化工词汇中英对照

化工词汇中英对照

随着全球经济不断发展，化工工业也日渐成为国民经济发展的重要支柱产业之一。在这个行业中，许多的专业术语不仅需要理解其中文含义，同时也需要了解其英文对照，以适应国际化交流的需求。因此，在这篇文章中，我们将带领大家了解化工词汇中的中英对照，帮助大家更好地掌握这个行业的专业术语。

一、化学品类

1. 分子量 (Molecular weight) - The weight of a molecule of

a substance, expressed in atomic mass units (amu).

2. 合成树脂 (Synthetic resin) - A thermosetting or

thermoplastic material formed by the polymerization of a resin

and a hardener or catalyst.

3. 聚合物 (Polymer) - A large molecule consisting of many

repeating subunits, each of which is a monomer.

4. 酸 (Acid) - A substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+)

to a solution. Acids have a pH of less than 7.

5. 酸性物质 (Acidic substance) - A substance with a pH of

less than 7, indicating the presence of hydrogen ions.

6. 碱 (Base) - A substance that accepts hydrogen ions (H+)

in a solution. Bases have a pH of greater than 7. 7. 中性物质 (Neutral substance) - A substance with a pH of

7, indicating that it is neither acidic nor basic.

8. 溶剂 (Solvent) - A substance capable of dissolving

another substance to form a homogeneous mixture.

9. 溶解度 (Solubility) - The amount of a substance that can

dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature

and pressure.

10. 醇 (Alcohol) - A compound containing a hydroxyl (-OH)

group attached to a carbon atom.

11. 酮 (Ketone) - A compound containing a carbonyl (C=O)

group attached to two carbon atoms.

12. 酯 (Ester) - A compound formed by the reaction of an

alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

二、化学反应

1. 氧化 (Oxidation) - A chemical reaction in which a

substance loses electrons and/or gains oxygen.

2. 还原 (Reduction) - A chemical reaction in which a

substance gains electrons and/or loses oxygen.

3. 聚合 (Polymerization) - The process of forming a polymer

by joining together many monomers. 4. 缩聚 (Condensation) - A chemical reaction in which two

or more molecules combine, usually with the elimination of a

small molecule such as water, to form a larger molecule.

5. 加成 (Addition) - A chemical reaction in which a molecule

is added to a double or triple bond, resulting in the formation of a

new single bond.

6. 消除 (Elimination) - A chemical reaction in which a

molecule is removed from an organic compound, often resulting

in the formation of a double or triple bond.

7. 反应速率 (Reaction rate) - The rate at which a chemical

reaction occurs, usually measured as the change in concentration

of a reactant or product over time.

8. 活化能 (Activation energy) - The minimum amount of

energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.

9. 热力学能量 (Thermodynamic energy) - The energy

associated with the heat and work exchanged during a chemical

reaction.

三、化工设备与工艺

1. 反应釜 (Reactor) - A vessel used for carrying out

chemical reactions.

2. 搅拌器 (Agitator) - A device used to mix or stir a

substance. 3. 蒸馏塔 (Distillation column) - A tower used in the

process of distillation to separate components of a mixture based

on their boiling points.

4. 加热器 (Heater) - A device used to heat a substance.

5. 冷却器 (Cooler) - A device used to cool a substance.

6. 过滤器 (Filter) - A device used to remove impurities from

a substance.

7. 压力容器 (Pressure vessel) - A container designed to

hold substances at high pressure.

8. 计量泵 (Metering pump) - A device used to accurately

measure and deliver a liquid or gas.

9. 真空泵 (Vacuum pump) - A device used to create a

vacuum by removing air or gas from a system.

10. 管道系统 (Piping system) - A network of pipes used to

transport liquids or gases from one location to another.

四、安全与环境保护

1. 安全数据表 (Safety data sheet) - A document that

provides information about the hazards, handling, storage, and

disposal of a chemical substance.

2. 废物处理 (Waste disposal) - The process of safely

disposing of hazardous or non-hazardous waste. 3. 危险品标识 (Hazardous material labeling) - A system of

labeling and identification used to indicate the potential hazards

of a substance.

4. 化学品存储 (Chemical storage) - The safe and proper

storage of chemicals to prevent accidents and ensure the integrity

of the substances.

5. 环境影响评价 (Environmental impact assessment) - The

process of evaluating the potential environmental impacts of a

proposed project or operation.

6. 水污染防治 (Water pollution prevention and control) -

The prevention and control of the discharge of pollutants into

water sources.

7. 大气污染控制 (Air pollution control) - The prevention

and control of the emission of pollutants into the air.

总之，了解化工词汇中的中英对照是学习和掌握化工行业的基础，特别是在国际化交流中。我们需要不断学习和掌握这些专业词汇，以促进化工技术领域的发展和进步。