新世纪大学英语第二版综合教程一英语课后翻译主编秦秀白蒋静仪

UNIT 1Text Aconduct 进行；实施reveal 揭示，透露according to 根据...所说（所示）make the most of 最大限度利用innate （素质）天生的，天赋的attain〖正式〗（长期努力后）获得，达成academic （大专院校）教学（上）的，学术性的excellence 优秀，卓越principle原则，原理to begin with 首先，第一点priority优先考虑（或照顾）的事compromise做出妥协，折衷解决snack(正餐以外的)小吃，点心in other words 换句话说recreation 娱乐，消遣addition 增加in addition to 除此之外，另外athlete（田径）运动员memorise记住，记下biology 生物学work out (非正式)锻炼，健身interview 对(某人)进行面谈（面试）thrive兴旺，茁壮成长consistency一致性，连贯性factor因素perform履行，实行，完成involve使卷入，牵涉be/get involved in 使某人（某事物）参与某活动动或陷入某情况band(尤指流行音乐的)乐队，乐团track and field 田径运动rugby 橄榄球association协会，社团.debate辩论，辩论会disclose 公开，揭露file 把（文件、信件）汇存起来，把…归档colour-coded用颜色标记的folder文件夹，硬纸夹available可获得的，可用的，可看见的technique(尤指艺术，音乐，文学等方面的)技巧，手法advocate 提倡，主张effectively 有效地retention 记忆(力)，保持，保留lead to 导致schedule排定，把…安排在pace（为避免过于操劳）调整生活节奏和工作进度assignment(分配，指派的)工作，任务project(需费时费力的）项目，规划overwhelm使受不了，使不知所措at hand 即将到来；在手边，在近处polish (通过练习)改进，改善，擦亮procrastinate〖正式〗耽搁，拖延take down 记录revision(功课的)温习，复习jot 匆匆记下jot down 匆匆记下principal〖较正式〗最重要的，主要的，首要的scan 粗略地快看，浏览refresh 使恢复，使振作refresh one’s memory （借助笔记）使自己（某人）想起formula 方法，计划，原则promote提倡，促进，助长lie in 在于on the way to正在获得；正在变成；正在做score 得（分），进(球)context (事情发生的)场合，环境speak up 畅所欲言，清楚地表明看法clarify 澄清，讲清楚，阐明participation 参加，参与demonstrate(以推理或举例等)论证，证明，证实intellectual智力的，需用智力的curiosity 好奇心concisely 简明地，简要地approach 方法，步骤solution解决，解答on one’s own 独立的，无援的illuminate阐明，解释hypothetical (基于)假设的，假定的frame 拟定，制定tentative试验性质的base on 以某事物为另一事物的根据、证据等confirm 证实devise策划，设计employ 使用assign分派，分配，指派undertake承担，接受（责任，工作等）last but not least 最后但并非最不重要的（一点）crucial 决定性的，紧要关头的contribution 贡献，捐助infancy 婴儿期，幼年latter 后者instead of 不仅...反而pressure 压力take pains to do sth 煞费苦心（做）；（为...）费尽心机motivate 激发，激励，使…产生动机impress 使感动，使钦佩deliver 履行（诺言），实现（希望）Text Beconomic 经济学的；经济(上)的；实用的victim 牺牲者，受害者，遭难者(of); 受骗者sum 总数，总计，总额；【数学】和tough 强韧的，弯折不断的；胶黏的web 蜘蛛网；蛛网状东西，网状组织；【纺织；印染】棉[毛]网〔the W-〕【计算机】万维网(＝World Wide Web)classics 最优秀的，(艺术作品等)第一流的；高尚的，优雅的；模范的specific 特殊的；特有的；特定的，专门的obligate 使负(法律上或道义上的)义务，强迫，强制dawn 黎明，拂晓；曙光.开端，发端，端绪，萌芽oversleep (使)睡过头；(使)睡得过久psychologically 心理学(上)的；精神(现象)的peer 贵族;同辈，同等的人;同伴，伙伴economy 经济accumulate 节约,积累，存储，蓄积(财产等)，堆积determination 决心，决意steer 掌(舵)；驾驶(船、车)steer(for towards) 〔主口、诗〕(使)向(某方)行进practical实地的，事实上的，实际上的profession职业，(特指)知识性专门职业fulfill 履行(条约、义务)，遵守，执行(命令等)tension拉紧；伸张。

新世纪大学英语第二版综合教程一课文译文主编秦秀白-蒋静仪优等生的秘诀1 一位研究教育的老师针对成绩优异的学生做过重点研究，发现最聪明的学生不见得总能得高分。

根据这位教授、其他教育专家以及优等生们自己的观点，懂得如何充分发挥自己的潜能对于学生来说更为重要。

2 在班上名列前茅的学生之所以学习优秀，是因为他们掌握了几个人人都可以轻易学到的基本原则。

首先，优等生知道如何决定轻重缓急。

他们从来不会为了打电话、看电视或者吃零食而牺牲学习时间。

换言之，学习总是摆在娱乐之前。

另外，优等生们总是注意随时随地学习。

有位成绩优异的学生同时也是优秀的运动员，每天利用户外训练时间背生物学术语。

而另一位学生则利用每天早上刷牙时间记一个新单词。

所有受访的学生无一例外都认为，在什么时间学习完全是个人偏好问题。

有些人在夜深人静时学习效果最好，有些人则喜欢趁着自己还能清晰地记得上课所讲的内容，一放学回家就开始学习。

尽管如此，所有优等生都一致认为，如果想任何时候都表现优秀，一个主要的因素就是要持之以恒。

3 学生还必须学会有条理。

举个例子，有一位优等生在学校乐队、田径队、橄榄球协会和辩论小组里都很活跃。

他透露，他之所以把东西放得井井有条是因为他浪费不起到处找东西的时间。

还有一位学生喜欢把当天的笔记马上整理出来并放进用不同颜色标记的文件夹里，以便临近考试时能随时用来复习。

优等生们提倡的另一个技巧是有效的阅读，其中包括快速阅读，提高记忆能力以及主动提出问题以便充分理解作者的意思。

4 对于学生们来说，合理安排时间也同样重要。

他们必须懂得如何根据每天的时间表和学习能力来安排做作业和项目的速度，不至于让手头的工作压得喘不过气。

能制定时间表不仅让学生能够腾出更多时间来复习和完善功课，而且还能防止他们拖拖拉拉。

成绩优异的学生认为，他们成功的一大秘诀就是上课时做好笔记，供复习时使用。

有个学生透露，她把从课文上摘抄的内容记在笔记本的一边，把课堂笔记写在另一边。

1)the judge asked the reporters not to disclose the name of the victim.法官要求记者不要公开受害人的姓名(disclose)。

2)The teacher took pains to make sure that we all understood what he said.老师费尽苦心务使我们全都理解他说的话(take pains to do sth)。

3)Recently the school conducted a survey among those students who have attained academic excellence.最近学校在学业优秀的学生中进行了一项调查(conduct attain)。

4)He said he would accept the job,so we have asked him to confirm his acceptance by writing us a letter.他说他要接受这份工作，我们要求他写封信证实(confirm)。

5)George studies very hard. He wants to make the most of his chance to learn.乔治学习很努力，他要尽量利用学习的机会(take the most of)。

6)We can’t go. To begin with, it’s too cold. Beside, we’re busy.我们不能去。

第一，天太冷。

另外我们正忙着(to begin with)。

7)It’s about time that someone spoke up for these basic truths/facts.该是有人公开讲清楚这些基本事实的时候了(speak up)。

8)You should be working instead of lying there in bed at this time of the day.此时此刻你应该工作而不该在床上躺着。

Unit 4 Growing up: Keys to the execise sEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1 Listed in the boxes below are some of the words that you need to be very familiar with. Now work in pairs and make sentences with each of them to see if you have really mastered their usages. You are encouraged to consult a dictionary if you are still not quite sure about their meanings and usages.1) When the father learned about his son’s school performance, he beamed with satisfaction.2) How do people celebrate New Year’s Day in your country?3) What are you complaining about? You have already got everything you want.4) There were 24 people enrolled in the French class.5) The children panicked when they saw the serious look on the teacher’s face.6) When I turned off the TV, all my three kids protested.7) He is too stubborn to admit that he was wrong.8) George is very ambitious about his future though he is just a teenager.9) My son is very good at figures, and he plans to take up Mathematics as his major.10) He got very frustrated when he learned that he had failed the exam again.11) Being a very possessive father, he felt very unhappy when he learned his daughter was going to get married.12) How can you keep your children at home for the whole week? Of course, they willget restless.2 In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.1) She finds herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.2) The two parties finally overcame their differences on the matter of interest rate (利率).3) Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.4) Please let us know if you can attend the meeting scheduled (事先安排) for the coming Thursday.5) She frowned with displeasure as she was reading her son’s school report.6) Students are likely to let their minds wander if the teacher’s lectures are dull and boring.7) I always feel so guilty about not visiting my parents more often, but I do have lots of things to cope with every day.8) The local farmers sustained heavy losses during the flood season.9) The next morning we all went out to survey the damage caused by the fire.10) The sudden appearance of a tiger from the woods terrified us all.11) International students are required to carry medical insurance as a condition of enrollment (注册).12) Adapting to a new culture is no easy task because there are lots of cultural differences to overcome.3 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercises. Change the form where necessary.1) The old man was sick of having arguments all the time with his wife.2) “You really can’t imagine what I have gone through,” Mary said,choking back her tears.3) Compared with growing up in primitive societies, growing up in today’s world is in some ways harder.4) When I first settled into teaching in this small town, I felt very awkward, for my neighbors wanted to know everything about me.5) The boys would give anything / the world to meet that football star.6) Tom rushed into the room when Jane and I were in the midstof a conversation.7) It’s true that his father is a world-famous movie star, but Jack became famous in his own right .8) We didn’t plan it like that but it worked out very well.9) At first he found it extremely hard to fit in with his colleagues at the new company.10) When I was in my teens, I gradually grew apart from my parents, only to realize how wrong I was in my later years.11) I’m sorry to hear that you’re suffering from a severe cold.No wonder you did not turn up at the party yesterday.12) It is not a healthy habit staying up too late.13) I was annoyed with my mother’s tight control over me and ended up shouting at her one day.14) The boy was scared of his mother because she would always scold(责怪) him if he did anything wrong.15) Because of my carelessness, I soon found myself in trouble again and then I realized that what my mother had said was right.16) He is not a very responsible person. For instance , he promised to come to our meeting, but never even responded when we invited him.● Increasi ng Your Word Power1 The words listed in the following box can be used to describe either a teenager or a parent. Go over each word carefully and then choose the right word to complete each sentence.1) He is a very possessive father. He says “no” to all his daughter’s boyfriends.2) A(n) over-protective parent usually weakens his / her child’s belief in his / her ability to solve his / her own problems.3) Are you a(n) frustrated parent whose teenager always makes angry scenes when you try to get him or he r to “just DO something”?4) His possessive mother wants him to ring her 3 times a day at least to keep her informed of what he does at school.5) It is often the case that in a family one parent is usually slightly lenient / strict and the other is slightly strict / lenient .6) Teenagers are rather rebellious as they often prefer to be on their own and refuse to listen to their parents.7) Don’t blame him: he’s just a(n)frustrated teenager who feels that he is unable to find his position in life.8) Don’t blame him for not wanting to stay at home. He is justa restless teenager longing for adventure.9) She used to be a(n) stubborn teenager who thought that whatever she believed was correct.2 Match the verbs in the box with the nouns below so that they form correct collocations. If you are in doubt, consult a dictionary. Put the verbs in the space provided and each verb is to be used only once. Then write down six sentences of your own using the collocations.1) survey the damage 2) sustain dents3) attend a meeting 4) terrify somebody5) wrap presents 6) recall an eventWrite down your own sentences here.1) After surveying the damage, we concluded that it was caused by animals.2) His car sustained dents when it hit the road block.3) The teachers will attend our meeting this afternoon.4) The stern expression on his face terrified me.5) Please wrap the presents carefully.6) When he recalled what happened ten years ago, he still couldn’t help feeling sorry.3 Did you notice the suffixes -ize, -ify in words such as realize, terrify in this unit? The suffixes -ize, -ify can be added to nouns or adjectives to form verbs. Now form verbs by adding -ize or -ify to the words given in the table and write down the Chinese meaning for each verb.Nouns / Adjectives SuffixesVerbsChinese Meaningsbeauty beautify 使美起来；美化just justify 证明…正当；证明…无罪modern modernize 使现代化popular popularize 使大众化；普及，推广pure purify 使纯净；提纯simple -ize/-ify simplify 简化；使简易symbol symbolize 作为…的象征，标志test testify 作证，证明；表明theory theorize 使理论化；从理论上说明4 Complete each of the following sentences with a proper word you have thusformed.1) The procedures have been simplified so that users can operate the system easily.2) The flower baskets and paintings helped to beautify the church.3) The pursuit of good ends does not justify the employment of bad means.4) He decided to testify on behalf of the accused man before the jury(陪审团).5) It is much easier to theorize about a solution than to actually put it into practice.6) The government is making efforts to popularize solar energy industry in response to national energy shortage.7) Research has shown that certain green plants can purify indoor air and regulate humidity.8) Many people deeply sympathized with the victims of the disaster and donated whatever they could to help them out.9) In religion and art, an eagle stands for freedom and strength, while adove symbolizes peace and purity.10) The company has made massive investments in modernizing its assembly line(生产线).Grammar in ContextTask 1: Discuss with a partner and explain whether the highlighted verbs below have different meanings when used transitively or intransitively.1) a. I survived my last years of high school until finally I turned eighteen. (Para. 9, Text A)b. Thousands of people were killed in the disaster, but he survived.a.: vt.;b.: vi., with the same meaning: “did not die”2) a. And so when strangers asked me if I was Doctor Eppley’s son,I replied emphatically, … (Para. 4, Text A)b. I wrote him a letter telling him that I would pay him a visit, andhe replied that he would be glad to see me again.a.: vi. meaning “respond in words”b.: vt. meaning “write back”3) a. And I can manage quite well on my own. (Para. 4, Text A)b. He had been managing the business for six years before it made a profit.a.: vi. meaning “succeed in dealing with sth.”b.: vt. meaning “be in control or in charge of”4) a. I was sixteen years old and the neighbors still called me “Doctor Eppley’sson.” (Para. 3, Text A)b. I’ve got to call at the bank to get some cash.a.: vt. meaning “say or consider that (sb. or sth.) is (sth.)”b.: vi. meaning “pay a brief visit”Task 2: Read the sentences below and decide whether each one contains an error in the use of transitive or intransitive verbs. Put a tick (√) before the sentence that is correct. Put a cross (×) before the incorrect sentence and make corrections in the space given below.×1. The couple argued each other right after they got married and refusedto make up.(argued with each other)×?2. The accident was happened right at this spot.(The accident happened …)×??3. Tommy went to the party and he really enjoyed.(enjoyed it)√??4. John really has green fingers. He grows a variety of beautiful flowersin his garden.√??5. Your mother is critically ill. She may not be able to survive this winter.×?6. The boy did not like the new maid. He shouted her every time shetried to touch him.(shouted at)√?7. Can you imagine that Jack called me a thief?√?8. It is quite late now; let me walk you to the bus stop.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.When I was a child, I was really proud of having a father who was a well respecteddoctor. I b eamed (1) whenever my teachers said that I was set to become anh onorable (2) man like my father. However, all this changed when I grew into a teenager. I felt a wkward (3) that everybody around me only remembered me as Dr. Song’s son. I p rotested (4) and told them that I would prefer to stand on my own two feet. However, my c omplaints (5) were never taken seriously and I continued to hear c ompliments (6) about me, which were really meant for my father. I then grew very s tubborn (7) and even refused to call my father “Dad.” Although my father f rowned (8) whenever I called hi m “Lao Song,” my attitude towards him, as I now r ecall (9), did not change until I had a car accident one day. I hit a young man’s car and p anicked (10) as he threatened to beat me up when I told him I had no car i nsurance (11). When I got off my car ands urveyed (12) the damage, I could not help g roaning (13). Out of fear, I told him “I’m Dr. Song’s son.” At this, a sign of r ecognition (14) lit up his face; he smiled and forgave me. What could have been a very difficult situation turned out to befine just because I was Dr. Song’s son. How thankful I felt towards my father.TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.1) 很多老师不赞同这种做法。

Unit 8 Gender Differences: Keys to the exercisesWords in Action2 In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.1) Some of the government officials have become hooked on power and money.2) Male and female differences are regarded as cultural differences by some sociologists.3) Mr. Smith works in that office block facing north.4) We have barely enough money to last the weekend.5) Eye-witnesses claimed that Jim whipped the horse up to 16 times.6) I felt they hadn’t treated me fairly though they claimed that they treated everyone alike.7) I can’t tolerate your bad manners any longer.8) While his interest in these sports began to wane, a passion for rugby developed.9) I sent them another check of $5000 so as to balance their bank accounts.10) Only 13 percent of the straight-A students are female.11) Do relatives of yours still live and work in that city?12) He is a faithful follower of his home football team.13) Passengers were asked to identify their own suitcases before they were put on the bus.3 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.1) After trudging through the snow for 30 minutes we finally found our way to the remote inn.2) There were too many customers at the hairdresser’s (发廊)that day and I almost finished reading a short novel before I was able to take my turn .3) At the discussion session the girls were so much interested in the topic that the boys could barely get the floor.4) John was not eager for classroom learning, but he hungered for adventures in the rain forest of South America.5) The old man has been trying very hard to hang on to his status as chairman of the board of directors (董事会).6) These trials are simply taking far too long and the public’s interest in them is waning.7) Though the doctor has repeatedly told him to give up smoking, he is still hooked on it.8) She gave away all her money to the poor before she died.9) I’ve talked to him on the phone but I’ve never actually met him face to face.10) She poured her heart out to me yesterday and admitted that she had even thought of committing suicide (自杀).11) When she felt she could trust me, she began to open up.12) Only after many hours of fierce fighting did we begin to get the upper hand.13) He was flooded with letters of congratulations after he won the gold medal.14) The new coach soon whipped the team into line / shape by emphasizing the importance of discipline.●Increasing Your Word Power1 Complete the multiple choice exercise by choosing the righ t answer.1) All the following nouns can form acceptable collocations with the noun GENDER except ________.a.relationsb. differencesc. inequalityd. rolee. character2) All the following adjectives can form acceptable collocations with thenoun IDENTITY except ________.a. falseb. culturalc. inevitabled. truee. mistaken3 All the following verbs can go with the noun STATUS except ________.a. achieveb. controlc. recognized. improvee. acquire4) All the following verbs can go with the noun SYMPATHY except ________.a. transferb. offerc. aroused. expresse. feel5) All the following adjectives can form acceptable collocations with thenoun MESSAGE except ________.a. longb. sarcasticc. urgentd. anxiouse. self-revealing6) All the following adjectives can form acceptable collocations with thenoun COMMAND except ________.a. appropriateb. personalc. completed. militarye. stressful7) All the following adjectives can form acceptable collocations with thenoun EXPERTISE except ________.a. extensiveb. wealthyc. relevantd. necessarye. existing8) All the following verbs can go with the noun ADVICE except ________.a. giveb. seekc. ignored. heede. locateMatch the verbs in the left column with the nouns and phrases in the right column. Put the corresponding letter in the blank following each word.1) type ( c ) a) a bug2) write ( b ) b) a check3) install ( e ) c) a command4) upgrade (d ) d) a computer5) eliminate ( a ) e) a hard drive3 Did you notice the prefixes un-, in-, im-, dis- in words that you have come across from Units 1-8, such as unfamiliar, inescapable, impatient, disrespectful. These prefixes can be used in front of adjectives to produce an opposite meaning.In addition to un-, in-, im-, and dis-, the prefixes il- and ir- also fall into this category. Now complete the following table with the prefixes mentioned above.Adjectives Prefixes Adjectives(with opposite meaning)agreeable dis-/il-/imin-/ir-/un disagreeablecompetent incompetentdependent independentfortunate unfortunatehonorable dishonourablelogical illogicallegal illegalmoral immoralperfect imperfectregular irregularreliable unreliableresponsible irresponsibleComplete each of the following sentences by changing the words given inbrackets into proper forms.1) Some experts hold that it would be immoral (moral) to clone a human being.2) The politician was criticized because of his dishonourable (honour) behaviour.3) In most countries, it is illegal (legal) for doctors to help patient send their lives.4) The computer was unreliable (reliable); it always crashed for one reason or another.5) They have tried every means to escape the disagreeable (agreeable)situation.6) When emotion outweighs (超过；胜过)reason, people are likely tomake illogical (logic) decisions.7) Because he was incompetent (competent) at management, the business ran into debt soon after he took over from his father.8) One of the purposes of education is to cultivate students’ strong sense of responsibility and independent (depend) thinking abilities.9) It would be irresponsible (responsible) of journalists to make up news stories without any investigation.10) All happy families resemble one another, but each unfortunate(fortunate) family is unfortunate (fortunate) in its own way.Grammar in ContextTask 1: Combine each pair of sentences into one containing an adverbial of concession by using the word in brackets.1) a. He would try.b. He fell short of his parents’ expectations.(as)Try as he would, he fell short of his parents’ expectations.2) a. He was tired out after a day of hard work.b. He stayed up late to watch the FIFA World Cup final.(though)Though he was tired out after a day of hard work, he stayed up late to watch theFIFA World Cup final.3) a. I disapprove of what you say.b. I will defend to the death your right to say it.(while)While I disapprove of what you say, I will defend to the death your right to say it.4) a. There is no evidence to suggest that they spread viruses.b. The European Union has banned imports of dairy products from other countries.(even though)Even though there is no evidence to suggest that they spread viruses, the EuropeanUnion has banned imports of dairy products from other countries.5) a. There are visible graphic warnings on cigarette packets.b. Some smokers turn a blind eye to the potential hazards of smoking.(despite) Despite the visible graphic warnings on cigarette packets, some smokers turn a blind eye to the potential hazards of smoking.Task 2: Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English beginning with the word or phrase that has been given.1) He was found guilty of graft (贪污受贿) and corruption (腐败) and was sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment even though(尽管他曾是一位高官).He was found guilty of graft and corruption and was sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment even though he was a high-ranking official.2) People from all walks of life, whether (无论老幼贫富), should extend helping hands to those in the flood-stricken areas.People from all walks of life, whether they are young or old, rich or poor, should extend helping hands to those in the flood-stricken areas.3) No matter (不管道路如何艰险), the future will always be beautiful so long as hope remains.No matter how rough and dangerous the road is, the future will always be beautiful so long as hope remains.4) For all (尽管他成就非凡), he remained modest and humble.For all his remarkable achievements, he remained modest and humble.5) Granted that (即使人工智能已获得重大突破), the computer can never replace the human brain in the long run.Granted that a major breakthrough in artificial intelligence has been achieved, the computer can never replace the human brain in the long run.ClozeComplete the following passage with the words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.Boys and girls learn different ways of behaving, talking, and thinking. These different behaviors reflect differences in g ender (1). In the American culture, boys learn to c ompete (2) with each other in games, trying very hard to win andb oasting (3) about how well they can do things. These behaviors are consideredm asculine (4). People expect boys to act in these ways. On the other hand, girls learn to be f eminine (5). They would rather have their friends like them than compete with them to win a game. Girls are c oncerned (6) with being fair, or equal, when they play. As children grow up, their gender will i nfluence (7) their behavior. Language r eflects (8) the gender of children, too. Boys usually give c ommands (9), while girls often make suggestions to show they are not b ossy (10).At school boys gain their s tatus (11) through playing sports well and e arning (12)high grades. Girls will gain respect by having friends who are popular. Sharing g ossip (13) about a friend is one of the ways for girls to e mphasize (14) the fact that they belong to the same group. These differences are cultural and seem to be part of growing up in the culture in which they live.TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.1) 这所学校关心学生的道德和社会责任的教育，多过于他们的学业成绩。

Unit 7 Interpersonal Relationship: Keys to the exercisesEnhance Your Language Awareness1 Listed in the boxes below are some of the words that you need to be veryfamiliar with. Now work in pairs and make sentences with each of them tosee if you have really mastered their usages. You are encouraged to consult adictionary if you are still not quite sure about their meanings and usages.1) Every year before Christmas, we decorate our house with colourful lights.2) Mother scolded John for not taking good care of his younger brother when she went out.3) I quickly picked up a stick to defend myself when I saw a big dog running towards me.4) Please don’t interrupt —wait until I have finished what I have to say.5) The mother embraced her son warmly as soon as he came into the house.6) Jimmy’s car is quite ancient; he bought it 15 years ago and it is still in good condition.7) When I arrived I saw that the place had already been occupied by two strangers.8) You have written a very good paper. I only made a few minor changes in the wording.9) At different stages of our life, we encounter different kinds of problems.10) If you need any assistance, please let me know and I’ll be more than happy to help.11) Some people tend to blame others for what they themselves have done wrong.12) Children’s education is becoming too heavy a burden for many families to bear these days.13) I can’t endure to see / endure seeing animals suffer like that.14) Davis was one of the most significant musicians of the last century.2 In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Completethe following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.1) The home address was incomplete, so the letter could not be delivered.2) His father was finally released after he was proven to be innocent (无辜的), but he had already spent ten years in prison.3) Did he give you permission to use his computer?4) All rooms in this building are rented to students because it is closeto their university.5) When she recalled her miserable days during the war, my motherwould cry bitterly.6) When I told George that Maggie had refused to help, he exploded and walked out without saying anything.7) She pressed her dress smooth using a hot iron.8) With a(n) motion of his hand, he urged us to follow him.9) As soon as she accepted the job, Janet started working with great enthusiasm.10) Though she is over seventy, she is blessed with excellent health.11) The old woman was hurt so deeply by what his son had said thatshe trembled with rage.12) Just complete the attached form and return it in the envelopeprovided.13) The waiter inquired whether we would like to sit near the window.14) You’ve been working all morning — you now deserve a rest.3 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Doyou understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the propercontext? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change theform where necessary.1) She is a very responsible lady; with her in charge, I am sure nothingwill go wrong.2) We were half way on our journey when our car broke down.3) I have lost my watch and I am quite certain I lost it on my way to thecomputer room.4) The child is very independent. He wants to make all importantdecisions by himself.5) This little girl is a dancing genius; she could dance in time to themusic as young as three years old.6) Our manager has to deal with all kinds of complaints the staffmembers make.7) She knew her subject from top to bottom and breezed through theexam in less than an hour.8) Several days had gone by before we found the missing dog.9) To my surprise, I was given the job, even though I had sent in myapplication rather late.●Increasing Your Word Power1 A synonym is a word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as anotherword. Now identify synonyms by matching a word in Column A with anotherin Column B. Then complete the sentences with an appropriate word either inColumn A or in Column B. Change the form where necessary.1) They endured hours of backbreaking work in miserable conditions.2) Some of the boys in our class are going to skip today’s class; I wonderhow our teacher will respond to it.3) She is a teacher and spent most of her career in New York.4) The wearing of seat belts is required by the law.5) Sally didn’t feel quite well, but still dragged herself wearily out ofbed at fiveo’clock that morning.6) This new play was directed by Mike Johnson, assisted by Sharon Gale.7) It’s her birthday party so I need a gift of some sort to take along.8) Tom is a stubborn child who won’t obey his mother.9) I’m not joking; I’m serious.10) From the house come bursts of merry laughter.11) Our tour departs from Heathrow Airport on 31 March and returns16 April.12) Barbara scolded her son for being so naughty before the honourable guests.13) There are no significant differences between the two groups ofstudents in terms of their IQ.2 An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word. Now identifyantonyms by matching a word in Column A with another in Column B. Thencomplete the sentences with an appropriate word either in Column A or inColumn B1) With no thought for his own safety, he ran into the burning buildingto save the child.2) He waited the whole day for her to call him back, but no phone callcame. He was so annoyed that he went to bed miserably.3) Listen! The girls are singing cheerfully in the next room. They mustbe having a lot of fun together.4) He did his work carelessly. That’s why he made so many mist akes.5) Jim knew absolutely nothing about the business when he joined thefirm.6) He looked round desperately for someone to help him.7) The news report does not mention who is to blame for the trafficaccident.8) He left his hometown as a poor, working class boy and returned as anextremely wealthy man.9) I don’t like the boring / dull atmosphere in our class; I thinkeveryone should try to be more active in class.10) She wanted to be the first woman to climb Mount Everest, andshealmost succeeded.3 The words in the box below can be used both as nouns and as verbs. Useeither the noun form or the verb form of the words to complete the followingsentences. Change the form where necessary.1) I got so mad with him that I slapped him hard across the face; I’m still feeling sorry for what I did then.2) On my birthday one of my friends gave me a beautiful doll as a(n)present.3) She finally solved the problem! A smile lit up her face.4) The little donkey struggled under a heavy burden.5) He was so angry that he reached forward and gave her a(n) slap onthe cheek.6) Janet presented the director with an expensive painting as a partinggift from us all.7) I ordered a chicken and some beer and started eating and drinkingby myself.8) The lake was bathed in the soft light of the moon.9) The government is spending millions of dollars in its attempt to combat drug abuse (毒品滥用).10) She motioned me to come closer and slipped something into myhand.11) The strain on the cables (绳缆)supporting the bridge is enormous.12) You can place an online order and they will deliver the goods to thedoor.13) They strained the rope between the two posts.14) I don’t want to burden you with my problems.15) With a sweeping motion of his hand, he said, “Follow me closely.”16) Helen volunteered to have the New Year party at her house this year.17) The troops were exhausted after months of fierce combat.18) She now helps in a local school as a(n) volunteer three days a week.4 Did you notice the suffixes -ness, -ment in words such as illness, disappointmentin this unit? The suffix -ness can be put after many adjectives to form nouns, while -ment can be added to many verbs to form nouns.Now form nouns byadding -ness or -ment to the words given in the table and write down theChinese meaning for each.Adjectives / Verbs Suffixes Nouns Chinese Meaningsaccomplish-ment / -ness accomplishment 成就；造诣；完成adjust adjustment 调节；调整；校正appoint appointment 约会，约定；任命，委派aware awareness 意识；知道；觉悟calm calmness 平静；安静；镇静competitive competitiveness 竞争；竞争力develop development 形成；开发；发展effective effectiveness 效力；有效性encourage encouragement 鼓励；赞助；促进impulsive impulsiveness 冲动；推动；驱使Complete each of the following sentences with a proper word you have thusformed.1) There has been an increasing awareness that care of the elderly hasbecome a social problem.2) We need encouragement from each other in order to complete sucha huge project.3) With so many caregivers around her, the old woman feels a sense ofsecurity and calmness.4) To ensure competitiveness in market, the company spares no effortto improve the quality of its products.5) We are very proud of the accomplishments that we have made overthe past few years.6) If you want to see the director, you need to make a(n) appointment with him first.7) When travelling abroad, you should make necessary adjustments tothe cultural differences.8) Take your time and think about it twice so as to avoid impulsiveness in your decision.9) A series of clinical trials (临床试验)are conducted to test the effectiveness of the newly developed medicine.10) There have been significant technological developments in thiscountry in the last two decades.Grammar in ContextStudy the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention tothe italicized parts. Reflect on the grammatical function of the present participles,and group them into different types.1) a. Adverbial of time: 2, 4, 62) b. Adverbial of reason: 9, 103) c. Adverbial of result: 84) d. Adverbial of accompanying circumstances: 1, 3, 5, 7Task 1: Rewrite the following sentences using a present participle clause.1) He sat silent in the corner. He was reading his favorite novel.He sat silent in the corner, reading his favorite novel.2) When she saw the traffic light turn green, she quickly crossed the road.Seeing the traffic light turn green, she quickly crossed the road.3) As he has engaged in the research for many years, he is quite familiar withthe topic.Having engaged in the research for many years, he is quite familiar with the topic.4) He didn’t know where the supermarket was, so he went up to the policemanto ask for directions.Not knowing where the supermarket was, he went up to the policeman to ask fordirections.5) A new economic stimulus plan is said to be unveiled, and it leads to a surgein the stock market.A new economic stimulus plan is said to be unveiled, leading to a surge in the stockmarket.Task 2: Rewrite the following sentences to avoid ambiguity or danglingconstructions.1) Opening the window, a butterfly flew into my study.Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into my study.Or: When I opened the window, a butterfly flew into my study.2) Weighing almost 100 pounds, he lifted up the stone with one arm.Weighing almost 100 pounds, the stone was lifted up by him with one arm.Or: Although the stone weighed almost 100 pounds, he lifted it up with one arm.3) Idling about all day and indulging in games, the teacher flunked (使…不及格) the student in the final exam.Idling about all day and indulging in games, the student was flunked by theteacher in the final exam. 4) Having lived in the small county for thirty years, everything is familiar to the old man.Having lived in the small county for thirty years, the old man is familiar witheverything.5) Having received the Nobel Prize in literature, the media bombarded (向…连续提问) Mo Yan with questions of various types.Having received the Nobel Prize in literature, Mo Yan was bombarded withquestions of various types from the media.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letterof each is given.Being a good boss has never been easy for me. The most difficult part is not about work, but about d ealing (1) with relationships at the workplace. As each and every employee in my company is s ignificant (2) to its development, I needto give enough a ttention (3) and care to everyone and to be approachable to all.At the start of the business, I encountered difficult situations and I was unsure what the best way was to handle them. For example, when an employee made a mistake, I hesitated about whether to s cold (4) him or her. Would I appear to bean i mpatient (5) boss to my employees if I did so? Would they continue to make mistakes if I was too lenient? Sometimes, I had to s ettle (6) disputes among the employees if they did not see eye to eye with each other on some tasks. This too was difficult. Should I b lame (7) any party or should I d efend (8) anyone? How would I bring them to see their differences and find solutions without h urting (9) each other? Sometimes I also e ncountered (10) difficult employees who seemedto feel m iserable (11) whatever I did for them. Life has never been easy, but I have learned the ropes along the way. The essential principle is to treat the employees s incerely (12), appreciate their contributions to the company and reward them accordingly. My employees are happy to have me as their boss, and are offering me all the a ssistance (13) they could. They have great e nthusiasm (14)for their work and have contributed significantly to the c ompany’s development. TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets.1) 直起身来，脚要跟上音乐拍子。

Unit TwoLearning a LanguageEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆Working with Words and Expressions1.Listed in the boxes below are some of the words that you need to be very familiar with. Now work inpairs and make sentences with each of them to see if you have really mastered their usages. You are encouraged to consult a dictionary if you are still not quite sure about their meanings and usages.▆ Sample sentences for reference:1) If Jane is not here in 10 minutes, we’ll assume that she is n’t coming and we won’t wait for her any longer.2) The case was fully argued before an agreement was reached.3) They claim that they have discovered a cure for the disease, but this has not yet been proved.4) Some Chinese words have no equivalents in English.5) The rights of the individual are perhaps the most important rights in society.6) If you want my personal opinion, I don’t think you should go there.7) The train leaves at about half past eight — 8:32, to be precise.8) After years of hard work, she became qualified as a doctor last year.9) Her new novel is based on her adventures in Africa.10) The house is too small for a family of five; furthermore, it is in a bad condition.11) Human beings are much more intelligent than animals.12) She promised solemnly that she would not say a word about it to anyone.2.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentenceswith them. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)obtain2)confident3)communicate4)advantage5)relevant6)helpful7)extreme8)enjoyable9)means10)process11)particularly12)characters13)astonished14)apparently3.In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand theirmeanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)fond of2)is … related to3)find out4)To a certain extent5)vice versa6)no doubt7)rid … of8)cleared up9)or else10)at all costs11) sure enough12)let alone13) In his hurry14)It’s no use15) in my view16) was worth▆Increasing Your Word Powerplete the multiple choice exercise by choosing the right answer.▆ Answers:1) C2) D3) B4) B5) B6) D2.Adverbs are used to modify adjectives. What adverbs listed in the box below can be used to modify theadjectives in the sentences? Put as many adverbs as you think suitable before each of the adjectives.1)highly / very2)quite / very3)quite / very / increasingly4)quite / simply / very3.Did you notice the suffix -er in words such as teacher, grader in this unit? The suffix -er can be put atthe end of verbs or nouns to denote people who perform the action expressed by the stem word. In addition to -er, the suffixes -or, -ist, -ian also fall into this category. Now form nouns by adding -er/-or/-ist/-ian to the words given:Answers for reference:1) logician2) magician3) mathematician4) journalist5) industrialist6) environmentalist7) laborer8) murderer9) conqueror10) survivorGRAMMAR IN CONTEXTStudy the following sentences from both Text A and Text B, paying special attention to the modal auxiliaries would, must, might, can’t, should.Task 1: Fill in the following blanks with appropriate modal auxiliaries.▆ Answers for reference:1) would/should2) should/would3) might4) would5) must6) can’t7) should, would8) mustTask 2: Translate the following sentences into English, using the modal auxiliaries given in brackets.▆ Answers for reference:1) The expedition might have reached the top of the mountain by now.2) If there should be any change in the schedule, please let me know in time.Or: Should there be any change in the schedule, please let me know in time.3) Passengers must check in (no later than) 45 minutes prior to flight departure.4) Hurry up! It would be a pity to miss the concert.5) The man standing in the distance can’t be Mr. Li, for he left for New York yesterday afternoon.Cloze▇Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:1)doubt2)efficient3)where4)advantage5)afford6)claim7)fluently8)qualified9)extent10)ridiculous11)perfect12)as13)because14)individualTranslation1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets.▆ A nswers for reference:1)The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk.2)Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he tolda lie.3)To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills youcan cope with outside class reading better.4)Can you take a look at the engine to see what’s wrong?5)Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word.6)We have passed all relevant information on to the police.7)There is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won’t answer.8)It was a mistake on Jim’s part to sign the contract without reading it carefully.9)They refused to provide us with all the information we need.10)This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago.11)The film is based on a play by Shakespeare.12)If you have a good command of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage overothers in finding a job.Theme-Related Writing▆Write a passage in about 100-120 words, taking either of the following titles:1) Why I like to learn English2) Why I hate to learn English▆ S ample essay for Task 1:Why I like to learn EnglishI have learned English for about seven years. I should say that I am highly motivated to master English. First of all, learning English is useful, as it is becoming a world language and people from different countries often communicate with one another in English. If I am good at English, it will be much easier for me to communicate with them. Secondly, I like traveling a lot. A good mastery of English will make things much easier for me when traveling around the world. Finally, I like literature a lot. If I am very good at English, I can read great works by Shakespeare and Dickens and many other English writers instead of reading the translated versions.▆ S ample essay for Task 2:Why I hate to learn EnglishI have learned English for about seven years. I should say the more I learn English, the more I hate it. First of all, learning English is boring. I have to memorize many new words or rely on a dictionary to frequently check unknown words. Doing so wastes a lot of my precious time. Secondly, I don’t understand why we have to learn a foreign language. I don’t want to go abroad and I can always find a job that doesn’t need English in China. Finally, I can always read translated versions of the books I want to read. So, if I don’t have to learn English, I would rather use the time I spend on English to do things I like.。

新世纪大学英语综合教程1课后答案第二版秦秀白Unit7InterpersonalReUnit 7 Interpersonal Relationship: Keys to the exercisesEnhance Your Language Aware ness1 Listed in the boxes below are some of the words that you need to be veryfamiliar with. Now work in pairs and make sentences with each of them tosee if you have really mastered their usages. You are encouraged to consult adictionary if you are still not quite sure about their meanings and usage s.1) Every year before Christmas, we decorate our house with colourful light s.2) Mothescoldr ed John for not taking good care of his younger brother when she went out.3) I quickly picked up a stickdefen to d myself when I saw a big dog running towards me.4) Please don’t interrupt — wait until I have finished what I have to say.5) The mother embraced her son warmly as soon as he came into the house .6) Jimmy’s car is quiteancie nt; he bought it 15 years ago and itis still in good condi tion.7) When I arrived I saw that the place had already been occupied by two strangers.8) You have written a very good paper. I only made a few minor changes in the wordi ng.9) At different stages of our life, we encounter different kinds of probl ems.10) If you need any assistance, please let me know and I’ll be more than happy to help.11) Some people tend to blame others for what they themselves have done wrong .12) Children’s education is becoming too heavyburden a for many families to bear these days. 13) I can’t endure to see / endure seeing animals suffer like that.14) Davis was one of the most significant musicians of the lastcentu ry.2 In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Completethe following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.1) The home address was incomplete, so the letter coulddeliv not be ered.2) His father was finally released after he was proven to beinnoc(无辜的ent ), but he had already spent ten years in prison.3) Did he give you permissionto use his compu ter?4) All rooms in this building are renteto studed nts because it is closeto their university.5) When she recalled her miserable days during the war, my motherwould cry bitterly.6) When I told George that Maggie had refused to help, he explodedand walked out without saying anything.7) She pressed her dress smooth using a hot iron.8) With a(n) motioof his hand, he urgedn us to follow him.9) As soon as she accepted the job, Janet started working with greatenthusiasm. 10) Though she is over seventy, she is blessed with excellent health.11) The old woman was hurt so deeply by what his son had said thatshetremblewith rage.d12) Just complete the attached form and return it in the envelopeprovided. 13) The waiteinquir red whether we would like to sit near the window. 14) You’ve been working all morning — you now deservea rest.3 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Doyou understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the propercontext? Now check for yourself by doing theblank-filling exercise. Change theform where neces sary.1) She is a very responsible lady; with her in charge, I am sure nothigo ngwill wrong.2) We were half way on our journey when our car broke down.3) I have lost my watch and I am quite certain I lost it on my wayto thecomputer room.4) The child is very independent. He wants to make all importantdecisions by himse. lf5) This little girl is a dancing genius; she couldin time danceto themu sic as young as three years old.6) Our manager has to deal with all kinds of complaints the staffmembers make. 7) She knew her subject from top to bottom and breezed throutheexgh am in less than an hour.8) Several days had gone by before we found the missing dog.9) To my surprise, I was given the job, even though I had sent in myapplication rather late.Increasing Your Word Power1 A synonym is a word that has the same or nearly the same meaningas anotherword. Now identify synonyms by matching a word in Column A with anotherin Column B. Then complete the sentences with an appropriate word either inColumn A or in Column B. Change the form where necessary.1) They endured hours of backbreaking work in miserable conditions.2) Some of the boys in our class are going to skip today’s class; I wonderhow our teacher will respond to it.3) She is a teacher and spent most of her careein New York.r4) The wearing of seat beltsrequi is red by the law.5) Sally didn’t feel quite well, but still dragged hersewearily out ofbedlf at five o’clock that morning.6) This new play was directed by Mike Johnsassison, ted by Sharon Gale.7) It’s her birthday party so I need a gift of some sort to take along.8) Tom is a stubborn child who won’t obey his mother.9) I’m not joking; I’mserio .us10) From the house come burstmerrys of laughter.11) Our tour deparfrom Heathts row Airport on 31 March and returns16 April. 12) Barbara scolded her son for being so naughty before the honourable guests. 13) There are no significandiffet rences between the two groups ofstudents in terms of their IQ.2 An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word. Now identifyantonyms by matching a word in Column A with another in Column B. Thencomplete the sentences with an appropriate word either in Column Aor inColumn B1) With no thought for his own safet, he ran into the burniyng buildingto save the child.2) He waited the whole day for her to call him back, but no phone callcame. He was so annoyed that he went to bedmiserab.ly3) Listen! The girls are singicheerng fullyin the next room. They mustb e having a lot of fun together.4) He did his work carelessly. That’s why he made so many mista kes.5) Jim knew absolutelynothi ng about the business when he joined thefirm. 6) He looked rounddespe ratelfor someoy ne to help him.7) The news report does not mention who is to blamefor the traff icaccident. 8) He left his hometown as a poor, working class boy and returned as anextremelwealty hy man.9) I don’t like the boring / dull atmosphere in our class; I thinkeveryone should try to be more active in class.10) She wanted to be the first woman to climb Mount Everest, and shealmost succeeded.3 The words in the box below can be used both as nouns and as verbs. Useeither the noun form or the verb form of the words to complete the followingsentences. Change the form where neces sary.1) I got so madwith him that I slapped him hard across the face; I’mstill feelingsorry for what I did then.2) On my birthday one of my friends gave me a beautiful doll asa(n)prese.nt 3) She finally solved the problem! A smilelit up her face.4) The little donkey struggled underburde a heavy. n5) He was so angry that he reached forward and gave her a(n) slap onthe cheek. 6) Janetprese nted the director with an expensive painting as a partinggift from us all.7) I ordered a chicken and some beer and started eating anddrinkingby myself. 8) The lake was bathed in the soft lightof the moon.9) The government is spending millions of dollars in its attempt tocombat drug abuse(毒品滥用 ).10) She motioned me to come closer and slipped something into myhand.11) The straion the cablen (s 绳缆) supporting the bridge is enormous.12) You can place an onlinordere and they will deliv er the goods to thedoor. 13) They strained the rope between the two posts.14) I don’t want to burdeyou with my probln ems.15) With a sweeping motioof his hand, he said, n “Follow me closely.”16) Helenvolun teereto have the New Year partyd at her house this year. 17) The troops were exhausted after months of fierccomba. te18) She now helps in a local school as a(n) volunteer three days a week.4 Did you notice the suffixes -ness, -ment in words such as illness, disappointmentin this unit? The suffix -ness can be put after many adjectives to form nouns, while -ment can be added to many verbs to form nouns.Now form nouns byadding -ness or -ment to the words given in the table and write down theChinese meaning for each.Adjectives / Verbs Suffixes Nouns Chinese Meaningsaccomplish-ment / -ness accomplishment 成就,造诣,完成adjusadjust tment 调节,调整,校正appoint appointment 约会～约定,任命～委派awareaware ness 意识,知道,觉悟calm calmness 平静,安静,镇静competitive competitiveness 竞争,竞争力develop development 形成,开发,发展effective effectiveness 效力,有效性encourage encouragement 鼓励,赞助,促进impulsiveimpulsiveness 冲动,推动,驱使Complete each of the following sentences with a proper word you have thusformed .1) There has been an increasing awareness that care of the elderly hasbecome a social problem.2) We need encouragemfrom each otherent in order to complete sucha huge project. 3) With so many caregivers around her, the old woman feelsa sense ofsecurity and calmness.4) To ensurcompee titivenessin marke t, the company spares noeffortto improve the quality of its products.5) We are very proud of the accomplishmentsthat we have made overthe past few years.6) If you want to see the director, you need to make a(n) appointmentwith him first.7) When travelling abroad, you should make necesadjustmentsarytothes cultural differences.8) Take your time and think about it twice so as to avoidimpulsiven essin yourdecision.9) A series of clinical trial(临床试验s ) are conducted to test theeffectivenesof the s newly developed medicine.10) There have been significant techndevelologiopmencal in thiscts ountry in the last two decades.Grammar in ContextStudy the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention tothe italicized parts. Reflect on the grammatical function of the present participles,and group them into differenttypes .1) a. Adverbial of time: 2, 4, 62) b. Adverbial of reaso9, 10n:3) c. Adverbial of resul8 t:4) d. Adverbial of accompanying circumstan1, 3, 5, 7ces:Task 1: Rewrite the following sentences using a present participle claus e.1) He sat silent in the corner. He was reading his favorite novel. He sat silent in the corner, reading his favor ite novel.2) When she saw the traffic light turn green, she quickly crossedthe road. Seeing the traffic light turn green, she quickly cross ed the road.3) As he has engaged in the research for many years, he is quite familiar withthe topic.Having engaged in the research for many years, he is quite familiar with the topic .4) He didn’t know where the supermarket was, so he went up to the policemanto ask for directions.Not knowing where the supermarket was, he went up to the policemanto ask fordi rections.5) A new economic stimulus plan is said to be unveiled, and it leads to a surgein the stock market.A new economic stimulus plan is said to be unveiled, leading to a surge in the stock market.Task 2: Rewrite the following sentences to avoid ambiguity or danglingconstruction s.1) Opening the window, a butterfly flew into my study.Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into my study .Or: When I opened the window, a butterfly flew into my study .2) Weighing almost 100 pounds, he lifted up the stone with one arm. Weighing almost 100 pounds, the stone was lifted up by him with one arm.Or: Although the stone weighed almost 100 pounds, he lifted it upwith one arm.3) Idling about all day and indulging in games, the teach(使er flunk…不及格)ed the student in the final exam.Idling about all day and indulging in games, the student was flunked by theteacher in the final exam.4) Having lived in the small county for thirty years, everything is familiar to the old man.Having lived in the small county for thirty years, the old man is familiar withe verything.5) Having received the Nobel Prize inliterature, the media(向… bomba连 rded 续提问) Mo Yan with questionsof various types.Having received the Nobel Prize in literature, Mo Yan was bombarded withquestions of various types from the media.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letterof each is given .Being a good boss has never been easy for me. The most difficultpart is not about work, but about dealing (1) with relationships at the workplace. As each and every employee in my company is significan(2) to its develt opment, I need to give enough attention (3) and care to everyone and to be approachable to all. At the start of the business, I encountered difficult situations and I was unsure what the best way was to handle them. For example, when an employee made a mistake, Ihesitated about whether to scold (4) him or her. Would I appear to be an impatient (5) boss to my employees if I did so? Would they continue to make mistakes if I was too lenient? Sometimes, I had to settle (6) disputes among the employees if they did not see eye to eye with each other on some tasks. This too was difficult. Should I blame (7) anyparty or should I defend (8) anyone? Howwould I bring them to see their differences and find solutionswithong (9) ut hurtieach other? Sometimes I also encountere(10) diffid cult employees who seemed to feel miserable (11) whatever I did for them. Life has never been easy, but I have learned the ropes along the way. The essential principle is to treat the employees sincerely (12), appreciate their contributions to the company and reward them accordingly. My employees are happy to have me as their boss, and are offering me all the assistance(13) they could . They have great enthusiasm (14) for their work and have contributed significantly to the company’s development. TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets.1) 直起身来，脚要跟上音乐拍子。

Unit TwoLearning a LanguageEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆ Working with Words and Expressions1.Listed in the boxes below are some of the words that you need to be very familiarwith. Now work in pairs and make sentences with each of them to see if you have really mastered their usages. You are encouraged to consult a dictionary if you are still not quite sure about their meanings and usages.▆ Sample sentences for reference:1) If Jane is not here in 10 minutes, we’ll assume that she is n’t coming and we won’t wait for her any longer.2) The case was fully argued before an agreement was reached.3) They claim that they have discovered a cure for the disease, but this has not yet been proved.4) Some Chinese words have no equivalents in English.5) The rights of the individual are perhaps the most important rights in society.6) If you want my personal opinion, I don’t think you should go there.7) The train leaves at about half past eight — 8:32, to be precise.8) After years of hard work, she became qualified as a doctor last year.9) Her new novel is based on her adventures in Africa.10) The house is too small for a family of five; furthermore, it is in a bad condition.11) Human beings are much more intelligent than animals.12) She promised solemnly that she would not say a word about it to anyone.2.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete thefollowing sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)obtain2)confident3)communicate4)advantage5)relevant6)helpful7)extreme8)enjoyable9)means10)process11)particularly12)characters13)astonished14)apparently3.In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do youunderstand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)fond of2)is … related to3)find out4)To a certain extent5)vice versa6)no doubt7)rid … of8)cleared up9)or else10)at all costs11) sure enough12)let alone13) In his hurry14)It’s no use15) in my view16) was worth▆Increasing Your Word Powerplete the multiple choice exercise by choosing the right answer.▆ Answers:1) C2) D3) B4) B5) B6) D2.Adverbs are used to modify adjectives. What adverbs listed in the box below can beused to modify the adjectives in the sentences? Put as many adverbs as you think suitable before each of the adjectives.1)highly / very2)quite / very3)quite / very / increasingly4)quite / simply / very3.Did you notice the suffix -er in words such as teacher, grader in this unit? Thesuffix -er can be put at the end of verbs or nouns to denote people who perform the action expressed by the stem word. In addition to -er, the suffixes -or, -ist, -ian also fall into this category. Now form nouns by adding -er/-or/-ist/-ian to the words given:Answers for reference:1) logician2) magician3) mathematician4) journalist5) industrialist6) environmentalist7) laborer8) murderer9) conqueror10) survivorGRAMMAR IN CONTEXTStudy the following sentences from both Text A and Text B, paying special attention to th e modal auxiliaries would, must, might, can’t, should.Task 1: Fill in the following blanks with appropriate modal auxiliaries.▆ Answers for reference:1) would/should2) should/would3) might4) would5) must6) can’t7) should, would8) mustTask 2: Translate the following sentences into English, using the modal auxiliariesgiven in brackets.▆ Answers for reference:1) The expedition might have reached the top of the mountain by now.2) If there should be any change in the schedule, please let me know in time.Or: Should there be any change in the schedule, please let me know in time.3) Passengers must check in (no later than) 45 minutes prior to flight departure.4) Hurry up! It would be a pity to miss the concert.5) The man standing in the distanc e can’t be Mr. Li, for he left for New York yesterdayafternoon.Cloze▇Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letterof each is given.▆ Answers:1)doubt2)efficient3)where4)advantage5)afford6)claim7)fluently8)qualified9)extent10)ridiculous11)perfect12)as13)because14)individualTranslation1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk.2)Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, butin my opinion he told a lie.3)To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; andwith reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better.4)Can you take a look at the engine to see what’s wrong?5)Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word.6)We have passed all relevant information on to the police.7)There is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won’tanswer.8)It was a mistake on Jim’s part to sign the contract without reading it care fully.9)They refused to provide us with all the information we need.10)This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago.11)The film is based on a play by Shakespeare.12)If you have a good command of English and computer skills, you will surely have anadvantage over others in finding a job.Theme-Related Writing▆Write a passage in about 100-120 words, taking either of the following titles:1) Why I like to learn English2) Why I hate to learn English▆ Sample essay for Task 1:Why I like to learn EnglishI have learned English for about seven years. I should say that I am highly motivated to master English. First of all, learning English is useful, as it is becoming a world language and people from different countries often communicate with one another in English. If I am good at English, it will be much easier for me to communicate with them. Secondly, I like traveling a lot. A good mastery of English will make things much easier for me when traveling around the world. Finally, I like literature a lot. If I am very good at English, I can read great works by Shakespeare and Dickens and many other English writers instead of reading the translated versions.▆ Sample essay for Task 2:Why I hate to learn EnglishI have learned English for about seven years. I should say the more I learn English, the more I hate it. First of all, learning English is boring. I have to memorize many new words or rely on a dictionary to frequently check unknown words. Doing so wastes a lot of my precious time. Secondly, I don’t understand why we have to learn a foreign language. I don’t want to go abroad and I can always find a job that doesn’t need English in China. Finally, I can always read translated versions of the books I want to read. So, if Idon’t have to learn English, I would rather use the time I spend on English。

Unit 8 Gender Differences: Keys to the exercisesWords in Action2 In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.1) Some of the government officials have become hooked on power and money.2) Male and female differences are regarded as cultural differences by some sociologists.3) Mr. Smith works in that office block facing north.4) We have barely enough money to last the weekend.5) Eye-witnesses claimed that Jim whipped the horse up to 16 times.6) I felt they hadn’t treated me fairly though they claimed that they treated everyone alike.7) I can’t tolerate your bad manners any longer.8) While his interest in these sports began to wane, a passion for rugby developed.9) I sent them another check of $5000 so as to balance their bank accounts.10) Only 13 percent of the straight-A students are female.11) Do relatives of yours still live and work in that city?12) He is a faithful follower of his home football team.13) Passengers were asked to identify their own suitcases before they were put on the bus.3 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.1) After trudging through the snow for 30 minutes we finally found our way to the remote inn.2) There were too many customers at the hairdresser’s (发廊)that day and I almost finished reading a short novel before I was able to take my turn .3) At the discussion session the girls were so much interested in the topic that the boys could barely get the floor.4) John was not eager for classroom learning, but he hungered for adventures in the rain forest of South America.5) The old man has been trying very hard to hang on to his status as chairman of the board of directors (董事会).6) These trials are simply taking far too long and the public’s interest in them is waning.7) Though the doctor has repeatedly told him to give up smoking, he is still hooked on it.8) She gave away all her money to the poor before she died.9) I’ve talked to him on the phone but I’ve never actually met him face to face.10) She poured her heart out to me yesterday and admitted that she had even thought of committing suicide (自杀).11) When she felt she could trust me, she began to open up.12) Only after many hours of fierce fighting did we begin to get the upper hand.13) He was flooded with letters of congratulations after he won the gold medal.14) The new coach soon whipped the team into line / shape by emphasizing the importance of discipline.●Increasing Your Word Power1 Complete the multiple choice exercise by choosing the right answer.1) All the following nouns can form acceptable collocations with the noun GENDER except ________.a.relationsb. differencesc. inequalityd. rolee. character2) All the following adjectives can form acceptable collocations with thenoun IDENTITY except ________.a. falseb. culturalc. inevitabled. truee. mistaken3 All the following verbs can go with the noun STATUS except ________.a. achieveb. controlc. recognized. improvee. acquire4) All the following verbs can go with the noun SYMPATHY except ________.a. transferb. offerc. aroused. expresse. feel5) All the following adjectives can form acceptable collocations with thenoun MESSAGE except ________.a. longb. sarcasticc. urgentd. anxiouse. self-revealing6) All the following adjectives can form acceptable collocations with thenoun COMMAND except ________.a. appropriateb. personalc. completed. militarye. stressful7) All the following adjectives can form acceptable collocations with thenoun EXPERTISE except ________.a. extensiveb. wealthyc. relevantd. necessarye. existing8) All the following verbs can go with the noun ADVICE except ________.a. giveb. seekc. ignored. heede. locateMatch the verbs in the left column with the nouns and phrases in the right column. Put the corresponding letter in the blank following each word.1) type ( c ) a) a bug2) write ( b ) b) a check3) install ( e ) c) a command4) upgrade (d ) d) a computer5) eliminate ( a ) e) a hard drive3 Did you notice the prefixes un-, in-, im-, dis- in words that you have come across from Units 1-8, such as unfamiliar, inescapable, impatient, disrespectful. These prefixes can be used in front of adjectives to produce an opposite meaning.In addition to un-, in-, im-, and dis-, the prefixes il- and ir- also fall into this category. Now complete the following table with the prefixes mentioned above.Adjectives Prefixes Adjectives(with opposite meaning)agreeable dis-/il-/imin-/ir-/un disagreeablecompetent incompetentdependent independentfortunate unfortunatehonorable dishonourablelogical illogicallegal illegalmoral immoralperfect imperfectregular irregularreliable unreliableresponsible irresponsibleComplete each of the following sentences by changing the words given inbrackets into proper forms.1) Some experts hold that it would be immoral (moral) to clone a human being.2) The politician was criticized because of his dishonourable (honour) behaviour.3) In most countries, it is illegal (legal) for doctors to help patient send their lives.4) The computer was unreliable (reliable); it always crashed for one reason or another.5) They have tried every means to escape the disagreeable (agreeable)situation.6) When emotion outweighs (超过；胜过)reason, people are likely tomake illogical (logic) decisions.7) Because he was incompetent (competent) at management, the business ran into debt soon after he took over from his father.8) One of the purposes of education is to cultivate students’ strong sense of responsibility and independent (depend) thinking abilities.9) It would be irresponsible (responsible) of journalists to make up news stories without any investigation.10) All happy families resemble one another, but each unfortunate(fortunate) family is unfortunate (fortunate) in its own way.Grammar in ContextTask 1: Combine each pair of sentences into one containing an adverbial of concession by using the word in brackets.1) a. He would try.b. He fell short of his parents’ expectations.(as)Try as he would, he fell short of his parents’ expectations.2) a. He was tired out after a day of hard work.b. He stayed up late to watch the FIFA World Cup final.(though)Though he was tired out after a day of hard work, he stayed up late to watch theFIFA World Cup final.3) a. I disapprove of what you say.b. I will defend to the death your right to say it.(while)While I disapprove of what you say, I will defend to the death your right to say it.4) a. There is no evidence to suggest that they spread viruses.b. The European Union has banned imports of dairy products from other countries.(even though)Even though there is no evidence to suggest that they spread viruses, the EuropeanUnion has banned imports of dairy products from other countries.5) a. There are visible graphic warnings on cigarette packets.b. Some smokers turn a blind eye to the potential hazards of smoking.(despite) Despite the visible graphic warnings on cigarette packets, some smokers turn a blind eye to the potential hazards of smoking.Task 2: Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English beginning with the word or phrase that has been given.1) He was found guilty of graft (贪污受贿) and corruption (腐败) and was sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment even though(尽管他曾是一位高官).He was found guilty of graft and corruption and was sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment even though he was a high-ranking official.2) People from all walks of life, whether (无论老幼贫富), should extend helping hands to those in the flood-stricken areas.People from all walks of life, whether they are young or old, rich or poor, should extend helping hands to those in the flood-stricken areas.3) No matter (不管道路如何艰险), the future will always be beautiful so long as hope remains.No matter how rough and dangerous the road is, the future will always be beautiful so long as hope remains.4) For all (尽管他成就非凡), he remained modest and humble.For all his remarkable achievements, he remained modest and humble.5) Granted that (即使人工智能已获得重大突破), the computer can never replace the human brain in the long run.Granted that a major breakthrough in artificial intelligence has been achieved, the computer can never replace the human brain in the long run.ClozeComplete the following passage with the words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.Boys and girls learn different ways of behaving, talking, and thinking. These different behaviors reflect differences in g ender (1). In the American culture, boys learn to c ompete (2) with each other in games, trying very hard to win andb oasting (3) about how well they can do things. These behaviors are considered m asculine (4). People expect boys to act in these ways. On the other hand, girls learn to be f eminine (5). They would rather have their friends like them than compete with them to win a game. Girls arec oncerned (6) with being fair, or equal, when they play. As children grow up, their gender will i nfluence (7) their behavior. Language r eflects (8) the gender of children, too. Boys usually give c ommands (9), while girls often make suggestions to show they are not b ossy (10).At school boys gain their s tatus (11) through playing sports well and e arning (12)high grades. Girls will gain respect by having friends who are popular. Sharing g ossip (13) about a friend is one of the ways for girls to e mphasize (14) the fact that they belong to the same group. These differences are cultural and seem to be part of growing up in the culture in which they live.TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.1) 这所学校关心学生的道德和社会责任的教育，多过于他们的学业成绩。