⾯是店铺分享的三级⼝译考试真题及答案，希望能帮到⼤家! 英译汉： Today, I will talk about China, the United Nations and our world. As you know, I grew up in wartime Korea. My family was very poor, but we had something better than gold. We are also very hungry and thirsty for education. One of the most important guidelines for me was the Confucian tradition. My parents taught me to study hard, to work for other people, work for the public good. in 1962, when I was still a teenager, I was very lucky to be invited to the United States for a Red Cross meeting. I had an extraordinary honour of meeting President John F. Kennedy. 今天，我想谈谈中国，联合国以及我们的世界。

⼤家知道，我在韩国战争时期长⼤。

我的家庭很贫困，但我拥有的东西⽐黄⾦更加珍贵。

我们渴望获得教育。

对我来说，儒家思想是我最重要的信仰之⼀。

我⽗母教育我要努⼒学习，为他⼈和公众利益服务。

1962年，我⼗⼏岁的时候，有幸受到邀请，参加联合国红⼗字⼤会，特别有幸见到了约翰肯尼迪总统。