英语 段落 课件

找出主题句
• Albert Einstein, one of the world’s greatest scientists, failed in his university entrance exam on his first attempt. William Faulkner, one of America’s famous writers, never finished college because he could not pass his English courses. These few examples show that school does not always predict failure in life.
添加2：His father taught him since he was a little boy, so he can fix a bicycle by himself now.
通过关键词表现，并要把关键词具体 • She tries to improve her looks.
添加1：She tries many ways to improve her looks.
找出主题句
• Karaok, one of the greatest wonders of modern technology. Needless to say, Karaok is a good way to rest. It’s also a good way to make your friends happy. However, everything has two sides, so does Karaok. It’s noisy to your neighbors. Besides, if you sing badly, they will feel uncomfortable.
英语段落
目 录
一、何为段落？
二、段落扩展
三、段落练习
什么是英语的段落？
句首，全段概括。也可段末
主题句
对主题句 进行举例 说明论证
扩展句1
扩展句2
扩展句3
或进行详细解释
结尾句
与主题句呼应
• 主题句：句首，全段概括。也可在段中、段末。 • 扩展句：对主题句进行举例说明论证，或进行详 细解释。 • 结尾句：与主题句呼应，中肯切要。
above, across , also, around, up, under, below, beyond, down, here, in the distance, nearby, next to, close to, on the left, on the right, opposite to, on top of, beneath, over, 等，
段落扩展
• 段落的扩展，就是在一个段落
• 举例子 • 比较法 • 分类法 • 因果分析法 • 定义法 • 时间、空间顺序等
中根据主题句来阐述文章。
• 换句话，段落的扩展就是添加 一些有关的细节来引申、说明 、论证主题句。
有条理、有依据、有逻辑
统一性：所有的句子都服务于一 个中心思想 连贯性：句子与句子之间具有逻 辑联系，而且衔接自然；
• 注意时序信号词，如 first, second, third, at first, then,finally
空间顺序法
按空间关系扩展的段落，它一定依照素材中所提到的位 置以及相互关系加以说明。表示空间位置是指事物或人 在空间所处的位置排列。如：从上到下，从左到右，由 近及远，从外到里等。 在描写时，应选择一个合适的地点开始，然后按照一定 的顺序描写。常用上下左右、前后四方的词用以扩展。 用空间顺序法写的文章可大至一个国家，小至一个房间。 所描述的地方范围越小，就越容易着手写。
• （主题句）Books are our teachers. （扩展句1） They hand down knowledge from generations to generations.（扩展句2）They teach us how to do things and how to live a useful life.（结尾句） Therefore, we should read as many books as possible.
找出主题句
• Smoking is harmful to your health. Experiments show that smoking can cause cancer. For example, it gives one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or the terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?
充足性：有足够的细节或生动的 陈述来支持段落的中心思想。
扩 展 段 落 基 本 特 征
通过关键词表现，并要把关键词具体 • He can fix a bicycle by himself.
添加1：He can fix a bicycle by himself in several simple steps.
主题句+扩展句练习
根据下面的主题句， 思考需要哪些内容来支持它
Summer is the most pleasant season of the year.
因果分析法
• We all know that cigarette smoking is a dangerous habit because it causes health problems. Doctors say it can be a direct cause of cancer of the lungs.Besides, it can bring about other health problems such as heart lung diseases.As a result,we can say that It is one of the causes of death in our society.
• • 常用的过渡连接词： because, since, owing to, because of, accordingly, as a result of, to result in, to result from, therefore, consequently, for this reason, to be the cause of, to be due to, to have an effect on,
时间顺序法
• There are three steps involved in making a woodcut（木刻，木刻画）.The first step is to cut a pattern on a flat block of wood. Second, spread printer’s ink over the surface of the wood block. Third, press the inked block against a sheet of paper. When the ink has bride on the paper, your woodcut is finished.
• My house consists of two floors: the ground floor and the first floor.On the ground floor there’s the dinning-room, sitting-room, and the hall. In the hall we keep a stand for hats, coats and umbrellas. On this floor , there are four bedrooms, and a bathroom. In front of the house we have a small garden, in which we grow flowers. At the side of the house is a garage, where I keep my car.
添加2： She fell in love with John so she tries to improve her looks.
举例法
通过主题句直截了当的提出自己的观点，再举出具体例子加以说明。
• Pollution is becoming more and more serious all over the world. For example, the terrible gas sent off by factories has made the air unhealthy for people to breathe. For another example, waste water keeps pouring into rivers and lakes; as a result, many water lives are dying out. Furthermore, everywhere we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed. Pollution is everywhere. • 常用的过渡连接词： • for example(instance), one example is, another example is, furthermore, moreover, in addition
比较法
• Cats make better pets than dogs. They are not in the same manner.Dogs are messy and don’t clean up after themselves. They eat too much food, and require too much care. Besides, dogs jump up on people. Cats, on the other hand, are clean and tidy. They can take care of themselves. Cats are usually wellmannered pets. • 常用的过渡连接词： • like, unlike, similarly, in the same way, in the same manner, on the one hand, on the other hand, compared with, in contrast to, on the contrary, even though, however, nevertheless