上海中考英语冲刺讲义第1讲-形容词 副词 五选四

英语中考语法选择题综合练习提高（沪）知识定位上海中考英语卷重视考查学生的基础语言知识和基本语言能力。

试题排列由易到难，考点分布科学合理，考察学生对各类实词（动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词）和各类虚词（连词、介词、冠词）的掌握情况，考察学生的音标、各类句型和情景问题的掌握情况。

知识梳理形容词、副词：中考考点注意：1. 原级，比较级，最高级三者的转换。

2. 序数词+形容词最高级“表示第几个最……”the third logest river in the world3. 以“a-”开头的形容词只能做表语。

afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep 等。

ill 和sick 区别ill 只能做表语不能做定语a sick man (正确) an ill man(错误) a lonely man (正确) an alone man (错误)4. 形容词副词同形：early,enough,far,fast,long,low,little,high,late,hard,lively 等。

hard（adj）难的，硬的；（adv）努力地hardly 几乎不（不是hard 的副词）5. too much 和much tootoo much （太多）+不可数名词much too（太、非常）+形容词或者副词6. sometime,some time,sometimes,some times 的区别sometime + 一个时间点（表示过去或将来的某个时刻）some time + 一段时间sometimes（=now and then）有时，常用一般现在时。

some times 几次7. close 与closelyclose 做副词为紧密的，靠近多用来指实际意义上的“接近”。

closely 指抽象意义上的“接近”意为“仔细地，严密地”。

Please watch the thief _____. CloselyIt was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ______ to her mother. Close8. so 和suchso+adj such+n9. just now 和just 都表示刚刚，刚才just now 常用一般过去I watched TV just now.just 常用过去完成I have just watched TV.10. already 用在完成时中，否定和疑问要改为yet。

2020年中考冲刺讲义（一）上课内容：1、掌握A-G开头重点词汇；2、掌握中考常考同义句转换及状语从句，中考真题；3、掌握中考阅读A 篇做题思路。

课后作业：1、能熟练默写中考核心词汇A-G；2、能熟练默写中考同义词组；3、完成课后作业。

一、A-G开头重点中考词汇练习一、A-G开头重点中考词汇练习1.It’s reported that last Tuesday, a young traffic policeman was knocked down by a_______（偶然）and sent to the nearby hospital.2. As students, we agree that we should t ake full a_________ of(充分利用) time to p________ ourselves （锻炼）and receive more educatio n __________（以便）we will have a bright future.3. S_________（有时侯）,the tired scientist wants to give up the plan for he has failed in the experiment s_____________（几次）, but he still spends s_____________ （一些时间）on it every day because he believes he will be successful s________________（某个时刻）.4. You can try b___________ some money from this rich woman, but I am afraid she won' t l_______ even one dollar to you.5. ____________（令我们吃惊的是）, though the result of the exam is surprising, the teacher was not surprised at it.6. The support from his whole family gave him c__________ to solve the difficult problem and finally he __________（不但）discovered a new disease _____________ （而且）i nvented new medicine against it.7. Since the clever boy realizes that he himself is _____________（喜欢）physics, he ____________（决定）to study this interesting subject well ___________________（在…的帮助下）his teacher.8. B__________ eating more vegetables and less meat, these fat men have to take several e_________ such as playing basketball, running ______________（为了）lose weight.9. ________________（你太好了）to help us repair this new computer for __________________ （对我们来说是困难的）to finish the work without it in time.10. All the members in this club are w__________ abou t the changes of climate so they perform an activity to ask more people to protect environment.11. Nowadays, more and more countries start to ___________________（关注）the pollution, they advise people to prefer paper bags to plastic ones when they go shopping.12. Although both noise and voice can be called sounds, all the people e__________ the beautiful voice from good singers and no one wants to hear noise.13. You'd better not ______________ （查询）each new word in the English-Chinese dictionary while you are reading the English newspaper or novel.14. In many western countries, thirteen _______________(被认为) an unlucky number, but no one knows why.15. The careless patient m__________a white button for a pill so the doctors operated on him immediately to take it out as soon as possible.16. If food supplies the energy to children, knowledge p__________ the chance for the children to improve themselves and realize their dreams.17. After the leaders d____________ with each other about the sports meeting, they agreed to c________it because it might snow heavily and some accidents might happen.18. A few little girls like the Chinese teacher because he looks l________a famous Japanese film star and also knows a little Japanese c___________.19. The manager p_________ going to a restaurant with his friends to inviting them to have a meal at home because he says it is too t ired for him to prepare food and cook at home.20. Every Saturday science museum is c__________ with a lot of middle school students, and some teachers are busy explaining the scientific secret behind a lot of interesting experiments.21. This pretty nurse told the lovely girl it was bad m_________ to throw the rubbish everywhere and she should put them into the dustbin.22. When the engineer found the machine stopped working, he stopped to c_________ what was the matter with it.23.The lady’s husband r________ his head(抬头) and told me that yesterday’s highest temperature had r_________ to 36 degrees, but tomorrow it would rise by 3 degrees.24. It was very l________ outside the classroom so our English teacher r_________ all the students to read the new text aloud.25. The beautiful journalist received the rich man’s expensive gift; however, she r___________to accept it because she didn’t like him.26—My deskmate has made so great p_________ in French recently that he can speak French fluently now. —So he has, and so have you. Congratulations on winning the first prize in the French contest.27.A duck is l______ below a tree, it has l___________four eggs but the boy l_________that it had l__________ 3 eggs.28.The old writer lived a________ in a small village, but he never felt l_________ because he had made friends with the books.29.Ten passengers are standing b_________ the door b _________you so there are eleven adults in all.30.The monitor e__________ that b________ students, their parents will also attend his birthday party but there are only five of his friends e________ his class teacher.31.Every Sunday, my mother b_________some clean clothes and fresh fruit to me and t_________my dirty dresses and T-shirts away.32.After he took the m__________, the sick soldier felt very weak and finally fell asleep, so you had better keep quiet and not go around.33. My watch is t he s________ as my friends’, but it cost me five hundred yuan and my friends spent only 200 yuan on it.34.On March the fifth, some of the pupils plant some trees in the neighborhood, and some help to clean the floor and the r________ take care of the old men and women.35. According to the report, if an office clerk can sleep for a short time at noon, he will feel more c_______ and perform much better in the afternoon.Keys:1accident; 2.advantage, practice 3.Sometimes, some times, some time, sometime4.borrowing, lend5.To our surprise6.confidence, not only, but also7.keen on/fond of/interested in, decided/made up his mind/made a decision, with the help of8.Besides, in order to/so as to 9.It’s kind/nice of you, it is difficult for us 10.worried11.pay attention to 12.enjoy 13.look up 14.is considered as/is thought of as/is seen as, 15.mistook16.provides17.discussed, cancel 18.like, culture 19.prefers 20.covered 21.manners 22.check 23.raised, risen24.loud, required, aloud 25.refused 26.progress 27.lying,laid, lied, laid 28.alone, lonely 29.beside, besides30.expects,besides,except 31.brings, takes 32.medicine 33.same 34.rest fortable二、中考常考同义句及状语从句Ⅰ.状语从句概念用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。

对于作文这个版块，140分+的分数段要求学生重点练习文章的流畅性，运用一些好的词组以及句式。

作文最好的练习就是在课堂上进行当堂写当堂评讲，所以在课堂上要留出充分的时间。

作文：My school life is __________学生开头：My school life is full of happiness修改：Speaking of my school life，I always think it is meaningful and interesting.（学生原来的词太过宽泛和概括性，需要避虚就实）学生结尾：How wonderful my school life is!语法专题知识梳理知识点1：冠词1)分清泛指特指2) a/ an元音字母，以辅音音素开头辅音字母，以元音音素开头字母U的特殊情况3)冠词在词组短语里的使用4)注意一些冠词固定搭配的区别in hospital(在住院)；in the hospital(在医院)at table(吃饭，用餐)；at the table(在桌旁)go to college(上大学)；go to the college(去那所大学)in front of(在某个范围之外的前面)；in the front of(在某个范围之外的前面)take place(发生)；take the place(代替)1.Frank is now on a diet because he wants to lose weight.A) a B) an C) the D) /2.Jane is going to ___________ movies with he r parents this weekend.A) a B) an C) the D) /3.Barak Obama，first African-American president of the USA，was always laughed at by others whenhe was a kid.A) a B) an C) the D) /4.Lisa is ________ exchange student from Britain，but she knows a lot about China.A) a B) an C) the D) /6. Mike ________ in his bedroom when his mother came back home.A) sings B) sang C) is singing D) was singing7. —I phoned you this morning，but you weren’t in. Where were you at that time? (虹口)— I ________ my foreign friends around Yu Garden.A) showed B) am showing C) was showing D) would show8. I felt very nervous on the plane because I ________ before. (虹口)A) hadn’t flown B) haven’t flown C) didn’t fly D) wouldn’t fly9. To his parents’ joy，Jack ________ a job as a manger in a bank yesterday. (虹口)A) is offered B) was offered C) offered D) would offer10. Just now we heard that Mr. Brown and his assistant ________ to Europe to take over the new job. (黄浦)以下列举了常见的首字母易错点。

中考专题：形容词副词一、专题知识梳理知识点1：基本概念形容词可用来修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。

Eg.: big, tall, short, clever…知识点2：用法详解1）形容词作定语，一般要放在名词前面。

Eg: a clever girl（一个聪明的女孩） a careful boy（一个细心的男孩）some beautiful flowers（一些美丽的花）【注意】当形容词修饰不定代词something，nothing，anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。

Eg.: something important，nothing serious, anything good2）形容词作表语，放在系动词后面。

Eg.: This apple tastes delicious.【注意】ill, sorry, alone, asleep, afraid, awake …只作表语不作定语。

3）形容词作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。

Eg.: The new teacher made us happy every class.4）用形容词表示类别和整体某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。

如：the dead，the living，the rich the poor，the blind，the hungry；The poor are losing hope.5）在系动词后构成系表结构：常见系动词有：be变化系动词：become, get ,turn, grow, go保持系动词：keep , stay感观系动词：look, smell , taste, feel, sound, seem , etc.例如：The weather gets warmer and the trees turn green in spring. 春天天气变暖和了，树变绿了。

The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。

英语中考语法选择题综合练习同步（沪）知识定位上海中考英语卷重视考查学生的基础语言知识和基本语言能力。

试题排列由易到难，考点分布科学合理，考察学生对各类实词（动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词）和各类虚词（连词、介词、冠词）的掌握情况，考察学生的音标、各类句型和情景问题的掌握情况。

知识梳理冠词：（1）a/an 的区分：注意以“U”开头的单词。

如果发字母u 本身的音/ju：/，前面加a：a useful book a university a usual chair 如果发以外的音，前面加an：an unusual chair, an unimportant meeting, an unforgettable experience（2)球类运动和三餐饭前不加the 如play football乐器前加the 如play the violin（3）a—一个，the—那个（4）高难度竞赛题a“u”an“h”an“s”an“x”用汉语拼音给字母注音，如有声母，就用a，如U—you；如没有声母，就用an，如H—ei qi，S—ai si，X—ai ke si连词（1）连词半边天现象：Although，though 与but 通常不连用because 与so 不连用if(如果)与then 不连用（2）就近一致连词neither...nor either...or not only...but alsonot...but...（3）连接句子与to do 形式because+句子（有完整主谓结构）because of+介词宾语（名词等）in order to do(in order not to do) in order that+句子so as to so as that+句子so...that+句子too...to do enough to do so good a book that+句子such a good book that+句子so good that+句子（4）重要联词的应用unless（=if not)除非or 否则（威胁，劝告）as if/as though(仿佛）even if/even though(即使）not...until(直到...才)介词（1）介词+doing介词+代词宾格形式Neither of us is late. The book is for you. The knife is used for cutting things. Tom is sitting between him and me.（禁用“I”）关联记忆：介意Mind+doing Would you mind my smoking here？（2）on in at 的用法：表时间：on(天优先，只要涉及天的概念就用on）；in(时段）；at（时刻）on the morning of April 1st. on a rainy night 在一个雨天的夜晚at the same time（3）表伴随：with/without，或doing She is a girl with long hair. She is a girl wearing a new dress.（4）表方式：by bike，on foot没有冠词“a”或名词复数What time is it by your watch? The boss pays us by week. He beat her with a book.（with 后要带a 或复数）speak in EnglishWrite in ink（5）介词（不加the）+名词at table 在桌旁，且在吃饭（两层意思）at the table 在桌旁，具体干什么不清楚at school in the school名词（1）单复数特殊变化：男、女、脚foot-feet、牙、鹅goose-geese、孩子people（可数名词）,sheep, deer （鹿）单复数同形中、日不变；英、法a-e；美、德（加S）Americans，Germans（2）名词的复数重心转移：This is an old pair of shoes. I want a new pair.（3）带性别的复合词组：women（变）doctors（变）bus lines（只变最后一词）动词动词变化三大黄金法则：主谓一致，就近一致，双动词关系主谓一致：谓语动词跟着主语发生变化第三人称单数现象（集体名词做主语）Our class are playing football now(与人有关的动作）Our class is a small one(整体)主谓一致之就近一致（必考）：There be 句型Either or Neither...nor... not only...but also.. Not only they but also I am wrong.例题精讲【试题来源】【题目】-What can I do for you？-I'd like two _______.【选项】A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple【答案】B【解析】选择其他 3 项的同学要注意仔细看题。

1英语五选四专题（沪）知识定位上海中考五选四的题目是2014 年新加入的考题。

主要考查学生对知识应用的熟练程度，对语言的迁移能力和对语言信息的综合处理能力，考查了学生的综合素质。

文章的题材比较广泛，有故事,文化习俗,科普小品,体育等。

一般考查的范围包括介词,动词,形容词,连词,代词,名词,数词,习惯表达等，既注重语法知识习惯英语的考查，又加强对篇章结构的理解。

知识梳理做题点拨要想做好这种题型，需要注意以下几点：1.通读全文，把握大意。

要填写的单词肯定是在一定的语言环境里才能确定。

只有了解了短文的大意，把握了全局才能主导方向，从而有助于正确理解空缺词所在的句子，缩小词的选择范围。

2.根据语法，判断词性。

一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句子结构和句法成分来判断其词性。

进一步缩小词语的选择范围，从而正确的选词。

3.利用语境，确定词形。

当确定了一个单词的词性后可通过上下文来判断其正确的形式。

如动词的人称和数,时态,不定式,动词的分词形式,名词的所有格和数代词的各种形式和单复数形容词和副词的比较等级以及基数词序数词的转换形式等。

例题精讲【试题来源】2015 上海真题【题目】Rainforests also help to 50 the weather. When trees are cut down, it gets hotter.Besides, one quarter of our 51 come from plants. Many of these plants can be found onlyin rainforests. There is a lot that we have not learnt about rainforests. If we 52 them, wewill never find out.In my opinion, our future 53 saving the rainforests. We must tell more people howimportant rainforests are so that they will stop doing harm to them. We must protect therainforests now. We have to act now to save our only home.【选项】A. destroy B. medicines C. depends on D. machines E. control【答案】50.E 51.B 52.A 53.C【解析】50. 分析：该空格句子的意思是“热带雨林也有助于……天气”，此处需要一个动词，与此相匹配的是control(控制)，所以本题的答案为control，选E。

1英语五选四选词填空（沪）知识定位上海中考五选四的题目是2014 年新加入的考题。

主要考查学生对知识应用的熟练程度，对语言的迁移能力和对语言信息的综合处理能力，考查了学生的综合素质。

文章的题材比较广泛，有故事,文化习俗,科普小品,体育等。

一般考查的范围包括介词,动词,形容词,连词,代词,名词,数词,习惯表达等，既注重语法知识习惯英语的考查，又加强对篇章结构的理解。

知识梳理1、选词填空的特点1) 文章不会太长；一般来说第一句是文章主题句并且不设空；一般每隔15－30 个词会有一个空；空与空之间有完整意群。

文章中会挖出四个空，但是给出了五个单词，让学生选择填空使文章完整，这就是新题型轮廓。

2) 方框中词汇难度不高，文章难度要略低于阅读理解难度。

实际上是将词汇的使用和完形阅读紧密结合的一道题目。

2、选词填空的考点1) 词汇方面以实词为主也就是指名词、动词、形容词、副词。

2) 语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力。

3) 逻辑方面考察上下文联系3、解题点拨：1) 最关键的是要改变孤立的记忆单词的不良学法，做到词不离句，句不离篇，做到词汇的情景使用。

2) 不要孤立的看文章，一定注意句子的上下文衔接和本句的语法结构，因为选一个就少一个，一发而动全身。

3) 要专门记忆些高难词汇，也就是拼写很长词汇4) 要想到这些词汇是不是有些固定用法。

4、解题步骤第一步：详读选项，词分类选项中的 5 个词是考查的关键，考生应该详细的理解这 5 个单词。

熟悉的单词标明词性和词义，不熟悉的单词或者不认识的单词只需标明词性，然后根据名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类按规律排列在试卷上。

这样做考生就可以不再是 5 选 1 了，只要根据上下文的逻辑关系或者语法结构，有时候可以是 3 选 1 甚至 2 选1，缩小了选择的范围，降低了试题的难度。

注意：1. 动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。

非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。