有机化学双语综合测试题

化学英语考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?A. OB. OHC. H2OD. O22. Which of the following is not a basic unit of a chemical element?A. AtomB. MoleculeC. ProtonD. Electron3. What is the law of conservation of mass?A. Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.B. Mass is always created in a chemical reaction.C. Mass is always destroyed in a chemical reaction.D. None of the above.4. What is the correct chemical formula for water?A. H2OB. H2O2C. O2HD. OH-5. Which of the following is a noble gas?A. Oxygen (O)B. Helium (He)C. Carbon (C)D. Nitrogen (N)6. What is the valency of hydrogen in the compound HCl?A. +1B. -1C. +2D. -27. Which of the following is a compound?A. Oxygen gas (O2)B. Carbon dioxide (CO2)C. Hydrogen gas (H2)D. Nitrogen gas (N2)8. What is the common name for the chemical NaCl?A. SodiumB. ChlorineC. Table saltD. Baking soda9. What is the atomic number of carbon?A. 6B. 16C. 12D. 810. What is the process of a substance changing from a solidto a liquid state called?A. SublimationB. VaporizationC. MeltingD. Condensation二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The chemical equation for the combustion of methane is__________.Answer: CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O12. The symbol for the element with atomic number 17 is__________.Answer: Cl13. The process of a substance changing from a liquid to agas is known as __________.Answer: Vaporization14. The chemical formula for calcium carbonate is __________. Answer: CaCO315. The valency of chlorine in the compound KCl is __________. Answer: -116. The noble gas that is used in balloons is __________.Answer: Helium (He)17. The atomic number of oxygen is __________.Answer: 818. The process of a substance changing from a gas to aliquid is known as __________.Answer: Condensation19. The chemical symbol for the element with the highest atomic mass is __________.Answer: Og (Oganesson)20. The law that states the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products in a chemical reaction is known as the __________.Answer: Law of Conservation of Mass三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）21. Explain the difference between a pure substance and a mixture.Answer: A pure substance consists of a single type of particle, while a mixture is composed of two or moredifferent substances that are not chemically combined.22. What is an acid and what are its properties?Answer: An acid is a substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. Properties of acids include a sour taste, the ability to change the color of certain indicators, and the ability to react with bases to form salts and water.23. Describe the process of photosynthesis.Answer: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll pigments. It involves theconversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen in the presence of light energy.24. What is a chemical equilibrium and how is it represented? Answer: Chemical equilibrium is the state in a reversible reaction where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products. It is represented by the equilibrium constant expression, Kc, which is the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants raised to their respective stoichiometric coefficients.四、计算题（每题5分，共10分）25. If 10 grams of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) are dissolved in water and reacted with an excess of hydrochloric acid (HCl), calculate the volume。

化学专业外语练习题1、c Which of the following belongs to phosphate?( sodium phosphite)(a) PH3 (b) Na3PO3(c) Na3PO4 (d) P2、b 1H and 2H are ____ and occupy the same position in periodic Table.(a) isomers (b) isotopes (c) redox bodies (d) amphoteric compounds3、d The ____ of a carbon is 12(a) the weight of molecule (b) molecular number(c) the weight of atom (d) atomic weight4、Which of the following belong to nitrate? C(a) NH3 (b) KNO3 (c) KNO2 (d) NO5、Which of the following belongs to secondary amine? B4、The number of outmost electron in carbon atom is _C_.(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 65、In reaction H2 + CuO — H2O + Cu, __B__ is reduced.(a) H2 (b) CuO (c) Cu (d) H2O6、Which of the following is charged? _C_(a) atom (b) molecule (c) proton (d) neutron7、Who first presented Periodic Table of elements? C(a) Democritus (b) Boyle (c) Mendeleev (d) Dalton8、Which of the following is classified into amine? B(a) NH3 (b) CH3NH2 (c) NaNH2 (d) N29、The substances on the left side of the chemical equation are known as __d_ .(a) reactant (b) reactor (c) reductant (d) reaction10、Who first present the model of an atom in 1900s? b(a) Plato (b) Dalton (c) Mendeleev (d) Boyle11、Which of the following belongs to nitrite? b(a) HNO2 (b) KNO2 (c) Mg3N2 (d) NH312、Which of the following belongs to metal? b(a) selenium (b) sodium (c) Tellurium (d) Helium13、d The elementary particle of ____ is uncharged. d(a) proton (b) electron (c) ion (d) neutron14、d Bromine has ____ electrons in its outermost energy level. d(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 8 (d) 715、a Which of the following is non-metal?(a) chlorine (b) lead (c) copper (d) mercury16、a The atomic number of helium is ____.(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 017、d The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called ____.(a) energy level (b) groups (c) electron configuration (d) periods18、a The symbol for element silver is ____.(a) Ag (b) Sn (c) Hg (d) Au19、c The atomic number of carbon is ____.(a) 13 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) 120、b Which of the following is inert element?(a) hydrogen (b) helium (c) tellurium (d) potassium21、c Which of the following belongs to halogen?(a) carbon (b) lithium (c) fluorine (d) neon22、a Which of the following belongs to noble gas?(a) neon (b) potassium (c) iodine (d) lead23、a Which of the following belongs to alkali metal?(a) silver (b) sodium (c) tellurium (d) bromine24、b Which of the following belongs to metal halide?(a) KClO3 (b) KCl (c) HCl (d) Cl225、a The ____ of carbon is is 1s22s22p2(a) electron configuration (b) periodicity (c) general property (d) inertness26、b The general property of metal is ____.(a) soft (b) lustrous (c) flammable (d) toxic27、c Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine belong to ____ group.(a) alkaline metal (b) transition metal (c) halogen (d) alkaline earth metal28、b Few reactions occur on helium and argon, so the two elements are chemically ____.(a) reactive (b) inert (c) mild (d) strong29、a The standard enthalpy for normal oxygen is ____.(a) 0 (b) >0 (c) <0 (d) ≠030、c The maximum electronegative element in Periodic Table is ____.(a) H (b) Na (c) F (d) He31、b Which of the following belongs to the complex?(a) FeF3 (b) Na3[FeF6] (c) Fe3O4 (d) Fe32、d When solid NaCl is put into water, the solid ―disappears‖. The whole system is called ____.(a) soluble (b) solvent (c) solubility (d) solution33、d Mn2+ can be ____ to MNO4- by (NH4)2S2O8 in acidic solution.(a) reduced (b) exchanged (c) substituted (d) oxidized34、a Charged atoms are called ____.(a) ions (b) protons (c) electrons (d) molecules35、b Which of the following is classified into oxo-anion ?(a) O2- (b) SO42- (c) S2- (d) S2-36、a Reaction CH4 +Cl2→ CH3Cl + HCl is called ____ reaction.(a) substitution (b) oxidation (c) reduction (d) exchange37、c Benzene is often used as ____ both in laboratory and in chemical industry.(a) solution (b) solvation (c) solvent (d) solute38、c Standard entropy of any species is ____.(a) 0 (b) ≤ 0 (c) ＞ 0 (d) both (b) and (c)39、b If aqueous NaCl is wanted to separate, ____ is good choice.(a) substitution (b) distillation (c) coordination (d) bond40、b Alcohol is readily ____ and we smell it everywhere in air.(a) soluble (b) volatile (c) reactive (d) precipitated41、b As a general rule, the coordination compounds(the complex) with coordination number of six are observed _____ structure(a) tetrahedral (b) octahedral (c) octagonal (d) bipyridyl42、d The demanded energy that a gaseous neutral atom loses one electron at thermodynamic standard condition is called the first ____.(a) energy level (b) electron configuration (c) activation energy (d) ionization energy43、c NaCl is ____ in water.(a) solution (b) solvent (c) soluble (d) precipitated44、d When AgNO3 is mixed with NaCl, AgCl ____ is developed.(a) solution (b) solvent (c) soluble (d) precipitated45、b Which of the following belongs to hydrocarbon?(a) C11H22O11 (b) C8H18 (c) CH3COOH (d) H2SO446、a In K4[FeF6], the charge of the complex part is ____.(a) -4 (b) +2 (c) +1 (d) –147、b Which of the following belongs to substitution reaction?(a) H2 + Cl2— HCl (b) C6H6 + Cl2— C6H5Cl + HCl (c) H2O — H2 + O2 (d) S+ O2— SO248、a In K4[FeF6], the oxidation number(or state) of Fe is ____.(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 6 (d) 449、__c__ is defined as required energy to break chemical bond into neutral species at thermodynamic standard condition. For example breaking H－H bond into two H· atom requires 104kJ/mol.(a) Lattice energy (b) Hydration energy (c) Bond energy (d) Activation energy50、a When gaseous HCl dissolves into water, ____ solution forms.(a) acidic (b) basic (c) salty (d) no51、b When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions interact with water molecules. Such process is called ____.(a) coprecipitation (b) ionization (c) hydration (d) coordination52、d When ions dissolve in water, they are surrounded by water molecules. Such process is called ____.(a) sublimation (b) substitution (c) ionization (d) solvation53、c When benzene is added in aqueous solution containing iodine, most of iodine then transfers into benzene because of the more solubility of iodine in benzene. Such process is called ___.(a) refinement (b) titration (c) extraction (d) diffraction54、d Which of the following is classified into transition element?(a) silicon (b) tin (c) helium (d) copper55、__b__ H2SO4 is often used in chemical experiment.(a) Volatile (b) Concentrated (c) Flammable (d) Inert56、a Electrolysis of aqueous solution will produce____.(a) H2 (b) H (c) water (d) OH-57、d Zinc reacts with ____ H2SO4 to generate hydrogen gas at room temperature.(a) concentrated (b) cold (c) hot (d) dilute58、a Which of the following belongs to oxoacid?(a) H2SO4 (b) H2S (c) H2O (d) HS-59、c Which of the following belongs to diatomic molecule?(a) HCN (b) KClO3 (c) HCl (d) C8H1060、c If solid NaCl is added into its saturation solution , ____ is developed.(a) transparent solution (b) colloidal (c) precipitate (d) dissolution61、c Which of the following belongs to alkali earth metal?(a) potassium (b) lead (c) calcium (d) boron62、b Which of the following belongs to hydride?(a) CuSO4·5H2O (b) H2S (c) C6H6 (d) H2SO463、a Which of the following belongs to carbohydrate?(a) C11H22O11 (b) C10H8 (c) HCHO (d) CO264、a Which of the following belongs to representative element?(a) carbon (b) iron (c) copper (d) zinc65、d Which of the following belongs to alkaline earth element?(a) potassium (b) mercury (c) boron (d) magnesium66、a Benzene usually carries out ____ reaction, as described belowC6H6 +Cl2---------C6H5Cl + HCl(a) substituent (b) substitution (c) displacement (d) alternative67、a The general formula of saturation alkane is ____(a) C n H2n+2 (b) C n H2n (c) C n H2n-2 (d) C n H2n-668、c There are ____ carbon atoms in parent chain of 2,3-dimethylbutane.(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 669、c Which of the following is trans-2-butene?70、d The vinyl group has the structure of ____.(a) CH3CH2— (b) C6H5— (c) CH≡C— (d) CH2=CH—71、b Compounds that containing both hydroxyls and carbon-carbon double bonds are called ____(a) polyols (b) unsaturated alcohols (c) cyclols (d) thiol72、c Dienes contain ____ carbon-carbon double bonds.(a) di- (b) eth- (c) two (d) secondary73、a Which of the following is classified into alkenol?(a) CH2=CHCH2OH (b) CH3CH2CH2OH (c) CH≡CCH2OH (d) HOCH2CH2CH2OH74、b Vinylcyclopropane is classified into ____(a) alkane (b) alkene (c) alkyne (d) alkenyne75、c The functional group of alcohol is ____.(a) hydrate (b) hydroxide (c) hydroxyl (d) hydride76、a Alkynes contain carbon-carbon ____ bond(a) triple (b) three (c) tertiary (d) prop77、b Methylenecyclopentane is classified into ____(a) alkane (b) alkene (c) alkyne (d) alkenyne78、c Which of the following is the formula or general formula of ammonia?(a) C6H5OH (b) C6H5NH2 (c) NH3 (d) RNH279、a A primary amine contains ____ hydrogens attached to its nitrogen atom.(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) no80、d Reaction between methanamine and hydrochloric acid produces ___ salt.(a) imide (b) imine (c) amide (d) ammonium81、b The functional group of amine is ____.(a) ammonia (b) amino (c) ammonium (d) ammine82、a Alkanes contain carbon-carbon ____ bonds.(a) single (b) double (c) triple (d) both (b) and (c)83、d (+)-Glucose (C6H12O6) is ___ aldehyde, which contains hydroxyls and distinguishesfrom common aldehydes or alcohols in properties.(a) polyhydrate (b) many-hydrooxy (c) multihydroxyl (d) polyhydroxy84、b Compounds containing —OH and C=C groups are called ____ alcohols, because of the presence of carbon-carbon double bonds.(a) primary (b) unsaturated (c) monohydroxyl (d) polyolic85、b Oxacyclopropane contains ____ atom(a) nitrogen (b) oxygen (c) sulfur (d) phosphorus86、a azacyclopropane contains ____ atom(a) nitrogen (b) oxygen (c) sulfur (d) phosphorus87、 azacyclopropane is classified into ___?_(a) amine (b) ether (c) alkane (d) alkene88、a Oxacyclopropane contains ____ carbons(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 589、d Which of the following belongs to tertiary amine?(a) CH3NH2 (b) (CH3)2NH (c) (NH3)3N (d) N(CH3)4+90、a Which of the following contains carbonyl group?(a) CH3COOH (b) CH3OCH3 (c) CH3CH2OH (d) CH3CH2Cl91/c Which of the following contains hydroxyl group?(a) CH3CHO (b) CH3OCH3 (c) CH3CH2OH (d) CH3CH2Cl92、c Which of the following belongs to saturated ketone?(a) CH3CHO (b) CH2=CHCOCH3 (c) CH3CH2COCH3 (d) CH3COOH93、c Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form ____.(a) acid halides (b) acid anhydrides (c) esters (d) amides94、c The general formula of organic amides is ____.(a) RNH2 (b) RNH3+X- (c) RCONH2 (d) NaNH295、b Decarboxylation, elimination of the ___ as CO2is of importance for β-keto acid.(a) —OR (b) —COOH (c) —CHO (d) —CONH296、a Reaction of acid chloride with water forms ____.(a) carboxylic acid (b) chlorocarboxylic acid (c) ester (d) phenol97、b We can deduce that thiophene contains ___ element though its detailed structure is unknown.(a) O (b) S (c) N (d) C98、a Which of the following is neutralization reaction?(a) acid and base (b) salt and salt (c) salt and base (d) acid salt99、b Reaction of carboxylic acid with alcohol is defined as ____.(a) etherification (b) esterification (c) epoxide (d) elimination100、b Reaction of acid anhydrides with ammonia produce____(a) ammonium (b) amide (c) amine (d) amino101、d In K4[FeF6], the Fe is called ____.(a) dipole moment (b) coordination number (c) ligand (d) centre ion or atom102、a Concentration of concentrated sulfuric acid is ______(a) 18M (b) 12M (c) 6M (d) 2M103、a The detailed, step-by-step description of a chemical reaction is called ____, e.g., hydrogen reacts with oxygen to generate water. Such reaction involves the following step:H2→ H·H· +O2→ HO· + O·H· + HO·→ H2O(a) mechanism (b) dynamic equation (c) activation energy (d) process104、a Hydrolysis of FeCl3 shows ____(a) acidic (b) neutral (c) alkaline (d) amphoteric105、c Carbocation carries ____ charge.(a) no (b) neutral (c) positive (d) varying106、a A large excess of alcohol is added in the following reaction, CH3COOH +CH3CH2CH2OH------CH3COOC3H7 + H2O, the equilibrium shifts ____.(a) forwards (b) backwards (c) nothing (d) uncertainy107、c The reaction CH3COOH+ C2H5OH ----- CH3COOC2H5 is a ____ reaction because it proceeds in both direction.(a) forwards (b) backwards c) reversible d) reverse108、a If an entity combines with a proton, it is called ____.(a) protonation (b) protolysis (c) protophile (d) non-protic109、c The key raw material for chlor-alkali is ____.(a) lime (b) brine (c) soda ash (d) wood pulp110、a Soda ash is composed of ____.(a) sodium carbonate (b) sodium bicarbonate (c) ammonium bicarbonate (d) mixture between and sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate111、c According to the reaction 2NaCl +2 H2O ---------2NaOH + H2 +Cl2, the ration of caustic soda to chlorine is ____ (a) 1:2 (b )1:1 (c)2:1 (d)1：0112、c Sodium hydroxide, called ____ because of its corrosion, will burn or, even corrode our tissue and skin if it spots on them.(a) soda ash (b) caustic sodium (c) caustic soda (d) lime113、d Quicklime is manufactured by the thermal _______ (1200℃~1500℃) of limestone according to the equation: CaCO3 ------- CaO + CO2(a) combination (b) transfer (c) hydrolysis (d) decomposition114、b Which of the product derived from chlor-alkali industry?(a) electricity (b) chlorine (c) limestone (d) refractory115、c When an ammoniated solution of salt is bubbled by carbon dioxide, the process is called ____.(a) decomposition (b) calcine (c) carbonation (d) oxidation116、c In Solvay Process, separation between NaHCO3 precipitates and liquor should be carried out through ____. (a) drying (b) distillation (c) filtering (d) concentration117、c To remove some water from wet CaCO3, ____ is available.(a) electrolysis (b) metathesis (c) drying (d) solubility product118、c If you want to clear water from aqueous NaCl, the reasonable approach is ____.(a) cracking (b) humidification (c) distillation (d) agitation119、c If a solid NaCl is available from its aqueous solution, the reasonable method is ____ (a) lixiviation (b) sedimentation (c) crystallization (d)centrifugation120、d Which of the following is classified into metathesis?(a) H2 + O2— H2O (b) HCl + NaCl — NaCl + H2O(c) Zn + HCl — ZnCl2 + H2 (d) Na2SO4 + BaCl2— BaSO4 + NaCl121、d Silicate-gel is often used as ____ in chemical laboratory.(a) oxidant (b) packing material (c) initiator (d) drying agent122、b If we want to obtain solid NaCl from its aqueous solution, the reasonable operation is ____.(a) pyrolysis (b) crystallization (c) adsorption (d) adsorption123、d Which one of the following belongs to chloride?(a) Cl2 (b) NaClO3 (c) HClO3 (d) NaCl124、b All detergents, such as soap, contain ____.(a) chromatograph (b) surfactants (c) bleaching powder (d) catalysts125、Look at the following two electrode reaction(1) or (2):(1) Cl- -2e → Cl2(2) 2H2O +2 e → H2 +2OH-a Electrode (1) is ____(a) cathode (b) anode (c) negative electrode (d) electron127、c Bleaching powder is often used as ____ in public water supplies.(a) infection (b) alkalisource (c) disinfectant (d) raw material128、a The raw material to produce sulfuric acid is____.(a) sulfide (b) sulfur (c) sulfate (d) sulfonate129、c Electrolysis of aqueous HCl will generate __？__.(a) hydride (b) hydrogen ion (c) hydrogen (d) hydrate130、b Which of the following shows alkaline?(a) chlorine (b) caustic soda (c) sulfuric acid (d) hydrogen131、a The method to produce industrially sulfuric acid is ____.(a) contact process (b) Solovy Process (c) electrolysis (d) lead chamber132、c Which of the following belongs to sulfide?(a) Na2S2O3 (b) Na2SO3 (c) Na2S (d) Na2SO4133、c If excess sulfur trioxide is dissolved into pure sulfuric acid, ____ forms.(a) concentrated sulfuric acid (b) dilute sulfuric acid(c) oleum (d) divanadium pentoxide134、b The method to synthesize ammonia is ____ .(a) Solvay Process (b) Habor Process(c) Catalytic Reforming (d) methanation135、d Prior to reforming reaction, the syngas requires _______ process, in which sulfur-containing compounds must be removed as they poison both the reforming catalysts and Harber catalysts.(a) sulfonation (b) sulfurization (c) sulfates (d) desulfurization136、d If a steam is required to be converted into liquid, _____ is available.(a) absorption tower (b) reformer (c) membrane cell (d) condenser137、c Benzene is ____ with concentrated nitric acid to form nitrobenzene, as described below: C6H6 + HNO3— C6H5NO2 + H2O(a) nitrogenated (b) nitrized (c) nitrated (d) nitricated138、b The following reaction is exothermic:4NH3 + 5O2— 4NO + 6H2O, therefore, low temperature favors the reaction ____.(a) backwards (b) forwards (c) no shift (d) uncertain139、a In the following reaction, Cu + 2H2SO4— CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O____ is oxidized.(a) Cu (b) H2SO4 (c) SO2 (d) H2O140、b The raw material to produce industrially nitric acid is ____.(a) nitrogen (b) ammonia (c) amine (d) ammine141、a Dehydration of pure nitric acid will give ____.(a) H2O (b) N2O5 (c) NO2 (d) NO142、c About 65% nitric acid reacts with ammonia to give ____.(a) nitrogen (b) ammonium nitrate (c) nitrogen dioxide (d) dinitrogen pentoxide.143、b Which of the following is an important precursor for petrochemicals?(a) ethane (b) ethylene (c) ethanol (d) ethanoic anhydride144、a Demethylation of methylcyclohexane gives ____.(a) cyclohexane (b) cyclohexyl (c) cyclohexene (d) benzene145、Dehydrogenation of cyclohexane gives __？__.(a) cyclohexene (b) cyclohexanone (c) cyclohexyl (d) cyclohexanecarboxylic acid146、a Precisely, the molecular weight of polymer, often greater than 107, equals to that of____ multiplied by degree of polymerization.(a) monomer (b) mole (c) covalent bond (d) radical147、b Vulcanization of rubber refers to addition of some ____ in the framework of rubber body.(a) vanadium (b) sulfur (c) chlorine (d) nitrogen148、c When the degree of polymerization reaches less than 20, we say the polymer is ____.(a) the intermediate (d) the distillate (c) oligomer (d) monomer149、c At the top of the distillation tower, there is a ____ to cool the vapor into reflux liquid and to recycle into the tower.(a) heat exchanger (b) furnace (c) working tank (c) condenser150、bIn sulfuric acid industry, elemental sulfur is combusted in ____ to general sulfur dioxide.(a) fractionating tower (b) furnace (c) steam stripper (d) working tank151、c At the bottom of the distillation tower, there is a(an) ____ to boil the liquid into vapor and to recycle into the tower.(a) still (b) auxiliary (c) tank (c) boiler152、d If a new bond between polymeric chains is developed, the process is called ____.(a) covalence (b) side-chain (c) fabrication (d) cross-linking153、a Which of following belongs to synthetic polymer?(a) plastic film (b) silk (c) cellulose (d) starch154、a Copolymers are derived from polymerization of ____ monomers, such as C6H5OH and HCHO.(a) different (b) usual (c) the same (d) conventional155、d Any commodity should have a technical ____ if they go into public commerce.(a) specific (b) specify (c) specialty (d) specification156、c The ____ of Zn-Cu alloy(solid solution) is as follow: 30%Zn and 70%Cu.(a) composite (b) component (c) composition (d) complex157、d As a convention, [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 is never considered a salt, but a ____.(a) composite (b) component (c) composition (d) complex158、b After synthesis of a product, the product must be ___ because the mixture contains the desirable products as well as the remaining reactants, catalysts, by-products.(a) pre-treated (b) post-treated (c) blended (d) eliminated159、a When ethanol is dissolved into water, a ____ solution is developed.(a) homogeneous (b) heterogeneous (c) viscose (d) latent160、a The reaction H2 + O2 -----H2O is ____.(a) exothermic (b) endothermic (c) isothermal (d) thermodynamic161、c Which of the follow is used as the semi-conductor material?(a) Fe (b) N2 (c) Si (d) He162、c Homopolymers are derived from polymerization of ____ monomers, such as polyethylene.(a) different (b) usual （c) the same (d) conventional163、a Activate carbon is often used as adsorbent in laboratory due to its large ____ surface.(a) specific (b) specify (c) specialty (d) specification164、b To obtain pure substance from the mixture, ____ is a good choice.(a) catalysis (b) purification (c) reactor design (d) solubility165、d If a reaction is carried out at a very high pressure, _____ is a good choice.(a) furnace (b) fractionating tower (c) heat exchanger (d) autoclave166、d Which of the following is classified into polymer?(a) formaldehyde (b) silica (c) sulfur trioxide (d) epoxy resin 167、a Which of the following is classified into synthetic polymer?(a) resin (b) vinyl chloride (c) epoxide (d) silica。

西北农林科技大学本科课程考试参考答案2012—2013学年第2学期《有机化学》（双语）课程A卷专业年级：生技基、生工基地等7个班命题教师：王俊儒，陶虎，汤江江考试时间：2013-07- 10 8:30-10:30 a.m.Part I - (3 points each, 24 points in all)Give the correct IUPAC name (BOTH IN CHINESE AND ENGLISH) or molecular structure for each of the compounds BELOW.(Note the configuration if there any).按系统命名法写出下列化合物的英文和中文名称（每小题3分，计24分）1 (3R,4S)-3-氯-4-溴庚烷(3R,4S)-4-bromo-3-chloroheptane2 7,7-二甲基二环[2.2.1]庚烷7,7-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane3 (R,Z)-4-甲基-2-己烯(R,Z)-4-methylhex-2-ene4 (2S,3S)-2,3-二羟基丁醛(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanal5 N,N-二甲基苯甲酰胺N,N-dimethylbenzamide678Part II -MULTIPLE CHOICE (2 point each, 40 points in all)多选题（每小题2分，计40分）9. D; 10. B; 11. C; 12. D; 13. B;14. D; 15. D; 16. D; 17. BE; 18. C;19. E; 20. B; 21. C; 22. A; 23. D;24. A(印刷上结构末端少了一个甲基（—)，应为.建议不管答什么都给分);25. AB; 26. C; 27. A; 28. C;Part III- REACTIONS and SYNTHESIS (2 points for 29-35, 3 pointsfor 36-39, 26 points)反应和合成题（29-35每小题2分，36-39每小题3分，计26分）29 30 3132 33 343536；37；；3839Part IV –MECHANISMS (5 points for each, 10 POINTS)机理题（每小题5分，计10分）40.41.。

2011 年有机化学自测题（英文版-中英对照）Ⅲ. Choose the best answers for each of the following questions.  1. Single choice (only one choice is correct) for 1~70 For CH3CH=C=CH2, point out the hybridization of each carbon(from left to right)? 对于有机物 CH3CH=C=CH2, 请指出每个碳的杂化方式(从左至右). A. sp3 sp2 sp2 sp2 B. sp 3 sp2 sp sp 2 C. sp 3 sp 2 sp sp D. sp3 sp sp sp 2. Which of the following is electrophilic reagent？ 属于亲电试剂的是： A. HNO3 B. NaHSO3 C. H2N－NH2 D. HCN 3. Which of the following is nucleophilic reagent？ 属于亲核试剂的是： A. Br2 B. NaHSO3 C. H2SO4 D. HCl 4. Which of the following substituents activates an aromatic nucleus? 下列哪个取代基可以活化芳香环？ A. —COOH B. —NO2 C. —OCH3 D. —SO3H 5. Which of the following does not give the iodoform test? 不能发生碘仿反应的是：A. C6H5CHO B. CH3 C O CH3 C. CH3CH2OH D. CH3C-C6H5 O6. Which of the following structural formulas has no geometrical isomers? 不存在几何异构（顺反异构）的是：A. CH3CH=CHCH3 B. C6H5CH=CHBr C. Cl Cl Cl D. Cl Cl7. Which of the following is aromatic？ 具有芳香性的化合物是：A. O B. C. N H D.8. Which of the following lettered carbon-carbon bonds is the longest？ 用字母标记的碳碳键中，键长最长的是：a A. B. CH3 CH b c C. CH3 C CH D. CH3 d CH3CH29. Which of the following carbocations is most stable? 最稳定的碳正离子是：+ A. CH3 C CH3 + B. CH3 CH CH3 + C. CH3 CH2 + D. CH3CH=CH210. Which of the following compounds yields a yellow oil when treated with nitrous acid? 能与亚硝酸作用生成黄色油状物的物质是：A. CH3CH2NH2 B. (CH3CH2)2NH C. (CH3CH2)3N D. NH211. Which of the following is easiest water-soluble? 最易溶于水的是：A. CH2－CH－CH2 OH OH OH B. OH C. E. CH3CHCH2CH2OH CH312. Which of the following cannot react with silver nitrate to produce silver chloride at ordinary conditions? 1通常情况下不能与硝酸银反应生成氯化银的物质是：A. CH3C－Cl O B. (CH3)3C－Cl C. CH2=CHCHCH3 Cl D. Cl13. Which one cannot be converted into amides by nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction with acid chlorides, anhydrides, or esters? 下列哪种物质不能和酰氯、酸酐、酯类通过亲核的酰基取代反应形成酰胺？ A. aniline （苯胺） B. (C2H5 )3N C. C2H5NHCH3 D. (C2H5 )3C-NH2 14. Which of the following reagents cannot react with 2,4-pentadione 下列哪种试剂不能与 2,4-戊二酮（乙酰丙酮）反应？ (A) Na (B) Br2 (C) NaHSO3 (D) NaHCO3 15. Which of the following shows π-π conjugate system? 具有 π-π 共轭体系的是： A. 1,3-butadiene B. ClCH=CHCH2CH3 C. +CH2CH=CH2 D.CH2=CH-CH2CH=CH2 16. Which of the following shows p-π conjugate system? 具有 p-π 共轭体系的是： A. benzaldehyde B. 1,3-cyclohexadiene C. ClCH=CH2 D. ClCH2CH=CH2 17. Which substituent on an aromatic ring is ortho-para director? 下列芳香环上的取代基，属于邻-对位定位基的是： A. －CHO 碱性最强的是： A. NH3 碱性最弱的是A.N HB. －SO3HC. －CH=CH2D. －CN18. Which of the following shows the strongest basicity? B.(CH3)2NH C. C6H5NH2 D. CH3CONH219. Which of the following shows the weakest basicity?NH2B.NC.N HD.20. Which of the following shows the strongest acidity? 酸性最强的是COOH NO2 OH C. D. H3C COOHA.COOHB.21. Which of the following can be used as Lewis base? 能用作路易斯碱的是： A. BF3 B. H2SO4 C. Br+ D. CN22. Which of the following compounds contains 1°, 2°, 3°and 4°carbon atoms? 下列哪个化合物分子中同时包含有 1°, 2°, 3° 和 4° 碳原子？ A. 2, 2, 3-trimethylbutane C. 2, 3, 4-trimethylpentane 2,2,3-三甲基丁烷 2,3,4-三甲基戊烷 B. 2, 2, 3-trimethylpentane 2,3,3-三甲基戊烷 D. 3, 3-dimethylpentane 3,3-二甲基戊烷23. Which of the following carbohydrates is capable of being oxidized by bromine water? 下列哪种碳水化合物能被溴水氧化？ A. fructose 果糖 B. sucrose 蔗糖 C. glucose 葡萄糖 D. cellulose 纤维素24. Which one is the most stable? 下列哪个构象最稳定？CH3 H H CH3 A. Anti H H H H H CH3 H3C H H H CH3 CH3 H H H3C CH3B. EclipsedH H C. GaucheH HD. Eclipsed225. Which one of the stability order of the following is correct? 稳定性大小排序正确的是：CH(CH3)2 H3C (a) (b)CH(CH3)2 CH3 (c) (d) H 3C CH(CH3)2H3CCH(CH3)2A. a>b>c>dB. d>a>b>cC. d>b>c>aD. d>c>a>b26. Which of the following shows the highest activity toward SN1 reaction? 在单分子亲核取代反应中活性最高的是： A.methyl bromide 甲基溴 B. ethyl bromide 乙基溴 C. 3-bromo-2-methylbutane 3-溴-2-甲基丁烷 在双分子单核取代反应中活性最高的是： A.methyl bromide 甲基溴 B. ethyl bromide 乙基溴 C. 3-bromo-2-methylbutane 3-溴-2-甲基丁烷 is reasonable? 学生们在使用泰利（Thiele）毛细管法测定萘的熔点实验中，记录了如下测定结果。

一、选择题1．假期，小明随父母外出旅游，不仅饱览了祖国美丽的大好河山，而且经质了收获满满的化学之旅。

乘坐汽车前往景点，小明发现火车就像一座化学材料的“陈列馆”。

下列关于汽车家零部件所属材料的说法正确的是A．前挡风玻璃属于硅酸盐制品B．安全带属于金属复合材料制品C．橡胶轮胎属于无机高分子材料制品D．座椅表面的真皮属于合成高分子材料制品2．等物质的量的下列有机物完全燃烧，消耗O2最多的是A．C6H6B．CH3CH2OH C．C2H4D．CH3COOH3．已知自动脱水−−−−→R—CHO。

现有A、B、C、D、E、F六种有机物有如下转化关系，其中A的分子式为C4H8O3。

下列判断正确的是A．反应①属于氧化反应B．有机物B、D的最简式相同C．A的同分异构体中，与A具有相同官能团的有9种D．等物质的量的D、E与足量钠反应，产生H2的量相同4．通过测定血液或尿液中某物质的含量可诊断糖尿病患者的病情，该物质为（）A．蛋白质B．葡萄糖C．淀粉D．油脂5．利用下列反应不能制得括号中纯净物的是A．等物质的量的氯气与乙烷在光照条件下反应(氯乙烷)B．乙烯与水加成(乙醇)C．乙烯与氯气加成(1，2－二氯乙烷)D．氯气与苯用氯化铁作催化剂反应(氯苯)6．下列有关化学用语表示不正确的是A．蔗糖的分子式：C12H22O11B．乙炔的结构式：CH≡CHC．氯化钠的电子式：D．二硫化碳分子的比例模型：7．下列说法正确的是A．CH2=CH2、三种物质中都有碳碳双键，都可发生加成反应B．1 mol 与过量的NaOH溶液加热充分反应，能消耗3mol NaOHC．将溴水加入苯中，溴水的颜色变浅，这是由于发生了取代反应D．用溴水即可鉴别苯酚溶液、2，4一己二烯和甲苯8．下列物质的检验、分离和提纯方法，不正确的是A．用分液漏斗分离四氯化碳与水B．用硝酸银溶液检验自来水中的氯离子C．用溴水区别乙烯与甲烷D．用浓硫酸干燥NH39．2020 年春节前后，世界各地爆发了新型冠状病毒疫情。

有机化学英文版课后练习题含答案Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-based compounds, which are found in everything from your food and medicine to the plastics in your car. It is an important subject in the field of chemistry and is usually taught at the university level. In this article, we will introduce some organic chemistry practice questions with answers, which can be used by students to practice and improve their knowledge of the subject.Question 1Draw the structure of 2-methyl-1-butene.Answer:2-methyl-1-butene structure2-methyl-1-butene structureQuestion 2Write the condensed formula for 2,4-dimethylheptane.Answer:The condensed formula is C9H20.Question 3Write the IUPAC name for CH3CH2CH2C(CH3)2CH3.Answer:The IUPAC name is 3,3-dimethylpentane.Question 4What is the functional group of butanoic acid?Answer:The functional group is a carboxyl group (-COOH).Question 5Which compound is more acidic: ethanol or acetic acid?Answer:Acetic acid is more acidic than ethanol because the presence of the carboxyl group in acetic acid makes it more acidic than ethanol.Question 6What is the mechanism of the reaction between ethene and hydrogen to form ethane?Answer:The mechanism is a catalytic hydrogenation reaction, which involves the addition of hydrogen to the carbon-carbon double bond in ethene to form ethane.Question 7What is the effect of increasing the size of the alkyl group on the boiling point of alkanes?Answer:Increasing the size of the alkyl group increases the boiling point of alkanes because larger molecules have stronger van der Waals forces of attraction, which require more energy to break.Question 8What is the difference between an electrophile and a nucleophile?Answer:An electrophile is an atom or molecule that is attractedto electrons and accepts a pr of electrons from another molecule during a chemical reaction. A nucleophile is an atom or molecule that has a lone pr of electrons and donates a pr of electrons to another molecule during a chemical reaction.Question 9What is the difference between an alkane and an alkene?Answer:An alkane is a hydrocarbon that contns only single bonds between carbon atoms. An alkene is a hydrocarbon that contns at least one carbon-carbon double bond.Question 10What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated hydrocarbon?Answer:A saturated hydrocarbon contns only single bonds between carbon atoms and is therefore。

高中有机化学综合测试练习题一、单选题1.已知乙烯醇(CH 2=CHOH)不稳定,可自动转化为乙醛;二元醇脱水生成环状化合物。

现有1mol 乙二醇在一定条件下脱去1mol 水,所得产物的结构简式有下列几种,其中不可能的是( ) ①2?2CH =CH ② ③3CH CHO ④ ⑤A.只有①B.有①②C.有①③D.有①④⑤2.在人们的印象中,塑料是常见的绝缘材料,但2000年三名诺贝尔化学奖得主的研究成果表明,塑料经改造后能像金属一样具有导电性,要使塑料聚合物导电,其内部的碳原子之间必须交替地以单键和双键结合(再经掺杂处理)。

目前导电聚合物已成为物理学家和化学家研究的重要领域,由上述分析,下列聚合物经掺杂处理后可以制成"导电塑料"的是( ) A.B. C. D.3.现有4种有机物:。

其中可用于合成结构简式的高分子材料的正确组合为( )A.①③④B.①②③C.①②④D.②③④4.下列化学方程式书写正确的是( )A. 2nCH 3CH CH -B. nHCHO +C. 2H O +3CH COOH +D. 22nH N CH COOH -2nH O +5.某药物的结构简式为:1mol 该物质与足量的NaOH 溶液反应,消耗NaOH 的物质的量为( )A.3molB.4molC.3n molD.4n mol6.H 是一种性能优异的高分子材料,其结构简式为,已被广泛应用于声、热、光的传感等方面.它是由HC CH 、()2CN 、3CH COOH 三种单体通过适宜的反应形成的.由H 的结构式分析合成过程中发生反应的类型有( )①加成反应 ②取代反应 ③缩聚反应 ④加聚反应 ⑤酯化反应A.①④⑤B.①④C.①③⑤D.①②③7.橡胶是一种重要的战略物质,一般分为天然橡胶和合成橡胶两类。

丁苯橡胶是合成橡胶的一种,其结构简式为:下列说法正确的是( )A.它的单体是橡皮网B.丁苯橡胶是橡皮网橡皮网通过缩聚反应制得的C.装液溴或溴水的试剂瓶可用丁苯橡胶作瓶塞D.丁苯橡胶会老化8.在制备顺丁橡胶和高吸水性树脂时,都要加人交联剂。

得分 阅卷人 2011年有机化学自测题（英文版-中英对照）Ⅲ. Choose the best answers for each of the following questions.Single choice (only one choice is correct)for 1~701. For CH 3CH=C=CH 2, point out the hybridization of each carbon(from left to right)?对于有机物 CH 3CH=C=CH 2, 请指出每个碳的杂化方式(从左至右).A. sp 3 sp 2 sp 2 sp 2B. sp 3 sp 2 sp sp 2C. sp 3 sp 2 sp spD. sp 3 sp sp sp2. Which of the following is electrophilic reagent ？属于亲电试剂的是：A. HNO 3B. NaHSO 3C. H 2N －NH 2D. HCN3. Which of the following is nucleophilic reagent ？属于亲核试剂的是：A. Br 2B. NaHSO 3C. H 2SO 4D. HCl4. Which of the following substituents activates an aromatic nucleus?下列哪个取代基可以活化芳香环？A. —COOHB. —NO 2C. —OCH 3D. —SO 3H6. Which of the following structural formulas has no geometrical isomers? 不存在几何异构（顺反异构）的是：7. Which of the following is aromatic ？具有芳香性的化合物是：8. Which of the following lettered carbon-carbon bonds is the longest ？ 用字母标记的碳碳键中，键长最长的是：9. Which of the following carbocations is most stable?最稳定的碳正离子是：15. Which of the following shows p-π conjugate system?具有p-π共轭体系的是：A. 1,3-butadieneB. ClCH=CHCH 2CH 3C. +CH 2CH=CH 2D.CH 2=CH-CH 2CH=CH 216. Which of the following shows p-π conjugate system?具有p-π共轭体系的是：A. benzaldehydeB. 1,3-cyclohexadieneC. ClCH=CH2D. ClCH2CH=CH217. Which substituent on an aromatic ring is ortho-para director?下列芳香环上的取代基，属于邻-对位定位基的是：A. －CHOB. －SO3HC. －CH=CH2D. －CN21. Which of the following can be used as Lewis base?能用作路易斯碱的是：A. BF3B. H2SO4C. Br+D. CN-22. Which of the following compounds contains 1°, 2°, 3°and 4°carbon atoms?下列哪个化合物分子中同时包含有1°, 2°, 3° 和 4° 碳原子？A. 2, 2, 3-trimethylbutane 2,2,3-三甲基丁烷B. 2, 2, 3-trimethylpentane 2,3,3-三甲基戊烷C. 2, 3, 4-trimethylpentane 2,3,4-三甲基戊烷D. 3, 3-dimethylpentane 3,3-二甲基戊烷24. Which one is the most stable?下列哪个构象最稳定？25. Which one of the stability order of the following is correct?稳定性大小排序正确的是：A. a>b>c>dB. d>a>b>cC. d>b>c>aD. d>c>a>b26. Which of the following shows the highest activity toward S N1 reaction?在单分子亲核取代反应中活性最高的是：A.methyl bromide 甲基溴B. ethyl bromide 乙基溴C. 3-bromo-2-methylbutane 3-溴-2-甲基丁烷D. 2-bromo-2-methylbutane 2-溴-2-甲基丁烷27. Which of the following shows the highest activity toward S N2 reaction?在双分子单核取代反应中活性最高的是：A.methyl bromide 甲基溴B. ethyl bromide 乙基溴C. 3-bromo-2-methylbutane 3-溴-2-甲基丁烷D. 2-bromo-2-methylbutane 2-溴-2-甲基丁烷28. In an experiment for the melting point determination of naphthalene with the set of Thiele bube, which record of the following is reasonable?学生们在使用泰利（Thiele）毛细管法测定萘的熔点实验中，记录了如下测定结果。

Answer for Comprehensive exercisesⅠ. Name each of the followings.1. 2-pentanone (2-戊酮)2. propene (丙烯)3. ethanol (乙醇) (4) benzoic acid (苯甲酸)5.N,N-dimethylformamide (N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)6.methylcyclopentane (甲基环戊烷)7.phenylethanone (苯乙酮) 8.2R,3S-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioicacid (2R,3S-2,3-二羟基丁二酸)9.acitic anhydride (ethanoic anhydride 乙酸酐)10.1,4-putanediamine (1,4-丁二胺, 1,4-diaminobutane 1,4-二氨基丁烷)11.ethyl benzoate (苯甲酸乙酯) 12.ethanoyl chloride (acetyl chloride 乙酰氯)Ⅱ.Write the structural formula for each of the followings1. 2. 3. CH 3CHCHCH 2CH 2CH 2CH 3CH 3CH 2CH 3CH C=C CH 2CH 3H H 3C 3 CH 3C －C C －CH 2CH 3 CH 34.5. 6.7. 8Ⅲ. Choose the best answers fo r…1C 2B 3C 4A 5D 6A 7D 8A 9B 10A 11B 12C 13A 14C 15C 16A 17B 18A 19B 20 D 21A 22D 23A 24A 25D 26A 27A 28C 29C 30D 31BCD 32AD 33ABC34AC 35CD 36AB 37BCD 38ABCD 39BC 40ADⅣ. Complete reactions1.2.3. 4. 5.6. OH CH 2CH 2CH 3(CH 3CH 2)3NCOOH H H 2N CH 3CHO Br 22＋ H 2OOH OH Br Br 3－C －OH O ＋CH 3CH 2+CH 3－C －OCH 2CH 3O ＋ H 2O CH CH 3CH 2－＋Br 2＋CH 3－CH －Br HBr C 2H 5CH=CH 2 + H ClC 2H 5CH －CH 3 Cl CH 3－C －CH 3 + I 2 + NaOH HCOONa OC 2H 5OH C 2H 5OC 2H 5 H SO (conc.)o + H 2O＋CH 3－CH 3CH=NH-NO 2O 2NH 2O 7. 8. 2 CH 3CHO -CH 3CH=CHCHO + H 2OCH 3NO 2+ HNO 324CH 3NO 2O 2N CH 3NO 2NO 2＋9.＋＋CH 33H +310. HO COONa + CO 2 + H 2O 11.HN CH3CH 3+ HNO 2ON －NCH 3CH 3+ H2O12. Br CH 325CH313. 14. COOH OH H 2SO 4(CH CO)OCOOHOCCH 3ONH 2+ NaNO 2 + 2 H 2SO 40~5℃N 2+HSO 4-15.16.OH CH 3H 3C KMnO H OCH3H 3C 17. CH 3C －NH 2O ＋ H2O NaOHCH CH 3CH ＝CHCHO (1) NaBH (2) H 3O CH 3CH ＝CHCH 2OH18.OH CH 2OH + HCOO -19. 20. C H 3－CH －CH 2O + CH 3CH 2OH CH 3COONaCH 3－CH －CH 2OCH 2CH 3OHⅤ. Differentiate the following groups of compounds1.CH 3CH 2NH 2(CH 3CH 2)2NH(CH 3CH 2)3N 3clear solution don't reactHCI 3(－)2. 2-pentanone(－)(－)CO 23-pentanonebenzoic acid Ⅵ. Preparation of the following coumpound s……1. Synthesize 2,6-dibromo-4-nitrobenzoic acid from toluenesee [see question 4-4 (2)]2. Synthesize 2-hydroxybutanoic acid from butanoic acid [see question 9-8(2)]3. Synthesize butanedioic anhydride from ethanol [see question 10-8(2)]4. Synthesize 2,4,6-tribromophenol from aniline [see question 11-10(2)]Ⅶ.Deduce structure.1. CH 3CHCH(CH 3)2OHHCI 3HOOCCH(CH 3)22.3. .若A 不能溶于氢氧化钠，则A 可能为：CH 3CHCH 2CH 2CH 3OH HCI HOOCCH 2CH 2CH 3ABCH OH CH 3－CH －C O OCH 3CH 2COOH CH 3－CH －C OOH CH 2COOCH 3(B )(C )CH3－CH －C CH 2－C O O (A )3CHCOOCH 3CH 2COOCH 3(D )＋ 3 HBr A B OCH 3Ⅶ. Explain concepts1.racemate: A mixture of equal parts of enantiomers is called racemate or racemic mixture.2. nucleophilic addition: In the reaction of aldehydes or ketone with nucleophilic reagents such as HCN, HOR, etc, the nucleophilic anion adds first to the carbonyl carbon to form an intermediate, then, the H+ adds rapidly to the carbonyl oxygen to form neutral additional product. First step is the slowest, so this reaction is called as nucleophilic addition.3. chiral carbon atom: A carbon bonded to four different atoms or groups are called chiral carbon atom.4. enantiomer: optical isomers that are mirror images. Enantiomers have identical physical properties except for the rotation of plane-polarized light.5. reducing sugar: Carbohydrates that can directly or indirectly reduce Fehling’s, Tollens’,Benedict’s reagents are termed as reducing sugars.。

化工英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a type of catalyst used in chemical reactions?A. Homogeneous catalystB. Heterogeneous catalystC. Biological catalystD. Inert catalyst答案：D2. The process of converting raw materials into products in a chemical plant is known as:A. SynthesisB. DistillationC. ReactionD. Processing答案：D3. What is the term used to describe the separation of a mixture into its individual components?A. FiltrationB. EvaporationC. DistillationD. Crystallization答案：C4. In chemical engineering, what does the acronym "P&ID" stand for?A. Process and Instrumentation DiagramB. Product and Industry DesignC. Plant and Industrial DevelopmentD. Power and Industrial Devices答案：A5. Which of the following is a common method for measuring the concentration of a solution?A. SpectrophotometryB. ChromatographyC. TitrationD. All of the above答案：D6. What is the main purpose of a heat exchanger in a chemical process?A. To increase the temperature of the reactantsB. To cool down the productsC. To transfer heat between two fluidsD. To separate components of a mixture答案：C7. Which of the following is a unit of measurement for pressure?A. Pascal (Pa)B. Newton (N)C. Joule (J)D. Coulomb (C)答案：A8. What is the term used to describe a chemical reaction that produces energy in the form of heat or light?A. Endothermic reactionB. Exothermic reactionC. Isothermal reactionD. Photochemical reaction答案：B9. In the context of chemical engineering, what does the term "yield" refer to?A. The amount of product produced per unit of timeB. The percentage of theoretical product that is actually producedC. The efficiency of a chemical processD. The amount of raw material used in a process答案：B10. Which of the following is a type of pollution control technology used in chemical plants?A. ScrubbersB. FiltersC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The chemical formula for water is __________.答案：H2O2. The SI unit for temperature is __________.答案：Kelvin (K)3. The process of converting a solid into a liquid by heating is called __________.答案：Melting4. A __________ is a device used to control the flow of a fluid in a pipeline.答案：Valve5. The __________ is a type of diagram that shows the relationship between different parts of a chemical process. 答案：Flowchart6. The term __________ refers to the study of the physical and chemical properties of materials.答案：Material Science7. The __________ is a type of equipment used to separate liquid mixtures based on differences in their boiling points. 答案：Distillation Column8. The __________ is a type of chemical reaction where two ormore substances combine to form a new compound.答案：Synthesis Reaction9. __________ is a method used to remove impurities from a substance by passing it through a semipermeable membrane.答案：Dialysis10. The __________ is a unit of measurement for the amount of substance in a system.答案：Mole三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous catalyst.答案：A homogeneous catalyst is a catalyst that is in thesame phase as the reactants, usually a liquid or gas. A heterogeneous catalyst is a catalyst that is in a different phase from the reactants, typically a solid.2. Describe the purpose of a control system in a chemical process.答案：A control system in a chemical process is used tomonitor and adjust the process variables to maintain the desired operating conditions. This ensures the process runs efficiently, safely, and produces the desired product quality.3. What are the three main types of distillation processes?答案：The three main types of distillation processes aresimple distillation, fractional distillation, and vacuum distillation.4. Discuss the importance of safety measures in a chemical plant.答案：Safety measures in a chemical plant are crucial to prevent accidents, protect the health of workers, and minimize environmental impact. They include proper equipment design, training of personnel, emergency response plans, and adherence to safety regulations.。

中国慕课南京中医药大学有机化学双语答案1、碱水提取芦丁时，若PH过高会使（）[单选题] *A产品质量降低B产品收率降低(正确答案)C苷键水解断裂D内酯环开环2、下列不能作为极性吸附剂的是（）[单选题] *A活性炭(正确答案)B氧化铝C硅胶D氧化镁3、苯丙素类的基本母核是具有一个或数个（）单元的天然化合物（）[单选题] * AC6-C3基团(正确答案)BC6-C6基团CC5-C3基团DC8-C8基团4、挥发油可析出结晶的温度是（）[单选题] *A0～-20℃(正确答案)B0～10℃C0～20℃D0～15℃5、南五味子保肝的主要效药效成分是（）[单选题] *A蒽醌B香豆素C黄酮D木脂素(正确答案)6、香豆素与浓度高的碱长时间加热生成的产物是（）[单选题] * A脱水化合物B顺式邻羟基桂皮酸(正确答案)C反式邻羟基桂皮酸D醌式结构7、颜色随pH值不同而变化的是（）[单选题] *A黄酮B花青素(正确答案)C二氢黄酮D查耳酮8、木脂素是苯丙素衍生聚合而成的天然化合物，多为（）[单选题] *A二聚体(正确答案)B三聚体C四聚体D五聚体9、黄酮母核具有的下列何种结构特点在碱液中不稳定（）[单选题] *A邻二酚羟基(正确答案)B3-羟基C5-羟基D7-羟基10、E连续回流提取法(正确答案)能用乙醇作溶剂提取的方法有（多选）（）* A浸渍法(正确答案)B渗漉法(正确答案)C煎煮法D回流提取法(正确答案)11、有机溶剂加热提取中药成分应采用（）[单选题] *A回流装置(正确答案)B蒸馏装置C萃取装置D分馏装置12、下列化合物中β位有-COOH取代的是（）[单选题] *A大黄素B大黄酸(正确答案)C大黄素甲醚D芦荟大黄素13、在溶剂提取法中，更换新鲜溶剂可以创造新的（），从而使有效成分能够继续被提取出来。

（）[单选题] *A极性差B压力差C浓度差(正确答案)D体积差14、阿托品是莨菪碱的（）[单选题] *A左旋体B右旋体C同分异构体D外消旋体(正确答案)15、能溶于水的生物碱是（）[单选题] *A莨菪碱B小檗碱(正确答案)C长春新碱D长春碱16、萃取时易发生乳化现象的是（）[单选题] *A简单萃取法(正确答案)B逆流连续萃取法C二者均是D二者均不是17、在分配色谱中，属于反相色谱的是（）[单选题] * A固定相的极性大于流动相B固定相的极性小于流动相(正确答案)C固定相的极性等于流动相D以上都不是18、连续回流提取法与回流提取法比较，其优越性是（）[单选题] * A节省时间且效率高B节省溶剂且效率高(正确答案)C受热时间短D提取量较大19、属于二萜的化合物是（）[单选题] *A龙脑B月桂烯C薄荷醇D穿心莲内酯(正确答案)20、临床用于上呼吸道抗菌消炎的是（）[单选题] *A穿心莲内酯(正确答案)B青蒿素C莪术醇D薄荷脑21、由两个C6-C3单体聚合而成的化合物称（）[单选题] *A木质素B香豆素(正确答案)C黄酮D木脂素22、以下哪种分离方法是利用分子筛的原理的（）[单选题] *A吸附色谱法B萃取法C沉淀法D透析法(正确答案)23、以下哪种方法是利用混合中各成分在溶剂中的溶解度不同或在冷热情况下溶解度显著差异的原理而达到分离的（）[单选题] *A沉淀法B分馏法C结晶法(正确答案)D升华法24、没有挥发性也不能升华的是（）[单选题] *A香豆素苷类(正确答案)B游离蒽醌类C樟脑D游离香豆素豆素类25、以葛根素为指标成分进行定性鉴别的中药是（）[单选题] *A葛根(正确答案)B黄芩C槐花D陈皮26、下列含有蒽醌类成分的中药是（）*A丹参B决明子(正确答案)C芦荟(正确答案)D紫草27、能提取出中药中的大部分亲水性成分和绝大部分亲脂性成分的溶剂是（）[单选题]* A乙醚B乙醇(正确答案)C水D苯28、组成缩合鞣质的基本单元是（）[单选题] *A黄烷-3-醇(正确答案)B酚羟基C环戊烷D哌啶环29、E与水任意比例相溶(正确答案)不耐热成分不宜采用的提取方法是（）* A浸渍法B渗漉法C煮法(正确答案)D回流提取法(正确答案)30、下列哪个中药中含有机酸（）[单选题] *A金银花(正确答案)B大黄C黄芩D乌头。