国际名著《环境保护》中文翻译

大学综合教程课文原文及翻译环境保护的重要性在大学综合教程中，我们经常会接触到各种课文内容，其中一篇非常重要的课文就是关于环境保护的原文与翻译。

环境保护是当今社会中备受关注的话题，而这篇课文将帮助我们深入了解环境保护的重要性。

下面是给大家提供的大学综合教程课文原文及其翻译：原文：Environmental ProtectionAs a college student, I believe that environmental protection is of great importance. With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, environmental problems have become increasingly serious. The air we breathe, the water we drink, and the land we live on are facing severe pollution. It is our responsibility to take actions and protect the environment.First, environmental protection is essential for our health. Due to air and water pollution, many people suffer from respiratory diseases and other health issues. In order to maintain a good quality of life, we need to protect our environment and reduce pollution.Second, environmental protection is crucial for the survival of various species. With the destruction of natural habitats and the extinction ofanimals, the balance of the ecosystem is disrupted. By protecting the environment, we can protect the biodiversity on Earth.Third, environmental protection helps conserve limited resources. By reducing waste and promoting sustainable practices, we can ensure the availability of resources for future generations. Preserving forests, conserving water, and promoting renewable energy are all important measures to achieve this goal.In conclusion, environmental protection plays a vital role in our society. It is not only about preserving nature, but also about safeguarding our health and ensuring a sustainable future. As college students, we should actively participate in environmental activities and promote awareness of the importance of environmental protection.翻译：环境保护作为一名大学生，我认为环境保护非常重要。

环境保护翻译Environment ProtectionWith the rapid development of industrialization and agriculture, the issue of environmental protection has gained increasing attention. Protecting the environment is crucial for the sustainable development of our planet.One of the main challenges faced in environmental protection is air pollution. The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gas, releases harmful substances into the atmosphere, leading to the deterioration of air quality. This not only harms human health but also contributes to climate change. To mitigate air pollution, governments and individuals need to take measures such as promoting the use of clean energy, improving vehicle emissions standards, and reducing industrial emissions.Water pollution is another significant environmental concern. Industrial activities and the improper disposal of waste have led to the contamination of rivers, lakes, and oceans. This not only harms aquatic ecosystems but also affects human health. To protect water resources, it is essential to adopt strict regulations on industrial waste management, promote the use of environmentally friendly technologies, and raise public awareness about the importance of water conservation.In addition to air and water pollution, deforestation poses a severe threat to the environment. Forests play a vital role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems, regulating the climate, and conserving biodiversity. However, due to logging, agriculture, andurbanization, forests are being destroyed at an alarming rate. To combat deforestation, governments must enforce stricter laws on illegal logging, promote sustainable forestry practices, and support reforestation initiatives.To protect the environment effectively, international cooperation is of utmost importance. Pollution knows no boundaries, and it is essential for countries to work together to address global environmental problems. International agreements, such as the Paris Agreement on climate change, provide a framework for countries to collaborate on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the impacts of climate change. Furthermore, sharing technology and knowledge can help developing countries gain access to eco-friendly solutions for environmental protection.Individuals also play a vital role in environmental conservation. Simple actions, such as reducing waste, recycling, and conserving energy, can make a significant difference in reducing our ecological footprint. Moreover, educating ourselves and others about the importance of environmental protection can help create a culture of sustainability.Overall, environmental protection is a pressing issue that requires the collective efforts of governments, organizations, and individuals. By taking concrete actions to mitigate air and water pollution, combat deforestation, promote international cooperation, and raise awareness, we can safeguard our planet for future generations.。

Unit 7 Protect the Earth保护地球Pages 68-69 Story timeSave water节约用水Water is useful. We drink water and use water to clean things every day. 水是有用的。

我们每天喝水，用水来清洁东西。

In many places, there is not much water.在很多地方，没有太多的水。

We should not waste water.我们不应该浪费水。

We should reuse and save it.我们应该再利用，并节约用水。

Save energy节约能源Most of our energy comes from coal and oil.我们大部分的能源来自煤和石油。

There is not much coal or oil on Earth.地球上没有太多的煤和石油。

We should save energy.我们应该节约能源。

We should not drive so much because cars use a lot of energy.我们不应该开车太多，因为汽车使用了大量的能源。

Save trees保护树木Wood comes from trees.木材来自树木。

We use wood to make tables,chairs and many other things.我们用木材做桌子、椅子和许多其他的东西。

We should not cut down too many trees because trees help keep the air clean. 我们不应该砍伐太多树木，因为树木有助于保持空气清洁。

Don't use too much plastic不要使用太多的塑料We use plastic to make bags and bottles, but too much plastic is bad for the Earth.我们用塑料来制造塑料袋和瓶子，但是太多的塑料有害地球。

翻译二级口译实务-环境保护(Environmental Protection)(总分：200.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}英译汉{{/B}}(总题数：4，分数：100.00)1.{{B}} Passage 1{{/B}} To me, the most interesting and immediate question is not whether the United States will ratify the Kyoto Protocol, but whether other parties are prepared to work toward that goal. The next few months will determine whether other patties choose an agreement on their terms without the United States, or whether they prefer an agreement that may require some compromise of ideological positions, but will in fact be effective and will include the United States. // I believe the EU and others, for a number of reasons, will conclude that its interests and those of the environment lie in crafting an agreement that the United States can support. The United States accounts for approximately 25% of global industrial emissions. Any agreement that excludes the United States will not control global warming. In addition, European businesses may wonder why they are asked to assume significant new climate change obligations if U.S. competitors are not going to be subject to roughly the same rules. // I might note two additional factors relevant here: first, the idea of emissions trading is growing in popularity in capitals on the continent, and also in London and Brussels. Second, economists are warning that few countries, with the notable exception of the United Kingdom, are on track to meet their Kyoto commitments. I am hopeful that these forces will allow governments at COP-6 to mold the Protocol into a sensible, practical shape, one which the United States can support. // Let me say a word more about developing country's participation because this is an area where the United States is frequently misunderstood. The undeniable fact is that climate change is a global problem that requires a global solution. To be sure, industrialization in the North contributed enormously to increased greenhouse gas concentrations. Developed countries, including the Untied States, must take significant steps immediately. // Acting alone, however, developed countries cannot stabilize global greenhouse gas concentrations. From a scientific standpoint, meaningful participation by key developing countries is a necessity. Several large developing countries will soon become the world's leading emitters. Developing countries already produce 44% of global fossil fuel emissions. In addition, developing countries are responsible for a disproportionate share of deforestation and other land-use practices that have raised carbon concentrations. // Per capita energy intensity ratios in some, not all, developing countries continue to rise briskly, despite the existence of clean technologies that were not invented when developed countries were industrialized. In the immediate future, 80% of new electric power generation projects will occur in developing countries. All of us want those projects to use the latest cutting edge technologies. // I mention these facts not to bicker about past or future responsibility, for that detracts from our common cause of halting global warming, but to highlight the need for all countries to be a part of the solution. // In a very real sense, developing countries have the most to gain from an effective Protocol in which all the industrialized countries participate. For developing countries, unfortunately, have the least capacity to adapt to climate change. The longer we wait, the harder it will be to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations at acceptable levels and the harder these countries will be hit. // The 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change points the way: each nation should take national and international steps commensurate with its capacity to contribute to the global solution based on the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities". // Many developing countries have taken significant unilateral action already. China, for example, has sought to conserve energy and reduce emissions growth while simultaneously raising living standards dramatically. Without price reforms and energy efficiency gains, China's emissions would be more than 50% higher than they are now. // We recognize, moreover, that some developing countries may lack the capacity to assume and implement legally binding emissionstargets at this time. For these countries, other types of action would be appropriate at present. All developing countries should explore opportunities under the Clean Development Mechanism, adopt sound national policies on energy and land use, and pursue other climate-friendly measures under the Framework Convention. // The negotiating histories of both the Framework Convention and Kyoto Protocol demonstrate general agreement on the need to mitigate climate change while allowing for continued economic growth. The Untied States believes this formula remains the key to securing developing country action. Developing countries are finding in the Kyoto Protocol avenues to pursue their development and environmental goals simultaneously. There is a growing recognition of the potential of the Clean Development Mechanism to direct advanced technology and major capital flows to the developing world. // (Excerpts from "Under Secretary of State Loy on Kyoto Protocol" made by former Under Secretary of State for Global Affairs Frank E. Loy to American Bar Association Conference)（分数：25.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：对我来说，最关心和最迫切的问题不是美国能否批准《京都议定书》，而是其他参与国是否会朝这个目标努力。

【原文】环境保护是中国的一项基本国策。

防治环境污染和生态破坏以及合理开发利用自然资源关系到国家的全局利益和长远发展。

《中华人民共和国宪法》（the Constitution of the People's Republic of China）规定：“国家保护和改善生活环境和生态环境，防治污染和其他公害。

”“国家保障自然资源的合理利用，保护珍贵的动物和植物。

禁止任何组织或者个人用任何手段侵占或者破坏自然资源。

”请看下面的汉译英段落翻译：【参考译文】Environmental protection is one of China’s basic state policy. The prevention and control of environmental pollution and ecological destruction, together with the rational exploitation and utilization of natural resources, is of vital importance to the country’s overall interests and long-term development. As the Constitutionof the People’s Republic of China stipulates, the state protects and improves the living environment and the ecological environment. It prevents and controls pollution, as well as other public hazards. The constitution also makes it clear that the state ensures the rational use of natural resources and protects rare animals and plants. Appropriation or damage of natural resources by any organization or individual by whatever means is prohibited.【原文】互联网对中国经济来讲犹如另外一场改革开放，如今互联网产业已经成为中国经济增长的主要驱动力量，成为连接科技发展与经济发展的重要桥梁。

中高级口译词汇-自然生态环保篇1. 白色污染white pollution （non-degradable white plastics）2. 保护生存环境protect natural habitats3. 城市垃圾urban refuse4. 地面沉降land subsidence; ground depression5. 二次污染物secondary pollutant6. 二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide7. 二氧化硫sulfur dioxide8. 二氧化碳carbon dioxide9. 防风治沙check wind and control sand10. 防护林shelterbelt11. 防治沙漠化combat desertification12. 封山育林set apart hills for forestry13. 工业固体废物industrial solid wastes14. 国际生物多样性日International Biodiversity Day （Dec.29）15. 国家环保基本方针China’s guiding principle for environmental protectio n16. 国家环保总局SEPA （State Environmental Protection Administratio n）17. 海洋生物marine life18. 化害为利；变废为宝 turn the harmful into the beneficialand waste into valuable19. 环保产品environment-friendly products20. 环保意识environmental awareness21. 环境恶化environmental degradation22. 环境污染综合防治integrated control of environmental pollution23. 环境效益environmental benefit24. 环境指标environmental criteria25. 减少拥挤decongestion26. 交通噪音traffic noise27. 可再生资源renewable resources28. 立体气候3-D climate29. 环发大会UN Conference on Environment and Development （UNCED）30. 绿化运动afforestation drive绿色奥运green Olympic Games1. 绿色能源green energy resource （e.g. the solar power 如：太阳能）2. 绿色企业green enterprise3. 绿色食品green food4. 牧场pasture5. 牧放（吃草）graze6. 青藏高原Qinghai-Tibet plateau7. 清洁能源clean energy8. 全球变暖global warming9. 热带风暴tropical storm10. 热带雨林tropical rain forest11. 热岛效应heat island effect12. 热污染thermal pollution13. 人工降雨artificial rain14. 三峡工程Three Gorges Project15. 三峡工程three gorges project16. 三峡水库Three Gorges reservoir17. 森林覆盖率forest coverage18. 沙尘暴dust storm; sand storm19. 沙漠化desertification20. 生活污水domestic sewage21. 生态技术eco-technology22. 生态农业eco-agriculture23. 生态示范区ecodemonstration region / environment-friendly region24. 受灾地区disaster -affected area25. 水产资源aquatic resources26. 水土流失water loss and soil erosion27. 死亡率mortality28. 死亡人数death toll29. 酸雨acid rain30. 太空垃圾space trash31. 天然牧场natural grazing ground32. 土地沙化desertification33. 土地酸化acidification34. 土壤碱化soil alkalinization35. 土壤侵蚀soil erosion36. 退耕还林还草 grain for green / return cultivated land to forestry or pasture37. 退田还林restore the reclaimed land to forest38. 危险废物hazardous wastes39. 温室气体greenhouse gases40. 污染指数pollution index41. 污水处理sewage treatment/ disposal42. 无公害蔬菜"green" vegetable43. 无铅汽油unlead gas44. 先天与后天；遗传与环境nature-nurture45. 养蚕sericulture46. 养蜂beekeeping47. 养鱼fish culture; pisciculture48. 野生动植物wild fauna and flora49. 一次能源primary energy50. 一次污染物primary pollutant51. 预防为主、防治结合的政策 policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention withcontrol52. 珍稀濒危物种rare or endangered species53. 植树节National Tree-Planting Day54. 资源消耗resource degradation55. 自然保护区natural reserve; natural preservation zone56. 自然资源保护区natural resource protection areas57. 综合整治comprehensive improvement58. 气象学meteorology1）摄氏centigrade; Celsius2）华氏Fahrenheit3）雷thunder4）雹hailstorm5）霜frost6）雾fog7）对流convection8）天气weather9）气候climate10）气候学climatology11）季风monsoon12）地中海气候Mediterranean climate13）秋老虎Indian summer90. 中国节气Solar Terms1）立春Beginning of Spring2）雨水Rain Water3）惊蛰Waking of Insects4）春分Spring Equinox5）清明Pure Brightness; Clear Brightness 6）谷雨Grain Rain7）立夏Beginning of Summer8）小满Grain Full9）芒种Grain in Ear10）夏至Summer Solstice11）小暑Slight Heat12）大暑Great Heat13）立秋Beginning of Autumn14）处暑Limit of Heat15）白露White Dew16）秋分Autumnal Equinox17）寒露Cold Dew18）霜降Forest’s Descent19）立冬Beginning of winter 20）小雪Slight Snow21）大雪Great Snow22）冬至Winter Solstice23）小寒Slight Cold24）大寒Great Cold。

环境保护口译笔译词汇集世界环境日 World Environment Day (June 5th each year) 世界环境日主题 World Environment Day Themes环境千年—行动起来吧！（2000） The Environment Millennium - Time to Act！拯救地球就是拯救未来！（1999） Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It!为了地球上的生命—拯救我们的海洋!（1998）For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas!为了地球上的生命（1997） For Life on Earth我们的地球、居住地、家园（1996） Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home国际生物多样性日 International Biodiversity Day (29 December)世界水日 World Water Day (22 March)世界气象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日 World Oceans Day (8 June )联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会） United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)环发大会首脑会议 Summit Session of UNCED联合国环境规划署 United Nations Environment Programs （UNEP）2000年全球环境展望报告 GEO-2000; Global Environmental Outlook 2000入选“全球500佳奖” be elected to the rank of Global 500 Roll of Honor联合国人类居住中心 UN Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS)改善人类居住环境最佳范例奖 Best Practices in Human Settlements Improvement人与生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme (UNESCO)中国21世纪议程 China’s Agenda 21中国生物多样性保护行动计划 China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan中国跨世纪绿色工程规划 China Trans-Century Green Project Plan国家环境保护总局 State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA)中国环保基本方针 China’s guiding principles for environmental protection坚持环境保护基本国策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection推行可持续发展战略 pursue the strategy of sustainable development贯彻经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展（三同步）的方针 carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protecti on (the “three synchronizes”principle)促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变 promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth 实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一 bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection中国环保基本政策 the basic policies of China’s environmental protection预防为主、防治结合的政策 policy of prevention in thefirst place and integrating prevention with control 污染者负担的政策“the-polluters-pay” policy强化环境管理的政策 policy of tightening up environmental management一控双达标政策 policy of “One Order, Two Goals”: “一控”：12种工业污染物的排放量控制在国家规定的排放总量 The total discharge of 12 industrial pollutants in China by the end of 2000 shall not exceed the total amount mandated by the central government.; “双达标”： 1. 到2000年底，全国所有的工业污染源要达到国家或地方规定的污染物排放标准 The discharge of industrial pollutants should meet both national and local standards by the end of 2000. 2. 到2000年底，47个重点城市的空气和地面水达到国家规定的环境质量标准 2. Air and surface water quality in all urban districts in 47 major cities should meet related national standards by the end of 2000.对新项目实行环境影响评估 conduct environmental impact assessments (EIA) on start-up projects提高全民环保意识 raise environmental awareness amongst the general public查处违反环保法规案件 investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulat ions on environmental protection环保执法检查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time中国已加入的国际公约 international conventions into which China has accessed控制危险废物越境转移及其处置的巴塞尔公约 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer生物多样性公约 Convention on Biological Diversity防治荒漠化国际公约 Convention to Combat Desertification 气候变化框架公约 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change生态示范区 eco-demonstration region;environment-friendly region国家级生态示范区（珠海） Nationally DesignatedEco-Demonstration Region国家级园林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City对水质和空气质量的影响 impact on the quality of the water and the air治理环境污染 curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control海藻 mostly in polluted waters)工业固体废物 industrial solid wastes白色污染 white pollution (by using and littering ofnon-degradable white plastics)可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags放射性废料积存 accumulation of radioactive waste有机污染物 organic pollutants氰化物、砷、汞排放 cyanide, arsenic, mercury discharged 铅、镉、六价铬 lead, cadmium, sexivalent chromium城市垃圾无害化处理率 decontamination rate of urbanrefuse垃圾填埋场 refuse landfill垃圾焚化厂 refuse incinerator防止过度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation 森林砍伐率 rate of deforestation水土流失 water and soil erosion土壤盐碱化 soil alkalization农药残留 pesticide residue水土保持 conservation of water and soil生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture;eco-agriculture水资源保护区 water resource conservation zone海水淡化 sea water desalinization保护珊瑚礁、红树林和渔业资源 protect coral reefs, mangrove and fishing resource绿化祖国 turn the country green全民义务植树日 National Tree-Planting Day造林工程 afforestation project绿化面积 afforested areas; greening space森林覆盖率 forest coverage防风林 wind breaks （防沙林 sand breaks）速生林 fast-growing trees降低资源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation 开发可再生资源 develop renewable resources环保产品 environment-friendly products自然保护区 nature reserve野生动植物 wild fauna and flora保护生存环境 conserve natural habitats濒危野生动物 endangered wildlife珍稀濒危物种繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center自然生态系统 natural ecosystems防止沙漠化（治沙、抗沙） desertification环境负荷 carrying capacity of environment三废综合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes 先天与后天，遗传与环境 nature-nurture美化环境 landscaping design for environmental purposes 防止沿海地带不可逆转恶化 protect coastal zones from irreversible degradation环境恶化 environmental degradation城市化失控 uncontrolled urbanization温饱型农业 subsistence agriculture贫困的恶性循环 vicious cycle of poverty大气监测系统 atmospheric monitoring system空气污染浓度 air pollution concentration酸雨、越境空气污染 acid rain and transboundary air pollution二氧化硫排放 sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions悬浮颗粒物 suspended particles工业粉尘排放 industrial dust discharged烟尘排放 soot emissions二氧化氮 nitrate dioxide (NO2)矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气） fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas清洁能源 clean energy汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust尾气净化器 exhaust purifier无铅汽油 lead-free gasoline天然气汽车 gas-fueled vehicles电动汽车 cell-driven vehicles; battery cars氯氟烃 CFCs温室效应 greenhouse effect厄尔尼诺南徊 ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation)噪音 noise （分贝 db; decibel）化学需氧量（衡量水污染程度的一个指标） COD；chemical oxygen demand生物需氧量 BOD; biological oxygen demand工业废水处理率 treatment rate of industrial effluents 城市污水处理率 treatment rate of domestic sewage集中处理厂 centralized treatment plant红潮 red tide (rapid propagation of sea algae大气 ATMOSPHERE大气组成 Atmospheric composition空气质量 Air quality大气化学 Atmospheric chemistry大气成分 Atmospheric components大气颗粒物 Atmospheric particulates二氧化碳 Carbon dioxide温室气体 Greenhouse gases氧气 Oxygen臭氧层 Ozone layer大气过程 Atmospheric processes空气－水相互作用 Air-water interaction大气环流 Atmospheric circulation大气降水 Atmospheric precipitation碳循环 Carbon cycle蒸发作用 Evaporation降水增加 Precipitation enhancement降雨 Rainfall太阳辐射 Solar radiation蒸腾作用 Transpiration风 Winds空气污染 Air pollution酸雨 Acid rain空气污染物 Air pollutants氯氟碳 Chlorofluorocarbons沉降的颗粒物 Deposited particulate matter 飞灰 Fly ash雾 Fog薄烟 Haze空内空气污染 Indoor air pollution烟雾 Smog气候问题 Climatic issues农业气象学 Agrometeorology气候 Climate气候变化 Climatic change气候带 Climatic zones干旱 Drought全球变暖 Global warming温室效应 Greenhouse effect湿度 Humidity微气候影响 Microclimate effects海平面上升 Sea level rise人工影响天气 Weather modification岩石圈 LITHOSPHERE固态地球 Solid Earth洞穴 Caves地震活动 Seismic activity地震监测 Seismic monitoring火山 Volcanoes风蚀 Wind erosion陆地生态系统 TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS土壤 Soils农用土地 Agricultural land碱地 Alkali lands污染的土地 Contaminated land污染的土壤 Contaminated soil沙坑 Gravel pits荒地 Heath lands土地承载能力 Land carrying capacity土地污染 Land pollution土地开垦 Land reclamation土地恢复 Land restoration土地使用分类 Land use classification边缘土地 Marginal lands沙石开采 Sand extraction沉积 Sedimentation土壤潜力 Soil capabilities土壤保持 Soil conservation土壤污染 Soil contamination土壤退化 Soil degradation土壤侵蚀 Soil erosion土壤改良 Soil improvement土壤盐碱化 Soil salination水蚀 Water erosion干旱地区生态系统 Arid land ecosystems干旱土地 Arid lands沙漠化 Desertification抗旱 Drought control旱作 Dry farming沙丘固定 Sand dune fixation沙丘 Sand dunes半干旱地区生态系统 Semi-arid land ecosystems森林生态系统 Forest ecosystems植树造林 Afforestation针叶林 Coniferous forests森林砍伐 Deforestation森林保护 Forest conservation森林火灾 Forest fires草地火灾 Grass fires绿化带 Greenbelts本地森林 Indigenous forests再造林 Reafforestation植被恢复 Revegetation亚热带生态系统 Sub-tropical ecosystems温带森林 Temperate forests温带林地 Temperate woodlands树木 Trees热带生态系统 Tropical ecosystems热带森林 Tropical forests热带森林生态系统 Tropical forest ecosystems林地生态系统 Woodland ecosystems温带生态系统和寒带生态系统 Temperate ecosystems and cold zone ecosystems南极生态系统 Antarctic ecosystems南极地区 Antarctic region北极生态系统 Arctic ecosystems北极地区 Arctic region寒带生态系统 Cold zone ecosystems草地生态系统 Grassland ecosystems永久冻土生态系统 Permafrost ecosystems极地生态系统 Polar ecosystems温带生态系统 Temperate ecosystems山地生态系统 Mountain ecosystems高原生态系统 Highland ecosystems登山运动 Mountaineering湿地生态系统 Wetlands ecosystems红树沼泽 Mangrove swamps水禽 Waterfowl水涝地 Waterlogged lands流域管理 Watershed management水边开发 Waterside development生物多样性和保护区 Biological diversity and protected areas适应性强的物种 Adaptable species藻类 Algae两栖动物 Amphibians动物习性 Animal behaviour动物资源 Animal resources节肢动物 Arthropods生物多样性 Biological diversity生物资源 Biological resources生物圈保护区 Biosphere reserves群落生境 Biotopes鸟类 Birds植物园 Botanical gardens基因资源保护 Conservation of genetic resources生态平衡 Ecological balance濒危动物物种 Endangered animal species濒危植物物种 Endangered plant species河口保护区 Estuarine conservation areas动物区系 Fauna植物区系 Flora食物链 Food chain捕猎 Hunting无脊椎动物 Invertebrates陆地哺乳动物 Land mammals哺乳动物 Mammals海洋保护区 Marine conservation areas微生物 Microorganisms移栖种 Migratory species国家公园 National parks国家保护区 National reserves寄生生物 Parasites愉猎 Poaching灵长目 Primates保护区 Protected areas受保护的物种 Protected species爬行动物 Reptiles陆地生物资源 Terrestrial biological resources 植被 Vegetation杂草 Weeds野生生物 Wildlife野生生物保护 Wildlife conservation野生生物生境 Wildlife habitats动物园 Zoological gardens细菌 Bacteria酶 Enzymes真菌 Fungi基因库 Gene banks种质 Germ plasm微生物资源 Microbial resources原生生物 Protozoa病毒 Viruses酵母 Yeasts生物技术问题 Biotechnological issues农业生物技术 Agricultural biotechnologies生物伦理学 Bioethics生物安全 Biosafety生物技术 Biotechnologies无性繁殖 Cloning与健康有关的生物技术 Health-related biotechnologies 诱变剂 Mutagens突变微生物释放 Mutated microorganisms release突变体 Mutants繁殖控制 Reproductive manipulationDNA重组技术 Recombinant DNA technology动物的选择性繁殖 Selective breeding of animals植物的选择性繁殖 Selective breeding of plants生物技术的社会－经济影响 Socio-economic impact of biotechnologies致畸剂 Teratogens淡水 FRESHWATER淡水资源 Freshwater resources谈水保护 Conservation of freshwater水坝 Dams冰 Ice湖泊 Lakes自然排水系统 Natural drainage systems河流流域开发 River basin development河流 Rivers雪 Snow地下水 Subterranean water地表水 Surface waters水资源保护 Water resources conservation水资源开发 Water resources development淡水生态系统 Freshwater ecosystems集水区 Catchment areas国际河流流域 International river basins湖泊流域 Lake basins池塘尾渣 Ponds tailings河流流域 River basins淡水恶化 Freshwater degradation河流污染 River pollution径流 Run-off沉积物移动 Sediment mobilization沉积物运移 Sediment transport沉积盆地 Sedimentary basins渗漏 Seepage凤眼蓝 Water hyacinth水污染 Water pollution水的盐化 Water salination饮用水供应 Drinking water supply脱盐 Desalination饮用水 Drinking water饮用水处理 Drinking water treatment城市配水系统 Municipal water distribution systems 农村供水 Rural water supply污水处理厂 Sewage treatment plants水泵 Water pumps水处理 Water treatment水井 Water wells海洋环境 MARINE ENVIRONMENTS海洋生态系统 Marine ecosystems藻花 Algal bloom海底生态系统 Benthic ecosystems海洋污染 Marine pollution污染沉积物 Marine sediments海洋环境 Ocean circulation洋流 Ocean currents海洋 Oceans海洋温度 Ocean temperature赤潮 Red tide海平面 Sea level潮,潮汐 Tides沿海生态系统 Coastal ecosystems群岛 Archipelagoes沿海地区 Coastal areas沿海开发 Coastal development沿海环境 Coastal environments海岸侵蚀 Coastal erosion疏浚 Dredging河口生态系统 Estuarine ecosystems岛屿生态系统 Island ecosystems小岛屿 Small islands海洋生物资源 Living marine resources水生哺乳动物 Aquatic mammals水生微生物 Aquatic microorganisms水生植物 Aquatic plants珊瑚礁 Coral reefs甲壳纲动物 Crustaceans鱼类 Fish海洋资源保护 Marine resources conservation 软体动物 Molluscs水生贝壳类动物 Shellfish环境管理 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT资源管理 Resources management深海矿藏 Deep sea deposits森林管理 Forest management森林政府 Forest policy资源的地埋分布 Geographic distribution of resources土地价值 Land values矿产资源 Mineral resources国家保护计划 National conservation programmes自然资源 Natural resources自然保护 Nature conservation不可再生资源 Non-renewable resources资源净损耗 Net resource depletion矿床 Ore deposits石油资源保护 Petroleum resources conservation可再生资源 Renewable resources资源估价 Resource appraisal资源保护 Resource conservation海底开发 Sea bed exploitation海底采矿 Sea bed mining本地资源的利用 Utilization of local resources环境规划 Environmental planning发展合作 Development cooperation发展计划 Development planning生态发展 Ecodevelopment经济发展 Economic development经济计划 Economic planning环境核算 Environmental accounting环境审计 Environmental auditing环境健康影响评价 Environmental health impact assessment 环境影响 Environmental impact环境影响评价 Environmental impact assessment环境影响状报告书 Environmental impact statement环境指标 Environmental indicators环境政策 Environmental policy环境风险评估 Environmental risk assessment财政资助 Financial assistance土地利用规划 Land use planning环境管理指标 Environmental management indicators环境质量指标 Environmental quality indicators试验项目 Pilot projects政策规划 Policy planning施压集团 Pressure groups区域规划 Regional planning自助计划 Self-help programmes工农业选址 Siting of industry社会调查 Social surveys发展状况 Status of development可持续发展 Sustainable development可持续发展指标 Sustainable development indicators技术评价 Technology assessment运输计划 Transport planning环境经济问题 Environmental economic issues环境定价 Environmental valuation环境成本 Environmental costs外部 Externalities重置成本 Replacement costs贸易对环境的影响 Trade impact on environment已定价值的生态系统组成部分 Valued ecosystem components 经济管理手段 Economic management instruments成本-效益分析 Cost-benefit analysis发展中国家债务 Developing countries debt环境股票交易 Environmental stock exchange政府环境开支 Government environmental expenditures绿色财政手段 Green fiscal instruments环境成本内在化 Internalisation of environmental costs 以绿色标志促销 Marketing with green labelling资源的定价政策 Pricing policies of resources结构调整计划 Structural adjustment programs税收差别 Tax differentiation可交易的许可证 Tradeable permits人类住区 HUMAN SETTLEMENTS人类住区管理 Human settlements management建成区 Built-up areas经济规划 Economic zoning用火安全要求 Fire safety requirements历史遗址 Historical sites住房改善 Housing improvements住房需求 Housing needs住房规划 Housing programmes住房质量标准 Housing quality standards工业区 Industrial areas非高峰时间工作 Off-peak working办公室 Offices城区发展模式 Patterns of urban growth规划的城区发展 Planned urban development再建房屋 Rehousing租赁房屋 Rental housing居民区 Residential areas建筑安全标准 Safety standards for buildings商店 Shops建筑业标准 Standards for building industry城区设计 Urban design建成结构 Built structures桥梁 Bridges建筑材料 Building materials建筑物 Buildings建筑技术 Building technology施工技术 Construction technology建筑工程 Construction works农业建筑 Farm buildings政府建筑 Government buildings高层建筑 High-rise buildings工业建筑 Industrial buildings本地建筑材料 Local materials for building 拖车住房 Mobile homes核研究中心 Nuclear research centres装配式房屋 Prefabricated buildings结构 Structures隔热 Thermal insulation基础设施 Infrastructure通道 Access roads水上娱乐活动 Aquatic recreational amenities 汽车停放 Automobile parking建成的排水系统 Built drainage systems电力分配 Electric power distribution公共花园 Public gardens公路 Highways空地 Open spaces管道 Pipelines运动场 Playgrounds公园 Public parks公用事业 Public utilities道路建设 Road construction道路养护 Road maintenance体育设施 Sports facilities电信 Telecommunications运输系统 Transport systems隧道 Tunnels城市供水 Urban water supply公共服务 Public services人类住区的社会－经济方面 Socio-economic aspects of human settlements生育控制 Birth control社区服务 Community services社区参与 Community participation通勤 Commuting消费方式 Consumption patterns文化指标 Cultural indicators发展模式 Development patterns残疾人 Disabled persons毒品滥用 Drug abuse生态旅游 Ecotourism计划生育 Family planning性别问题 Gender issues无家可归 Homelessness住房集资 Housing finance人类迁居 Human migration人口 Human population人权 Human rights土地分配 Land allotment生活方式 Lifestyles低价住房 Low-cost housing流动工人 Migrant workers少数民族 Minorities社区改善计划 Neighbourhood improvement schemes新社区 New communities流浪者 Nomads非高峰时间通勤 Off-peak commuting公共卫生 Public health种族关系 Race relations娱乐 Recreation农村地区 Rural areas环境卫生 Sanitation社会指数 Social indicators社会-经济因素 Socio-economic factors旅游 Tourism旅行 Travel贫困阶层 Under-privileged people城市地区 Urban areas城区改造 Urban renewal城区压力 Urban stress妇女地位 Women status人类住区的环境方面 Environmental aspects of human settlements空调 Air conditioning尸体处置 Disposal of the dead区城供热 District heating住房密度 Housing density过度拥挤 Overcrowding难民 Refugees旅游设施 Tourist facilities城市衰败 Urban decay农业 AGRICULTURE农业方式 Agricultural practices农业设备 Agricultural equipment农业管理 Agricultural management农业方法 Agricultural methods农业害虫 Agricultural pests农业生产 Agricultural production农业储藏 Agricultural storage动物疾病 Animal diseases动物营养 Animal nutrition养蜂业 Apiculture水产养殖 Aquaculture害虫的生物控制 Biological control of pests 生物固氮 Biological nitrogen fixation堆肥 Composts等高耕作 Contour farming受控燃烧 Controlled burning作物保护 Crop protection挽畜 Draught animals鱼类养殖 Fish culture渔业管理 Fisheries management谷物 Grains作物虫害传染 Infestation of crops粮食虫害传染 Infestation of food灌溉 Irrigation灌溉渠 Irrigation canals灌溉农业 Irrigation farming天然肥料 Natural fertilizers有机农业 Organic farming病虫害控制 Pest management杀虫剂标准控制 Pesticide control standards 植物病害 Plant diseases家禽饲养 Poultry farming林农轮作 Shifting cultivation树木苗圃 Tree nurseries滴灌 Trickle irrigation农工业 Agro-industry畜产品 Animal products饮料工业 Beverage industry酿造业 Brewing industry蒸馏业 Distilling industry食品辐照 Food irradiation食品保存 Food preservation食品贮藏 Food storage食品运输 Food transport林产品 Forest products烟草 Tobacco农用化学品 Agrochemicals化学肥料 Chemical fertilizers杀真菌剂 Fungicides除草剂 Herbicides杀虫剂的代谢 Metabolism of pesticides硝酸盐 Nitrates亚硝酸盐 Nitrites亚硝胺 Nitrosamines营养物 Nutrients有机磷化物 Organophosphorous compounds 杀虫剂的持久性 Persistence of pesticides 杀虫剂路径 Pesticide pathways杀虫剂 Pesticides磷酸盐 Phosphates杀虫剂的毒性 Toxicity of pesticides杀虫剂的使用 Utilization of pesticides工业 INDUSTRY工业生产过程 Industrial processes制铝工业 Aluminium industry适用技术 Appropriate technology 高炉 Blast furnaces纤维素 Cellulose化学工业 Chemical industry清洁技术 Clean technologies服装工业 Clothing industry乳品业 Dairy industry脱盐工厂 Desalination plants干洗 Dry cleaning炼铁工业 Iron industry洗烫衣服 Laundering皮革工业 Leather industry金属加工 Metal finishing金属电镀 Metal plating金属冶炼 Metal smelting矿产业 Mineral industry采矿 Mining天然气开采 Natural gas extraction 原油开采 Oil extraction石油提炼 Petroleum refining印刷工业 Printing industry纸浆工业 Pulp industry采石 Quarrying橡胶加工 Rubber processing炼钢工业 Steel industry露天剥采 Strip mining焦油生产 Tar production焦油使用 Tar use木材保存 Wood preservation工业产品 Industrial products消费品 Consumer goods危险品 Dangerous goods工业材料 Industrial materials天然纤维 Natural fibres包装 Packaging涂料 Paints产品标签 Product labelling可再用容器 Reusable containers合成洗涤剂 Synthetic detergents合成纺织纤维 Synthetic textile fibres漆 Varnishes木产品 Wood products运输 TRANSPORTATION空运 Air transportation空中交通规则 Air traffic regulations飞机 Aircraft飞机发动机排放物 Aircraft engine emissions 飞机噪音 Aircraft noise机场 Airports航天运输 Space transportation陆上运输 Land transportation自行车 Bicycles内燃机 Combustion engines铁路运输 Railway transport道路安全 Road safety道路交通工程 Road traffic engineering道路运输 Road transport道路 Roads城市交通 Urban traffic车辆检验 Vehicle inspection水上运输 Water transportation渔轮 Fishing vessels内河运输 Inland water transport内陆水道 Inland waterways国际水道 International watercourses 海运 Maritime transport航运的危害 Navigational hazards油轮 Oil tankers港口 Ports潜水艇 Submarines能 ENERGY能源 Energy sources动物粪便作燃料 Animal dung as fuel 沼气 Biogas生物量 Biomass生物质能 Biomass energy木炭 Charcoal煤 Coal原油 Crude oil能源资源 Energy resources浓缩铀 Enriched uranium矿物燃料 Fossil fuels燃料酒精 Fuel alcohol薪柴 Fuel wood地热能 Geothermal energy碳氢化合物 Hydrocarbon compounds烃 Hydrocarbons水电 Hydroelectric power液化气 Liquefied gas甲烷 Methane天然气 Natural gas可再生能源 Renewable energy sources不可再生能源 Non-renewable energy resources 无污染能源 Non-polluting energy sources核能 Nuclear energy核燃料 Nuclear fuels油类 Oils油页岩 Oil shales泥炭、泥煤 Peat汽油 Petrols从废料中提取的燃料 Refuse derived fuels太阳能 Solar energy焦油砂 Tar sands海洋热能 Thermal sea power潮汐能 Tidal energy铀 Uranium波浪能 Wave energy风能 Wind energy能源过程 Energy processes煤气化 Coal gasification煤液化 Coal liquefaction电力 Electric power发电厂 Electric power plants蓄电装置 Electrical storage devices能源保护 Energy conservation能源转换 Energy conversion能源效率 Energy efficiency能源政策 Energy policy能源生产 Energy production能源利用 Energy use能源利用方式 Energy utilization patterns气体液化 Gas liquefaction照明 Lighting天然气勘探 Natural gas exploration核能利用 Nuclear energy uses核电站 Nuclear power plants近海石油钻探 Offshore oil drilling石油勘探 Oil exploration日照加热 Solar heating环境化学 ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY无机物质 Inorganic substances酸 Acids氧化铝 Alumina氯 Chlorine盐酸 Hydrochloric acid硫化氢 Hydrogen sulphide硫酸盐 Sulphates硫酸 Sulphuric acid光化学试剂 Photochemical agents光化学效应 Photochemical effects有机物质 Organic substances有机硅化合物 Organosilicon compounds酚 Phenols外激素，信息素 Pheromones植物油 Vegetable oils生物化学过程 Biochemical processes酸化 Acidification需氧过程 Aerobic processes厌氧过程 Anaerobic processes生物降解 Biodegradation脱氮作用 Denitrification富营氧化 Eutrophication杀虫剂的相互作用 Interaction of pesticides电离辐射 Ionizing radiation代谢（作用），新陈代谢（作用） Metabolism 固氮 Nitrogen fixation非电离辐射 Non-ionizing radiation光合作用 Photosynthesis物理－化学过程 Physico-chemical processes 放射性 Radioactivity毒性 Toxicity污染 POLLUTION污染物 Pollutants气溶胶，气雾剂 Aerosols农业废物 Agricultural wastes石棉 Asbestos商业噪音 Commercial noise混合污染 Composite pollution作物废物 Crop waste二恶英 Dioxins农家场院废物 Farmyard waste火、火灾 Fire危险物质 Hazardous substances危险废物 Hazardous wastes重金属 Heavy metals医院废物 Hospital wastes工业废水 Industrial effluents工业排放物 Industrial emissions工业烟尘 Industrial fumes工业噪声 Industrial noise无机污染物 Inorganic pollutants铅污染 Lead contamination液体废物 Liquid wastes丢弃物，废气物 Litter汞污染 Mercury contamination微污染物 Micropollutants采矿废物 Mining wastes机动车辆排放物 Motor vehicle emissions城市废物 Municipal waste氮氧化物 Nitrogen oxides噪声污染 Noise pollution恶臭公害 Odour nuisance有机物污染 Organic pollutants难降解有机污染物 Persistent organic pollutants 有机溶剂 Organic solvents有机卤化物 Organohalogen compounds医药废物 Pharmaceutical wastes塑料废物 Plastic wastes多氯联苯 Polychlorinated biphenyls聚合物废物 Polymer wastes放射性物质 Radioactive substances氡 Radon橡胶废物 Rubber waste锯屑 Sawdust污水 Sewage屠宰场废物 Slaughterhouse waste固体废物 Solid wastes热污染 Thermal pollution有毒物质 Toxic substances有毒废物 Toxic waste毒素 Toxins痕量元素 Trace elements痕量物质 Trace materials交通噪音 Traffic noise废物，垃圾 Trash废热 Waste heat木材废料 Wood waste对流层臭氧 Tropospheric ozone污染源 Pollution sources生物武器 Biological weapons水泥工业 Cement industry化学武器 Chemical weapons烟囱 Chimneys冷却水 Cooling waters机动车辆 Motor vehicles摩托车 Motorcycles核武器 Nuclear weapons海洋倾倒 Ocean dumping石油泄漏 Oil spills废金属 Scrap metals挖掘堆积 Excavation heaps污染治理 Pollution abatement隔音 Acoustic insulation化学污染清除 Chemical decontamination燃料脱硫 Desulphurization of fuels过滤器 Filters噪音治理 Noise abatement污染治理设备 Pollution abatement equipment 污染控制技术 Pollution control technology 辐射防护 Radiation protection洗涤器 Scrubbers分离器 Separators防烟 Smoke prevention废物最少化 Waste minimization废物 Wastes电池处理 Battery disposal废物的化学处理 Chemical treatment of waste处置场所 Disposal sites废物焚烧 Incineration of waste矿山回填 Mine filling残油回收 Oil residue recuperation放射性废物管理 Radioactive waste management回收的材料 Recycled materials回收 Recycling材料再利用 Reuse of materials卫生填埋 Sanitary landfills海洋排泄口 Sea outfall化粪池 Septic tanks污水处置 Sewage disposal污水处理系统 Sewage treatment systems固体废物处置 Solid waste disposal废物同化处置 Waste assimilation capacities废物转化技术 Waste conversion techniques废物处置 Waste disposal废物土地处置 Waste disposal in the ground废物处置税 Waste disposal taxes废物回收 Waste recovery废物利用 Waste use水的再利用 Water reuse人体健康 HUMAN HEALTH污染物的危害 Hazards of pollutants在人体组织中的积累 Accumulation in body tissues 镉污染 Cadmium contamination环境健康危害 Environmental health hazards人体接触污染物 Human exposure to pollutants污染物的长期效应 Long-term effects of pollutants核安全 Nuclear safety污染物的影响 Pollutant effects污染风险 Pollution risk辐射效应 Radiation effects药物的副作用 Side effects of pharmaceutical drugs 有毒物质的协同效应 Synergistic effects of toxic substances与环境有关的疾病 Environmentally related diseases 致癌物 Carcinogens南美锥虫病 Chagas'' disease人类的疾病 Human diseases免疫疾病 Immunological diseases婴儿死亡率 Infant mortality疟疾 Malaria盘尾丝虫病 Onchocerciasis病原生物体 Pathogenic organisms辐射病 Radiation sickness血吸虫病 Schistosomiasis人类疾病传染媒介 Vectors of human diseases工作环境 Working environment人机工程学 Ergonomics职业健康 Occupational health职业安全 Occupational safety振动 Vibration营养与保健 Nutrition and health care过敏素 Allergens基本食物要求 Basic food requirements食品 Food食品添加剂 Food additives食用色素 Food colourants食品污染 Food contamination保健 Health care卫生设施 Health facilities高蛋白食品 High protein foods医院 Hospitals营养不良 Malnutrition医疗 Medical treatment药用植物 Medicinal plants营养 Nutrition食品的营养价值 Nutritive value of food毒物 Poisons吸烟 Smoking主食 Staple foods传统保健 Traditional health care灾难 DISASTERS灾难现象 Catastrophic phenomena生物体的意外释放 Accidental release of organisms 雪崩 Avalanches旋风 Cyclones沙漠蝗虫 Desert locusts地震 Earthquakes环境事故 Environmental accidents流行病 Epidemics洪水 Floods飓风 Hurricanes山崩 Landslides人为灾难 Human-made disasters核事故 Nuclear accidents放射性污染 Radioactive contamination释放 Release地震海浪 Seismic sea waves泄漏 Spillage暴风雨 Storms台风 Typhoons应急减灾措施 Emergency relief measures灾难清理作业 Disaster clean-up operations防灾准备 Disaster preparedness防灾 Disaster prevention灾难救援 Disaster relief流离失所人员 Displaced persons紧急救援 Emergency relief应急避难所 Emergency shelter环境应急计划 Environmental contingency planning 防洪 Flood control放射性污染清除 Radioactive decontamination临时住房 Temporary housing临时避难所 Temporary shelter生境破坏 Habitat destruction陆地活动 Land-based activities自然改变 Physical alterations监测 MONITORING环境监测 Environmental monitoring生物指标 Biological indicators生态标志 Ecolabelling污染物鉴别 Identification of pollutants噪声监制 Noise monitoring污染物分析 Pollutant analysis污染物分布 Pollutant distribution污染物浓度 Pollutant levels污染物监测 Pollutant monitoring污染物路径 Pollutant pathways污染物来源鉴别 Pollutant source identification 污染监测 Pollution monitoring。

环保英语短文带翻译Title: The Importance of Environmental Protection。

Environmental protection has become a pressing issue in today's society. With the rapid development of industry and technology, human activities have caused serious damage to the environment. The earth's resources are being depleted at an alarming rate, and the air, water, and soil are being polluted. The consequences of these actions are numerous and severe, and they affect not only the natural world but also human health and well-being.One of the most significant consequences of environmental degradation is climate change. The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation have led to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which trap heat in the atmosphere and cause global temperatures to rise. This, in turn, has led to more frequent and severe weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and floods. These events can cause widespread damage to infrastructure, homes, and crops, andcan even lead to loss of life.Another consequence of environmental degradation is the loss of biodiversity. Human activities such as habitat destruction, overfishing, and hunting have caused many species to become endangered or extinct. This loss of biodiversity not only affects the natural world but also has implications for human health and well-being. Many medicines and other products are derived from natural sources, and the loss of biodiversity could mean the loss of potential cures for diseases.In addition to these consequences, environmental degradation also has a significant impact on human health. Air and water pollution can cause respiratory problems, cancer, and other illnesses. Exposure to toxic chemicals can lead to neurological damage and other health problems. In some cases, these health effects can be severe and even life-threatening.Given the severity of these consequences, it is clear that environmental protection is of utmost importance. Wemust take action to reduce our impact on the environment and protect the earth's resources for future generations. This can be done through a variety of means, including reducing our use of fossil fuels, promoting renewable energy sources, protecting natural habitats, and reducing waste and pollution. It will take a concerted effort from individuals, businesses, and governments to make these changes, but the benefits will be well worth the effort.In conclusion, environmental protection is a critical issue that must be addressed if we are to ensure a sustainable future for ourselves and future generations. The consequences of environmental degradation are severe and far-reaching, and they affect not only the natural world but also human health and well-being. We must take action to reduce our impact on the environment and protect the earth's resources for future generations.。

Passage 7根据估计，美国农夫每一年要喷洒9.71亿磅（合44万公吨）的农药，主要是对付昆虫、杂草以及真菌。

但是农药残留在农作物上或附近土壤中，然后渗入地下水，流入河川，最后进了野生生物的腹中。

这一化学药剂的涓涓之流，早就令环保人士忧虑了。

农产公司自1990年代中开始宣传基改种子，向农友保证可降低有毒农药的用量。

如今大部分基改作物都含有抗害虫或耐除草剂的基因，以大豆、玉米、棉花及油菜为主。

植入抗虫基因的作物会自行制造杀虫剂，因此可望减少化学药剂的喷洒。

耐除草剂的基改作物可耐受广效性除草剂，农人就可以摒弃针对特定杂草且毒性更强的化学药剂。

农人总是希望尽量少用比较危险的农药，不过基改作物之所以吸引人，是因为劳作手续简化了（降低施用农药的频率及复杂程度），甚至可使产量增加。

但是所谓的“对环境有好处”却不易证实。

事实上，还没有任何一篇经过同行专家审查的报告，讨论过那些好处，因为植物不同、地点不同，结果必定随之而变。

不过还是有些资讯可供参考，根据美国农业部统计，耐除草剂的作物不见得会降低农药的喷洒量，不过农人将使用比较温和的混合药剂。

例如，农人要是种植了耐除草剂的大豆，就会避免使用最毒的杀草剂，而改用毒性弱分解快的苷磷除草剂。

1998年瑞士的一份研究报告激起了广泛的疑虑，大家担心Bt作物可能会在无意中伤害运气不好的生物。

研究是在实验室中进行的，科学家以玉米螟幼虫喂食蚜狮幼虫，发现吃Bt玉米长大的玉米螟会使蚜狮死亡，而普通玉米则不会。

一年之后，美国康乃尔大学的昆虫学者洛西等人提出报告，他们以沾有Bt玉米花粉粒的马利筋叶喂食大桦斑蝶幼虫，结果那些幼虫都死了。

疑惧之火再度燃起。

7.环保——全球总动员20世纪60年代末70年代初美国将环境问题上升到了世界范围。

或许为监控和限制全球污染做世界范围努力的最大推动力是因为实际上很多形式的污染有具有国际性。

1972年在瑞典的斯德哥尔摩召开了由美国主办的第一届世界环境会议。

这个会议，美国作为带头人是有争议的，因为许多发展中国家害怕环境保护的焦点是发达国家让不发达国家处于经济屈从地位的一种手段。

会议最重要的成就就是成立了国际环境保护项目（UNEP）。

UNEP的主要目标是美国的环境道德心及减轻发展中国家的恐惧。

UN将总部首次设在发展中国家肯尼亚的内罗毕。

为了在主要环境问题上试图达成共识，UNEP的重要作用是研究鼓励可持续发展和提高生活水平二不破坏环境。

1972年UNEP成立时，只有11个国家建立环保局。

10年后，上升到了106个国家，其中有70个是发展中国家。

越来越多的国际协议为提高世界环境状况做出了努力。

1973年濒危物种国际贸易大会首次同意减少在灭绝边缘的动植物交易。

1982年的国际捕鲸委员会同意延缓偿付所有的商业捕鲸。

或许最重要的共识是1987年关于用尽臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔草案。

第一次，国际公约签署了以下特定目标：减少化学物质的释放量，减少臭氧层的破坏。

1989年国际委员会再次聚在一起限制危险废料在国与国之间的流动。

20年后，斯德哥尔摩会议，关于环境和发展的联合国会议，1992年在巴西的里约热内卢召开。

被人们所熟知为地球峰会，这是历史上聚集世界各国领导人最多的一次会议。

会议制定了两项主要条约。

第一个是减少导致全球变暖的尾气排放量，第二个是要求各国制定保护濒危物种的计划以保护生物多样性。

然而因为美国的坚持，签订全球变暖公约的最终范围急剧缩小。

美国同样是拒绝签署生物多样性公约的极少数国家之一。

美国代表反对部分公约规定自然资源所得来的钱如热带雨林，应该在源头国家和团体或公共季候使用的物质进行平分。

因为期望环境有所改善，导致世界各政党大力强调环境保护。