5+grammar(冠词2)
- 格式:doc
- 大小:46.50 KB
- 文档页数:3
Module 6 Grammar定冠词与零冠词的用法一.定冠词定冠词the与指示代词this, that同源,有”那(这)个”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
In the morning, playing the piano towards the sun rising in the east is the first thing i want to do, and it is the most interesting thing for me.①in the morning类推:(一些惯用语中用the ) :in the afternoon /evening在下午/傍晚;in the middle (of), in the end, by the way例外:at night/noon在深夜/中午②in the east类推:(方位名词前一般用the): in the west/south/north/middle在西方/南方/北方/中间③The sun类推:(世上独一无二的事物前一般用the): the moon /sky/world月亮/天空/世界④Play the piano类推:(乐器前一般用the): play the guitar弹吉它;play the violin拉小提琴⑤first类推:(序数词前一般用the) : the second7fifth /twelfth 第二/五/十⑥The most interesting类推:(形容词最高级前一般用the) : the hottest最热的;the most important 最重要的补充:1. 上文提到过的人或事:He bought a house. I've been to the house.他买了幢房子。
我去过那幢房子。
2. 单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar美元;the fox狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich富人;the living生者c3. 与复数名词连用,指整个群体:They are the teachers of this school旨全体教师)They are teachers of this school.指部分教师)4. 用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国the United States 美国5. 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:the Greens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)二.零冠词记忆口诀:月,季,星期,节假日呼语,头衔,职务前三餐,球类,惯用语学科,棋类名词前。
中考英语语法巧记口诀汇总很多同学认为英语语法枯燥难学,其实只要用心并采用适当的学习方法,我们就可以愉快地学会英语,掌握语法规则。
特此搜集、组编了以下语法口诀,希望对即将参加中考的同学们有所帮助。
一、冠词基本用法【速记口诀】名词是秃子,常要戴帽子,可数名词单,须用a或an,辅音前用a, an在元音前,若为特指时,则须用定冠,复数不可数,泛指the不见,碰到代词时,冠词均不现。
【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一,也是中考考查的主要对象。
以上口诀包括的意思有:①名词在一般情况下不单用,常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an,确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指,名词前有this,these,my,some等时就不用冠词。
二、名词单数变复数规则【速记口诀】单数变复数,规则要记住,一般加s,特殊有几处:/s/结尾,es不离后,末尾字母o,大多加s,两人有两菜,es不离口,词尾f、fe,s前有v和e;没有规则词,必须单独记。
【妙语诠释】①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s,但如果单词以/t?蘩/、/?蘩/、/s/发音结尾(也就是单词如果以ch,sh,s,x等结尾),则一般加es;②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro,hero)两菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s;③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f,fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则,需要特殊记忆,如child—children,mouse—mice,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,Chinese—Chinese,ox—oxen,man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth。
三、名词所有格用法【速记口诀】名词所有格,表物是“谁的”,若为生命词,加“’s”即可行,词尾有s,仅把逗号择;并列名词后,各自和共有,前者分别加,后者最后加;若为无生命词,of所有格,前后须倒置,此是硬规则。
初中英语语法English Grammar目录构词法(word-formation)名词(Nouns)冠词(Articles)代词(Pronouns)数词(Numerals)形容词(Adjectives)副词(Adverbs)介词(Prepositions)动词(Verbs)动词的时态(Tenses)动词的语态(Voices)限定动词与非限定动词(Finite and Non-finite Verbs)简单句(The simple sentences)It的用法(The use of “it”)并列句(The compound sentences)主从复合句(The complex sentences)构词法(word-formation)构词法(word-formation)——分为转换、派生、合成转换:常用于动词和名词之间的转换1)不改变读音、重度音节,只转换单词词性e.g.2)有些双音节词,作名词时,第一个音节重度;作动词时,第二个音节重度e.g. 名词动词’increase /’inkri:s/ 增加in’crease /in’kri:s/增加3)有些词可以用读音变化改变词性e.g. excuse /iks’kju:s/(名)歉意;道歉;借口excuse /iks’kju:z/(动)原谅4)有些形容词可以转化为动词e.g. He slowed down at the crossroad./ Please warm up the cold meat.派生前缀:加前缀一般不改变词类,而只是改变原词的词义构成反义词的前缀dis- disagree disappear dislikeim- impolite impossibleun- unable uncertain unhappy一些表示特定意思的前缀down 往下downloadkilo 千kilometreman 人,由人man-mademis 错误地mistake misunderstandre 重新,再次rebuild retell可以改变词性的前缀加在名词前构成形容词或副词asleep aboard asideen- 加在名词或形容词前构成动词encourage enable enrich后缀:加后缀一般改变词性名词后缀-an African American -er dancer driver reporter -ing feeling reading -ion action decision-ment development government -ness happiness sadness-or actor visitor -tion invention pronunciation-ure failure pleasure②形容词后缀-an American African -en golden wooden-ese Chinese Japanese -ful beautiful hopeful useful-ive active expensive -less careless endless useless-ly friendly -ous nervous dangerous-y dirty rainy③副词后缀-ly carefully happily clearly④数词后缀-teen thirteen -ty twenty -th fifth合成合成名词词加名词basketball形容词加名词blackboard动词-ing形式+另一词dining-room合成形容词形容词+动词-ing形式hard-working形容词+过去分词kind-hearted名词+过去分词man-made名词+动词-ing形式man-eating peace-loving合成动词词+动词water-ski副词+动词overeat overcome③ 形容词/副词+动词white-wash合成副词、代词合成副词upstairs beforehand合成代词myself everything其他构词法1)缩短法telephone—phone2)前后各截部分refrigerator—fridge3)缩写法名词(Nouns)一、名词的数:名词复数的构成规则规则复数变化多数在词尾加-s以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-es e.g. match—matches以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,改y为i,再加-es e.g. story—stories以f,fe结尾的名词,一般把f,fe改为v,再加-es e.g. leaf—leaves但也有只加-s e.g. roof—roofs④以o结尾的名词,多数加-es e.g. hero—heroes但也有只加-s e.g. piano—pianos注:以o 结尾的名词,我们可按下面一条规律来记住它们的复数形式:指人和农作物的加-es、其他的加-s.(或者是有生命的加-es,无生命的加-s)不规则变化①名词单复数同形 e.g. sheep, deer, fish②单词拼写中变化元音字母 e.g. man—men tooth—teeth③有些是用-en做词尾构成复数形式 e.g. child—children ox—oxen④表示某国人的单词,单复数形式分为三种:A.单复数相同 a Chinese—five ChineseB.词尾加-s an American—seven AmericansC.变-man为-men an Englishman—ten Englishmen复合名词的复数形式1.将复合名词中的主题名词变为复数形式 e.g. new-comer—new-comers2.没有主题名词的,则在词尾加-s e.g. grown-up—grown-ups3.以man或woman开头的复合词,名词都要变为复数形式 e.g. man-doctor—men-doctors4.其他合成的词,只把最后一个词变为复数eg.boy friend—boy friends5.由两部分组成的物体名词和其他一些名词常用复数形式 e.g. trousers,clothes,scissors6.专有名词一般为不可数名词,但是表示某姓一家或夫妇和同名同姓若干时,用复数e.g. The Browns have gone to the cinema.7.在做定语的合成词中,名词要用单数形式e.g. an eighty-three-year-old grandpa8.以-s结尾的专有名词有两种情况A.表示国家、报纸等名词看做单数 e.g. the United StatesB. 表示群岛、山脉、瀑布、奥运会等专有名词看做复数,谓语也用复数形式e.g. The Alps are in Europe.名词复数词尾加-s或-es的读音规则如下表二、名词的种类:普通名词——个体名词,集体名词(可数)物质名词,抽象名词(不可数)专有名词普通名词是某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名词个体名词:表示单个的人或物e.g. tree树doctor医生cup杯子apple苹果表示一群人或一些事物的总称e.g. crowd人群army军队class班级family家庭group小组,团队police警方team队public公众物质名词:表示无法分为个体的物质e.g. tea茶paper纸snow雪cloth布wood木头sugar糖meat肉sand沙ink墨水coffee咖啡抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等方面的抽象概念e.g. happiness幸福work工作music音乐experience经历pride骄傲failure失败protection保护专有名词3)可数名词和不可数名词①可数名词:其所表示的事物可以用数来计算,前面可用不定冠词a,an和数词,有复数形式②不可数名词:其所表示的事物不可以用数来计算,前面不能用不定冠词a,an和数词,没有复数形式。
九年级英语闽教版知识点在九年级英语学习的过程中,我们需要掌握一系列重要的知识点。
下面将介绍一些关键的知识点,以帮助同学们更好地准备英语考试。
1. 时态和语态 (Tenses and Voice)时态是英语语法中一个非常重要的概念。
它用于描述动作或事件发生的时间。
九年级英语学习中,我们需要熟练掌握一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时等基本时态的用法。
另外,还需要了解被动语态的构成和用法。
2. 名词和代词 (Nouns and Pronouns)名词是指人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
在英语中,名词有单数和复数形式,并且可能带有冠词或其他限定词。
代词用来替代名词,并可分为人称代词、指示代词、不定代词等等。
3. 形容词和副词 (Adjectives and Adverbs)形容词用于描述名词的特征或性质,副词则用于描述动词、形容词或其他副词的程度。
在九年级中,我们需要学会正确使用形容词和副词,并了解它们的比较级和最高级形式。
4. 动词的不定式和动名词 (Infinitives and Gerunds)动词的不定式常用作动词的宾语、补语、定语等。
动名词则以-ing 结尾,常作为名词的宾语、补语、主语等。
在九年级英语学习中,我们需要掌握这两种形式的用法。
5. 从句 (Clauses)从句是句子的一部分,可以在句子中充当名词、形容词或副词的角色。
常见的从句有名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句等。
理解和运用从句的正确语法是九年级英语学习的一个关键。
6. 介词和连词 (Prepositions and Conjunctions)介词用于引导名词或代词与其他词或短语的关系。
连词用于连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子之间的关系。
九年级英语学习中,我们需要熟悉和运用常见的介词和连词。
7. 定语从句 (Relative Clauses)定语从句用来修饰名词或代词,在从句中通常包含一个关系词,如关系代词 who、which、that 或关系副词 when、where、why。
冠词语法解说冠词是置于名词前,协助阐明名词所指旳人或事物是泛指还是特指旳一种虚词。
冠词不能离开名词而单独存在。
冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。
the 是定冠词,a 和an是不定冠词。
定冠词定冠词the用以特指人或事物,表达名词所指旳人或事物是同类中旳特定旳一种,以区别于同类中其他旳人或事物,相称于“那个”或“这个”意思。
它可以和单数可数名词、复数可数名词或不可数名词连用。
1.基本用法:The一般有明确旳所指,可以用在上文提到过旳人或事物,例如:I have a bird .The bird is white.还可以用在谈话双方都懂得旳人或者事物前面,可以和单词可数名词,复数可数名词或不可数名词放在一起使用。
例如:What do you think of the movie?Where are the keys? Themilkis on the table.2.拓展用法(1)与时间有关旳短语all the time 始终in the day在白天in thepast在过去the next day 第二天at the same time同步in the morning在上午the day before yesterday前天in the 1990’s/1990s在20世纪90年代(2)与地点有关旳短语at thefoot of在……旳脚下inthe frontof在……旳前边on the way to 在去……旳路上in/on/to the east of在……旳东部onthe right / left在右边/左边in thesky 在空中in the world在世界上in/on the street在街道上at the back of在……旳后边in the middle of在……旳中间(3)其他固定短语make thebed铺床on the whole总之all thetime完全同样by the way顺便问一下with the help of在……旳协助下go to the cinema去看电影不定冠词不定冠词有a和an两种形式,用于单数名词前,表达单薄旳“一”旳概念,用来泛指事物,但并不强调数目。
Grammar知识点总结1. 名词名词是指表示人、事物、地点、概念等的词语。
常见的名词包括人名、地名、物品名等。
名词还可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词可以用单数或复数形式表示,而不可数名词只有单数形式。
例句: - 这个书架上放着很多书。
- 我喜欢喝咖啡。
2. 代词代词用来代替名词,可以避免重复使用名词。
代词分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词等。
例句: - 他是我的朋友,他很善良。
- 这是我的书,你可以借阅。
3. 动词动词是表示动作、状态或存在的词语。
动词可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。
及物动词需要接受一个宾语,而不及物动词不需要。
例句: - 我每天早上骑自行车去上班。
- 鸟儿在树上唱歌。
4. 形容词形容词用来修饰名词或代词,描述事物的性质或特征。
形容词通常在名词前面。
例句: - 这个小狗很可爱。
- 那个高大的建筑令人印象深刻。
5. 副词副词用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示程度、方式、时间、地点等。
副词通常在句子中的动词之前或形容词之后。
例句: - 他快速地跑过去。
- 她非常善良地对待每个人。
6. 介词介词用来表示名词与其他词之间的关系,常用的介词包括“在、上、下、前、后、中、周围”等。
例句: - 书放在桌子上。
- 我们一起走在大街上。
7. 连词连词用来连接词语、短语或句子,使句子结构更加完整。
常见的连词有“和、或、但、因为、所以”等。
例句: - 我喜欢吃水果和蔬菜。
- 你可以选择学习或者工作。
8. 冠词冠词用来修饰名词,表示其泛指或特指。
常见的冠词有“a、an、the”。
例句: - 我想买一本书。
- 这是我喜欢的颜色。
9. 句子结构句子由主语、谓语和宾语构成。
主语通常是句子的主要主题,谓语表示主语的动作或状态,宾语接受动作的对象。
例句: - 我喜欢读书。
(主语:我,谓语:喜欢,宾语:读书)10. 语态语态表示动作的执行者和承受者之间的关系,常见的语态有主动语态和被动语态。
4.at this time of year 在每年的这个时候5.get sth. ready for sb. 为某人把某物准备好/ get ready to do6.be always ready to do sth. 乐于做某事7. let off fireworks 燃放烟花【课堂练习】一、单项选择( ) 1.People do not celebrate in the USA.A. Thanksgiving DayB. the Dragon Boat FestivalC. HalloweenD. Christmas( ) 2.Thank you _________me.A. for helpB. for helpingC. at helpingD. to help( ) 3.Don’ t play a trick him.A. atB. onC. toD. for( ) 4.They usually have a party _______ the evening of October 1st.A. inB. atC. onD. with( ) 5.— is that tall man? —He is my brother.A. WhatB. WhoC. WhichD. How( ) 6.— woman is Tom’s mother? —The one in the red coat.A. WhatB. WhichC. WhoD. Whose( )7.I think that studying in pairs or group is necessary you want to learn from each other in class.A. thoughB. untilC. unlessD. if( ) 8.Would you like with us?A. to play tennisB. play tennisC. playing tennisD. plays tennis( ) 9.Jack and I enjoy ________ music very much.A. hearB. listen toC. hearingD. listening to( )10.—Happy Halloween,Kitty.—A. Yes, I’m very happy.B. Thanks. The same to you.C. OK, you’re right.D. Not at all.( )11.It that our Chinese teacher is coming to see you.A.looksB. seemsC. feelsD. listens( )12.Can you when the train leaves?A. find outB. lookC. look atD. look for( )13.The children in Canada always dress up ghosts Halloween.A. as, inB. in, onC. as, onD. in, as三、26-30 BCADC 31-35 AACD1112。
高考英语语法填空真题练习班级考号姓名总分一、基础题(一)名词1.(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.2.(2022年全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful. The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.3.(2022年全国乙卷)“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry4.(2020新高考Ⅰ,44)Historical(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.5.(2020课标全国Ⅰ, 64)The far side of the moon is of particular(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.6.(2020浙江,62)Later, they learned to work with the (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.(二)冠词1.(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set upa Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). covering an area about three times ___57___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.2.(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷)___37___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell asleep while watching TV.3.(2022年新高考全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.4.(2020浙江,64)This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with rise of science, changes began.5.(2022年全国乙卷)To celebrate ___62___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.(三)数词1.(2020课标全国Ⅱ短文改错改编)Then, when I was in the (five) grade,I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much.2.(2020课标全国Ⅰ短文改错改编)In the summer holiday following my (eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons.(四)代词1.(2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷)He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him.”2.(2022年全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____70_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth —A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.3.(2020新高考Ⅰ)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with compute r simulations(模拟)and imagine (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.4.(2020课标全国Ⅰ)Data about the moon s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.5.(2020北京)Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to (I) the twosimple words “Be yourself”.6.(2020天津,3)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than who are not.7.(2020浙江,)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out.二、提升题(一)语法填空With the development of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious. In some big cities 1. large number of citizens suffer various kinds of 2. (illness) because of air pollution.Air pollution is caused by the following factors: half of the problem is caused by 3. (vehicle). There are more and more cars and buses running on the roads, which give off poisonous 4. (gas). Twenty-five percent of air pollution is caused by 5. (factory). Another factor is smoking. Not only does smoking do harm to their health but also to others. Apart from these, about 10% of air pollution is caused by other 6. (reason).In order to fight against air pollution, we should take urgent 7. (measure). New fuels can be used to take 8. place of gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody is aware of the significance of protecting the environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will be solved. Remember—each 9. (person) contribution counts a lot when it comes to protecting the environment. We hope air pollution will decrease a great deal when we celebrate the 10. (hundred) birthday of our city.(二)写作微练1.(2020课标全国Ⅰ)My father(是一位收银员) at the neighbourhood supermarket.2.(2020课标全国Ⅱ)We(去了一家农场) last weekend, where the scenery was very beautiful.3.(2020课标全国Ⅲ)(词汇和语法) of the plot need to be adjusted.附:参考答案和解析一、(一)名词1.【答案】populations考查名词。
Section ⅡGrammar——倍数表达法与形容词/副词的比较级1.形容词/副词的原级比较【语境领悟】*English is as useful as Chinese for us.对我们来说,英语和汉语一样有用。
*He is not as tall as his roommate.他不如他的室友高。
*He runs as fast as his elder brother.他跑得和他哥哥一样快。
*He is as kind a person as his father.他和他父亲一样都是善良的人。
【知识归纳】形容词/副词原级比较表示两者程度相同,常用句型为:(1)A+谓语+as+形容词/副词+as B A和B一样……(2)A+谓语+not as/so+形容词/副词+as BA不如B……(3)A+谓语+as+形容词+a/an+单数名词+as B A和B一样是……样的人/物2.形容词/副词的比较级【语境领悟】*This apple is sweeter than that one.这个苹果比那个甜。
*They worked harder than ever before.他们比以往工作更努力。
【知识归纳】形容词/副词比较级常用句型:(1)A+谓语+形容词/副词比较级+than+B,表示“A比B更……”。
(2)A+谓语+not+形容词/副词比较级+than+B,表示“A不如B……”。
[考情分析]形容词和副词的比较等级是英语中常见的考点之一,考题常见于语法填空及书面表达中。
[即时训练]Ⅰ.单句填空1.Asia is four times as large as Europe.2.He does his homework more and more carefully.3.The more_careful (careful) you are the fewer mistakes you will make.4.Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.5.His house is twice larger (large) than mine.6.This orange is a little bigger (big) than that apple but much smaller (small) than that watermelon.7.Now the air in New Delhi is rather worse (bad) than it was before.Ⅱ.同义句转换,每空一词1.He doesn't speak English better than me.He doesn't speak English as/so well as me.2.He is the youngest in his class.①He is younger than any other student in his class.②He is younger than any of the other students in his class.3.He is not diligent. I am not diligent either.He is no more diligent than I am.4.I have never read a more interesting novel.It is the most interesting novel I've ever read.5.You have five books. And so do I.I have as many books as you do.Ⅲ.完成句子1.这个房间不如那个大。
Ⅰ词类1.名词n. (noun [naun])指代人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。
专有名词:具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的专有名称。
如Beijing,China 专有名词如果是含有名词短语,则必须使用定冠词the。
如the Great Wall姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人。
如the Greens普通名词:某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称,如book,sadness 可数名词cn. (countable noun)不可数名词un. (uncountable noun)2.动词v. (verb [və:b])表示动作或状态的词。
实义动词:词义完整,可以独立做谓语。
及物动词vt. (transitive verb)不及物动词vi. (intransitive verb)系动词:虽有词义,但不完整,不能独立做谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。
状态系动词“是”be表象系动词“看上去像、显得像是”look ,seem ,appear感官系动词“…起来”look ,feel ,smell ,taste ,sound持续系动词“保持、继续”keep ,remain ,continue ,last ,stay ,stand ,lie变化系动词“变得、变成”become ,turn ,grow ,go ,get ,come ,fall ,run终止系动词“被证实”prove ,turn out助动词:无词义,不能独立做谓语,只能与主要动词一起构成谓语。
be / do / have / shall / will情态动词:虽有词义,但不完整,不能独立做谓语,必须与动词原形构成谓语。
can / may / must / need / dare / ought to / shall / will情态动词表推测:must(一定)can/could(可能)may/might(也许)1.could,might并非can,may的过去式而表示可能性比can,may要小。
Unit Four Book OnePeriod 3 语法系统复习(四)冠词(二)各种固定搭配,特殊用法Learning goals:1.了解冠词各种搭配,特殊用法2.尝试应用于语法填空,改错题。
Step 1 特殊用法讲解一、序数词前的冠词使用规律1. 定冠词用在序数词前,也用在表示序列的next, last等前。
The first man to land on the moon is an American.This may be the last chance. 注意:2. the+ last +n 有两种含义:“最后一个”和“最不可能或最不乐意”。
He is the last person to say such words. He is the last person I wanted to see.3.“不定冠词+序数词”,表示“又一,再一”。
Can you give me a second chance, please? (a second chance=another chance)We played two draws(平局) the other day, but when I tried a third time, I was beaten.(a third time不是有计划地从前两次排下来的。
)4. 序数词表示名次时, 前面一般不用任何冠词Zhou Lan was first. / Zhou Lan came out first.二、姓氏及人名前的冠词使用情况1.“ a/an +姓氏单数”表示某家族的一个成员。
His wife is a Kennedy. = His wife is a member of the Kennedy family.2. “ a/an +作家、画家的姓氏单数”表示其作品。
Have you got a complete Lu Xun? = Have you got a set of Lu Xun's complete works?3.“ a/an +姓氏单数”表示“某个叫……的人”、“某位姓……的人”。
说话人只知道其姓氏,不知道名字,或者是说话人内心有所指,但又不十分明确或者是说话人有意隐瞒。
Our music teacher is a Miss White.4.“ a/an +姓+名”表示与该人(多指名人)有类似性格特征的人,可译成“一个像……一样的人”、“一个和……相似的人”。
Only a Lu Xun (= a great writer like Lu Xun) could have written that.He is a Lei Feng in our class.5. “ the + 姓氏单数”表示特指“某位姓……的人”,常用来区别同姓的两个或两个以上的人。
I don't refer to the Lao Wang who works in this company.6. “ the +姓氏复数”表示某一家人,或一家人中的夫妻俩、姐妹俩、兄弟俩。
此结构在句中作主语时,谓语动词为复数形式。
The Greens are at table.三、要注意下列特殊情况1. 农历节日前用the:the Spring Festival; the Mid-autumn Festival; the Autumn of 2008;the May of 2007; a Saturday; the English language= English; 2. 在河流、海洋、山川、海岛、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前,以及用于由普通名词构成(或含有普通名词)的专有名词如国名、地名、团体、机构、党派、报纸、杂志、事件、建筑物等前用the。
the Yellow River 黄河the Red Sea 红海the Indian Ocean 印度洋the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡the Sahara (Desert) 撒哈拉大沙漠the United States 美国the Times 泰晤士报the Great Wall长城the Great Cultural Revolution 文化大革命the New York Times纽约时报3.地名前用a 可以表示具有和该地名同样特征的另一地方。
As is known to us all, Suzhou is a Venice in China.四、名词前有无冠词有很大区别的用法对比:at table 在进餐;at the table 在桌子旁边at desk 在读书;at the desk 在课桌旁at school 在上学;at the school 在学校里by sea 乘船;by the sea 在海边in class 在上课;in the class 在班级里面in bed 卧床;in the bed 在床上in prison 坐牢;in the prison (因事)在监狱in hospital 住院;in the hospital (因事)在医院go to school 去上学;go to the school (因事)去学校go to sea 当水手;go to the sea 去海边go to bed 上床睡觉;go to the bed 在床上go to church去做礼拜; go to the church 去教堂里go to hospital 去看病;go to the hospital 去医院take place 发生;take the place 代替in place of 代替;in the place of 在...的地方in case of 万一;in the case of 就...来说out of question 毫无疑问;out of the question 完全不可能sb. be in charge of sth. 某人负责某事物;sth. be in the charge of sb. 某事物由某人掌管五、冠词在句中的特殊位置在通常情况下,冠词总是放在被修饰和说明的名词前,若名词前带有定语修饰语,冠词则放在相应的定语前。
但当名词前的修饰语涉及以下词语时,情况会比较特殊:1. such/what +a + adj + nThis hospital is a pattern of what a good hospital should be.2. how/ however/ so/ too/ as+ adj + a + nShe could not forgive so terrible an insult to her pride.He has too mild a nature to get angry, even if he has good cause.3. rather/ quite a + n若单数可数名词前有rather, quite 修饰,则不定冠词必须常放在这些词之后。
Your daughter is quite a beauty.六、并列名词中冠词的省略1. 前有后无型(前一名词带冠词,后一名词无冠词的情况):(1)用and 或or连接的两词表示同类或同一行业的人,而不致发生混淆时,后一名词前的冠词常承前省略Can we have a medical examination without a doctor or nurse in the room?(2)两名词指同一个人时,后名前冠词必须省略。
The poet and writer called at the editorial department of English Pictorial last week.(3)相连两物为一整体时,后名前冠词省略;如果分用两个冠词,意义稍有不同:I did buy a watch and chain yesterday.(我昨天确实买了一块带链子的手表。
)I did buy a watch and a chain yesterday.(我昨天确实买了一块表和一条表链。
)类似“配对出现”的词组还有:a knife and fork一副刀叉; a cup and saucer一套杯碟;a horse and cart一辆车马; a lock and key一把带钥匙的锁;a needle and thread一根穿了线的针; a coat and tie一件配有领带的上衣2. 前后均无型(前后冠词都可省略的情况):(1)相对应的两名词:The relations between parent and child are excellent.类似的词组有:husband and wife;father and son;cause and effect;solids or liquids (2)相关的两名词连用,尤其在谚语中:Pen and ink is wit‟s plough. (笔墨是开发才智之利器。
)Time and tide wait for no man. (岁月不待人。
)(3)称呼语中:boys and girls;ladies and gentlemen(4)固定习语中:day and night;heart and soul;truth and honesty3. 前后冠词都不能省略的情况:连用的名词具有不同的概念,或表示选择的概念时,冠词均不可省略They had walked a day and a night before they reached the front.连用的名词具有相同的概念,但具有不同的修饰语:a light ball and a heavy ball 前后名词的冠词不相同时:A lady and the writer wrote the novel together.(一位女士和这位作家合写了这部小说。
)七、类别的表示方式表示类别有三种方式,但是这三种方法各有侧重:1.a(n)+单数名词a(n)侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。
A tiger is a type of very large fierce wild cat that has yellow fur with black bands across.2. the+单数名词the 指的是整个类别,这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的。
The compass was invented in China, but the computer was not.3. 零冠词+复数名词不用冠词的复数名词侧重指类别的许多个体。