被动语态说课讲解

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精品文档 一、被动语态

一、主动语态和被动语态

在英语中，动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态+构成：be+dore.注：谓语动词必须是及物动词，其执行者可由by引出，“被，由”往往放在句末，如不强调动作的执行者时可省略。

Many people speak English.(主动语态) 许多人讲英语。

English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)英语被许多人讲。

二、各种时态的被动语态形式归纳。

二、各种时态的被动语态形式归纳（以动词give为例） 一般时态

进行时态 完成时态

现在 am(is, are)+done am(is, are)+being done has（have）+been done

过去 was(were)+done was(were)+being done Had been done

将来 shall(will)+ be done shall(will)+have been

done

过去

将来 should(would)+be

done should(would)+have

been done

含有情

态动词 can/should/must/could/may be done

三、主动语态变被动语态的方法。(可举例说明)

主动语态变被动语态的方法：将主动句的宾语变成主语，将主动句的谓语变成被动式“be+及物动词的过去分词”，主动句的主语变成被动句中by的宾语（或省略）。

看下面表格：

①如果主动句中有两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语），可以把其中一个变成被动句的主语。注：如果将直接宾语变为被动句的主语，那么保留下来的间接宾语前需添加介词to或for.

My teacher gives me a lot of books.(主动语态)我的老师给我许多书。

主语 谓语 间宾 直宾

被动语态：I am given a lot of books by my teacher.

被动语态：A lot of books are given to me by my teacher.

②有些不及物动词加介词构成及物动词短语，如果变被动语态，不能把动词后的介词丢掉。

He looks after his younger sister. →His younger sister is looked after by him. 他照看他妹妹。 ③在主动语态中，在make, let, hear, see, watch, notice等词后跟省略to的动词不定式，但在被动语态中，to要还原。

We saw a stranger enter the hall. →A stranger was seen to enter the hall by us.

我们看到一个陌生人进入了大厅。

四、主动结构表被动意义

1.open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive等词做不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。如：

This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。

This kind of shirt sells well here. 这种样式的衬衫在这卖得很好。

2.look，sound，taste，smell，feel等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如

Uniforms look ugly on us．我们穿着制服很难看。

Moon cakes taste delicious．月饼尝起来很好吃。

3.动词need，require，want，deserve等后接v．-ing的主动结构表示被动意义。

The car needs cleaning.这辆汽车需要清洗了。

4．“want／need／require+doing”相当于“want／need／require+to be done”.to be done表示不定式的被动结构。如：

My bike needs repairing．=My bike needs to be repaired．我的自行车需要修理。

5.在be worth doing中，doing表被动意义。如：

This book is worth reading．这本书值得读一读.

6.有些动词如cook，print，do等，常用主动结构表示被动意义。

The lunch is cooking. 正在做午饭。

五、不用被动语态的6种情况

1.谓语为连系动词时，不用被动语态。

He looks fine. 他气色好。

2.谓语为不及物动词(短语)时，如happen, take place, break out, spread等不用被动语态。

The war broke out in the end. 战争终于爆发了。

An accident happened yesterday.

3.宾语为动词不定式、动词的-ing形式或从句，表示主语的一些想法、爱好或愿望时，一般不用被动语态。

He decided to go with us．他决定跟我们一起去。

I want to buy a computer. 我想买一台电脑。

4.宾语是相互代词、反身代词、同源宾语等时，一般不用被动语态。

We should help each other. 我们应该相互帮助。

We live a happy life here. 我们在这儿过着幸福的生活。

He thinks of himself too much. 他对自己想得太多。

5.宾语表示处所、地点时，一般不用被动语态。

We will reach the station in two hours. 我们再过两个小时就会到站了。

He has gone to London now. 他现在去伦敦了。

6.表示状态的动词，如have, own, belong to 等不能用被动语态。

( )1.—Look! What have you done?

—Sorry. I think if I another chance, I’ll do it better. 精品文档

精品文档 A. give B. will be given C. will give D. am given

( )2. —How clean and tidy your bedroom is!

—Thank you. It every day.

A. is cleaned B. cleans C. was cleaned D. is cleaning

( )3. —Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.

—I’m sorry, but I when to leave.

A. don’t tell B. didn’t tell C. wasn’t told D. haven’t told

( )4. —The pollution problem here seems to get more and more serious.

—Yes, something to stop it.

A. must do B. mustn’t do C. must be done D. mustn’t be done

( )5. On this website, the news every hour.

A. is updated B. will update C. updated D. will be undated

( )6. —Long time no see! —I to Zhengzhou for a meeting last month.

A. am sent B. was sent C. am sending D. was sending

( )7. The apples well because they nice.

A. are sold; look B. sell; look C. sell; are looked D. are sold; are

looked

( )8. the watch yet? I badly need it.

A. Does; repair B. Had; been repaired C. Is; repaired D. Has; been

repaired

( )9. The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he .

A. must be looked after well B. was looking after well

C. must take good care of D. must be taken good care

( )10. Usually before exams, the students two minutes to write down their names.

A. are given B. were given C. gave D. give

( )11. No children to watch this kinds of movie because it’s too scary.

A. should allow B. shouldn’t be allowed

C. should be allowed D. don’t allow

( )12.I little time to get ready for the test, so I wasn’t confident at that time.

A. gave B. was given C. didn’t give D. wasn’t given

( )13.I’m sure that stricter rules to control cigarette smoking very soon.

A. made B. will make C. were made D. will be made

( )14.—Doctor, it seems that you like to work with animals.