基于adams的汽车操纵稳定性仿真分析

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摘要

随着汽车技术的发展，用户对汽车性能的要求越来越高，汽车行业的竞争

逐渐加剧。在产品开发中采用虚拟样机分析的开发策略，已成为各大汽车公司

缩短产品开发周期、减少产品开发费用、提高产品开发质量，从而提高竞争能

力的主要做法。以多体动力学为理论基础的ADAMS软件是由美国MDI公司开

发的一种机械系统动力学分析软件。目前己成为世界各主要汽车公司及其零部

件供应商的主要动力学仿真软件。

利用ADAMS／Car软件，建立了包括前后悬架、转向、车身、动力总成、轮胎、路面等系统在内的整车多体动力学模型。应用该模型进行了稳态回转、转向回正性、转向盘角阶跃输入、转向盘角脉冲输入、蛇行等仿真分析，同时还以操纵稳定性中的角阶跃试验为例，分别分析了汽车的质心高度、前后位置、前后悬架弹簧刚度和整车载荷等参数对操纵稳定性的影响。

仿真结果表明，该车具有良好的操纵稳定性，从分析来看质心略微前移汽车的操纵稳定性得到改善；而适当的降低质心高度、增加前后悬架弹簧刚度、和减少载荷，有利于整车的操纵稳定性。

关键词：ADAMS；仿真 ；操纵稳定性

基于ADAMS/Car的Santana2000轿车操纵稳定性仿真分析

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Simulation Analysis of Vehicle Handling Stability of Santana

2000 Based on ADAMS/Car

ABSTRACT

With the development of the vehicle technology，and concerning about the car

performance，the competition of the car industry becomes more and more intense． In

the exploitation of the production，one of the main methods is to use the virtual

prototyping technology to exploit the production of car，which may deeply shorter the

competition ability，lessen the expenses，improve the quantity，and enhance the

competition ability．Based on the multi-body dynamics theory exploited by

Mechanical Dynamics，Inc，the ADAMS is a type of software of dynamic analysis

of mechanical system．At present，many main car corporation and their accessory

suppliers use the ADAMS an their main software of dynamic analysis of mechanical

system．

The article builds a whole vehicle model that contains suspension，stabilize bar,

steering，body，powertrain，tires and road etc by using ADAMS／Car．Appling the

full vehicle model，have performed Steady static circular test simulation，returnability

test simulation，Steering wheel angle step input simulation，Steerwheel angle pulse

input simulation，Pylon course slalom test simulation，and through triangular bump

pulse input simulation test ,several main factors are discussed in order to study the

rule of vehicle parameters affecting on handing stability, including mass gravity

center height, the location of center of mass, leaf spring stiffness and the load.

The simulation results show that handing stability of the vehicle is good. From

the analysis of the test, the centroid slightly forward is beneficial to handing stability.

And suitably reducing the height of mass center, increasing front and rear leaf spring

stiffness and load reduction can be improved handling stability performance.

Key Words: ADMAS；Simulation；Handling Stability

基于ADAMS/Car的Santana2000轿车操纵稳定性仿真分析

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目 录

摘要................................................................................................................................ I

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. II

引言................................................................................................................................ 1

1 绪言.......................................................................................................................... 2

1.1 课题的研究背景............................................................................................ 2

1.2 课题研究的历史及发展现状........................................................................ 3

1.2.1 车辆操纵稳定性研究历史及现状...................................................... 3

1.2.2 车辆动力学仿真技术发展及现状...................................................... 4

1.3 小结................................................................................................................ 6

2 基于ADAMS/Car 的车辆建模 ............................................................................. 7

2.1 ADAMS/Car 建模基本原理 ........................................................................ 7

2.2 车辆仿真模型的相关参数............................................................................ 8

2.3 前悬架模型的建立........................................................................................ 8

2.4 后悬架建立.................................................................................................. 10

2.5 转向系模型的建立...................................................................................... 12

2.6 轮胎模型的建立.......................................................................................... 13

2.7 车身模型...................................................................................................... 15

2.8 动力模型的建立.......................................................................................... 15

2.9 整车模型装配.............................................................................................. 16

2.10 小结............................................................................................................ 16

3 汽车操纵稳定性仿真试验及影响因素分析........................................................ 17