Lesson 8 The best and the worstNew words and expressionscompetition [ˌkɔmpiˈtiʃən] n.比赛,竞赛neat [ni:t] adj.整齐的,整洁的path [pɑ:θ]n.小路,小径wooden [ˈwudn] adj.木头的pool [pu:l] n.水池competit ion [ˌkɔmpiˈtiʃən] n.比赛,竞赛(contest)She came first in the beauty competition.她在选美比赛得了第一名.boxing competition 拳击赛chess competition 棋类赛competition between ( two parties ) 双方之间的比赛competition with sb for sth 与…竞争,角逐The competition between Joe and Bill for “the best garden prize”. --- Joe competed with Bill for “the best garden” prize.competition between bidders for the valuable paintingcompete v. [kəm'pi:t]compete against sb/compete with sb 与…比赛,和…竞争Several companies are competing against each other for the contract.lion’s contract单方面的契约–源自<<伊索寓言>>competitor [kəm'petitə] n.竞争者,比赛者,对手This firm provides better service than its competitors.competitive [kəm'petitiv] adj.竞争的,竞争性的competitive spirit 竞争心,竞争意识competent ['kɔmpitənt] 有能力的competence [ˈkɔmpitəns] n.能力She is competent for (doing) the task. ---She is competent to do the task.neat [ni:t] adj.整齐的,整洁的,有序的a neat rooma neat gardena neat roada neat writing 书写整洁clean adj.干净的,无杂质的clean handsclean aira clean roomtidy 整洁的,整齐的,用法类似于neatneat adj.(口语)纯的,不搀水的,没有杂质的(美语用straight来表达)a neat whisky 纯威士忌That’s neat! (That’s great!)太棒了!path [pɑ:θ] (footpath)市镇中间,住宅之前或田野中穿越田地,沿路有标志的人行道lane [lein]1) 乡间小径a narrow country lane2) 各自的跑道 (田径场上),保龄球球道3) overtaking lane (高速公路上的)超车道road 路,道路,公路country road 乡村小路by road= by car or by busAll roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马.track1) (走得多而形成的路;跑道;轨道)track events 径赛项目a single track 单轨a double track 双轨2) (车辆,人,动物等行走时留下的)踪迹,足迹,痕迹tire tracks 轮胎的轨迹keep track of sb/sth 与某人/某事保持联系on the right track 做得对track and field 田径赛be on the track of a person 追赶,追踪某人street 街,街道(美国指东西走向的街道)His address is 155 Smith Street.avenue ['ævənju:] 大街 (美国指南北走向街道);林荫大道(Br)the Fifth avenue 第五大道wooden [ˈwudn] adj.木头的wood [wud]1) 木,木材(不可数名词)Tables are usually made of wood2) woods 森林(不如forest 大)go for a walk in the woods 在森林中散步3) 柴禾 firewood; chop woodCannot see the wood for the trees. 只见树木,不见森林.knock on the wood (touch wood)西方人的一种迷信,说完好运后,敲木头,以免好运溜走. adj. 1) 木制的a wooden bridge over a pool2) 举止行为僵硬而笨拙的a wooden smilea wooden performancewooden spoon 最后一句,末等奖I get the wooden spoon in “the Nicest Garden Competition” every year.born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth生于富贵之家woody [ˈwʊdi:] adj.木材的,木质的,象木头的pool [pu:l]1) 水池,水坑,水塘swimming pool 游泳池pond 池塘(尤指供牲口饮水或作为花园之装饰)a fish pond 养鱼池lake 湖2) 合伙投资We bought a computer by the pool.我们合伙买了一台电脑.Key Structures形容词,副词的比较级和最高级英语中的形容词,副词,表示”比较”和”最”这样的概念时,用特别的形式称为比较级和最高级. 有两种基本构成方式:第一种是单音节的adj.或adv.变比较级或最高级直接加er或esthot---hotter---hottesttall---taller-tallestlarge—larger—largest另外一种是多音节的(三音节及以上的)adj.或adv.变比较级或最高级前面加more或most. interesting-more interesting—most interestingbeautiful-more beautiful—most beautiful双音节的形容词,副词的比较级,最高级变化:A. 以-ble, -y, -ly, -er, -ow结尾的双音节词,后加er,est.noble—nobler—noblestable—abler—ablestpretty—prettier—prettiestearly—earlier—earliestclever—cleverer---cleverestnarrow—narrower—narrowestB. 其它双音节词前加more,mostmore helpfulmore careful还有一些比较特殊,如:good/well-better-bestbad/ill-worse-worstmany/much-more-mostlittle-less-leastfar-father/further-farthest/furthest当表示路很远,距离更远,是具体的远,能测出尺度的,这时用farther,farthest;表示更进一步,更深入的,表示一种抽象的含义时,用further,furthest;further study 深造学习further questions 更进一步的问题old-older-oldest 表示普通含义更老一些,更旧一些,用older,oldest;old-elder-eldest 表示有血源关系的,年龄更长的,最年长的,用elder,eldest.1) 形容词的比较级用来表示”比…多(少)一些”时,通常用than来表示,than引起的状态从句来表示和什么相比,为了避免重复,从句中有些成分可以活力,只把相比部分突出来,如:Prevention is better than cure.(谚)预防胜于治疗;宜未雨绸缪.There are fewer boys than girls in our class.It takes less time to go there by bus than by boat.Are you feeling better?I had never seen a better film.2) 形容词的最高级在使用时,前面通常要加定冠词the, 并有一个短语或从句表示在哪个范围的情况如此. Autumn is the best season here.It was the cheapest hotel we could find.That was the most delicious meal I have ever had.但在作表语的形容词最高级前,如果不是和别人相比,常常不加定冠词.We are busiest on Tuesdays.Vegetables are best when they are fresh.3) 比较原则:A. 比较对象对等一致原则It’s warmer in Wuhan than Shanghai. (wrong)---It’s warmer in Wuhan than in Shanghai. (right)Bill Frith’s garden is larger than Joe’s.There are more students in our class than in your class.B. 排除自身去比较He is the tallest.He is taller than anyone. (wrong)---He is taller than anyone else.Wuhan is hotter than any other city.Exercise: 用of或in填空1. Which is the longest river (in) the world?2. This is the finest picture (of) them all.3. This stereo is the most expensive (of) all the ones in the shops.4. He is the best boxer (in) our town规律:当表示最高级时,比较范围如果是比较地点,用in 来表达;比较平等对象之间,用of来表达.in the worldof them allof all the onesin our townTextJoe Sanders has the mos t beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for “The Nicest Garden Competition” each year, but Joe wins every time.Bill Frith’s garden is larger than Joe’s. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe’s garden i s more interesting.He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!乔.桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园。
