下载文档原格式
Unit 1Settling down at college around the world适应校园生活——来自世界各地的访谈Tanya Zarutskaya Moscow, Russia塔尼娅•扎茹茨卡娅莫斯科，俄罗斯This time last year I was nervous about my new life.去年的这个时候，我对新生活感到很紧张。
I didn't have any friends, and it was my first time away from home. 我没有朋友，也是第一次离开家。
At first I worked all the time, going to lectures and studying late into the night.一开始，我一天到晚都在忙功课：上课，并且学习到深夜。
But then I realized I was missing out on so many other things at university. 可后来我意识到我错过了大学里许多其他活动。
One day a girl in my hall of residence invited everyone in the dorm to a dinner party.一天，跟我住同一幢宿舍楼的一个女孩儿邀请全楼的人去参加一个晚宴。
I've no idea where she managed to buy the food, or how she had enough money. 我不知道她在哪儿买的那些吃的，也不清楚她怎么会有足够的钱。
And she dressed like a model.而且她穿得像个模特儿。
I don't know why she was bothering with university!我真不知道她干嘛还要费那劲儿上大学！I've got to know lots of interesting people and I now enjoy myself as well as study hard.现在我结识了许多有趣的人，既努力学习，也快乐地生活。
Unit 2With the amazingly rapid development in transportation and information communication, people from different cultures interact more often than ever before, but misunderstandings even conflicts caused in the process of this interaction also grow increasingly. Just for this reason, much concern is focused upon the problem of how to help people interact and communicate successfully in a transcultural way. As a matter of fact, culture is not strange to us all. We hear, read and talk of it, such as Chinese culture, English culture, tea culture, campus culture and so on. But when it comes to the meaning of culture, it is notoriously difficult to define what culture really is or should be.随着交通运输和信息交流的飞速发展，不同文化背景下的人们交往越来越频繁，但在交往过程中产生的误会甚至冲突也日益增多。
正因为如此，人们关注的焦点是如何帮助人们以跨文化的方式成功地进行互动和交流。
事实上，文化对我们大家来说并不陌生。
我们听、读、谈它，如中国文化、英国文化、茶文化、校园文化等。
Unit 2With the amazingly rapid development in transportation and information communication, people from different cultures interact more often than ever before, but misunderstandings even conflicts caused in the process of this interaction also grow increasingly. Just for this reason, much concern is focused upon the problem of how to help people interact and communicate successfully in a transcultural way. As a matter of fact, culture is not strange to us all. We hear, read and talk of it, such as Chinese culture, English culture, tea culture, campus culture and so on. But when it comes to the meaning of culture, it is notoriously difficult to define what culture really is or should be.随着交通运输和信息交流的飞速发展，不同文化背景下的人们交往越来越频繁，但在交往过程中产生的误会甚至冲突也日益增多。
正因为如此，人们关注的焦点是如何帮助人们以跨文化的方式成功地进行互动和交流。
事实上，文化对我们大家来说并不陌生。
我们听、读、谈它，如中国文化、英国文化、茶文化、校园文化等。
Reading & ReflectionOveremphasis on IndependenceEun Y. Kim1 During a vacation to Hawaii, my husband and I noticed an elderly man struggling to push a cartful of groceries. It was hot and humid, and he looked very tired and feeble.I was reminded of my father back in Korea.We cautiously approached the man and politely asked whether he needed any help. He responded rather angrily, “Do I look so weak that I can’t care for myself?” An American friend of mine had a similar experience. He went to a two-day business conference, and at the airport he ran into a woman who had attended the same conference. She was petite and was carrying heavy luggage, so he asked whether he could help her. She quite defensively and decisively stated, “I can do it myself.” Te guiding principle of many Americans is “I’ll do my thing, and you do yours.”2 Although I admire Americans’self-reliance and self-help attitude,their overemphasis on independence causes unnecessary fuss over basic issues, from how to raise a child to how to retire. As soon as my son was four months old, people suggested that he sleep in his own bedroom. They also suggested that I leave him alone at night and ignore him if he cried.In many families in Asia, young couples can afford only a one-bedroom residence. They don’t have the luxury of giving a baby their own room, and even if they do, most don’t want to leave their babies alone. It would be interesting to study whether babies learn to be independent because they are left alone in their own bedrooms and not given attention when they cry.3 From an Asian point of view, Americans’ individualism is an attempt to deny a natural social structure that exists among humankind. Some people who are obviously in need of help do not ask for it out of fear of being labeled as too dependent. A former professor who was suffering from cancer confessed that his biggest challenge was asking for help. He had been independent all his life. His children had an image of him as an independent man, and he didn’t want that to change. I can fully empathize with the man, because I used to be like him. But I came to learn that interdependence could enrich my life in serendipitous ways.4 My willingness to depend on others helped me make great friends.I could not afford a car in my early years of graduate school. Being independent, I tried to take city buses and school shuttles to go to church,to shop for groceries, or to attend meetings. Gradually when friends offered me a ride home, I began to take them up on their offers. Occasionally,I invited them over for homemade Korean meals, which they gladly accepted, giving us more opportunities to develop a friendship. In this way,we slowly became close friends.5 Willingness to accept others’ help can also benefit those who offer the help. Mary White, a sociologist at Boston University, states that allowing ourselves to be nurtured confers value on the caretaker by giving that person an opportunity to display the valued skill of nurturing. Besides,people who give help become more interested in the people they help.Even within a family, interdependence brings family members closer together, whereas independence can create a sense of self-righteousness and distance. Also, independent people tend to be less sympathetic toward those who need help. InAfrica, there is a saying that men become men through other men.6 In international business, letting go of pride and asking for help can improve negotiations. One of the mistakes Americans make in negotiating with Asians is that they often present themselves as proud and strong who can do anything. They act as if they can survive and conquer alone. But if they were willing to let go of some of their independence, they could develop allies instead of enemies. An American lawyer who lived and worked in Japan said that when he shared his worry about specific contract terms and conditions with the Japanese, many of them were more than willing to help him. Another American businessman talked about reaching a deadlock in a negotiation session with some Korean partners. When the two sides took a break, he said to one of his Korean partners, “You hold my destiny in your hand.” And he meant it. After the break, the Korean negotiators were much more gentle and agreeable, and he learnt that sharing his feelings was his best negotiation strategy.7 Admitting that we need help does not mean admitting weakness.Rather it displays the strength to acknowledge that we need the resources around us. As an Asian saying goes, “If you share your happiness, it will be doubled. If you share your unhappiness, it will be halved.”参考译文过分强调独立金恩英在夏威夷度假期间，我和我丈夫注意到一位年长的男士正费力地推着满满的一车货物。
四、翻译unit1ExercisesPartC Euphemism Understandingndscape engineer 园林工人2.tonsorial artist 理发师3.sanitation engineer 清道夫4.shoe rebuilder补鞋匠unit2 PartC1.soft in the head发疯的2.reckless disregard for truth撒谎3.to take things without permission偷窃4.industial climate劳资关系紧张unit4A new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火。
Many hands make light work.人多好办事。
Don't off until tomorrow what you can do today.今日事，今日毕。
Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕。
Haste makes waste.欲速则不达。
Where there's smoke there's fire.无风不起浪。
The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.这山望着那山高。
Beauty is only skin deep.美貌是肤浅的。
Spare the rod and spoil the child.玉不琢不成器。
Give a person a dose of his own medicine.以其人之道还治其人之身。
中译英Frank's advice is like good herbal medicine:hard to take,but ultimately beneficial.良药苦口利于病。
Neither adjust your shoe in a melon patch;nor your hat under a plum tree.瓜田不纳履，李下不整冠。
跨文化部分要点翻译注：不是所有划出部分都翻译了。
配套的有Chapter 2的翻译。
P28The Value of Cultural Stereotypes文化角色定型的价值Culture dictates how people generally think and interact with each other in society.文化造成人们的普遍怎么认为和在社会中的互动。
A stereotype is really a composite of the cultural mores of a society and in many cases can be narrowed to a specific region.角色定型实在是一个综合的社会文化习俗，而且，在许多情况下它可以被缩小到一特定区域。
To stereotype is to formulate a standardized image of a group that assigns that group a number of characteristics that helps to simplify what would otherwise be a very complex task of identification.角色定型，是制定一个组的标准化形象，分配给该组一些特点，有助于简化原本非常复杂的鉴定任务。
By looking at the cultural components and traits, an accurate model—a stereotype, if you will—of how an individual from a certain culture is likely to act can be constructed.通过观察文化内容和特点，一个准确的模型——一个角色定型，如果你可以——可以从一个特定文化的个体可能如何行动这方面来构造。
fully by letter, telephone, fax or e-mail in such cultures. It is not necessary to meet face-to-face with a colleague to get things done.完全在这种文化的信函，电话，传真或电子邮件。
满足面对面与同事把事情做好是没有必要的。
High-context cultures are the exact opposite. Communication tends to be imprecise and as much attention is paid to the person delivering the message as to the message itself. In high-context cultures---most of Latin America, Asia, the Middle East and Africa---personal encounters are essential before business can begin.高语境文化是完全相反的。
沟通往往是不精确的，对提供消息的人比对消息本身关注的更多。
高语境文化中---大多数拉丁美洲，亚洲，中东和非洲---个人遭遇实在业务开始之前必不可少的。
These people need as much ancillary information as possible. They pay more attention to physical surroundings, how a business colleague is dressed or coiffured---the general ambiance of the negotiations---than individuals from low-context countries. Body language, facial gestures and voice inflection are important methods of communication. The physical surroundings for a meeting or a business meal are just as important as the substance of the discussion.这些人需要尽可能多的辅助信息。
Reading & DigestingTo Go or Not to GoRobin Pascoe1 Oftentimes parents expect their children to reach the highest level of achievement. Of course, children always want to please parents and do the best they can. After this story, Rodney and I learned that we should not place the bar high for our children. Here is why.2 At age fifteen, our son, Jay, was so short that his friends towered over him like the giant fir trees of British Columbia. To distract him from worrying about whether he would ever grow, I decided Jay needed to go off during the summer holiday to Mexico by himself — apparently to study Spanish, but really to live with a Mexican family for a few weeks and make a journey on his own to a place where we had never lived as a family.3 From friends and family members alike, all I heard was Are you crazy? As a reader, you must be wondering how I could go from being the anxious mother hiding from my daughter to the woman loading my son onto a flight bound for Mexico City — with a change of terminals in Toronto, no less. But we had a connection in Mexico to a language school, and Jay would be living with a family accustomed to hosting North American kids.4 About six weeks before his departure date, Jay confessed to me in the car on our way to school that he’d had a nightmare the night before in which he drowned. Being a regular teenager and a dream interpreter, he took this to mean his Mexico trip would end badly. I tried to calm both of us down by telling him, “well, you don’t have to go, you know. You have a choice.”5 He jumped all over that comment. “What choice do I really have,Mom? If I don’t go, you and Dad will be disappointed in me. I don’t want to let you down.” Tat stopped dead in my tracks. Jay was right. Rodney and I did have high expectations that our son could do this trip on his own successfully. After all, he was no stranger to foreign places. At thirteen, he had gone off to Japan with his high school wrestling team —all eighteen-year-old men. I thought Jay could handle anything, but if he didn’t believe it himself, we were being terribly unfair to him.6 Before Jay got out of the car, I told him flat out that we’d been wrong to have assumed that he could do this journey. And what’s more, no decision was final. We would consider some new options over dinner that night, I said. Tat evening, we talked about these. Jay could go to Mexico with his father, who had decided he could take a week off work. Jay could go to Mexico just for a trip and check out the homestay the following summer. Or he could cancel the whole thing. Jay chose option A: He would go with his father.7 The following morning, when I was again driving Jay to school for early-morning wrestling practice, I asked him if he had slept better. He assured me he had and surprised me by saying, so quietly I didn’t hear him at first: “I think I can go alone.”8 Say what? “You and Dad seem confident that I can do it,” he said, “so let’s stick to the original plan.” My jaw dropped. Anxious to learn from this experience, I asked Jay if he had changed his mind because we admitted we’d made a mistake or because we’doffered him real choices. He answered yes to both points.9 So that summer, Jay went off to Mexico. Rodney and I learned not only that constructive consultation is important, but that we needed to temper our expectations. Jay never complained again about being short.But it should go without saying that I didn’t sleep very well the entire time he was gone.参考译文去还是不去？罗宾·帕斯科埃通常父母都希望孩子们能够做到最好，当然孩子也总想取悦父母，所以也会尽自己所能。
跨文化翻译句子翻译Part II 句子翻译Uint1Do you see any green in my eye?你以为我幼稚可欺吗？Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it.不必过早担心。
/不必自寻烦恼。
/ 船到桥头自然直。
One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.”一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃。
1.He was a dead shot. However, he met his Waterloo this time.他是个神枪手，可这次却遭遇了滑铁卢（遭到惨败）。
2.After the failure of his last novel, his reputation stands on slippery ground.他的上一本小说写砸了，名声从此岌岌可危。
3.Studies serve for delight, for ornament（装饰，美化）and ability. Their chief use fordelight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability,is in the judgment, and disposition（安排）of business.读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。
其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
(王佐良译)1. Diction 选词用字the After-class Assignment-11.Microprocessors monitor tyre wear and brake power on cars. （根据词类选择词义）微机监测、检测汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力。
关于跨文化交流，跨文化市场才是第一的真正的首要的范本。
考虑到古罗马帝国的市民，他们是第一个诞生商店的地球文明。
商人们通过在商店的上面树立旗帜来展示他们商品货物的图片来解决跨文化市场的困扰。
这种做法不仅能为罗马帝国中未受过教育的市民服务还能帮助罗马商人们获得被他们用武力征服的殖民地的商业信息。
回顾过去，我们会发现两千多年前的亚里士多德曾明确说过：“有效劝服基本的信念仍可以把他应用到今天的买卖商品上然而在古代的雅典可能会引起一场大的争论”。
很明显的可以看出，交流是现代市场的根基。
毋庸置疑，全球化市场的时代已经到来。
每年超过4万件的商品货物进入国际市场，其中超过一半是来自美国。
这里面85%的商品都不合格。
通往国际化市场成功的道路是建立在失败的市场垃圾碎片和广泛的广告活动之上的。
他们中的大多数之所以会失败，是因为跨文化交流被曲解了。
在跨文化市场里，如果你想把低劣的语言举止降低到最小，那么就不假定任何事情。
几乎我们都听说过关于美国通用汽车公司，他们尽力想把他们的雪佛兰牌汽车销往拉美国家。
但是雪佛兰在说西班牙语的拉美国家按字面意思是不能行走。
当公司发现汽车买不出去的原因时，他们就把车重新命名，然后销往这些国家。
福特汽车公司，美国又一个汽车界的领头羊，也有类似的问题。
他们的pinto 牌汽车在当地也没有达到预期的销售，原因时他们的汽车其意思在当地为男性生殖器。
最终福特公司把所有的名牌汽车重新命名为corcel，其意思为骏马。
伊莱克斯，一个日用电器制造者，其在英国获得了很大的成功。
不幸的是，他们的广告招牌的意思在美国和英国大不相同。
在美国，suck的意思是多虱子的。
英国的牙膏生产商在法国制造出来了一种牙膏叫cue。
它被人们所耻笑。
因为它的名字使人想起了臭名昭著的色情杂志——Cue。
但是市场中的文化意识更多于细心的翻译。
每一文化都有其微妙之处，当然也有其鲜明的禁忌。
尽管大多数的人不能列出他们自己文化的规则，但是他们很明白什么时候这些禁忌被触碰了。
