台州学院《专业英语》unit2翻译

Unitl1.那部关于古代战争的电影采用了先进的技术，令观众仿佛身临其境。

Thanks to adva need tech no logy, the film about the an cie nt battle gives the audie nee the i1lusion of being on the battiefield themselves.2.在那场大火中，整个古城毁于一旦，但是这块石碑却幸运地保存了下来。

(devastate) That ancient city was devastated by the fire, but fortunatcly the stone tablet survived・3.他们看了那段录像，听了那位妇女的讲述，心里充满了对那位地震孤儿的同情。

The videotape and the story by the woman filled them with sympathy for the child who had become an orphan in the earthquake.4.那场大地震屮，我们听到过太多太多教师的事迹，他们拒绝离开学生自己逃生，献出了自己的生命。

(leave behind)In that earthquake, we heard many stories of teachers who had refused to leave their students behind and laid down their 1ives.5.豫园的建造始于1558年，但由于资金短缺时建时停，1578年才完成。

The construction of the Yu Yuan Garden began in 1558, but it was not completed until 1578 because building went off and on for lack of money.6.1980年我遇到她时，她刚从国外读完硕士回来。

Unit 2 Communication ProblemsSpeaking Different LanguagesJohn Gray[1] When Martians and Venusians first got together, they encountered many of the problems with relationships we have today. Because they recognized that they were different, they were able to solve these problems. One of the secrets of their success was good communication.[2] Ironically, they communicated well because they spoke different languages. When they had problems, they would just go to a translator for assistance. Everyone knew that people from Mars and people from Venus spoke different languages, so when there was a conflict they didn't start judging or fighting but instead pulled out their phrase dictionaries to understand each other more fully. If that didn't work they went to a translator for help.[3] You see, the Martian and Venusian languages had the same words but different meanings depending on the way they were used. Their expressions were similar, but they had different connotations or emotional emphasis. Misinterpreting each other was very easy. So when communication problems emerged, they assumed it was just one of those expected misunderstandings and that with a little assistance they would surely understand each other. They experienced a trust and acceptance that we rarely experience today.[4] Even today we still need translators. Men and women seldom mean the same things even when they use the same words. For example, when a woman says, “I feel like you never listen,” she does not expect the word “never” to be tak en literally. Using the word “never” is just a way of expressing the frustration she is feeling at the moment. It is not to be taken as if it were factual information.[5] To fully express their feelings, women would tend to exaggerate the factsa little bit for effect and use various superlatives, metaphors, and generalizations.Men mistakenly take these expressions literally. Because they misunderstand the intended meaning, they commonly react in an unsupportive manner. In the following chart ten complaints easily misinterpreted are listed, as well as how a man might respond unsupportively.Ten Common Complaints That Are Easily MisinterpretedWomen say things like this: Men respond like this:“We never go out.” “That's not true. We went out last week.”“Everyone ignores me.” “I'm sure some people notice you.”“I am so tired, I can't do anything.” “If you don't like your job, then quit.”“I want to forget everything.” “I don't think there's anything to forget.”“The house is always a mess.” “It's not always a mess.”“No one listens to me anymore.” “But I'm listening to you right now.”“Nothing is working.” “Are you saying it is my fault”“You don't love me anymore.” “Of course I do. That's why I'm here.”“We are always in a hurry.” “We are not. Friday we were relaxed.”“I want more romance.” “Are you saying I am not romantic”[6] You can see how a “literal” translation of a woman's words could easily mislead a man who is used to using speech as a means of conveying only facts and information. You can also see how a man's responses might lead to an argument. Unclear and unloving communication is the biggest problem in relationships. The number one complaint women have in relationships is: “I don't feel heard.”[7] Even this complaint is misunderstood and misinterpreted![8] A man's literal translation of “I don't feel heard” leads him to take the woman's complaint lightly. He thinks he has heard her if he can repeat what she has said. A correct translation of a woman saying “I don't feel heard” is:“I feel as though you don't fully understand what I really mean to say or care about how I feel. Would you show me that you are interested in what I have to say”[9] If a man really understood her complaint, then he would argue less and be able to respond more positively. When men and women are on the verge of arguing, they generally misunderstand each other. At such times, it is important to rethink or translate what they have heard.说着不同的语言1 当火星人和金星人最初相聚时，也遇到了我们目前存在的许多人际关系问题。

1.When the going gets tough, the tough take accounting. When the job marketworsens, many students calculate they can’t major in English or history. (Para. 1)当形势变得困难时，强者会去选学会计。

当就业市场恶化时，许多学生估算着他们不能在主修英语或历史。

2.In other words, a college education is more and more seen as a means foreconomic betterment rather than a means for human betterment. This is a trend that is likely to persist and even accelerate. (Para. 2)换言之，大学教育越来越被看成是改善经济而不是提升人类自身的手段。

这种趋势可能会持续，甚至有加快之势。

3.Over the next few years, as labor markets struggle, the humanities will probablycontinue their long slide in succession. (Para. 3)在未来几年内，遇有劳动力市场的不景气，人文科学可能会持续其长期低迷的状态。

4.Once the dominant pillars of university life, the humanities now play little roleswhen students take their college tours. These days, labs are moved vivid and compelling than libraries. (Para. 3)而今在学生们参观校园的时候，却知识一个小点缀。

一个疑惑不解的小孩提的一个问题促使卡尔·格林思考：虽然他没有贵重的财物，但他在其他许多方面却是富有的。

富足的一生卡尔·格林首次面对这个问题，是在2003年12月初，我第一次为救世军摇铃募捐的时候。

当时我就站在沃尔玛商场入口处门外，对每一位向我的红壶里投入捐款的人都报以一声“谢谢”和一个微笑。

一位穿着整洁的妇人牵着她的幼子向放壶的台子走过来。

她在钱包里摸着找钱时，孩子抬头看了我一眼，问我：“你穷吗？”当时他眼里充满疑惑和好奇，时至今日仍历历在目。

“嗯，”我结结巴巴，边想边回答，“我比有些人拥有的多，但比其他人拥有的少。

”母亲因为孩子问了一个在社交上不该问的问题，训斥了他一顿，他俩便匆匆地赶去购物。

但是孩子的问题却一直在我的心头挥之不去。

我从不认为自己“穷”，但有些事我不可否认。

每当我填1040税务申报表时，我都属于收入最低的档次之一。

在过去的三十五年中，我只出去度过一次假。

我的电视机是黑白的，还是八年前别人送给我的。

然而，想要得到其他那么多人都有的物质的东西，对我来说，只不过是转瞬即逝的念头而已。

我的汽车是1999年的产品，到现在开了十万五千英里，已经很破很旧了，但是它依然可靠。

我的住房不大，但是很安静，住着挺舒心。

我的衣服很适合于我的工作，主要都在户外。

我对计算机的很少的需求，可以在图书馆得到解决。

尽管有些东西我没有，我并不感到贫穷。

这是为什么？五十三年来我一直非常健康。

我不但不生病，而且精力充沛，情绪饱满。

锻炼对我而言是确确实实的快事，我乐意长距离步行，越走越有劲。

我喜爱步行后随之产生的一种“什么都干得了”的心态。

我还十分珍惜我的创作才能。

当我写出美丽的诗句或编造出能把人逗乐的笑话时，我内心感到很富有。

通过写作而获得的洞察力，不断地令我惊奇。

而与那么多写作朋友交谈，是我乐趣的主要源泉之一。

但是在我生活中，有一个重要方面我并不那么富有。

在一个对物资财富的追求投入如此之多心力的社会中，我觉得很不自在。

台州学院《专业英语》unit2翻译Unit2Materials Science and EngineeringMaterials are properly more deep-seated in our culture than most of us realize.材料可能比我们大部分人所意识到的更加深入地存在于我们的文化当中。

Transportation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation and food production－virtually every segment of our lives is influenced to one degree or another by materials.运输、住房、衣饰、通讯、娱乐，还有食品生产——实际上我们日常生活的每个部分都或多或少地受到材料的影响。

Historically, the development and advancement of societies have been intimately tied to the members’ abilities to produce and manipulate materials to fill their needs. 从历史上看，社会的发展和进步已经与社会成员生产和利用材料来满足自身需求的能力紧密地联系在一起。

In fact, early civilizations have been designated by the level of their materials development.事实上，早期文明是以当时材料的发展水平来命名的。

（也就是石器时代，青铜器时代）The earliest humans has access to only a very limited number of materials, those that occur naturally stone, wood, clay, skins, and so on.最早的人类只能利用非常有限数量的材料，象那些自然界的石头，木头，黏土和毛皮等等。

说着不同的语言1 当火星人和金星人最初相聚时，也遇到了我们目前存在的许多人际关系问题。

他们之所以能够解决这些问题是因为他们认识到相互之间的差异。

他们成功的秘诀之一就是良好的交流沟通。

2 具有讽刺意味的是，他们交流沟通的成功却是因为他们说着不同的语言。

当他们遇到问题时，就去找翻译帮助。

众所周知，他们每个人都清楚火星人和金星人语言不同，因此，一旦遇到冲突，他们并不去评论是非或争斗，相反，他们会掏出自己的短语词典，以便更全面地理解对方。

如果这样无效的话，他们就去找翻译帮助。

3 你明白吗？你知道，火星语和金星语用的词相同，但是所表达的含义却不同，这要根据词的用法来决定。

两种语言的措词尽管相似，但是措辞的内涵却不同，所侧重的情感也不同。

相互之间很容易误解。

因此，当交谈出现问题时，他们推断这只不过是一个误解而已，是预料中的，只要得到些许帮助他们就必定能够彼此理解。

他们体验到的是一种相互间的信任和认同，这是我们今天很少能体验到的。

4 即使在今天，我们依然需要翻译。

男人和女人即便用词相同，他们所表达的含义也很少相同。

例如：当女人说：“我觉得你从不听我说话，”她希望对方不要从字面上理解“从不”这个词。

使用“从不”这个词只不过是用来表达她此时此刻感到非常失望。

不要把它当作真实的意思来理解。

5 为了充分表达她们的感受，女人们往往会把事实夸大一点以引起注意，并使用各种最高级，隐喻以及推论。

男人错误地从字面上来理解这些用语。

他们误解了女人想要表达的意思，便常常以不赞同的态度，来回答她们。

下面列有十句女人的抱怨话，这些都是很容易被男人误解的，同时也列出了男人以不赞同的态度可能做出的回答。

容易被男人误解十种抱怨女人这样说：男人这样回答：“我们从不一起出去。

”“不对，我们上周还出去过。

”“所有人都不理睬我。

”“我敢肯定有人关注你。

”“我太累了，我什么也干不了了。

”“要是你不喜欢自己的工作，那就辞职。

”“我讨厌所有的一切。

”“我没觉得有什么让你讨厌的。

Unit 2Dialogue: Buying a LaptopAlic e：Is there any discount[1] on this laptop[2]?Cler k：It's already very cheap. Let's make it 6000 Yuan[3]. That's as cheap as it can get.Alic e：Alright, I'll buy this one. Can I pay using a credit card?Cler k：Sorry, you can only pay cash. We'll also include a laptop bag and a mouse for you.Alic e：How long is the warranty good for?Cler k：One year. The maintenance store location and telephone numbers are on thewarranty card.Words and expressions:[1]discount['diskaunt] n. v. 折扣,打折扣,贴现,不重视,低估[2]laptop[læptɔp] n.笔记本电脑[3] Let's make it 6000 Yuan. 这样吧，六千元。

make it是美国俚语，是一个用途极广的多义性习语，在书刊中俯首即是，在日常交谈中随时可听得到，常与can，let，want等词连用，可用来表示达到预定目标；办成，做到；成功等。

例如：He wants to make it as a writer.他想作为作家而一举成名。

Can you make it tomorrow?明天行吗？Tell him I want to see him tonight, at my house if he can make it.告诉他今晚我要见他，行的话就在我家。

Unit21)该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。

（deny, commercial）The company denied that its donation had a commercial purpose.2)每当他生气的时候，他说话就有一点结巴。

（stammer）Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.3)教育是我们家庭最看重的传统，这就是为什么我从不带我到昂贵的饭店吃饭，却送我到最好的私立学校上学。

（cherish）Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That's why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school.4)手术康复后不久，他失业了，因此经历了人生的又一个困难阶段。

（shortly after, go through）Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.5)与我们的富裕邻居相比，我们的父母就相当穷了，但是他们总是努力满足我们最起码的要求。

（affluent, minimal）In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they always tried hard to meet our minimal needs.随着捐款源源不断的进来，我校明年的财务状况会好多。

这样我们就能集中应对我们作为教育工作者必须承担的最重要的任务：鼓励学生实现他们的血液目标，培养他们成为有责任感、靠得住的人，使他们对将来的生活有所准备，并在他们追求物质及精神满足的过程中给予指导。

UNIT 1A 电路电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器、电感器和电容器等元件组成。

如果网络不包含能源，如电池或发电机，那么就被称作无源网络。

换句话说，如果存在一个或多个能源，那么组合的结果为有源网络。

在研究电网络的特性时，我们感兴趣的是确定电路中的电压和电流。

因为网络由无源电路元件组成，所以必须首先定义这些元件的电特性.就电阻来说，电压-电流的关系由欧姆定律给出，欧姆定律指出：电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。

在数学上表达为: u=iR (1-1A-1)式中 u=电压，伏特；i =电流，安培；R = 电阻，欧姆。

纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。

因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt 式中 di/dt = 电流变化率，安培/秒； L = 感应系数，享利。

电容两端建立的电压正比于电容两极板上积累的电荷q 。

因为电荷的积累可表示为电荷增量dq的和或积分，因此得到的等式为 u= ，式中电容量C是与电压和电荷相关的比例常数。

由定义可知，电流等于电荷随时间的变化率，可表示为i = dq/dt。

因此电荷增量dq 等于电流乘以相应的时间增量，或dq = i dt，那么等式 (1-1A-3) 可写为式中 C = 电容量，法拉。

归纳式(1-1A-1)、(1-1A-2) 和 (1-1A-4)描述的三种无源电路元件如图1-1A-1所示。

注意，图中电流的参考方向为惯用的参考方向，因此流过每一个元件的电流与电压降的方向一致。

有源电气元件涉及将其它能量转换为电能，例如，电池中的电能来自其储存的化学能，发电机的电能是旋转电枢机械能转换的结果。

有源电气元件存在两种基本形式：电压源和电流源。

其理想状态为：电压源两端的电压恒定，与从电压源中流出的电流无关。

因为负载变化时电压基本恒定，所以上述电池和发电机被认为是电压源。

另一方面，电流源产生电流，电流的大小与电源连接的负载无关。

一流之举二战时期，我在战火纷飞的曼彻斯特长大。

对于许多家庭来说，岁月的艰难，钱财的短缺，焦虑的充斥，使得他们成为当铺的常客。

我的家庭也不例外。

但是，我有着最进取最乐观的父母，他们用辛勤的劳作、自尊和无穷的欢乐维系着这个家。

我的父亲身强力壮，才华横溢，几乎没有什么他办不了，他从来不缺乏木匠般手巧的技艺。

他甚至偶尔参加后街拳击赛来补贴家用。

我的母亲很是节约，特别爱干净。

尽管条件很困难，她总是将五个孩子喂饱喝足、穿戴干净后送他们去上学。

可问题在于，尽管我的衣服烫得像刀刃那样平整，皮鞋擦得闪闪发光，但并非所有的着装都符合校服标准。

尽管母亲省吃俭用帮我买到大多数学校规定的衣服，我还是没有学校规定要穿的蓝色运动衫和帽圈。

由于战争原因，政府配给制度得以实行，大多数学校因此放宽了对合适校服的标准，因为大家都知道在那艰难的岁月，能弄到衣服并非易事。

但是，我所在的女子学校还是制定了严格的政策，那就是每位学生必须合理穿着。

于是，那个每天管集合的副女校长就会训我一顿，这已经成了她每天必须要做的事。

尽管我试图解释为什么我不能服从校方的规定，尽管我正每天向所谓的“完美服装”取得一点小小的进步，我还是每天会被拉出来站到台上作为一个鲜活的反面例子。

每天，我站在同伴们面前，大多是独自一人，强忍着眼泪，尴尬无比。

惩罚还没有结束，我还被拒绝参加体操队和周末的舞会课，那些都是我很喜欢的。

我真的希望在这所可恶的学校里有这么一位老师，她能睁大双眼看到我能做的，而不是不停地告诉我不能做什么。

然而，以我12岁的心智，我别无选择，只能默默忍耐，我深知不告诉我善良的母亲这每天惯例屈辱的重要性。

我不能冒这样的风险，让她冲到学校替我说话，因为我知道那些思想狭隘、固执己见的教员也同样会伤害她，这会使我们两个都郁闷、愤怒。

哦，千万不要，如果她告诉父亲，父亲会立刻冲到学校为了我而大打出手。

然后有一天，我们从一家报纸上赢得了一张免费摄影券。

我欣喜若狂，一想到我会像好莱坞女明星那样被拍成华美的照片时，我更是心潮澎湃。

Unit2 为什么乌龟的背壳凹凸不平1. 从远处他妻子们的那些小木屋传来的低声细语，时不时地被歌声打断，但是奥康瓦还是听到了。

这是妻子们同各自的孩子在讲民间故事。

爱克蔚菲和她的女儿,爱金玛坐在一块小地毯上。

现在,轮到爱克蔚菲讲故事了。

霎时，低声细语静了下来，所有人的目光都转向了他们最喜欢故事能手。

2. “很久很久以前,”她开始讲道,“所有的鸟儿都被邀请去天上参加一个宴会。

他们都非常高兴,开始为这盛大的日子做准备。

他们把自己的身体涂成深红色,用颜料在身上画出漂亮的图案。

”3. “乌龟见到了这些准备活动。

并很快了解了事情的来龙去脉。

任何发生在动物界里的风吹草动都难逃他的法眼;因为他狡黠无比，诡计多端。

一听说天上将举行盛大的宴会,不禁垂涎三尺。

当时正在闹饥荒,乌龟已经有两个月没吃到过一顿好饭了。

他的身子就像一个干柴棍一样,在空荡荡的躯壳里咔咔作响。

于是他开始稳扎稳打地计划怎样上天去了。

”4. “可是他没有翅膀呀。

”爱金玛说。

5.“耐心点,”妈妈回答到,“故事的关键就在这里。

乌龟没有翅膀,但是他去找鸟类,恳请能被允许跟他们一块儿去。

”6. “‘我们太了解你了,’听到他的请求后众鸟儿说。

‘你不但狡猾无比,而且还忘恩负义。

如果允许你跟我们一块儿去,你不久就会故伎重演。

我们老早就把你看透了。

”7.“‘你们还是不了解我,’乌龟说。

‘我已经脱胎换骨了。

我已不再是你们过去所知的那个热衷于调皮捣蛋的人了。

相反,我现在既体贴又善良。

我已认识到，给别人制造麻烦就是在给自己制造麻烦。

请放心,我发誓我不会再给你们制造任何麻烦了。

”8.“乌龟巧舌如簧,不一会儿,所有的鸟儿一致认为他确实已经脱胎换骨了;于是,每个鸟儿都给他一根羽毛,用这些羽毛，乌龟做了一对绚丽多彩的翅膀。

”9. “最后，这盛大的日子终于来临,乌龟第一个到达集合地点。

所有的鸟儿都到齐后,他们就一块儿动身。

飞在鸟儿中间，乌龟非常高兴;而且由于他擅长演说,他不久就被推选为大伙儿的发言人。

新编大学英语2 第二篇课文翻译Unit 1善良之心，久久相依当时我没有意识到，是爸爸帮我保持平衡奥古斯塔斯 J 布洛克1 随着我渐渐长大，当别人看见我和爸爸在一起，我会觉得很尴尬。

他身材矮小，走起路来跛得很厉害。

我们一起走时，他要把手搭在我的肩上才能保持平衡，人们就会盯着我们看。

对这种不必要的注意我觉得非常难堪。

他也许曾注意到，或着觉得烦恼，但他从来没有流露出来。

2 要协调我们的步伐并不容易，他(的步子)一瘸一拐的，我(走起来)则缺乏耐心。

因此，我们走路的时候并不怎么说话。

但出发时，他总是说：“你定步伐，我会尽量跟上。

”3 我们通常在家和地铁之间来往，这是他上班的必由之路。

不论生病还是碰到恶劣的天气他都去上班，几乎没有旷过一天工。

即使别人无法上班，他也要去办公室。

对他来说这是一种自豪。

4 当地上有冰或雪的时候，即使有人帮忙他也无法走路。

这时，我或者我的姐妹就用孩子玩的雪撬拉着他，穿过纽约布鲁克林的街道，直到地铁的入口处。

一到那儿，他就能紧紧抓住扶手一直走下去, 地铁道里比较暖和，下面的楼梯不结冰。

曼哈顿的地铁站正好是他办公楼的地下室，因此除了从布鲁克林我们去接他的地方到回家为止，他都不用再出去。

5 一个成年男子要有多少勇气才能承受这种屈辱和压力，我现在想来惊讶不已。

他从没有痛苦或抱怨，他是怎么做到这一步的我感到不可思议。

6 他从不把自己当作同情的对象，也从不对更幸运的或更能干的人表示任何嫉妒。

他在别人身上所寻找的是一颗“善心”。

如果他找到了一颗善心，那么有这么颗心的人对他来说就是一位大好人了。

7 由于年龄的增长，我相信那是一种用来判断人的恰当的标准，尽管我还不能精确地知道什么是一颗“善心”。

但是，当我自己没有的时候，我是知道的。

8 尽管很多活动我爸爸不能参加，但他还是尽量用某种方式参与。

当本地的一支棒球队发现缺经理的时候，他使它维持下去。

他是一个很懂行的棒球迷，经常带我去埃贝茨球场看布鲁克林的道奇队打球。

启诺国际教育Chino International Education Group课文生词英译英解释Unit 1. ( High 1 --- Word Explanation )34. amusing --- An amusing person or thing makes you laugh or smile.35. energetic --- An energetic person has a lot of energy. Energetic activities require a lot of energy.36. intelligent --- ADJ An intelligent person has the ability to think, understand, and learn things quickly and well. intelligent --- ADJ Something that is intelligent has the ability to think and understand instead of doing things by instinct.37. nervous--- ADJ If you are nervous, you are worried and frightened, and show this in your behaviour.nervous--- ADJ A nervous person is very tense and easily upset.nervous--- ADJ BEFORE N A nervous illness or condition is one that affects your mental state.38. organized --- ADJ BEFORE N An organized activity or group involves a number of people doing something together ina structured way, rather than doing it by themselves.organized --- ADJ People who are organized work in an efficient and effective way.39. patient --- N-COUNT A patient is a person who is receiving treatment from a doctor or who is registered with a doctor.organized --- ADJ If you are patient, you stay calm and do not get annoyed, for example when something takes a long time.40. serious --- ADJ Serious problems or situations are very bad and cause people to be worried or afraid.serious --- ADJ Serious matters are important and deserve careful thought.serious --- If you are serious about something, you are sincere about it, and not joking.serious --- ADJ Serious people are thoughtful, quiet, and do not laugh very often.41.shy --- ADJ A shy person is nervous and uncomfortable in the company of other people.shy --- ADJ & VERB If you are shy of doing something, or if you shy away from doing it, you are unwilling to do it,often because you are afraid or not confident enough.shy --- VERB When a horse shies, it moves away suddenly because something has frightened it.42. strict --- ADJ A strict rule or order is very precise or severe and must be obeyed absolutely.strict --- ADJ A strict person does not tolerate behaviour which is not polite or obedient, especially from children.strict --- ADJ BEFORE N The strict meaning of something is its precise meaning.strict --- ADJ BEFORE N You use strict to describe someone who never does things that are against their beliefs. For example, a strict vegetarian never eats meat.43. impression --- N-COUNT Your impression of someone or something is what you think they are like. Your impressionof a situation is what you think is going on.impression --- N-SING If someone or something gives a particular impression, they cause you to believe that something is the case, often when it is not actually the case.impression --- N-COUNT If you do an impression of someone, you imitate their voice or manner in an amusing way.impression --- N-COUNT An impression of an object is the mark that it has left after being pressed hard onto a surface.44. avoid --- VERB If you avoid something unpleasant that might happen, you take action in order to prevent it fromhappening.avoid --- VERB If you avoid doing something, you make a deliberate effort not to do it.avoid --- I avoid working in places which are too public...avoid --- VERB If you avoid someone or something, you try not to have contact with them.avoid --- VERB If a person or vehicle avoids someone or something, they change the direction they are moving in, so that they do not hit them.45. hate --- VERB & N-UNCOUNT If you hate someone or something, or if you have feelings of hate towards them, youhave an extremely strong dislike for them.hate --- VERB You can use hate in expressions such as `I hate to say it' and `I hate to tell you' when you want to express regret about what you are about to say.46. incorrectly --- Something that is incorrect is wrong or untrue.47. completely --- ADJ If something is complete, it contains all the parts that it should contain.completely --- ADJ You use complete to emphasize that something is as great in degree or amount as it possibly can be.completely --- VERB If you complete something, you finish doing or producing it.completely --- ADJ AFTER V-LINK If a task is complete, it is finished.completely --- VERB To complete a set or group means to provide the last item that is needed to make it a full set or group.completely --- VERB To complete a form means to write the necessary information on it.completely --- PHRASE If one thing comes complete with another, it has that thing as an extra or additional part. 48. PHRASE --- If one thing comes complete with another, it has that thing as an extra or additional part.PHRASE --- N-COUNT --- A phrase is a short group of words that are used as a unit and wPHRASE --- VERB --- If you phrase something in a particular way, you say or write it in that way.PHRASE --- PHRASE --- If someone has a particular turn of phrase, they have a particular way of saying or writing something.49. appreciate --- VERB If you appreciate something, you like it because you recognize its good qualities.appreciate --- VERB If you appreciate a situation or problem, you understand it and know what it involves.appreciate --- VERB If you say that you appreciate something someone has done for you, you mean that you are grateful for it.appreciate --- VERB If something appreciates over a period of time, its value increases.appreciate --- Houses will appreciate in value.50.scientific --- VERB If you appreciate something, you like it because you recognize its good qualities.scientific --- VERB If you appreciate a situation or problem, you understand it and know what it involves.scientific --- VERB If you say that you appreciate something someone has done for you, you mean that you are grateful for it.scientific --- VERB If something appreciates over a period of time, its value increases.51. literature --- N-UNCOUNT Novels, plays, and poetry are referred to as literature.literature --- N-UNCOUNT Literature is printed information about something.52. loudly --- ADJ & ADV If a noise is loud, the level of sound is very high and it can easily be heard. Someone orsomething that is loud produces a lot of noise.loudly --- PHRASE If you say something out loud, you say it so that it can be heard, rather than just thinking it.loudly --- ADJ If someone is loud in their support or condemnation of something, they express their opinion very often and in a very strong way.loudly --- ADJ If you describe a piece of clothing as loud, you dislike it because it is too bright and tasteless.53. wave --- VERB & N-COUNT If you wave or wave your hand, or if you give a wave, you move your hand from side toside in the air, usually in order to say hello or goodbye to someone.wave --- VERB If you wave someone somewhere, you make a movement with your hand to indicate that they should move in a particular direction.wave --- VERB If you wave something, you hold it up and move it rapidly from side to side.wave --- N-COUNT A wave is a raised mass of water on the sea or a lake, caused by the wind or the tide.wave --- N-COUNT A wave is a sudden increase in a particular feeling, activity, or type of behaviour, especially an undesirable or unpleasant one.wave --- N-COUNT Wave is used to refer to the way in which things such as sound, light, and radio signals travel.wave --- See also new wave54. joke --- VERB & N-C If you joke, or if you make a joke, you say something amusing or tell a funny story to makepeople laugh.joke --- N-SING If you say that someone or something is a joke, you mean that they are ridiculous and not worthy of respect. [INFORMAL]55．Summary --- N-COUNT A summary is a short account of something giving the main points but not the details.Summary --- ADJ BEFORE N Summary actions are done without delay and without careful consideration.[FORMAL]56. respect --- VERB & N-UNCOUNT If you respect someone, or if you have respect for them, you have a good opinionof their character or ideas.respect --- VERB & N-UNCOUNT If you respect someone's wishes, rights, or customs, or if you show respect for them, you avoid doing things that they would dislike or regard as wrong.respect --- See also respected57. grade --- VERB If something is graded, its quality is judged or classified.grade --- N-COUNT he grade of a product is its quality.grade --- N-COUNT Your grade in an examination is the mark that you get.grade --- N-COUNT Your grade in a company or organization is your level of importance or your rank.grade --- N-COUNT In schools in the United States, a grade is a group of classes in which all the children are of a similar age.grade --- PHRASE If someone makes the grade, they succeed, especially by reaching the required standard.[INFORMAL]58. headmaster --- A headmaster is a man who is the head teacher of a school. [BRITISH]59. headmistress --- A headmistress is a woman who is the head teacher of a school. [BRITISH]60. period --- N-COUNT A particular period is a particular length of time.period --- ADJ Period costumes, furniture and instruments were made at an earlier time in history, or look as if they were made then.period --- N-COUNT When a woman has a period, she bleeds from her womb. This usually happens once a month, unless she is pregnant.period --- N-COUNT In American English, a period is the punctuation mark () which you use at the end of a sentence when it is not a question or an exclamation. The British term is full stop61. revision --- VERB If you revise something, you alter it in order to make it better or more accurate.revision --- VERB When you revise for an examination, you read things again in order to learn them thoroughly.[BRITISH]62. translation --- VERB If something that someone has said or written is translated, it is said or written again in adifferent language.translation --- VERB To translate one thing into another means to convert it into something else.63. translation --- 1. VERB If something that someone has said or written is translated, it is said or written again in adifferent language.translation --- VERB To translate one thing into another means to convert it into something else.64. timetable --- 1. N-COUNT A timetable is a plan of the times when particular events are to take place.timetable --- N-COUNT A timetable is a list of the times when trains, boats, buses, or aeroplanes arrive at or depart from a place.65. topic --- A topic is a particular subject that you write about or discuss.66. vacation --- . N-VAR In American English, a vacation is a period of time when you are not working and are away fromhome for relaxation. The British word is holiday.vacation --- N-COUNT A vacation is a period of the year when universities or colleges are officially closed.67. revise --- VERB If you revise something, you alter it in order to make it better or more accurate.revise --- VERB When you revise for an examination, you read things again in order to learn them thoroughly.[BRITISH]68. discipline --- N-UNCOUNT Discipline is the practice of making people obey rules or standards of behaviour, andpunishing them when they do not.discipline --- VERB If someone is disciplined for something that they have done wrong, they are punished for it. discipline --- N-UNCOUNT Discipline is the quality of being able to behave or work in a controlled way.discipline --- N-COUNT A discipline is an area of study, especially a subject of study in a college or university.[FORMAL]69. relationship --- N-COUNT The relationship between two people or groups is the way they feel and behave towards eachother.relationship --- N-COUNT A relationship is also a close friendship between two people, especially one involvingromantic or sexual feelings.relationship ---N-COUNT The relationship between two things is the way in which they are connected.70.formal --- ADJ Formal speech or behaviour is correct and serious, rather than relaxed and friendly, and is used especiallyin official situations.formal ---ADJ BEFORE N A formal statement, action, or event is an official one.formal ---ADJ BEFORE N Formal education or training is given in a school or college.71. relaxed --- VERB If you relax, or if something relaxes you, you feel calmer and less worried or tense.relaxed --- VERB When your body or a part of it relaxes, it becomes less stiff, firm, or tense.relaxed --- VERB If you relax your grip on something, you hold it less tightly than before.relaxed --- VERB If you relax a rule, you make it less strict.72. similarly --- ADV You use similarly to say that something is similar to something else.similarly ---ADV You use similarly to say that there is a correspondence or similarity between the way two things happen or are done.。

Unit 2：可再生能源——简介看起来好像许多国家，也包括大多数美国城市，正在认真研究一项确定最佳替代能源的运动。

《京都条约》的签订就是一个证明。

各相关团体和个人的首要目的就是减少温室气体和污染物。

这些可再生能源已证明非常有助于减少有毒物质——能源消耗所产生的副产品。

这些能源也保护大部分人们用作能源资源的自然资源。

例如，太阳能电池板把阳光转化为能量之后，阳光仍然可以照耀他人，为他们所利用。

哪些是最常见的可再生能源？以下所列将给你提供一些基本信息：１. 太阳能应用太阳的强大能量当然已不是什么新鲜事了。

从古代人们就开始捕获太阳辐射的光和热。

由于技术的迅猛发展，我们现在能够把太阳光储存在太阳能电池里。

自20世纪50年代以来，太阳能技术不断发展，并且取得了相当大的进步。

这一过程把来自太阳的热量转化为电力。

利用太阳光,安放在屋顶上的光伏电池被用来加热水。

水进入能储存能量的储水箱中，可以随时被使用。

但是你并不需要所有的这些科学过程就能从太阳能获益。

你真正要做的就是，在阳光明媚的日子里打开窗户和百叶窗，让阳光照射进来。

迄今为止，利用这种能源的最大缺点就是它会受到限制。

很显然在夜间和雨天，甚至是多云的天气里没法使用太阳能。

这方面已通过建太阳能发电站加以改进。

然而由于费用太高，全世界并没有多少太阳能发电站。

2. 风能风能是另一种古老的能源，已被水手、农民和建筑师们利用多年，甚至远至五千年前就有记载。

来自风的能量对风力涡轮机的叶片增压，在此过程中，电能通过发电机产生。

过去人们发明了风车，这样机械装置就可以替代体力劳动，包括在种植和耕作中至关重要的抽水和磨碎谷物。

现在有大型的风力发电厂，其最终产品被输送到国家电网以及个人的小型涡轮机，来把电输送到偏远的地区和家庭。

这种能源有诸多优点。

当然，最主要的一点就是它不会产生任何对环境有害的副产品。

而且我们永远也不会耗尽这种可再生能源。

风能的一个主要缺点就是它的速度和方向不会持续不变，因此风力涡轮机必须能够随着风向的转变而移动。

第2章计算机硬件第一部分阅读和翻译A部分计算机主板一块母板是屮央或主印刷电路板（PCB）组成一个复杂的电子系统，比如在现代计算机屮。

它也被称为主板，系统板或者平面板。

在苹果计算机屮，被称为逻辑板，有时也被缩写为moboo 大部分现在制造的母板都是为IBM兼容机设计的。

在2005年，IBM兼容机占有肴96%的国际个人计算机份额。

为IBM兼容机设计的母板广泛的岀现在计算机母板的文章屮。

母板就像背板一样，使用其他部分的系统通讯提供电了连接，但是和背板不同。

背板可以包括屮央处理器单元和其他子系统，比如实时钟表和外伟I接口。

一个典型的桌面计算机是由微处理器、主内存和其他必不可少的在母板上组件组成的。

其他纽•件，比如外部存贮器、显卡、声卡和外围设备部被电缆连接在母板上。

尽管在现代计算机屮这种把外设和母板综合在一起的行为非常普遍。

组件和特性种特定的桌面母板包括大型印刷电路。

它掌握着组件和相互连接以及各种物理连接（各种插槽和数据头）。

这些组件可能被插入或者连接在母板上。

大部分母板至少包括：•为微处理器（CPU）提供的插槽。

•系统主内存插槽。

特别是以DIMM模块的形式，包括动态内存芯片（DRAM）。

•由芯片组组成的在CPU前端总线和主内存以及外设总线的接口。

•非易失的存贮芯片，通常是Flash ROM,包括系统的固件或BIOSo• 一个时钟生成器，产生系统时钟信号，來同步各种组件。

•为扩展卡提供的插槽（这些到系统的接口通过芯片组总线来支持）。

•电源连接口和电路，用来从计算机电源屮接收电能，以及把电能分发到CPU、芯片组、主内存和扩展卡上。

另外，几乎所有的母板都包括逻辑连接器，用來支持通用的输入设备，比如为键盘和鼠标提供PS/2接口。

早期的个人计算机比如Apple II或者IBM Pc在母板上提供最小的外设支持。

有时显示接口硬件也被集成在母板上，比如在Apple II上，但是很少在IBM兼容机上，比如IBM PC Jr。

UNIT2‎TEXT‎A富克‎斯·巴特菲‎尔德‎当郑‎金枝的父亲‎用积蓄的钱‎为她买了一‎张票，让她‎乘上一条将‎带她离开越‎南的渔船时‎，她才9岁‎。

对这个家‎庭来说，将‎金枝送上小‎船，置身于‎陌生人中间‎，是一种令‎人心碎、代‎价昂贵的牺‎牲。

他们只‎愿她最终能‎到达美国，‎在那儿受到‎良好的教育‎，享受更美‎好的生活。

‎‎对小女孩‎来说，这是‎一次充满危‎险的艰苦旅‎程。

在小船‎到达安全之‎地以前很久‎，食物和水‎的贮备已经‎用完。

当金‎枝最终到达‎美国后，她‎又不得不同‎一连3个收‎养家庭相处‎。

但是当她‎1998年‎从圣地亚哥‎的帕特里克‎·亨利中学‎毕业时，她‎取得了全优‎的成绩以及‎这个国家最‎享盛名的几‎所大学提供‎的奖学金。

‎‎“我必须‎取得好成绩‎，”这个现‎为康奈尔大‎学二年级学‎生的19岁‎姑娘说，“‎这样我才对‎得起在越南‎的父母。

”‎‎金枝是一‎群聪明伶俐‎、积极进取‎的美籍亚裔‎中的一员，‎他们正突然‎潮水般地涌‎入我们最好‎的大学。

虽‎然美籍亚裔‎只占全国人‎口的2.4‎%，但他们‎在哈佛的本‎科生中却占‎了17.1‎%，在麻‎省理工学院‎占了18%‎，在加州大‎学伯克利分‎校占了27‎.3%。

‎‎为什么美籍‎亚裔的成绩‎这样优秀呢‎他们是否‎像一些陈旧‎的看法所暗‎示的那样是‎些埋头用功‎的学生他‎们是否有更‎高的智商‎或者在我们‎一向珍视，‎但也许已经‎丢失的价值‎观----‎如敬业、家‎庭和教育等‎方面，我们‎是否可以向‎他们学到一‎些有用的东‎西呢‎并非‎所有的亚裔‎人都学得一‎样好；比如‎，没受过什‎么教育的柬‎埔寨难民的‎孩子就常常‎需要特殊的‎帮助。

许多‎美籍亚裔人‎不喜欢被称‎为“模范的‎少数民族”‎，他们感到‎这是美国白‎人的逆向歧‎视----‎虽与196‎5年以前排‎斥大多数亚‎洲移民进入‎美国的法律‎截然不同，‎但仍是一种‎偏见。

—、中译英1、Current rapid prototyping software based on STL model has limitations in accuracy and flexibility that restricts its industrial application to some extent. A new software directly driven by the 3D CAD system GEMS 6.0 is developed with the abilities of adaptively slicing the object into layers,taking zigzag or spiral way of filling each layer, automatically generating auxiliary support structure and outputting CLI file. Some key algorithms and application examples are illustrated.目前国内普遍使用的基于STL模型的快速成型软件在梢确度和灵活性上都存在着很多缺陷, 在一定程度上影响了快速成型技术在生产屮所起的作用.以三维儿何造型系统EM56.0为平台，实现了一个基于CAD模型的肓接快速成型软件，可进行分层、填充、构造支撑体以及生成CLI文件等.针对其，1,的若干问题给出了相应的算法和应用实例.2^ The tolerance and generation of the stair - enor in RP were studied・ By using the normal vector information of the tri ng on facets in ST L file ,a calaculating method of Stair - error was proposed and a slice adapt algorithm which will save the time of mold manufacturing was presented o 研究了快速成型过程中阶梯误差的产生与度量，并利用ST L文件中的三处形面片的法欠最信息给出了阶梯谋羌的计算方法，提出了可变分层厚度的算法，采用白适应分层来减少成型时间的方案.3、The method for obtaining geometrictopological informatin of CADModels from STEP files i s discussed, a nd a STEP based direct slici n g metho d i s proposed- Th c di r c c t slicing t c c h ni q u cbased o n AutoCAD i s s t u di e d, a DXF ba s e d alone ope ratedslicing me t ho d for surface f r a me CA D mo dels i s given, and a di r e c t s 1 i c i ng me t ho d op e r a t e d u nd e r AutoCAD for e nt i t y mo d e 1 s i s p r e s e nt e d. Th e me t h o d s ha v e been realized, and proved t o b e feasible and effective.探讨了从STEP中性物理文件中获取CAD模型几何拓扑信息的方法，提出了基于STEP的直接分层处理方法。