北京市北京师范大学附属中学2021-2022学年八年级下学期期中英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单项选择1．My cousin borrows my things ________ returning them.A．without B．over C．from D．about 2．Young people are used to ________ pop music and it makes them happy.A．listen B．listen to C．listening D．listening to 3．Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs ________ lots of money. A．makes B．making C．to make D．made4．My sister can’t play the piano, and ________.A．neither can I B．I can’t, too C．so can’t I D．can I, either 5．You should eat more now ________ you won’t be hungry later.A．because of B．such as C．as well D．so that6．In the story Dangerous Trainers, who moves the dangerous trainers every night? A．The writer B．Dad C．Mum D．The big brother二、语法填空It’s not easy being your age, and it’s normal ____7____ (have) these feelings. Why don’t you talk about these feelings with your family? If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help. Maybe you could do more jobs around the house so that they have more ____8____ (time) for proper communication. Secondly, why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother? You should explain that you don’t mind ____9____ (he) watching TV all the time. However, he should let you watch your favorite show. I hope things will be better for you soon.A strong rainstorm spread across Alabama last weekend. Before the storm, Ben helped his dad make full preparation for the coming bad weather. While Ben’s dad ____10____ (put) pieces of wood over the windows, his mom was checking the flashlights and radio. When the rain ____11____ (begin) to beat heavily against the windows, Ben’s family were enjoyingtheir dinner. The following morning, the neighborhood was in a mess-fallen trees, broken windows and rubbish were everywhere. They joined the neighbors to help clean up the neighborhood together. ____12____ the terrible storm broke many things apart, it brought us closer together.三、完形填空Father and sonThe other day, I was sitting in the study and working on my website, a cup of tea on the table and old songs from my computer. It was a special pleasure to have such a ____13____ day after weeks of hiking, snowboarding and going crazy.“Hi dad! Want some orange juice, graybeard?” Coyote yelled (叫喊) to me much louder than____14____“No, just bring me some chips!” I shouted back.One time, when I misheard what he said three times in a row, he _____15_____that I had become too old and started to hear worse. Since then, yelling at me has become a kind of family joke.Pushing everything to the limit was the basis of Coyote's character. On one hand, it helped him to achieve tasks he had to do on his own, and he did great, making me proud of him. On the other hand, this brought him_____16_____, as he did not know when to stop. At such moments, I would behave super⁃fatherly, and give him advice and warnings that he usually ignored (忽视). When he wore a green haircut, I would try to convince (说服) him to paint it black. When he got a tattoo (纹身), we had a / an ____17____ . All these surely drove me mad, and the big fights started. It is strange but when I was a teenager, my father would act exactly the same and it took me a long time to understand him.“Dad, let me show you something,” Coyote said as he was getting back. “Don't get too ____18____ , okay?” I sighed (叹气), because I was almost sure of what I was about to see. When he _____19_____his T-shirt, I saw a new tattoo: some Buddhist symbol, Iguess.Coyote has been interested in Asian culture for a long time.“Control yourself, graybeard,” I said to myself, trying not to yell something like,“Why the hell would you need another tattoo after you already made that huge first one?”The next moment I realized that my yelling would not ____20____ anything; the tattoo was already on Coyote's skin.And then I thought: “Hey, what if I get a tattoo myself?”13．A．busy B．blue C．strange D．peaceful 14．A．needed B．expected C．accepted D．imagined 15．A．complained B．realized C．joked D．shouted 16．A．tiredness B．honors C．happiness D．troubles 17．A．agreement B．argument C．decision D．discussion 18．A．mad B．curious C．excited D．nervous 19．A．hid B．showed C．lifted D．hung 20．A．interrupt B．change C．test D．cost四、阅读单选When you cough or sneeze, you’d better turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. And then, you should say, “Excuse me.”This seems so simple, but it is surprising how many kids have never been told to do this. Actually, I notice adults all the time who cough and sneeze in public without placing a hand over the mouth. One important thing I point out to the kids is that after they sneeze or cough on their hands, they should wash their hands as soon as possible. If not, they will be passing those germs(细菌) along to everything and everyone they touch.If you come to a door and someone is following you, hold the door. If the door opens by pulling, pull it open, stand to the side, and allow the other person to pass through first, then you can walk through. If the door opens by pushing, hold the door after you pass through.After a few weeks of seeing kids try to get through doors in the school and watching them enter restaurants as the door hit other people, I knew I had to discuss the problem with my students. Teaching them small acts of kindness, such as letting someone else go through a door first as they hold it open, may seem unimportant, but it can go a long way toward helping students realize how to be polite and thank others. Once they’ve been told, they’re halfway there.When we have to go up moving stairs, we will stand to the right. That will give others who are in a hurry a choice of walking up the left-hand side of the moving stairs. When we are going to enter a lift, the underground, or a doorway, we will wait for others to exit before we enter.After college when I moved to London, I was surprised at how polite everyone was in the subways. I was even more touched when I traveled to Japan. In both places, people made efforts to make way for others. On moving stairs, everyone stood to the right and walked to the left. On lifts, everyone would stand over to the side and allow others to exit before they would begin to enter.21．When you cough or sneeze, you should ________.A．cover your mouth B．touch everythingC．point out to the kids D．pass the germs to others22．If you come to a door and someone is following you, you’d better ________.A．close the door B．pass through C．hold the door D．stand to the side 23．From the passage we can know the writer is a ________.A．doctor B．traveler C．parent D．teacherFailure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it is either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical (按字母顺序) order, never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can—then let the unconscious takeover.When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after day, I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relived, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.Human beings, I believe, must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired. 24．What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?A．Writing essays in strict order.B．Building up physical strength. C．Leaving out the toughest ideas.D．Dealing with the hardest task first. 25．On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?A．Before starting a difficult task.B．When all the solutions fail.C．If the job is rather boring.D．After finding a way out. 26．According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us ________.A．ignore mental problems B．get some nice sleepC．gain complete relief D．find the right solution27．What could be the best title for the passage?A．Success Is Built upon Failure B．How to Handle Performance Fatigue C．Getting over Fatigue: A Way to Success D．Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health ProblemsThe Teenage BrainParents, teachers, and others who deal closely with teenagers know how difficult the adolescent(青少年的) years can be. This was thought to be due to the “foolishness of youth.” Now, brain-imaging technology allows scientists to study the physical development of the brain in more details than ever before. Their discoveries have led a new theory of why teensact this way.Recently, scientists have discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of six, they are far from fully developed. Only during adolescence do our brains truly “grow up.” During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded. This “upgrade” was once thought to be finished by about age 12. Now scientists have found that our brains continue to change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing impulses (冲动) with following rules. But a still-developing brain does this clumsily (笨拙地). The result, scientists believe, is the unpredictable behavior seen in teenagers.The studies show that teens are more likely to take risks. Luckily, the news isn’t all bad. As brain scientist B．J. Casey points out, the teen brain inspires such behavior in order to help teens prepare for adult life.One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens measure risk and reward (回报).Researchers have found that when teens think about rewards, their brains release more of the chemicals that create pleasure. Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks, and makes teens feel the excitement of new experience.Research into the structure of the teen brain have also found that it makes social connection seem especially rewarding. As such, teens have a strong need to meet new people. Because it is still developing, a teen brain can change to deal with new situations. So it connects social rewards with even more pleasure. In this way, the brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make them more successful in life.Unluckily, this need for greater rewards can sometimes lead teens to make bad decisions. However, it also means that teens are more likely, and less afraid, to try new things or to be independent. And in the long run, the impulses of the teen brain are what help teens leave their parents’ care and live their own life successfully.28．According to Paragraph 2, what have the scientists discovered now?A．A changing brain helps follow the rules.B．Our brains finish upgrading by age of twelve.C．Our brains are fully developed by the age of six.D．A developing brain can cause unpredictable behaviors.29．The writer probably agrees that .A．teenagers should learn from their bad decisionsB．many teenagers are able to change their behaviorsC．the way the teen brain works makes them less afraidD．the impulses of a teenage brain should be controlled30．What can we learn from the passage?A．The teen brain makes risks less exciting.B．The impulse of teen brain can benefit teenagers.C．Teenagers with more friends are more successful.D．Teenagers make wrong decisions because of their brain.Diet drinks may taste good, but they might not bring happiness. A new study finds that people who drink diet sodas or fruit drinks are more likely to be diagnosed (诊断) with depression.The study doesn’t show that diet drinks cause depression and the researchers stress their findings don’t provide an explanation. They looked at more than 263,900 U.S. adults ages 50 to 71 who answered questions about their beverage （饮料）consumption（摄入量）between the years 1995 and 1996. About 10 years later (from 2004 to 2006), the same people were asked if a doctor had diagnosed them with depression since the year 2000.People who regularly drank four or more cans of any type of soda a day were 30 percent more likely to have received a diagnosis of depression than people who did not drink soda, said Dr. Honglei Chen of the National Institutes of Health, who led the study. The risk of depression was especially high for people who drank diet soda — a 31 percent increased risk compared to a 22 percent increased risk for those who drank regular soda, the researchers said.Those who drank four or more cans of diet fruit drinks were 51 percent more likely to be diagnosed with depression compared to those who did not drink diet fruit drinks.By contrast, people who drank four or more cups of coffee a day were 10 percent less likely to have been diagnosed with depression compared to non-coffee drinkers.The study only found an association, and did not determine （确定）whether diet soda or fruit drinks caused depression. Although the researchers took into account factors that could affect the results, such as age, sex, education, smoking status, physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and energy intake, it’s possible other circumstances, such as a familyhistory of depression or stressful life events, could explain the association.A family history of depression and stressful life events are some of the biggest predictors of depression, said Emma Robertson-Blackmore, assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Rochester Medical Center, who was not involved in the study. In addition, older people are more likely to experience stressful life events, including the death of a loved one, job changes or illnesses, Robertson-Blackmore said.However, the findings agree with those of a few previous studies that found a link between frequent consumption of sweetened beverages and a higher prevalence (流行程度) of depression, the researchers said. (Diet sodas and fruit drinks are sweetened, but their sweeteners contain no calories.)“More research is needed to confirm these findings, and people with depression should continue to take depression medications prescribed by their doctors,” said Chen. 31．People who drink four or more _______ every day are the most likely to feel depressed. A．cups of coffee B．cans of fruit drinksC．cans of diet soda D．cans of regular soda32．The underlined phrase “took into account” means ___________.A．checked out B．went throughC．drew a conclusion D．paid attention to33．What can we learn from Dr. Honglei Chen’s study?A．Diet drinks taste good but they don’t always bring happiness.B．Drinking a lot of diet drinks regularly will lead to depression.C．There is a close connection between diet drinks and depression.D．Stressful life events can explain why people may feel depressed.34．What is the purpose of the writer writing the article?A．To find out why diet drinking leads to depression.B．To present findings on diet drinking and depression.C．To warn us against drinking diet soda or fruit drinks.D．To suggest a healthy way of drinking for a better life.五、阅读回答问题We all know that running is good for our healthy. Have you ever thought that running is also good for the planet? Sometimes a creative mind can bring us a win-win situation.Plogging is becoming increasingly popular after it started as an organizational activity in Sweden (瑞典). What is plogging? It is a term referring to the act of picking up litter while jogging. The term “plogging” is created by combining the English word “jogging” and “plocka upp”, a Swedish term that means “picking up”.A Swedish man called Eric Ahlstrom started the movement. After moving from a Swedish ski resort to Stockholm, Eric noticed a lot of litter when he rode to work each day. So, he decided to do something about it. In 2016, Eric began organizing groups to pick up rubbish while jogging, and thus “plogging” was born. It spread to other countries in 2018, following increased concern about plastic pollution.Plogging is considered a perfect activity, as it is positive both for the body, and for the environment. There’s no doubt that moving your body will do great things for your health, and plogging will also add some extra moves like squatting (蹲下) or bending (弯曲) your body. According to a research, plogging for 10 minutes burns 48 calories, while usual jogging for 10 minutes burns about 39 calories.Plogging is a movement that anyone can join. To get started, choose plogging route that you know is heavily littered but still considered safe. Do not forget to bring your recyclable rubbish bags and gloves, as well as some hand sanitizer (消毒纸巾) if necessary. You can jog alone or in groups. You can do it early in the morning, or a bit before going to work, or even in the late afternoon. If you’re not much of a jogger, that’s okay! You can take a walk. Anything that suits you! It really does not matter whether you take a 2-mile jog or a 5-mile marathon, or just a 15-minute morning walk, the idea with plogging is that you do some physical exercise while helping to pick up litter!Every day, about 2 million people plog in over 100 countries. If you have a pair of gloves, a rubbish bag, and enjoy being outside, plogging may be right for you!35．What is plogging?__________________________36．Who started the movement of plogging?__________________________37．What do you need to bring when you plog?__________________________38．How many people plog in over 100 countries every day?__________________________39．Why is plogging becoming popular?__________________________六、材料作文40．“分担”是一种美德。
