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第二篇应用文写作金句一、学校生活1.After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school.经过热烈的讨论,我们同意制作一段视频来记录我们的学校生活。
2.The students and teachers shared a great time. That surely gave us a great sense of achievement.学生和老师们分享着这一辉煌时刻,这无疑给我们一种巨大的成就感。
3.I'm very busy with my lessons now, for the College Entrance Examination, which is very important to me, is coming.我现在忙于功课,因为(大学)入学考试就要到来,它对我来说十分重要。
4.A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth. 在地球日前的一个星期,我们学校周围张贴了海报,号召我们加入到绿色地球的行动中去。
5.Our class also has problems of its own, of which the most obvious one is the students' laziness.我们班也有自身具有的问题,其中最明显的是学生的懒惰。
6.As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.作为学生,我可以告诉你没有什么比老师在同学面前表扬我更好的了。
英语（新高考II卷02）2024年高考第一次模拟考试（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．（2023·重庆·统考三模）Who uses the ebook reader most?A．The woman. B．The woman’s daughter.C．The woman’s husband.【答案】A【原文】M: What’s that device you are using?W: It’s an ebook reader. My husband and I got it as a new year gift for our daughter, but I use it more than she does.2．（2023·重庆·统考三模）When will the woman have her breakfast?A．At 6:40. B．At 6:55. C．At 7:20.【答案】B【原文】M: What is your morning routine at school?W: Well, I get up at 6: 40 and I will be in the dining hall at 6:55.M: And how long do you spend there?W: About 20 minutes. Then I will arrive at the classroom at around 7:20, and begin to read aloud. 3．（2023·重庆·统考三模）What does the man say about the woman?A．She has strong will. B．She works hard. C．She is a topclass athlete.【答案】C【原文】M: You have gone from a total unknown to the topranked football player in the country. How did you do it?W: Well, I owe my success to hard work and strong will.4．（2023·重庆·重庆南开中学校考三模）What does the woman think of her old roommate?A．Selfish. B．Thoughtful. C．Careful.【答案】A【原文】M: How are you and your roommate getting along?W: Pretty well. She usually es home late, but she’s always careful not to make any noise in case I’m sleeping. S he’s very thoughtful.M: That’s nice.W: Yeah. She’s a real change from my old roommate, who only cared about herself.5．（2023·重庆·重庆南开中学校考三模）Where is the woman probably from?A．Peru. B．Britain. C．Mexico.【答案】B【原文】W: Have you noticed that people here in Mexico stand very close together?M: Yes. It’s the same in Peru too.W: It’s the opposite in Britain. I was a little unfortable here at first. But after a few days, I’m getting used to it.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
UNIT 4HISTORY AND TRADITIONSⅠ.完形填空(2023年4月浙江省金华市十校模拟考试)On a cold winter night，Andrew， a 22⁃year⁃old Canadian，suffered a heart attack and collapsed to the floor，unconscious.1，his dog，a 4⁃year⁃old Husky named Koda，didn’t2.Instead，the clever dog sprang into action and called 911.Koda 3the emergency number on a cell phone.The 911 operator heard4on the other end of the line and sent a police officer to conduct a(n) 5.When the officer arrived at the house，he found Koda barking at the front door，6to lead him inside.The officer quickly realised that something was7and followed Koda into the bedroom，where he found Andrew8on the floor.The officer called an ambulance and Andrew was rushed to the hospital，where he received timely9.Andrew said that he had10Koda to call 911 by pressing his nose against the phone’s screen.He never thought that Koda would11use the skill in a real emergency.The story of Koda’s12act has gone viral(疯传)，with people around the world praising the dog’s13and loyalty.This heartwarming tale is a(n)14of the special bond between humans and their pets.Koda may not be able to speak，but he communicated in a way that15 a life —and that’s something truly remarkable.1.A.Besides B.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise2.A.panic B.biteC.careD.escape3.A.stored B.rememberedC.dialedD.chose4.A.silence B.sighsC.screamsD.barks5.A.negotiation B.investigationC.experimentD.survey6.A.pretending B.refusingC.tryingD.deciding7.A.missing B.differentC.wrongD.strange8.A.lying B.sittingC.restingD.struggling9.A.advice rmationC.supportD.treatment10.A.trained B.persuadedC.allowedD.warned11.A.gradually B.actuallyC.occasionallyD.immediately12.A.adventurous B.selflessC.considerateD.heroic13.A.honesty B.creativityC.patienceD.intelligence14.A.reminder B.explanationC.testD.prediction15.A.spared B.changedC.savedD.created【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。
六、历史、社会与文化循规蹈矩之中“熟记”头脑风暴过程“串联”名词historian历史学家;history历史;ancestor祖先;dynasty朝代;emperor 皇帝;memory 回忆;culture文化;civilization文明;education 教育;schooling 学校教育;ruins废墟;value 价值;diversity多样性动词build创建;cherish/value 珍惜;reform 改革; elect 选举;design设计;refuse 拒绝; appreciate感谢,感激;congratulate 祝贺; invite邀请;suggest 建议;apologize 道歉核心单词形容词harmonious和谐的;friendly友好的;honest真诚的;civilized文明的;credible 可信的;racial 种族的;holy/sacred神圣的;peaceful和平的;memorable/unforgettable难忘的;historic有历史意义的;primitive原始的;spectacular壮丽的;wonderful美妙的;civil国民的,公民的社交礼仪:appearance n.外表;gesture n.姿态;manner n.态度,举止;custom n.风俗;conversation n.交谈;behave v.表现,行为;punctual adj.准时的;body language 身势语;facial expression 面部表情;eye contact 眼神交流;turn up 出现,到达;make an impressionon...给……留下印象感谢:thank/appreciate/acknowledge vt.答谢;grateful/thankful adj. 感激的,感谢的;owe...to...把……归功于……;begrateful/thankful to sb. for.../thank sb. for...因……感激/感谢某人和谐社会:be public-spirited有公德心的;livein harmony和睦相处;help each other互助;care for each other互相关心;have deep lovefor十分热爱;be concerned with 关心;payattention to social morals讲究社会道德;remove prejudice and misunderstanding消除偏见和误解高频短语cultural relics文化遗产;historic relics历史遗产;cultural background 文化背景;one of the wonders 奇迹之一;tourist attractions旅游景点;have a history of 有……的历史;in history历史上;date back to/date from 追溯到;be in order有序的;the past civilization 过去的文明; sustainable development可持续发展;protect the environment保护环境;look at the problem from a historical point of view用历史观点看问题;cultural diversity文化差异;cultural conflict 文化冲突;way of life 生活方式;put up with忍受;turn down拒绝经典1.(2018北京)Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. 它的中文文学专业对你来说是完美的,在句式那里你可以完全沉浸在中国深厚的历史和丰富的文化之中。
UNIT 6 THE ADMIRABLE(二)Ⅰ.阅读理解AIt’s eight o’clock on Christmas morning,and Uncle Tom says he wants to listen to the news.I am wondering why on earth grown-ups would be interested in the news when there are important things to be done,such as handing out presents.And then,while I am only half-listening to the radio broadcast,something surprising happens:The boring newsreader begins talking about a Christmas message from the Vatican.Hadn’t we heard that report earlier?My older brother,Colin,figures out what’s happening.“Pete,Pete,it’s a tape recorder! We’ve got our tape recorder!”Colin and I had both been blind from birth.At the special boarding school in Worcester in western England that Colin and I attended,a tape recorder of your own was the height of aspiration.However,Colin—better informed and more realistic about family finances than I was—had no real expectations ofgetting one.I realized,much later,that the tape recorder my father had bought us would have cost more than four times his weekly wage.The new toy,the size of a small suitcase,dominated the rest of the Christmas holidays.I took my first steps down the path to my career as a broadcaster when I returned to school after the holidays.I would wander round the school with mymicrophone,recording my thoughts in the style of the voices I heard on the radio.But ten years later,after I had started and abandoned a university law course,I drew on the confidence and walked into a BBC radio station,in the hope of selling myself as a broadcast journalist.A producer at the radio station who was putting together a weekly program for blind people had seen me.He later phoned me and informed I was admitted.Twenty-five years later,I presented my first report for BBC TV’s Si my father had never missed.Although by then he’d been dead for more than a decade,I like to think he’d have realized that his inspiring Christmas present had changed my life.1.Why was the author surprised at the radio report according to paragraph 1?A.Because he was handing out presents.B.Because the information was familiar.C.Because it broadcast the latest news.D.Because it was reading a boring message.2.What did Colin think of a tape recorder?A.It was inexpensive.B.It was unnecessary.C.It was unaffordable.D.It was unexceptional.3.What effect did the present have on the author?A.He recorded his personal life every day.B.He majored in broadcasting at university.C.He got addicted and abandoned his study.D.He decided to work in broadcast journalism.4.What’s the best title for this teilyB.Warm Christmas,Wise UncleC.Silent Love,Sound InfluenceD.Prepared Mind,Promising JobBEvery November,as Thanksgiving Day approaches,one memory comes to my mind.At my big Turkish family’s get-togethers,baklava(果仁蜜饼) is the norm at the dessert table.There’s rolled baklava,nut-filled baklava and chocolate-dipped baklava.One year,though,back when I was in high school,my cousin Johnny decided to change things up a bit.He showed up at my parents’ house for Thanksgiving with two items that had never been served before—apple pie and a can of cream.Those two items caused one of the biggest arguments.I distinctly remember my mom and aunts whispering in the kitchen.“Apple pie?” one of my aunts said.“What to do with this?”I can still recall my mom’s puzzled expression at it all.If there’s one thing in this world my mom distrusts,it’s fruit-filled desserts,a no-no in our cuisine culture.“Why would you bake fruits into a dessert when yo u can eat them fresh?” she often says.The cream only made things worse.My mom didn’t want to hurt Johnny’s feelings.In a true act of love,she put the pie out on the dining room table,accompanied by the cream.It went mostly untouched.Nowadays,things are different.We actually have pie at Thanksgiving—my mom regularly makes pie(the fear of fruit-filled sweets continues,but desserts topped with fruits or nuts have been given the okay).We still laugh about the drama caused by Johnny’s apple pie.I’ll never forget it.It wasn’t just about the pie for me.Growing up,I sometimes felt like an outsider because of my culture.That Thanksgiving,though,was one of the first times I realized that my family’s oddness was actually a good thing.It’s what made us.What about you?Which Thanksgiving sticks out as your most memorable one?5.What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A.To introduce the unique family tradition.B.To introduce the background of the story.C.To introduce different kinds of baklava.D.To introduce the customs of Thanksgiving Day.6.Johnny’s apple pie .A.ruined the festival atmosphereB.challenged family traditionsC.resulted in a family quarrelD.contributed to a heavy meal7.Which of the following is the best description of the author’s mom?A.Serious and honest.B.Generous and strict.C.Humorous and caring.D.Considerate and flexible.8.What does the underlined sentence “It’s what made us.” in paragraph 7 imply?A.The author is at ease with his family members.B.The author is aware of the importance of customs.C.Cuisine culture helps shape our identity.D.Culture shocks make a harmonious family.Ⅱ.完形填空(九省适应性测试)I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down.My phone was 1 ,too.I managed to get to a gas station,but it was Sunday in the early fall,and there was no 2 on duty.I was working my way through university then and had little money for 3 the car.I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to 4 the heat when an older gentleman 5 to fuel his car.He asked about my car,and I 6 my predicament (困境).To my 7 ,the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age,and then he opened his trunk and 8 a tool set.Right then and there,this total 9 ey engine,ey spark plugs (火花塞) hadn’t been charged for so l ong that they were 10 to function.After about an hour,he 11 that my car was safe to finish the trip.12 came at the hands of a stranger. 13 hisclothes,working on a hot September afternoon,this man 14 a college student from disaster,just because she could have been his 15 .1.A.busy B.loudC.deadD.secure2.A.mechanic B.policemanC.managerD.guide3.A.washing B.parkingC.purchasingD.maintaining4.A.feel B.beatC.absorbD.produce5.A.promised B.refusedC.stoppedD.volunteered6.A.solved B.noticedC.escapedD.eusement D.disappointment8.A.called up B.pulled outC.put downD.threw away9.A.liar B.beginnerC.strangerD.loser10.A.free B.readyC.uncertainD.unable11.A.pronounced B.agreedC.discoveredD.doubted12.A.Tiredness B.KindnessC.LonelinessD.Carefulness13.A.Folding B.DryingC.SoilingD.Mending14.A.saved B.calledC.judgedD.banned15.A.friend B.daughterC.coworkerD.customerⅢ.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
（英语）高考英语二轮复习专项训练阅读理解(社会文化)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1．阅读理解In India, one of the most significant festivals is Diwali, which falls between October and November. It's a five-day celebration that includes good food, fireworks, colored sand, and special candles and lamps.In honor of Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth, people make special prayers on the first day to obtain blessings for welfare, succcss, and well-being. People welcome the goddess into their homes by decorating entrances with colorful lanterns and traditional designs. In addition, many people treat themselves to fine jewelry, praying for good fortune. Those who cannot afford so much, seek out cheaper items such as clothes or household goods.The second day of the festival is called Kali Chaudas. For some, the day provides an opportunity to drive away misfortune from homes and businesses. They decorate their homes with clay lamps and create design patterns called rangoli on the floor using colored powder or sand.The third day is when the biggest celebrations occur, which begin early in the morning with a visit to a temple to seek the blessings of the goddess. As the sun sets, festival observers light up their homes with small lamps and enjoy delicious traditional foods with their loved ones.The festival's fourth day is celebrated in many different ways. Friends and relatives visit with gifts, sweets and best wishes for the season.And the final day of the festival is called Bhai Oooj It honors the close bond between brothers and sisters and is observed with traditional ceremonies and more delicious food.For children in India, Diwali is similar to Christmas. They get all entire week off from school and are treated to gifts, new clothes, amazing food, and, in the past at least, a large number of fireworks. It is no wonder that the festival ranks high among the country's favorite celebrations.（1）People celebrate the first day of Diwali mainly for______.A.good fortune.B.colorful lanternsC.expensive jewelryD.traditional designs（2）What's the probable purpose of creating "rangoli" on the floor?A.To design traditional patterns.B.To produce colored powder or sand.C.To help get rid of bad luck.D.To produce an opportunity in business.（3）What is a man likely to do on the last day of the festival?A.Exchange gifts and best wishes with his loved ones.B.Be busy decorating his home during the day.C.Get together with his sisters and brothers.D.Light up his home with small lamps.（4）Which of the following may not be a reason for children's love of Diwali?A.Having a week off.B.Getting Christmas gifts.C.Enjoying amazing food.D.Setting off fireworks.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了印度最重要的节日之一——排灯节。
（英语）高考英语二轮复习专项训练阅读理解(社会文化)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Fantastic Fall Festivals You Won't Want to MissSeymour Apple FestivalAdmission to the Seymour Apple Festival is free and so is the entertainment! More than 15, 000 people from all over the region come out to take part in the activities, ranging from drawings, vendor booths, food, apple contests, bike-decorating contests, and more.Marionville Apple FestivalThe popular Marionville Apple Festival is home to countless activities and events. The carnival, pony rides, and games will keep the kids busy, while adults will enjoy watching the pie-eating contest and browsing dozens of craft vendor booths.Humansville Fall FestivalThe Humansville Fall Festival may be hosted by a small town but that doesn't mean it's lacking big fun. Perfect for all ages, this fall festival is celebrating its 70th year and will provide three full days of fun. This year's festival will feature live music from fantastic local musicians, which will definitely make it different from the ones in other years. You'll also find fun carnival rides, talented artisans selling their goods, and an amazing parade to wrap up the event on Saturday.Southside Fall FestivalThe Southside Fall Festival is perfect for family celebrations, with an alcohol-free environment and free admission. Enjoy a colorful parade and float contest, delicious food vendors, live music, karaoke, and more.Fall Into Arts FestivalMake sure to bring the kids along for this festival that celebrates all things creative. The Fall Into Arts Festival features a host of kid-friendly activities like a lego build, sand art, bubble stations, chalk the sidewalk, a jump house, and more. Parents will have plenty to do as well, with an excellent variety of artists, festival food, a mini film festival, and much more.（1）Which festivals are free of charge?A. Southside Fall Festival and Fall Into Arts Festival.B. Seymour Apple Festival and Southside Fall Festival.C. Humansville Fall Festival and Fall Into Arts Festival.D. Seymour Apple Festival and Marionville Apple Festival.（2）What makes Humansville Fall Festival special this year?A. Fun activities on Saturday.B. The duration of the festival.C. The area of the hosting town.D. Musicians' live performance.（3）Fall Into Arts Festival is specially welcomed by ________.A. movie loversB. modern artistsC. visitors of all agesD. families with kids【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个秋季的节日。
【创新设计】（课标通用）2018高考英语大二轮复习高考倒计时第20天Ⅰ.常考句型【句型1】on the contrary，...＝by contrast，...相反地，……仿写：相反地，少数学生还在混日子。
①On the contrary，a few students are still going around without anything to do.②By contrast，a few students are still going around without anything to do.【句型2】On the other hand，...“另一方面，……”仿写：政府应严格执法。
另一方面，大众也应该养成减少污染的好习惯。
The government should enforce laws strictly.On the other hand，the public also should develop the good habit of reducing pollution.【句型3】However，it is a pity that...“然而，很可惜的是……”仿写：然而，很可惜的是他总是不用功。
However，it is a pity that he always does not work hard.Ⅱ.话题写作感谢信感恩朋友假如你是新华中学的学生李华，刚参加完“美国高校一周游”的夏令营活动，在离开之前，你想给新结交的美国朋友Monica写一封感谢信。
内容应包括以下要点：1．表示感谢；2．描述参加本次夏令营的收获；3．邀请她参加明年在中国的夏令营。
注意：可适当添加细节使文章连贯；词数：100～120。
【审题】根据提示，文章层次三步走1．表示感谢；(开门见山)2．描述参加此次夏令营的收获；(注意时态：一般过去时或现在完成时)3．邀请她参加明年在中国的夏令营。
一、将短文中可能用到的关键词、短语或句式结构翻译成英语。
高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)题20套(带答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1．阅读理解Some international languages are widely used formany purposes. Some minority languages will die out and some nations tend tokeep minority languages. I reckon that most common used internationallanguages ease our life quality and communication with different nationalities.On the other hand, we need to help improve minority languages.There are many languages in the entire world buttwo or three minority languages die out each year. Some countries try to savedying languages. For instance, Australian Government created a project to savethe language and culture of Maori who are Australian aborigines. And there areother projects to keep minority languages such as American Indian language.However, the worldwide job market usuallyrequires candidates who can speak English or other international languages.People who cannot speak lingua franca (共通语) could hardly be promotedat work. For example, some companies need an employee who can deal with foreigncompanies. So most people tend to learn at least one international languagethat helps them to find a better job.Therefore, world needs one common lingua francathat should be spoken in any country. Consequently, one common language shouldbe a required subject in every school. So anyone speaking one common languagecan travel without worries to any point of the world and trade their products. Peoplewill not be forced to learn many languages.In conclusion, we should help minority nationsto keep their languages for the cultural diversity. To ease the worldwidecommunication among nations, we should create a common language and providecourses of it. As a result, no one will face a language issue.（1）What does the underlined word “reckon” in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Deny.B. Fear.C. Ignore.D. Think.（2）What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A. Not all minority languages are useful.B. Some minority languages have died out.C. Maori is attractive to Australian tourists.D. American Indian language is well preserved.（3）Why do most people study more international languages?A. It benefits their journey.B. They can earn more money.C. It does good to find a good job.D. They are eager to get promoted.（4）How can we stay away from language problems?A. By learning a common language.B. By wiping out minority languages.C. By studying more languages at college.D. By communicating more with foreigners.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一些国际语言被广泛用于许多目的，多数人学习更多的国际语言是为了找到一份好工作。
UNIT 1CULTURAL HERITAGEⅠ.阅读理解ATHE ARCHAEOLOGY(考古学)OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGESpring2023Instructor：Dr Jean SmithOffice：No，280Tel：170⁃735⁃6511Email：jean⁃smith@Office Hours：Tuesday 9—11 a.m. If you prefer，I am happy to set up a meeting online. If you have questions，please email me. I check my emails at least once a day，5 days per week and will respond to all questions within 24 hours，except on weekends and holidays.“Environmental change”has become one of the most debated topics of our time. But is environmental change a new phenomenon？Or have humans been faced with climate change and been active agents of environmental change over longer periods of time？You will find answers in this course.Learning OutcomesIn this course，students will analyze a range of issues related to human⁃environment interactions. For example，students will analyze how different human economic motivations have affected their environments through time.Students will examine how human actions can affect the environment，and how global environmental change can affect human societies and cultural heritage resources locally in different ways.Students will compare and contrast modern responses to climate change with those of past societies.By the end of the term，students should be able to demonstrate a basic understanding of the approaches to environmental reconstruction and archaeological analysis.Course PlanThis is a Web Course delivered completely online，which means you work on the materials and turn assignments in on or before the due date. You will access online video lectures，readings，films，assignments，quizzes，and resources. Accordingly，you must have access to a functional computer and a reliable Internet connection.Required ReadingsBecause of the vastness of the topic matter for this class，there is no required textbook. Instead，reading assignments will come from research articles. You may purchase or borrow books from the library after you get the book list.Note：This document is a course plan，not a legal contract. If you have questions，talk to me during my office hour.1.What do we know about Dr Smith’s work schedule？A.She replies to students’ emails every day.B.She arranges online meetings on weekends.C.She is available in her office two hours a week.D.She meets students face to face five days a week.2.One of the learning focuses of the course is .A.how cultural heritage has affected localsocietyB.how humans have adjusted to historicalchangesC.how human actions have influenced theenvironmentD.how present climate is different from that in the past3.What should students do before the course？A.Prepare devices.B.Buy textbooks.C.Pick a book list.D.Do some research.【语篇解读】本文是一篇通知。
2023届高三二轮复习联考(一)山东卷历史试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考场号、座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
考试时间为90分钟，满分100分一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题3分，共45分。
每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.夏商西周时期，实行“学术官守”“吏师合一”的制度。
春秋时期，大量王室官员沦落民间，甚至出现了“王子朝及召氏之族、毛伯得、尹氏固、南宫嚣奉周之典籍以奔楚”的现象。
这一变化A.导致了宗法体系的崩溃B.反映了国家文化中心的转移C.体现了文化下移的趋势D.体现了各地经济联系的加强2.汉初，为了解决物资匮乏、通货膨胀的问题，政府实行了“令民铸钱”的政策。
而到武帝时期，国家不仅垄断了主要铸币材料铜，还成立了专门的铸币机构负责铸钱。
汉代货币政策的调整A.立足于国家财政的需要B.反映了均输平准的特点C.遏制了商品经济的发展D.有利于民间财富的增长3.唐律规定，卑幼告期亲尊长，处徒刑两年，“十恶”中的“不孝”,如谩骂和殴打父母、祖父母，会被处以绞刑；如果身体健康，不供养父母，处以徒刑三年；谎称父母死亡、祖父母死亡，处以徒刑两年半；在父母、祖父母的丧期有礼乐行为的都会受到处罚。
这些规定的根本目的是A.维护封建王朝的统治秩序B.保证父母在家庭中的绝对权威C.弘扬封建社会的孝道美德D.继承与发展传统宗法等级观念4.下图为中国古代某一税收政策的结构框架图。
该税收政策A.废除了传统人头税B.践行了仁政思想C.适应商品经济发展D.抑制了土地兼并5.清代，总督主军政，巡抚掌民事，布、按二司分割巡抚权力，提镇武职牵制总督权力。
咸丰以后，督抚侵害布按之权的现象时有发生，如湖南巡抚骆秉章委署湘乡知县，不经布政使文格，文格无可奈何。
解密09 古代时期的世界1．（2022年四川盐亭中学一模）公元前4世纪，雅典法律规定，无根据地说一个人是杀人犯、打父母的人或扔下他的盾牌（逃跑）的人，都是不允许的；也不许讽刺任何在广场上做生意或从事其他职业的人，否则要处500德拉克马的罚款。
这说明，当时雅典A．公民责任意识缺乏B．职业歧视现象严重C．重视规范个人行为D．城邦制度衰颓显现【答案】C【解析】依据材料可知，雅典法律规定不允许无根据地说一个人是杀人犯、打父母的人或扔下他的盾牌（逃跑）的人；对任何在广场上做生意或从事其他职业的人进行讽刺将受到罚款。
这反映了雅典对个人行为的规范，C项正确；规范个人行为不能说明“公民责任意识缺乏”，而且雅典公民的责任意识较强，排除A项；B项只是材料反映的部分信息，排除；材料信息不能体现城邦制度衰颓，排除D项。
故选C项。
2．（2022年天津河东二模）下列图片是有关不同地区古文字的考古资料，对这些资料理解最准确的是A．它们都没有演变成现代文字B．为古代文明提供了实物佐证C．文字是文明产生的主要标志D．体现了古代文明的多元特征【答案】D【解析】根据材料中西亚地区、墨西哥、埃及、中国等地区古文字的考古资料可知，古代文明呈现多元化的特征，D项正确；部分传统古文字随着社会发展逐渐演变为现代文字，如甲骨文，排除A项；材料中泥板、门楣、壁画、牛骨的考古发现，为古代文明提供了实物佐证，但不符合材料主旨，排除B项；文字是文明产生的主要标志，但与材料主旨不符，排除C项。
故选D项。
3．（2022年河南开封一模）美国学者戴利说：“罗马的法律体系里普遍包含着当地的习惯法，即便在公元212年所有罗马帝国统治下的自由民都被赋予公民权之后，也依然如此。
帝国境内的法官除了援引成文法，还享有遵循并建立判例的权力。
”戴利意在强调（）A．万民法具有普遍的适用性B．市民法与习惯法密不可分C．罗马法维护统治阶级利益D．罗马法具有灵活实用特点【答案】D【解析】根据材料美国学者戴利所说的这一段话“罗马的法律体系里普遍包含着当地的习惯法......还享有遵循并建立判例的权力。
Cultural relics李仕才(必修2 Unit 1)【短文语法填空】In China,the history of people planting and using bamboo can date back to as far as 7,000 years.As early as the Shang Dynasty,bamboo was being used in ancient people’s daily lives.It was used for food,clothing,hous ing,transportation,1. (music) instruments and even weapons.The 2.(apply) of bamboo in science and technology is thrilling.In 251 BC,Li Bing,in Sichuan,3. (lead) the local people in building the Dujiang Weirs,the first irrigation network in the world,in which bamboo played 4. important role.The world’s oldest water pipe was also 5. (make) of bamboo.During the Han Dynasty,the people in Sichuan 6. (success) sank a 1,600metredeep well with thick bamboo ropes.This technology did not spread to Europe 7. the 19th century,and it was by using the technology 8. the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859.In Chinese culture,bamboo is wellknown as 9.of the “four gentlemen” in plants.To many di stinguished men,bamboo is a symbol of goodness and honesty.It is always closely related to people of positive spirits.Bamboo culture contributes to encouraging people to hold on when 10.(face) tough situations.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了竹子在中国的广泛应用及竹子所代表的含义。
解密06 清末民初救国道路的探索1．（2022年山东枣庄三模）1912年1月1日，孙中山就任临时大总统，首开总统宣誓之先河：“倾覆满洲专制政府，巩固中华民国……至专制政府既倒，国内无变乱，民国卓立于世界，为列邦公认，斯时文当解临时大总统之职，谨以此誓于国民。
”这一宣誓的主要价值是A．激发国民党人的斗志B．树立民主信仰和凝聚共和力量C．号召实行责任内阁制D．彰显神圣感和宣誓者的使命【答案】B【解析】根据材料“倾覆满洲专制政府，巩固中华民国……至专制政府既倒，国内无变乱，民国卓立于世界，为列邦公认，斯时文当解临时大总统之职，谨以此誓于国民。
”可知，孙中山宣誓效忠民国效忠共和，以防止专制复辟，巩固资产阶级民主共和国，树立民主信仰和凝聚共和力量，B项正确；此时是同盟会，不是国民党，排除A项；材料是强调孙中山宣誓的主要价值，而不是号召实行责任内阁制，排除C项；D项不是主要价值，主要价值应该是一种精神或者是力量，排除D项。
故选B项。
2．（2022年湖北黄冈中学二模）章永乐在《旧邦新造》中指出：“从实力政治上，南方进了袁世凯的‘瓮’，而从法律上，则是袁世凯进了南方的‘瓮’。
”袁世凯进了南方的“瓮”意味着A．中国式的“光荣革命”完成B．辛亥革命成果的丧失C．民主共和的原则得以确立D．民主义目标的实现【答案】C【解析】根据所学知识可知，袁世凯窃取了革命果实，因此从实力政治上，南方进了袁世凯的‘瓮’；但是南方革命党人通过《临时约法》，确立了人民主权和民主共和等民主原则，从法律上限制了袁世凯复辟的企图，因此是袁世凯进了南方的‘瓮’，C项正确；A项指的是清帝退位，排除A项；B项指的是南方进了袁世凯的‘瓮’，排除B项；辛亥革命的革命果实被袁世凯窃取，其民主主义目标并未实现，排除D项。
故选C项。
3．（2022年甘肃兰州一模）1909年，清政府颁布《城镇乡地方自治章程》，规定地方自治大致按行政区划分为城镇和乡两级，设立议事会为决议机关，议员由选民互选充任。
2.(build) system of ring4.(wonder)2.(three) of(impact) go well beyond the railway sector. It also includes changed patterns of(boost) regional integration and economic growth, plans for high-speed 6. is a leading railway specialist. But the research team(thing) for breakfast, eat a big meal for lunch, but eat less at dinner. Many (America) agree one should start the day with a good breakfast,ideas about lunch and dinner are 4.(difference).6.(be) a way to take8. (eat) at restaurants is also not the same. In China, people like to talk and laughthey can eat a good meal far away from the noises of the outside world.2. saved his life.(frighten) crash. Robinson had crashed into the cement median(6.(attempt)7.(help) put the flames out in the burning vehicle.8.(safe) before the car was burnt to the ground in10. trouble.参考答案Test1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
六、历史、社会与文化核心单词循规蹈矩之中“熟记”头脑风暴过程“串联”名词historian历史学家;history历史;ancestor祖先;dynasty朝代;emperor 皇帝;memory 回忆;culture文化;civilization文明;education教育;schooling 学校教育;ruins废墟;value价值;diversity多样性社交礼仪:appearance n.外表;gesture n.姿态;manner n.态度,举止;custom n.风俗;conversation n.交谈;behave v.表现,行为;punctual adj.准时的;body language 身势语;facial expression 面部表情;eye contact眼神交流;turn up 出现,到达;make animpression on...给……留下印象感谢:thank/appreciate/acknowledge vt.答谢;grateful/thankful adj. 感激的,感谢的;owe...to...把……归功于……;begrateful/thankful to sb. for.../thank sb. for...因……感激/感谢某人和谐社会:be public-spirited有公德心的;livein harmony和睦相处;help each other互助;care for each other互相关心;have deeplove for十分热爱;be concerned with 关心;pay attention to social morals讲究社会道德;remove prejudice and misunderstanding消除偏见和误解动词build创建;cherish/value 珍惜;reform 改革;elect 选举;design设计;refuse 拒绝;appreciate感谢,感激;congratulate 祝贺;invite邀请;suggest 建议;apologize 道歉形容词harmonious和谐的;friendly友好的;honest真诚的;civilized文明的;credible 可信的;racial种族的;holy/sacred神圣的;peaceful和平的;memorable/unforgettable难忘的;historic有历史意义的;primitive原始的;spectacular壮丽的;wonderful美妙的;civil 国民的,公民的高频短语cultural relics文化遗产;historic relics历史遗产;cultural background 文化背景;one of the wonders 奇迹之一;tourist attractions旅游景点;have a history of 有……的历史;in history历史上;date back to/date from 追溯到;be in order有序的;the past civilization 过去的文明;sustainable development可持续发展;protect the environment保护环境;look at the problem from a historical point of view用历史观点看问题;cultural diversity文化差异;cultural conflict 文化冲突;way of life 生活方式;put up with忍受;turn down拒绝经典1.(2018北京)Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. 它的中文文学专业对你来说是完美的,在那里你句式可以完全沉浸在中国深厚的历史和丰富的文化之中。
2.(2017课标全国Ⅰ)Therefore,before class,you can read some books related to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poem.因此,在上课之前,你可以读些与唐朝历史相关的书以更好地欣赏唐诗。
3.(2017课标全国Ⅱ)They look so attractive and alive that I think you could be interested in them and at the same time you will have a better understanding of traditional Chinese culture.它们看起来如此迷人且栩栩如生,以至于我想你会对它们感兴趣,同时你也会更好地了解中国传统文化。
4.(2016天津)From this activity, we have learned a great deal. Not only did we learn more about English culture and its customs, but we also learned about the British lifestyles. 从这次活动中,我们学到了很多。
我们不仅了解了更多的英国文化和风俗习惯,还了解了英国的生活方式。
5.(2015天津)With these books, I hope that all of you can know more about Chinese history and culture.通过这些书籍,我希望你们都能更多地了解中国的历史和文化。
6.(2014天津)I hope you can help the students in our class to learn more about English and Western culture, which can increase understanding and help build good relationships between us.我希望你能帮助我们班的学生更多地了解英语和西方文化,这能增进理解并有助于我们建立良好的关系。
7.(2018苏北四市高三模拟)Frankly speaking, it’s necessary for us to acknowledge cultural differences.坦白地说,对我们来说承认文化差异是有必要的。
8.(2018苏北四市高三模拟)People should accumulate as much information about cultures as possible through reading or the Internet, thus avoiding unintentional offense while in contact with people from different cultures, especially in the era of globalization. 人们应该通过阅读或互联网尽可能多地积累有关文化的信息,因此能避免与来自不同文化的人们接触时的无意冒犯,尤其是在全球化时代。
必背范文(2019江苏江都中学、扬中高级中学、溧水高级中学期初联考)请阅读下面的短文,并按要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
There was a boss who made a contract with his workers: he完成下列范文填空并背诵Despite the dishonest trickof one of the workers, the bossstill followed his contract withthem. Good merchants are thosewould pay their salary each week, but not in cash. Instead, the workers would choose some goods in a shop, which equal the value of their salary. Then he would pay the cash to the owner of the shop.But one day, one of the workers complained to his boss, “The shop owner said ‘no cash, no goods’. And he requested us to pay in cash.” For that reason, the worker asked the boss to pay him in cash, too. The boss agreed. After a while, the shop owner came to the boss, asking him to pay for his workers. The boss was confused and looked into the issue, and finally found out that the worker told a lie. However, he paid the shop owner as usual, because he must keep his promise, even if he was cheated and had to pay more money.Good merchants won’t scrap (废弃) their contracts. They won’t sign contracts easily and usually bargain for their benefits if they have to sign them. But after that, they will definitely follow them whatever the price.[写作内容]1.用约30词概述上文内容;2.结合高中生活,简要分析你对契约精神的理解(不少于两点);3.你的启示和打算(不少于两点)。
[写作要求]1.可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子;2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;3.不必写标题。
