2108高考英语语法填空之一名词

高考英语语法精练及解析（名词之一）1. “Why couldn’t they meet us at five o’clock?” “Because they were delayed by _______.”A. heavy trafficB. heavy trafficsC. crowded trafficD. crowded traffics2. In fact, _______ one cause that leads to the problem.A. cattle isB. cattle areC. cattles areD. the cattles are3. By all ______, you must try every ______ to help him.A. mean, meanB. means, meansC. means, meanD. mean, means4. Jim is ______ person, and everyone is willing to be ______ with him.A. so kind a, friendsB. so a kind, friendsC. so kind a, friendD. so a kind, friend5. We already have ______ pencils, but we need two ______ pens.A. dozen of, dozenB. dozens of, dozensC. dozens of, dozenD. dozens of, dozen of6. ---May I take your order now?---We’d like three black _____ and two green ______.A. coffee, cups of teasB. coffees, teasC. cups of coffee, teaD. cup of coffees, teas7. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.A. rooms numberB. room numberC. room’s numbersD. room numbers8. ---Hello, I’d like to speak to Henry.---Oh, which _______? There are two ______ in our office.A. Henrys, HenrysB. Henries, HenriesC. Henry, HenrysD. Henrys, Henries9. Would it be possible to make an ______ in advance have my hair cut tomorrow?A. appointmentB. arrangementC. scheduleD. engagement10. The traditional _________ to dealing with complex problems is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems.A. approachB. meansC. methodD. way11. She fulfilled her ____ to become the first to run the 10,000 meters within 30 minutes.A. ambitionB. amusementC. appreciationD. assessment12. Don't be discouraged! After all, you can't succeed in everything at your first _______.A. adjustmentB. intervalC. effortD. attempt13. In order to change some companies' _______ towards hiring women college graduates, the government plansto pass a law.A. viewsB. rulesC. attitudesD. methods14. The journalist received honors and _______ for her excellent work.A. wordsB. newsC. giftsD. awards15. Not only the professional players, but also the _________ ones will benefit from the new training facilities.A. amateurB. talentedC. expertD. academic16. Poor health and lack of money may both be ________ to educational progress.A. bombsB. bordersC. bottomsD. barriers17. We'd like to trade with any country on a friendly and equal _________.A. basisB. basementC. baseD. basic18. ---John said he earned a big sum of money during the summer vacation.---Really? Don't you think his words are beyond _________?A. surpriseB. beliefC. imaginationD. understanding19. Since Mr. Jackson was made president of the research center, they have made a great ________ in the study ofthe disease.A. progressB. effortC. breakthroughD. contributionThe firefighter took a deep _______ before running into the fire, but with the house filled with smoke, he soon found it hard to _______.A. breathing; breathB. breathe; breathC. breathing; breatheD. breath; breathe21. Unwilling to _______ his children, the old couple moved to the nursing home.A. be burdened withB. be burdened byC. be a burden withD. be a burden on22. The criminal23. We can see clearly that violence on TV will have bad _______ on youngsters' behavior.A. causeB. influenceC. resultD. factor24. Don’t __________ chances by driving too fast.A. makeB. takeC. haveD. give25. The good ________ of this young man was seen at its best when be risked his life to save the boy from water.A. characterB. talentC. wealthD. influence26. What a(n) ________ I was thinking about Roy when his letter arrived!A. coincidenceB. accidentC. incidentD. chance27. A car had a head-on ________ with a truck on the highway yesterday, killing 2 and inuring 3.A. contestB. collisionC. conflictD. contrary29. Now medical authorities express their ________ about the effect of smoking on the health.A. considerationB. attentionC. beliefD. concern30. ---What conclusion will you _________?---I think most of the goods are of high quality.A. seeB. makeC. drawD. find31. Living _______ should be improved as they are out of ________.A. condition; conditionB. conditions; conditionsC. conditions; conditionD. condition; conditions32. There is always _________ between doing what you want to and doing what you ought to.A. contrastB. conflictC. conclusionD. confusion33. If you insist on carrying out this experiment you will have to answer for the ________.A. conclusionsB. coincidencesC. complimentsD. consequences34. You must take everything into _________ before you do a difficult task.A. considerB. consideringC. considerationD. considered35. The project under _______ in the city will be completed at the end of this month.A. controlB. constructionC. discussionD. repair36. David loves Julie but he can't get up enough ________ to ask her to marry him.A. courageB. virtueC. emotionD. strategy37. ---How much must I pay for the ________?---They ordered you to pay 500 ________ to the restaurant.A. damage; damageB. damages; damagesC. damage; damagesD. damages; damage38. The new application program can keep you with timely information from the Internet.A. in fashionB. out of fashionC. up to dateD. out of date39. I know teachers are _______ in Western China and I ______ going to the west to teach after graduation.A. in use; feel likeB. in need; hope forC. in demand; dream ofD. in short; am fond of40. ---Where would you like to have your dinner, in a French restaurant or in a Chinese one?---It makes _______ to me as long as we can chat while having dinner.A. no differenceB. no senseC. much differenceD. much sense41. Make sure you read the _____ before using any piece of electric equipment.A. conditionsB. directionsC. situationsD. applications42. Do you know the man _________ wearing a blue jacket?A. in the distanceB. at a distanceC. out of sightD. in the sight43. There was no ______ in her mind that Rick was innocent of Coughlin's murder.A. wonderB. needC. pointD. doubt44. The conference was held to discuss the effect that tourism has _____ the wildlife in the area.A. inB. onC. atD. with45. An ambulance must have priority as it usually has to deal with some kind of ________.A. dangerB. emergencyC. riskD. edge高考英语语法精练及解析（名词之一）解析1.【解析】答案为A。

名词一、名词的分类：名词分为专有名词和普通名词。

1、专有名词：主要指人名，地方,机构或者某类人或者事物的名称。

如：China, Li lei，Beijing; Americans; English; May; New Year’s Day注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写2、普通名词：是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness1）. Individual Nouns: 指作为个体而存在的人或东西可以指具体的人或物。

Eg: aunts; a panda; apartments也可指抽象东西。

Eg: a year; fairy tales; a dream2.）Collective Nouns: 表示若干个个体组成的集合体Eg: army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。

常见的不可数名词：advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic ，housework, equipment , absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labor, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work（工作）最常见的不可数名词A. Abstract 抽象名词advice 建议age 年老beauty 美丽capitalism 资本主义communism 共产主义democracy 民主energy 能源fun 乐趣happiness 幸福help 帮助honesty 诚实information 信息justice 正义kindness 善knowledge 知识laughter 笑声liberty 自由life 生命、生物、活力play 玩recreation 娱乐strength 实力trouble 麻烦truth 真理virtue 美德wisdom 智慧work 工作youth 青年B. Matter, material 物质名词air 空气beer 啤酒blood 血液bread 面包butter 黄油cake 蛋糕chalk 粉笔cheese 奶酪coal 煤coffee 咖啡electricity 电力fog 雾fish 鱼gold 黄金grass 草hair 头发ice 冰ink 油墨iron 铁juice果汁lumber 木材meat 肉milk 牛奶oil 油oxygen 氧气paper 纸rain 雨rice 水稻smoke 烟雾snow 雪soap 肥皂soup 汤sugar 糖tea 茶water 水wine 葡萄酒wood 木C. Generic terms 属类business 商业change 零钱equipment 设备fruit 水果furniture 家具jewelry 珠宝luggage 行李machinery 机械mail 邮件money 金钱news 新闻propaganda 宣传scenery 风景slang 俚语stationery 文具traffic 交通vegetation 植被weather 天气D. Subject matter 学科architecture 建筑art 艺术chemistry 化学civics 市政学economics 经济学engineering 工程English 英语geology 地质学grammar 语法history 历史literature 文学mathematics 数学music 音乐philosophy 哲学physics 物理学science 科学technology 技术vocabulary 词汇E. Sports and recreation 运动和休闲baseball 棒球basketball 篮球bridge 桥牌camping 露营dancing 跳舞drinking 饮酒football 足球golf 高尔夫hiking 远足hockey 曲棍球homework 家庭作业hunting 狩猎opera 歌剧sailing 帆船singing 歌唱softball 垒球swimming 游泳television 电视traveling 旅行volleyball 排球F. Countable and non-countable nouns 一词多意要具体对待age 年老/年龄baseball (and other balls) 棒球（运动）/（一个）棒球（和其他球）beer (and other drinks) 啤酒（物质）/（一杯）啤酒（和其他饮料）business 商业/公司change 找零/变改company 陪伴/公司dope 毒品/傻瓜glass 玻璃/玻璃杯、眼镜iron 铁/熨斗paper 纸/文件play 玩耍/戏剧room 空间/房间smoke 烟雾/香烟tape 胶带（材料）/胶带物体）tea 茶叶/下午茶work 工作/著作youth 青春/青年人3）. Material Nouns: 指无法分为个体的物质。

高考英语一轮复习语法专项讲解--名词高考英语语法专项讲解--名词考点清单一名词的数一、可数名词复数的规则变化1.一般情况下,词尾直接加-s，如:students, teachers,trees。

2.以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的，加-es,如: boxes , watches, glasses.注意:stomach的复数为stomachs。

3.①以"辅音字母+y"结尾的，变y为i加-es.如stroies.countries.①以“元音字母+y"结尾的,加-s。

如:boys,toys.4.①以-f或-fe结尾的，大都变f或fe为v加-es。

如: selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves,shelves, wolves, halves。

巧记:为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半。

①少数加-s。

如: beliefs, proofs, chiefs,roofs.5.①以-o结尾的，一般加-s。

如:radios, videos ,zoos,tobaccos.①以下名词加-es(一般有生命的物体加-es) : Negroes, heroes，potatoes, tomatoes.巧记:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。

6.合成词变复数，一般将主体名词变复数，无主体名词时，最后一部分变复数。

如: sons-in-law,passers-by, storyteller,grown-ups,lookers-on。

[练全题点1]单句语法填空1. In this article,you need to back up general_______(state)with specific examples.2.A year ago, when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college ________(apply) ,I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like.3. He had_______(dish) in this restaurant.4. We have four_________(class) every morning and there're two________(box) on the platform.5. There're two_______(loaf) of bread and two________(knife) on the table.6.I took several_________(photo) of the beautiful scenery with these_________(boy).7. There are three_________(path) leading to my village. And there are many _______( bamboo)around it.8. The ant has two_________(stomach).9. A great many________(roof) were damaged by the storm.10. These___________(chief) have different________(proof).语法轻巧记忆巧记:-f结尾的名词直接加-s变复数有些以-f结尾的名词在由单数变为复数时，是直接在词尾加上-s。

第二讲：名词一、名词的命题规律名词是英语高考必考点之一。

高考中主要考查点有：动词、形容词等转换成名词的构词法、名词作定语、名词所有格、名词的单复数、名词的词义辨析等。

语法填空题对名词的考查，常常以给提示词的形式出现，考查下列几方面的内容：动词形容词等转换成名词、名词单数变复数以及名词所有格等。

完形填空中主要考查的是短语中或名词的词义辨析。

阅读理解中主要考查名词的词义和名词的句法功能在语篇中的翻译。

书面表达中名词的运用与考查则更加灵活，以名词的句法功能为主。

二、名词的考点1. 名词的数1) 名词的单复数规则变化2) 名词的单复数不规则变化易错点：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。

如：two Englishmen。

但German和human不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans和humans。

3) 复合名词变复数✧复合名词变复数时，通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数。

bedroom→bedrooms卧室looker-on→lookers-on旁观者passer-by→passers-by过路人editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief总编daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law儿媳妇✧如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数。

go-between→go-betweens中间人look-out→look-outs守望者grown-up→grown-ups成年人✧易错点：man/woman+名词变复数时，作定语的man/woman和后面的名词都要变成复数形式，如a man doctor→two men doctors4) 集体名词，以单数形式出现，表达复数含义✧如：people; police; cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，apolice，a cattle，但可以说a person, a policeman, a head of cattle.✧the English, the British, the French, the Chinese, the Japanese, theSwiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。

高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题一名词高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题一名词语法专题一：名词名词是英语中非常重要的一类词，也是高考必考内容之一。

《2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对名词考查列了四项：①可数名词及其单复数②不可数名词③专有名词④名词所有格。

纵观历年高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：可数名词的单复数形式、名词的所有格的构成及应用、不可数名词的辨认、名词的功能、名词辨义、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。

2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题（语法填空）考查的是可数名词单复数，括号里给出painting，结合题意要将其变成paintings；第77题（短文改错）考查的是不可数名词air，原文给出的是airs，要求考生将其改成air。

而在完形填空中，有7题（总共20小题）是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。

2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查的是词性转换，括号里给出的是动词attract，根据题意要将其改成名词attraction；第69题（语法填空）考查的是可数名词单复数，括号里给出day，结合题意要将其变成复数形式days；第74题考查的是词性转换，题目中给的是形容词honest，根据题意需要将其改为名词honesty。

而在完形填空中，有4题（总共20小题）是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。

2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题（语法填空）考查的是可数名词单复数，括号里给出effect，结合题意要将其变成effects，构成side effects（副作用）；第75题（短文改错）考查的是可数名词单复数，原句中给出的是word，结合题意要将其变成words。

而在完形填空中，有5题（总共20小题）是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。

I. 名词的种类：II. 名词的数：1. 规则可数名词的复数形式：一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。

现将构成方法列表如下：2. 不规则可数名词复数：III. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。

高考语法填空抢分热点之名词养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

一、考点精讲名词的考点包括名词的单复数、不可数名词和名词所有格，尤其是名词复数更为常见。

1. 掌握名词复数的变化规则，尤其一些不规则的变化。

例如：human（人）—humans；German （德国人）—Germans；Roman（罗马人）—Romans；ox（公牛）—oxen；passer-by（过路人）—passers-by；grown-up（成年人）—grown-ups；stomach（胃）—stomachs；roof（屋顶）—roofs。

2. 不可数名词无复数形式，作主语谓语动词用单数第三人称。

例如：The food is terrible.（食物很糟糕。

）3. 单数名词后面加’变成名词所有格，以s结尾的名词变所有格时只加’。

例如：It’s two hours’ walk.（它是两小时的路程。

）二、高考题经典解读1.（2023年新高考II卷）Since June 2017, right before the ___56___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ____57___ (confidence) speaking English.【答案】56. arrival；57. confident【解析】56.考查名词。

句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。

高考英语语法易考知识点最全概括第一讲座：名词---基础篇一、名词的复数：1. 名词变复数的规则形式：1). 一般情况下直接加s： book------books cup-----cups2). 以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es：city-------cities family-----families3). 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es：bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------watches4). 以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es：tomato-----tomatoes potato------potatoes hero-----heroesNegroes5). 以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es：leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----livesthief---thieves2. 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的：man----men woman---women child----children foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice3. 单数和复数形式相同：deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese4. 某国人的复数：1). 中、日不变：Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese2). 英、法变： Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen3).其余s加后面：American-----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians二、不可数名词：1. 不可数名词：1). 不能直接用数字表数量； 2). 不能直接加a或an； 3). 没有复数形式；4). 可用some、any、lots of、plenty of、much 修饰； 5). 可用“量词短语”表示；2. 不可数名词的数量的表示方法： a / 数字+ 量词 + of + 不可数名词：a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk三、名词的所有格：1. ’s 所有格：1). 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“’s.”：This is ____________________(Mary and Lily) bedroom.2). 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“’s.”：These are ________________(Tom and Jack ) school bags.3). 以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“’”, 不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“’s”：Teachers’ Day Children’s Day4). 表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加’s 代表全称：at the doctor’s at the Bob’s5). 由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面：This is _________________(somebody else ) pencil.6). 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加’s 来构成所有格：an hour’s ride two weeks’ time China’s capital2. of 所有格：1). of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格：the map of China the door of the room2). 双重所有格：of + 名词所有格 of + 名词性的物住代词He is a friend of my _________(brother ).Is she a daughter of __________(you)?四、名词作句子成分：1. 名词作主语：1). 表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数：Two hours ________(be) enough for us to get there.2). 量词短语“数字+量词+ of +…”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致：A pair of shoes _______(be) under the bed.Two pieces of paper _______(be) on the desk.3). 名词+介词（with、but、except、along with、as well as …….）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致：The teacher with the students _________(be) planting trees on the hill.4). 短语“neither…nor…、either…or…、not only…but also …”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则：Neither he nor I ______ (be) a Frenchman.2. 名词作定语：1). 名词作定语时，一般用单数形式：There is a shoe factory near the school.2). 名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式：(sport )The sports meeting will be held next week.3). man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变：one man teacher two women teachers第二讲座：名词---提高篇一、名词的单复数：1. 可数名词的复数不规则变化：(1) 单复数同形：deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species, works, headquarters(2) 形单意复：people, police, youth, cattle, staff(3) 形复意单：news, physics, politics, maths(4)合成词变复数：passer-by→passers-by, son-in-law→sons-in-law, looker-on→lookers-on, go-between→go-betweens, grown-up→grown-ups(5) 词形变化：man→men, child→children，tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice，medium→media2. 不可数名词的数：(1) 有些抽象名词在具体化时，以复数形式出现；表示特指时，可以和定冠词连用；表示“某种”或“一次”的意义时，可以和不定冠词连用：in surprise“惊讶地”，a surprise“一件令人惊讶的事”；win success“获得成功”，a success“一个/件成功的人/事”；by experience“靠经验”，an experience“一次经历”；with pleasure“乐意”，a pleasure“一件乐事”。