【参考文档】英文摘要范例分析-精选word文档 (6页)

英文樣張【英文文體一律使用Times New Roman，摘要頁面為A4一頁，內容包含題目、作者單位及內文一律以字形大小12 書寫；上下邊界 2.54cm、左右邊界3.17cm，無裝訂邊】Investigation of Strong Aftershock SequencesCheng-Horng LinInstitute of Earth Sciences, Academia SinicaAbstractThe 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake (Mw=7.6) triggered a huge number of strong aftershocks in the Taiwan area. Those earthquakes provide an ideal opportunity to statistically examine possible mechanisms of both earthquake triggering and fault interaction.IntroductionThe 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake (Mw = 7.6), one of the best instrumentally recorded earthquakes in the world (Teng et al., 2001), has provided another reliable seismic data set with which to examine possible mechanisms of earthquake triggering and fault interaction.ReferencesAndrew, M.F. and J. Lin, 2001: Delayed triggering of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake by viscoelastic stress transfer, Nature, 411, 180-183.Chen, K.C. and J.H. Wang, 1988: A study on two 1986 Hualien, Taiwan earthquakes and their aftershocks, Proc. Geol. Soc. China, 31, 65-72.Figure 1. Distribution of earthquakes (small dots) after the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake (a thick circle) and the general geology of the island of Taiwan. Most earthquakes are grouped into two seismic zones (i.e., the Chi-Chi and the Central Range seismic zones) marked by dashed-boxes. The regional seismic network(CWBSN) was marked by triangles.。

英文摘要的写作注意事项：1、英文摘要结构严谨，表达简明，语义确切。

尽量使用短句，慎用长句。

2、应采用第三人称表达方式,谓语动词用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般过去时。

进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。

3、英文摘要的语态既可采用主动，也可采用被动。

英语摘要十大万能模板框架一In the first paragraph of the dissertation, the author highlights that due attention has to be paid to__. Several fundamental factors have contributed to such a tendency. First and foremost, among the most convincing causes identified by people，one should be stressed, that is __. In addition, as far as the author is concerned，__ is of utmost significance to our society。

The last but not the least, as is illustrated in the last paragraph of the essay, the writer also takes __into consideration。

Given all the above argument, we can draw the conclusion that __ is indeed crucial。

在本段的第一段，作者强调我们必须充分重视＿（中心词).几个主要原因促成了这一趋势。

首先，在被人们确定的最有力的原因中，有一点原因应该得到重视，那就是＿（分论点一）。

其次，作者认为＿（分论点二）对我们的社会意义重大。

怎样写英文摘要（5篇）第一篇：怎样写英文摘要摘要的类型与基本内容根据内容的不同，摘要可分为以下三大类：报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道指示性摘要(1)报道性摘要(informative abstract)：也常称作信息性摘要或资料性摘要，其特点是全面、简要地概括论文的目的、方法、主要数据和结论。

通常,这种摘要可以部分地取代阅读全文。

(2)指示性摘要(indicative abstract)：也常称为说明性摘要、描述性摘要(descriptive abstract)或论点摘要(topic abstract)，一般只用二三句话概括论文的主题，而不涉及论据和结论，多用于综述、会议报告等。

该类摘要可用于帮助潜在的读者来决定是否需要阅读全文。

(3)报道-指示性摘要(informative-indicative abstract)：以报道性摘要的形式表述一次文献中的信息价值较高的部分，以指示性摘要的形式表述其余部分。

传统的摘要多为一段式，在内容上大致包括引言(Introduction)，材料与方法(Materials and Methods)，结果(Results)和讨论(Discussion)等主要方面，即IMRAD((Introduction，Methods，Results and Discussion)结构的写作模式。

20世纪80年代中期出现了另一种摘要文体，即“结构式摘要"(structured abstract),该摘要实质上是报道性摘要的结构化表达。

写摘要的注意事项摘要主要讲述本论文的要点。

结论写完以后再写摘要.摘要给人第一口苹果的品尝效果.审稿人一般用15分钟看摘要和引言.如果第一印象不好,他/她会去寻找理由建议主编退稿.5 摘要的读者面比论文全文的读者面大得多。

不要用第一人称。

写摘要的顺序第一句话：讲一下你这篇文章的研究意义（但是有的杂志不需要这句话）第二句话：以 To eluicdatie the mechanism..., To investigate....,或者for the purpose of....开头来讲述你这样研究的目的。

完整英文摘要第一篇：完整英文摘要lee's culture is located in the west of Long shan mountain, WeiShui river of the ancient county, is one of the cradles of Chinese ancient civilization, and also the birthplace of The lee.With Dunhuang culture, Tianshui fuxi culture, LaBuLengSi Tibetan Buddhism culture is one of four culture of Gansu province.But at present, the cultural development of West gansu is lagging behind, a lot of development and utilization of resources is difficult to get, it has to do withWest gansu geographical position relatively closed, human resources development has a close relationship.Lee's culture as an important form about culture, also suffered a bottleneck in its development, lee's cultural history and contemporary development not well together, especially in the promotion and development of invested is not enough, lead to lee's culture has been difficult to familiar to the general public.Local economic backward culture is difficult to promote the development process.Fully realize the importance of West gansu lee culture, reasonable and effective development of lee's culture, make its internal value have spread wider, deeper reach to culture to promote economic and cultural development dual goal.Cultural characteristicscountermeasuresThe economicdevelopment第二篇：摘要英文摘要温度是生产过程中常见和重要的物理参数。

英语论文摘要seems like we need to do some copy plus translation work.the differences in manners and customs between Chinese and western cultures.done. run your spell check please. I didnt pay any attention about spelling and the numbers of words while typing. add some words of your major couses.good luck and best wishes.英文摘要格式主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出，次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。

各数字或字母后均为一句点，空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目，其上下行左边必须对齐。

需要注意的是，同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上，即：有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ，有A应有B，以此类推。

如果英文论文提纲较长，需两页纸，则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码，即ii（第一页无需标页码）。

三、摘要1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。

（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。

2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。

3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,1.5倍行间距。

4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。

5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。

6、英文关键词：“Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。

四、正文有标题页和提纲页的英语论文，其正文第一页的规范格式为：论文标题居中，其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm，距正文第一行约1.5cm。

在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式，即：句末号（句号、问号及感叹号）后应空两格，其他标点符号后则空一格。

摘要我国在改革开放后对外纺织服装品服装经贸关系取得了长足的进展，加入世贸组织后，我国的外贸进一步增长。

但是由于我国生产和出口能力均居世界首位，极具竞争力。

其他国家由于保护本国纺织服装业的缘故，采取许多措施限制我国纺织服装品服装进口，也就因此出现了纺织服装品服装贸易摩擦，并且这种摩擦随着我国出口的增加而不断蔓延和升级，由此带来了很严重的影响，对我国纺织服装品服装出口的持续发展带来重大威胁。

本文在分析中外纺织服装品服装贸易摩擦现状基础上，对于贸易摩擦产生原因具体分析，指出中国纺织服装品服装所面临的机遇和问题，并由此对中国纺织服装品服装出口提出发展建议和对策。

关键词：纺织服装品服装贸易；贸易摩擦；竞争力；劳动力成本；比较优势ABSTRACTOur country after the reform of foreign trade and economic relations textile clothing has made considerable progress, after joining the wto, China trade further growth. But because our country production and export capacity are the highest in the world, the competitive. Othercountries due to protect the domestic textile industry's sake, have taken a lot of measures to restrict imports of Chinese textiles and garment, resulting in the textile and apparel trade friction, and the friction with China'sexports increased spreads and upgrade, which causes severe impact on China's textile and apparel exports the sustainable development bring major threat. Based on the analysis of sino-foreign textile and apparel trade friction status quo basis, for trade friction causes a concrete analysis, and points out that China's textile and apparel and opportunities facing the problem, then the Chinese textile clothing export puts forward some Suggestions and countermeasures.KEY WORDS:Textile and apparel trade; Trade friction, Competitiveness; Labour costs,Comparative advantage。

为了减小免耕播种开沟器的工作阻力和降低其对土壤的扰动，设计了拟合曲线型开沟器。

首先利用CATIA二维制图获取旗鱼头部轮廓曲线，然后根据相对位置坐标点采用分段多项式曲线拟合原理进行数学分析获得轮廓曲线，最后再根据拟合曲线数学模型及农艺要求确定开沟器结构参数。

开沟器的相关结构参数为入土角为30°，入土隙角为6°。

由于开沟器与土壤的相互作用运动是一个复杂的过程，故进行离散元仿真从细观角度来研究开沟器与土壤的相互作用。

建立土壤离散元模型，同时对相关的参数进行校准，保证试验数据的精度。

获得开沟深度、土壤含水率对土壤阻力的影响。

同时做了开沟深度对土壤扰动情况。

运用EDEM离散元法分析软件对拟合曲线型开沟器工作时受到的工作阻力及其对土壤扰动情况进行仿真分析。

通过改变土壤颗粒参数，分析了土壤含水率分别为12±1%、16±1%、20±1%，开沟器开沟深度分别为30mm、60mm、90mm，前进速度为0.5m/s 的条件下开沟器的工作阻力其对土壤扰动情况；仿真结果表明：综合因素条件下，开沟器的工作阻力随土壤含水率的增加而增大，随着开沟深度增加而增大，开沟器的水平阻力19.7~92.1N之间，垂直阻力在9.37~31.7N之间，对土壤颗粒的扰动宽度在140-200mm，回土深度在19-80mm。

为了检验离散元法仿真可信程度，对开沟器进行室内试验，利用应变片与测试系统测得开沟器在不同土壤含水率，不同开沟深度时工作时受到的工作阻力，及其对土壤的扰动情况，在室内土槽进行了开沟器的土槽试验。

由开沟器的离散元法仿真结果与试验测试结果可知，得出开沟器工作阻力仿真与试验结果的变化趋势大致相同，工作阻力都随开沟深度的增加而增加，随土壤含水率的增大而增大，其中仿真值均比试验值小；土壤含水率为12%条件下，以开沟深度为影响因素，在开沟深度为30mm时，工作阻力的仿真值与试验值误差为26%~27%；开沟深度为60mm时，工作阻力的仿真值与试验值误差在14%~19%之间；开沟深度为90mm时，工作阻力的仿真值与试验值误差在6%~10%之间；通过将仿真与试验测得的沟形形状参数进行对比，对比分析了开沟器对土壤的扰动情况，得出了随着开沟深度的增加，开沟器对土壤的扰动宽度在增加，回土深度也在增加，说明开沟器对土壤的扰动在增大，由于仿真用到的颗粒粒径较大，开沟器对土壤的扰动宽度仿真值要比试验值小106.7-140mm。

英文文章摘要怎么写英文文章摘要怎么写?英文文章摘要范文【1】abstractthe joy luck clubis written by famous chinese american writer amy tan in the end of 1980s. it isabout the experience of four mothers immigrating fromchinaand their four american born daughtersliving in theunited states.this paper mainly discusses the application of mitchells womens estate in the joyluck club. based on the position of women in society and family, writerthoroughly analyzes the oppressions on women.the paper includes threechapters, t heory of “womens estate”, the position of women in the joy luck club and consciousness-raisingreflected in the joy luck club. accordingly, it is reveals that the oppressionsgiven by men on women in families are inevitable, only can women have theability to liberate themselves.keywords: women; families; oppressions; mitchells“womens estate”论文英文标题、摘要等的写法【2】1.英文题名(标题)1) 题名的结构。

摘要企业发展战‎略就是企业‎为寻求和维‎持持久竞争‎优势而作出‎的有关全局‎的筹划和谋‎略，企业要在激‎烈的市场竟‎争中适应环‎境的变化，准确、有效地把握‎在环境变化‎中不断涌现‎的机遇和商机，并不断得到‎发展壮大，必须有明晰‎的企业发展‎战略。

2010年‎，在经济刺激‎计划和宽松‎货币政策的‎支撑下，世界经济复‎苏势头较为‎强劲。

进入201‎1年以来，世界经济短‎期向好，但是面临多‎方面复杂因‎素：地震和海啸‎致使日本经‎济陷入负增‎长，中东北非局‎势动荡不安‎，欧洲主权债‎务危机愈演‎愈烈，美国国债危‎机导致主权‎信用等级下‎调，大宗商品价‎格上涨引发‎新兴经济体‎通胀压力增‎大。

这为世界经‎济增长带来‎新的不确定‎性，加上各国经‎济刺激计划‎基本结束，世界经济、贸易和工业‎生产难以保‎持2010‎年的反弹性‎增长，增速明显放‎缓。

在全球经济‎日益一体化‎发展的今天‎，中国做为全‎球最大的新兴经济体‎，不可避免地‎将受到严重‎影响，人民币不断‎升值、大宗原材料‎价格快速上‎涨、技术工人短‎缺及汽车行‎业发展放缓‎，致使企业竞‎争加剧，利润空间下‎滑，企业面临着‎严竣的外部‎环境。

在新经济形‎势下求生存‎，在激烈竞争‎下求发展，在发展战略‎角度下寻求‎企业更大的‎发展空间，成为急切的‎研究课题。

本文从企业‎战略管理的‎基本理论出‎发，应用企业战‎略管理的分‎析模型和方‎法，结合及汽车‎散热器制造‎业的行业特‎点，对法拉达公‎司在新经济‎形势下的企‎业发展战略‎进行研究，从而确定适‎合公司发展‎的发展战略‎及实施发展‎战略的措施‎，为公司的下‎一步发展指‎明了明确的‎方向。

关键词：法拉达公司‎；汽车散热器‎制造业；发展战略Abstr‎a ct:The Plans‎and strat‎e gies‎that an enter‎p rise‎made for seeki‎n g and maint‎a inin‎g long-term compe‎t itiv‎e edge are the enter‎p rise‎devel‎o pmen‎t strat‎e gy. A busin‎e ss enter‎p rise‎must have a clear‎devel‎o pmen‎t strat‎e gy if he wants‎to adapt‎to envir‎o nmen‎t al chang‎e s, to accur‎a tely‎and effec‎t ivel‎y seize‎the oppor‎t unit‎y with it and make const‎a nt devel‎o pmen‎t and progr‎e ss in the inten‎s e marke‎t compe‎t itio‎n.In 2010, the world‎econo‎m y recov‎e red more robus‎t ly in suppo‎r t of the Stimu‎l us Packa‎g e and Quant‎i tati‎v e Easin‎g Polic‎y. Since‎2011, the world‎econo‎m y conti‎n ued to impro‎v e in short‎term, but faced‎compl‎e x facto‎r s in many ways: the earth‎quake‎and tsuna‎m i plung‎e d Japan‎e se econo‎m y into negat‎i ve growt‎h, the turbu‎l ence‎in Middl‎e East and North‎Afric‎a, the incre‎a sing‎l y fierc‎e ly sover‎e ign-debt crisi‎s in Europ‎e, debt crisi‎s in the U.S led it's sover‎eign credi‎t ratin‎g to be lower‎e d, bulk commo‎d ity price‎rise trigg‎e red Emerg‎i ng Econo‎mies being‎under‎press‎u re. All these‎broug‎h t fresh‎uncer‎t aint‎y to world‎econo‎m ic growt‎h. In addit‎i on, the stimu‎l us packa‎g e of count‎r ies has basic‎a lly come to an end, the world‎econo‎m y, trade‎and indus‎t rial‎produ‎c tion‎have diffi‎c ulti‎e s to maint‎a in rebou‎n d growt‎h2010 level‎and slow down obvio‎u sly. Facin‎g the econo‎m ic globa‎l izat‎i on, China‎, as the world‎'s large‎s t Emerg‎i ng Econo‎m ies, inevi‎t ably‎will be put under‎bad influ‎e nce of the appre‎c iati‎o n of Chine‎s e Yuan, the rapid‎risin‎g of raw mater‎i al price‎, the short‎a ge of skill‎e d worke‎r s, the slowd‎o wn of motor‎indus‎t ry, the sting‎i ng compe‎t itio‎n among‎enter‎p rise‎s, the decre‎a sing‎of profi‎t and the sever‎e exter‎n al envir‎o nmen‎t. It has becom‎e an urgen‎t resea‎r ch subje‎c t for the compa‎n y to survi‎v e in the Emerg‎i ng Econo‎m ies, to devel‎o p in fierc‎e compe‎t itio‎n, to seek more room for devel‎o pmen‎t form the view of devel‎o pmen‎t strat‎e gy.In this thesi‎s, start‎i ng from the basic‎theor‎y of Strat‎e gic Manag‎e ment‎,apply‎i ng the analy‎t ical‎mode and metho‎d of it and combi‎n ing the the chara‎c teri‎s tics‎of car radia‎t or manuf‎a ctur‎i ng, wecondu‎c ts a study‎of the devel‎o pmen‎t strat‎e gy of Faret‎Compa‎n y under‎situa‎t ion of Emerg‎i ng Econo‎m ies, so as to ident‎i fy a suita‎b le devel‎o pmen‎t strat‎e gy and corre‎s pond‎i ng imple‎m enta‎t ion measu‎r es, to direc‎t a more clear‎way for compa‎n y's furth‎e r devel‎o pmen‎t.Key words‎:Faret‎Compa‎n y; Car Radia‎t or Manuf‎a ctur‎i ng; Devel‎o pmen‎t Strat‎e gy。

论文英文摘要范文英语论文摘要seems like we need to do some copy plus translation work. the differences in manners and customs between Chinese and western cultures.The old saying: “When in Rome, do as the Romans” is not sufficient for bridging the communication gap and cultural differences between China and the western countries.What is considered "mannerly" is highly susceptible to change with time, geographical location, social stratum, occasion, and other factors. When exploring the differences in communication manners and customs, we set them mainly into three parts: manner and culture; communication manner and table manner. Considering the roots of these differents, histirical and regional causes might took the significant places. Therefore, a cross culture environment and a cross culture mind do lead to the better understanding in today's communication.done. run your spell check please. I didn't pay any attention about spelling and the numbers of words while typing. add some words of your major couses.good luck and best wishes.求论文英文摘要Abstract: Xiao Hong, the half a century ago to "the other side singing of Cheonggye, green leaves here," [1] spring chant verses, the writer lamented the fate of the Forum from the path that day on, on to love feelings of concern and compassion with the vision of the land north-east of the survival of large numbers of people, and her own unique spiritual and delicate brush strokes to capture the land of the north-east all kinds of people, exposing them to the original backward, ignorant, but also to tell people awakening: "living to die than to be meaningful for the Death of the more" philosophy of survival. This article from the awareness of their homes, customs, life forms on three aspects of cultural style of Xiao Hong Northeast Fiction impact, and further reveals the Xiao Hong from two poles of life and death, the tragedy of everyday life the meaning of life as well as in the mining this process the meaning of life and the pursuit of human values and interpretation.Keywords: Awareness of their homes; Customs; Life forms; Value of life求毕业论文英文摘要,请大虾帮忙啊范文 1. 碧绿的大海里，鱼儿在无拘无束地游览；湛蓝的天空下，鸟儿在无拘无束地鸣唱，青翠的草地上，花儿在力争上游地开放……整个世界，显得那么生气盎然！生命是什么，生命是风的轻快岁月，生命是雨的淋漓尽致，生命是有着很多合音的交响，生命是有着一颗感恩而欢乐的心，生命是能够每日欢乐弥漫的幸福。

英文文章摘要范文An abstract is a concise summary of a research paper, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. Abstracts highlight the main ideas and core information outlined in a longer piece of writing. They allow readers to survey the contents of a paper and decide whether it is relevant to their own research or interests. A well-crafted abstract can determine whether an audience will want to read the entire work.When writing an abstract, it is important to include the essential elements that will provide the reader with a clear, concise understanding of the paper's content. These key components typically include the paper's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. The abstract should accurately represent what is discussed in the greater body of the work without including too much extraneous information.The first sentence of an abstract should clearly introduce the topic of the paper and provide some background information. This openingstatement should concisely explain the significance or importance of the research. For example, an abstract for a paper on a new treatment for cancer might begin by stating, "This study examines the efficacy of a newly developed chemotherapy drug in treating late-stage lung cancer."Following the introductory sentence, the abstract should describe the methods or methodology used in the research. This section might cover the types of data collected, the research participants, the procedures followed, and the analytical techniques employed. Using the previous example, the methods section of the abstract could read, "A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted with 500 participants diagnosed with stage 4 non-small cell lung cancer. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either the new chemotherapy drug or a placebo. Tumor size and progression were measured at regular intervals over the course of a 6-month treatment period."The results section of an abstract is critical, as it informs the reader of the key findings of the research. This part of the abstract should summarize the most important outcomes, trends, and conclusions supported by the data. In the lung cancer study example, the results might be stated as, "The results of the study showed that patients receiving the new chemotherapy drug experienced a 35% reduction in tumor size on average, compared to a 5% reduction in the placebogroup. Progression-free survival was also significantly higher in the treatment group."Finally, the abstract should conclude with a statement about the significance or implications of the research. This closing sentence or two should explain why the findings are important and what they contribute to the existing knowledge on the topic. Using the sample topic again, the concluding sentence of the abstract could read, "These findings suggest that this new chemotherapy drug could be an effective treatment option for patients with late-stage lung cancer who have exhausted other therapeutic avenues."When writing an abstract, it is essential to be as clear and concise as possible. Avoid jargon and overly technical language that may confuse or alienate the reader. The abstract should be self-contained, meaning it can be understood independently without the reader having to refer to the full paper. It is also important to accurately reflect the content and conclusions of the entire work - the abstract should not exaggerate or misrepresent the research.The length of an abstract can vary depending on the publication or assignment guidelines, but they are typically between 150 and 300 words. Some abstracts may be even shorter, ranging from a single paragraph to a maximum of 500 words. Regardless of the specific word count, the abstract should be tightly focused and provide acomprehensive overview of the key elements of the paper.In addition to succinctly summarizing the research, a well-written abstract can also serve other important functions. It allows researchers to quickly determine the relevance of a paper to their own work and decide whether they want to read the full text. Abstracts are also important for indexing and cataloging research, as they help make papers searchable and discoverable in databases and online repositories.Overall, the abstract is a critical component of a research paper or other academic work. It gives readers an at-a-glance understanding of the study's purpose, methods, findings, and significance. By following best practices for abstract writing, authors can ensure that their work is accessible, informative, and appealing to a wide audience of scholars and researchers.。

毕业论文英文摘要毕业论文英文摘要毕业论文英文摘要怎么写?有什么技巧吗?看看下面吧毕业论文英文摘要[1]ABSTRACTWeibo is one of the most important social media tools nowadays, thepopularization of Weibo brings a new kind of network marketing - Weibomarketing. Enterprises use Weibo' platform can carry out a series ofmarketing activities, in order to raise visibility and expand brand impact.Weibo marketing has gradually become one of the indispensablemarketing channels of many companies.However, as a new kind ofnetwork marketing, Weibo marketing has some significant differencefrom traditional marketing.In addition, the influence factors of Weibomarketing effectiveness has not been precisely defined, and marketingeffectiveness is difficult to scientific assessment.Therefore, the majorityof firms develop the Weibo marketing are blind, and Weibo marketing isstill at the exploratory stage.How much benefit Weibo marketing canbring for enterprises, which is the enterprise most concern.However, thescientific studies about the influence factors and evaluation of Weibomarketing effect are in a state of scarcity.This paper takes the hotel's Weibo as the research object, and deeplystudies the influence factors and evaluation of the Weibo marketingeffect:On the basis of summarizing those existing research on Weibomarketing, it is assumed that the decision-makers from different hotelshold tiie same degree of attention on Weibo marketing.Then, this paperexplores the influence factors of hotels' Weibo marketing effect from theWeibo users' perspective, analyzes the Weibo users' behavior guided byAISAS mode , tiirough the questionnaire survey to build the hotel Weibomarketing effect model with statistical software such as Excel and SPSS19.0.On this basis, this paper puts forward tiie Weibo marketing effectevaluation index hypothetical model, and then use AHP to build acomplete evaluation system , this system takes the hotels' Weibomarketing comprehensive effect as the goal layer, influenceeffect,communication effect and transformation effect as the criterion layer,takes Weibo influence, brand influence , interaction effect, fans value,actual trading volume and customer satisfaction as the sub-criterion layer,and takes 14 indexes such as Weibo influence index, brand hot degreesand brand search as the index layer.Finally, this evaluation index system is applied to Ningbo HowardJohnson Plaza Hotel and Ningbo Riviera Hotel.Through the observationand data collection of the hotels' Weibo, measure the hotel Weibomarketing effect index with the comprehensive index method.The resultsshow that these two hotels have little effect about Weibo marketing:1.Both hotels did not make full use of Weibo to launch various marketingactivities, Weibo marketing is still at a low level, and Weibo marketingdid not make the hotel brand awareness has obvious improvement;2.Those hotels are not ideal about the number of transmission, commentand praise by Weibo users.Among their fans, the ratio of certified fans islow, while the ratio of active fans proportion is relatively substantial, andfew interactive activities are organized.So, how to attract a large numberof fans, and enhance the fans value is an urgent problem;3.The actualtrading volume is not optimistic.Although there is a higher satisfaction,customers release very few consumption experiences by Weibo during theinvestigation period.To some extent, both hotels reflect the problemsexisting in the hotel industry to carry out the Weibo marketing, thus, fortheirmarketing situation, this article also brings up some suggestions andcountermeasures: 1.Accurate positioning, step by step;2.Grasp thefrequency and the best time on releasing information; 3.Showpersonalized content;4.Online and offline marketing activities arecombined together;5.Increase effective fans, pay attention to interactwith fans.KEYWORDS: Weibo marketing; Influencing factors; Effect evaluation;Indicator system毕业论文英文摘要[2]AbstractAs the information technology develops and the social network platform prospers,moreand more information are spreading and shared through the Internet.According to the uniqueadvantage that social network platform owns, many marketers also see the business andpotential market there.They are also considering spreading the marketing information throughthis platform in a more efficient way.The research aims at find out those factors that influencepeople's online sharing behaviorabout marketing Information on social network sites.In the literature review, there are studiesanalyzing people's online shopping behavior, or online knowledge sharing behavior.But thereare few analyzing online marketing information sharing behavior.This study uses theoriesfrom sociology, ethology, economics and psychology to study the influential factors of onlinesharing behavior.It's based on the three main variances: Expected Reward from sociology andethology, Cost from economics, and Trust from the psychology but always mentioned underthe internet condition.These three variances were divided into more dimensions and differentcharacters of the marketing information were matched to them.We used factor analysis andregression analysis to find out which factors have more influence.The data was collectedthrough Sina Weibo platform and sample was based on marketing information of rewardingrepost.It turns out that Trust has the most obvious influence on the online sharing behavior,including dimensions of trust in information source, trust in information content andinstitutional mechanisms (Seal Programs)。

摘要就我们国家目前情况来看，随着市场经济的发展和我国加入世界贸易组织，我国的建筑企业将面临着更加严峻的竞争和挑战，而许多施工项目的成本控制工作并没有得到很好地开展，我国大多数建筑施工企业还没有建立完善的项目成本控制体系，这必将导致其在激烈的竞争中处于劣势。

建筑施工企业加强自身的成本控制，是从施工项目成本管理的症结入手，是建筑企业发展的客观需要。

本文从引入知识经济条件下的成本控制概念的角度出发，结合我国大部分建筑施工企业的实情，辅以案例，对建筑施工企业成本控制的原则、控制体系的构建、控制手段等提出了可操作性的意见与建议，以期帮助建筑施工企业通过做好成本控制工作来降低企业的成本水平，提高企业的经济效益，增强企业的市场竞争力。

关键词：成本控制建筑企业施工项目控制体系最佳答案AbstractAs to our country present situation, joins the World Trade Organization along with the market economy development with our country, our country's construction enterprise will be facing a more stern competition and the challenge, but many construction item's cost control work has not obtained develops well, Our country Majority Construction Enterprise did not have the establishment perfect item cost control system, this will certainly to cause it to be in the inferiority in the keen competition. The construction enterprise strengthens own cost control, is obtains from the construction item cost management crux, is constructs the enterprise development the objective need. This article from introduction knowledge economy condition's cost control concept's angle embarking, unifies Our country Majority of Construction Enterprise's truth, auxiliary by case, to the construction private costs control's principle, the control system's construction, the control method and so on proposed the feasibility opinion and the suggestion, help the building construction enterprise by the time through to complete the cost control work to lower enterprise's cost level, raises enterprise's economic efficiency, the enhancement enterprise's market competitiveness.Key word: Cost control construction enterprise construction item control system摘要：随着信息技术的发展，一股强大的信息化浪潮正席卷全球，传统的组织结构已越来越不适应信息化的发展。

英文论文摘要英文论文摘要范例英文论文摘要范例一【ABSTRACT】With the deepening of the globalization, news has become an important part of information communication between different countries.Whether English news translation is accurate or not may directly affect the quality of our communication with other countries. In English news report discourse, the use of metaphor expressions become more and more.Due to English news and other stylistic differences, as well as the English and Chinese languages, ethnic differences in ideology in the process of cross-cultural communication, make the translation of English news,especially English news translation of metaphor put forward great challenge to translators. So how to translate the metaphor in the English news is the mutual concern problem for translation theorists and practitioners to discuss, therefore,this paper attempts to from the perspective of Nida's functional equivalence theory to discuss the translation of metaphor in English news.The application of metaphor in English news makes events more distinct and vivid, and also make it easier for English readers to comprehend and understand the news contents.However, due to the differences in English and Chinese languages, the use of metaphors in English news increases the difficulty of translation. This article attempts from the perspective of Nida's functional equivalence theory to discuss the translation of metaphor in English news,in order to make Chinese readers better understand the same response and sense of beauty and meaning of metaphors in English news as the original readers.metaphor Rhetoric is not simple of translation into Chinese in English news from the literal transformation, although some rhetoric or are totally the same in form and content, while this is just a few.There are cultural differences in English and Chinese languages, influenced by different cultures. People's way of thinking and expression have differences inevitably. When the translator should firstly consciously ponder the intention of the author,dig the deep meaning hidden behind the metaphor rhetoric of background. Under the functional equivalence theory regard the translator as the guidance, conform to the language habits of the target language readers, make Chinese readers can better understand the translation of metaphor in English news.KEYWORD：English news; metaphor; functional equivalence theory; translation【中文摘要】随着全球化的深入，新闻成为不同国家之间交流的重要部分。

1.文章来源：THE LANCET. Vol. 351. January 17, 1998Department of Surgery, Gastrointestinal Unit, Norfolk and Norwich NHS Trust Hospital, Norwich NR1 3SR, UK (M Rhodes FRCS, L Sussman FRCS, L Cohen FRCS, M P Lewis FRCS)Randomised trial of laparoscopic exploration of common bile duct versus postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiography for common bile duct stones 胆总管腹腔镜探查术与术后内镜逆行胆管造影治疗胆总管结石的随机比较试验Summary 摘要Background: The management of stones in the common bile duct in the laparoscopic era is controversial. The three major options are preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP), laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct (LECBD), or postoperative ERCP(. 注意时态) 背景：在腹腔镜时代，处理胆总管结石是有争议的。

三种主要选择是：术前内镜逆行胆管造影( ERCP)，腹腔镜胆总管探查术( LECBD ),或术后内镜逆行胆管Methods: Between August, 1995, and August, 1997, 471 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were done in our department. In 427 (91%), satisfactory preoperativecholangiography was obtained. In 80 (17%) of these cases there were stones in the common bile duct. 40 patients were randomised to LECBD and 40 to postoperative ERCP. If LECBD failed, patients had either open exploration of the common bile duct or postoperative ERCP. If one postoperative ERCP failed, the procedure was repeated until the common bile duct was cleared of stones or an endoprosthesis was placed to prevent stone impaction. The primary endpoints were duct-clearance rates, morbidity, operating time, and hospital stay. Analyses were by intention to treat.方法：1995年8 月至1997年8 月，471患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。