Unit41、Can Men Handle Alcohol Better Than WomenDon: if I were you Yael, if I were a woman. that is I would reconsider that fourth drink you lust ordered You don't want a hangover tomorrowYael: I take offense to that Don Are you implying that because i'm a woman I can'thandle my alcohol as well as any man can7 That may be true for itty -bitty petite women, but i'rn six feet tall. taller than most men induding you Don And might even weigh more than you too I imagine that you're the one who needs to watch out for a hangoverDon: Well. Yael the average weight difference between women and men is one reason why women tend to get intoxicated faster, but there's more Women also tend to have more fat and less muscle than men. even tall women ThIS IS significant because musde tissue contains more water than fat does and alcohol dissolves in water and thus is diluted With about ten percent more waterin their bodies than women. men can drink more alcohol than women before becoming intoxicated in fact. studies show that women suffer worse hangovers than men too Men tend to experience more sweating and vomiting as a result of dnnking butoverall women suffer more, including dehydration. exhaustion, headaches. and nausea With every drink, women are reaching higher degrees of intoxication than their male counterparts and thus it makes sense that they're reaching higher degrees of hangover too Wlore research is needed though to determine for certain why women'shangovers are worse.Yael:Hmm.Maybe I'll order a pitcher of water with this last drink. Don:Good idea.2、Gender and MathPotter=Net Potter, Hyman:Suzanne Hyman; Hyde:Janet Hyde Anchor: Many leachers and parents have said it is sort of a lhought ingrained in lhe American psyche that the boys are better than giris at mathematics. But is it true? Thelack of women mathematicians. engineers and physicists has often be cited to prove of differences in sexes in malh performance Bulloday a team of researchers writing on the journal Science says the conventional wisdom is completely wrong. With our closer look here is ABC's Ned Potter.Girl A: Oh, Oh, Look! Look! We can do itPotter: 15 years ago it was an issue that fllled headlines that byhigh school giris were falling 15 poinis behind boys on the SAT college enirance exam Here's part of story ofours from 1994. But any time I see math, i just. I try and stay away from it.Potter: But something's changed This is Romone She was a baby when we did that first story Now she is building robots in a special course at the New Jersey institute of Technology. And she says she loves this stuff. What is it about math that you like? Romone: The fad is that I understand it There are some things sometimes I don'l have to study, actually it just comes natural to me.Potter: Researchers looked at test scores from more than 7 million kids grades 2 t0 11 and whatever differences they are used to be, they are now gone. What's happened? Among other things, hi-tech has turned cool with everyone lexting and downloading and some people getting very rich And teachers have been reaching out aggressively to the girls. urging them to get in on the action. 500 points for you.Hyman: Being interested in lhe science, engineering and lechnology does not makePotter: The result, for the first lime giris are taking malh as often as boys I feel like i'm learning a lot more this year:Hyde: We are not born knowing how to do calculus, and when giris take classes at the same rate as boys, we tend to gel a nearing of the gender gapPotter: Most of the American engineers are still men but thatis changing. Half of the kids who go on to get math degrees are now female. Net Potter3、When Wives Make MoreLauer: Matt Lauer; Chatzky:Jean Chatzky, Saltz:Gail SaltzDr Gail Saltz is a psychiatrist and Today contributor and Money Magazine'sJean Chatzky is Today's financial editor Ladies, good morning to both of youBoth: Good morning, MattSo you, you look at this statistics, you say, Ok. 25 percent of marriages right now, the woman earn, earns more than the man Great for women. great strides But if you also look at the fact that in those marriages the divorce rate is higher than in marriages where the man makes more, you realize you have a problem here Chatzky: You absolutely have a problem lt's making people onboth sides of the equation uncomfortable. women lust as much as men Money is power and power is masculinity This has so much to do with what your view of it means to be masculine and feminine lt's for both, it's very important for both because if you don't feellike your man as masculine, right? Then what does that say about yourfemininity?OK, just wait a second, we understand why the men get freaked out Just, coz' they've been taught to say I am the provider (Rightl) I am the protector But why exactlyChatzky: lt's guilt, it's guilt for leaving the household. going out, out-earning your spouse, depriving him of that masculinityI think it's exactly that Depriving him of that it's, it's imagined women could get to, what am I really guilty about They think they are robbing their husbands of his masculinityAnd at some point, don't they start to question whether their husbands reallytrying as hard as he should be, and, and is he a slacker in some cases?I think that's defensively somewhat to relieve their guilt Well maybe he's been a slacker, it's not me robbing him a bit But of course there is a wish to have an equal partner and feel provided for too on the part of the womanLet me get to some of the tips that you both come up with for how to make thiswork in an innerrelationship Think outside the box and I think what. what you mean there is, redefine what it means to the terms: masculine and feminineVery much so lt's that and it's also come look for other ways to make each other feel masculine and feminine So it doesn't have to be only about money being powerThere is time commitment; there is organization; there is nurturing What else do you provide in ways you can make each other feel those masculine and feminine roles Soltz: ExactlyChatzky: That's rightuauer: Don't feel guilty That's the other oneChatzky: Well, and it's what that guilt makes you do. that's the problem We've seen with women who out-earn their spouses, they come home and they take on a vast majority of the household chores which causes much more stress in the relationshipand they hand their paychecks over there is a new book out that shows women who out-earn their spouse just give the money to the guys and let them manage That's no good for anybody uauev So that they can have something that makes them feel masculine again They,they are running the household finance. so even if theyare not bringing in those, that moneyChatzky: RightSoltz: That's true And that, and that might not be a bad thing to say You could manage as long as the woman still knows where the money is and she has access to the moneyuauer: And by the way. you very rarely hear women who make a lot of money talking about the fact they make a lot of money You hear men talking about that all the timeThey avoid the subject, women?Chatzky: Right! We heard in the tape that women talking about the fact that she actually hides this This, this couple goes out to dinner She lets him pay the checks so he feels betterSoltz: You know, Matt, what matters so much is the roles of your family-of-origin So a woman might not feel comfortable talking about the money she's making if her motheruauer: By the way. this subject gets verl/ complicated when the wife becomes pregnant And the baby arrives, Now what about the maternity leave? if the wife is the.is the primarl/ breadwinner, how comfortable is she gonna be even considering being astay-at-home mom?Chatzky: Right and because you have to run the numbers inadvance and you have to really explore the options And we are not talking about the good point of this which isthat this gives the family overall some additional flexibility (Lauer: Options ) to figure out who should be working at which point And if your lines of communication are open, then you can really use these to your advantageuauev But again, more of these marriages end in divorce than traditional types of marriages, so there are clearly some issues to be dealt with Gail and Jean, thanks very muchChatzkv: Sure4、Computer Science and WomenWhen you hear the term, "computer geekr what image immediately pops into mind? is the geek in your mind's eye a woman? Probably notThere's a reason that the stereotype of the computer geek is almost always depicted as male Around the worid, significantly more men than women work in computer scienceSociologists understand that the underrepresentation of women in the sciences and mathematics isn't simply a matter of women stinking at these subjects or lacking interest in them ifwomen believe they aren't talented in science and math or that these subjects don't hold interest for them, this is in part a result of the widely circulated belief that these subjects come more naturally to men Women are thought to be better suited to fields such as education and healthcare Women who dare choose a career in the sciences or in math are likely to experience prejudice from their male colleagues, as well as from the community atlarge Sociologists found it curious though that the degree to which women are underrepresented in computer science varies largely from one industrialized country to another Women are much better represented in computer science in South Korea, ireland, and Turkey than in the Czech Republic, Germany, or Belgium, for exampleWhy the difference? What South Korea. ireland. Turkey. and the United States all have in common is that governmental education requirements insist that giris and boys alike complete a significant number of science and mathematics courses in order to graduate from high schoolAs a result of such requirements. giris are able to judge from experience whether their interests and talents lie in science and math rather than letting gender stereotypes decide for them6、Women Playing a Major Role in AfghanJami: Rahima Jami; Abirafeh : Lina Abirafeh; Yelenek : Emily YelenekReporter: Rahima Jami is a high school principal from Herat province, running for parliament in Afghanistan's first legislative elections in decades Ms Jami is an advocate for women's rights, but on this day, she is addressing an audience of men only Jami: I have tried first to get the men to listen and then the women I noticed this brought me good results Because in Afghan society. if a man can agree with what a woman says. this is excellent, then we all can agreeReporter: Ms Jamiis one of several hundred women among some 3.000 candidates running for parliament in Sunday's elections When the Taleban regime seized power in 1996, it barred women from working and giris from studying Women were often beaten if they went outside without wearmg a head-to-toe burqaBut since U S -led forces ousted the Taleban government in 2001, Afghanistan has set up a democratic system of government and the lives of many women have been improved Under the new Afghan law. women are guaranteed one quarter of the 249 national assembly seats Lina Abirafeh. who works on the UnitedNations and Afghangovernment group organizing Sunday's elections, says women are already playing a more prominent role in publiclifeAbirafeh: lt's important to look at how far Afghanistan has come in such a short time.There is a ver\/ progressive quota in place and this quota, 25 percent of the seats (inparliament) reserved for women was decided in the Afghan constitution by Afghans themselves So there is an initiative by Afghans to promote women. to level the playing field and women understand that they have a right and a responsibility to play an active Reporter: Still, women candidates face obstacles above and beyond those ofAfghanmen in this conservative Muslim societ,} Taleban insurgents have threatened to kill women taking part in the election On Wednesday. a female candidate in eastern Nuristan province survived an assassination attempt after attackers fired at her while she was campaigning A recent report by the rights group, Human Rights Watch, in New York says that in some Taliban stronghold provinces, several seats will remain empty because there are so few women candidates The group warns of an "underlying climate offear among many voters and candidates,especially in rural areas " And in a country where most people YorK says tnat in some TaIIDan strongnoid provinces, several seats will remain empty because there are so few women candidates The group warns of an "underlying climate offear among many voters and candidates, especially in rural areas " And in a country where most people are illiterate, civic education officers like Emily Yelenek must teach voters their basic rights Yelenek: Peop!e are interested but a lot of women dorVt understand what this election is about and what the parliament actually means So it's our job really to explain to people you know, what the elections are and what the parliament means, what the Wolesi Jirga(Lower House) is, what the provincial councils do and, you know. what their rights are fundamentallyReporter: Many people. like this woman from Herat province, also complain they do not know anything about the candidatesDuring the Taliban years. the countW broke down, there were no schoolsSo people emigrated to iran and Pakistan and other countries Now they have just returned. some aren't even from Herat, and we don't know who these candidates areReporter: Whatever the outcome on Sunday, observers say that theelections will be a critical test of women's freedom to take part in AfghanistarVs political life7、Why do Men liveRabi:Robi Ludwing, Steve: Steve SantagatiWoman: My husband does notlie to me Most men lie. but my husband doesn'tlieMan: Of course, everybody liesHost: Robi Ludwing is a psychotherapist Steve Santagati is with Men's Journal Goodmorning to both of youRobi: Good morningSteve: Good morningHost: Ok, let's start this off Everybody lies, (that's true)men. men and womenRobi: No, I haven't seen it; in fact, women and lie. probably. women and menprobably lie at the same amount But women and men lie about different things Sowhen women lie. it's usually more complimentary or altruistic, the white lies, they are kind of nice to make you feel better . (you're lovely to make this way) according to the studies That's right Steve: Women are only giving white lies according to the website when you did at home?Host: Wow Santagati is often winning No, it's lust Robi: And men. I have got it already. i'm not even winning myself And men lie about self-aggrandizing themselvesSteve: So. in any event, she's outrageous hereHost: What will men ( do) to take care of ourselves?Steve: We, so lying started as a servile technique and it went a little crazy, men. a lot of times, will lie because when we tell women the truth, they are going nutsHost: So it's that Jack Nickelson(a famous actor)--you can't handle the truth (Well. They can handle it )Robi: They do avoid it, but it's not only the women Men lie to other men They lie about sex. they lie about how much they made, they lie to make themselves feel better Lying is a(This. all right ) way to increase one's self-esteemSteve: She is making a scene a lot worse than what we really are We lie because men, our whole thing, is to be powerful And we don't wanna seem vulnerable, and we don't wanna seem weakSo if we lie a little, you knowRobi: And alsoHost: Was it, was it. when it comes to the man and woman thing,(Yeah ) is it because men don't like confrontation. we can't say we tell this. this, this white lie. for example. Did this jeans make me look fat?Robi: Right, exactly (Never tells truth )And that's a great, and that's a great point Sometimes lies are not deliberate, they are spontaneous So a man feels like he's being put on the spot in the moment and he comes up with something that won't hurt another person's feeling So it's not all ill-intendedSteve: Not rightly so, you showed it as there is a time. there is a time to lie. and there is a time to tell the truthRobi: When is it the time to lie. Steve?Steve: When, when the truth. when the truth is either going to be unproductive, ur, destructive orjust doesn't really matter for the situation whatever it might be the timeRobi: And there are different kmds of lies I meanHost: I am gonna say is it ok, are there times when it's ok to lie because look, i've got kids and I tell them it's not ok to lie, (Right Right ) but where we do and say two different thingsRobi: Right, you know, white lies you don't wanna get yourself introuble Obviously, you don't want hurting another person's feeling But if folk, if you are chronicallylying about very important things, then it interferes with having trust in a relationship And without trust you can't have a good relationship it interferes with the foundationHost: But now I see you talk about, when you are seeing a woman(Right ) that you really like and you start off telling the truthSteve: That's rightHost: Something happensSteve: When you start telling the truth. and all of a sudden, the way we should response to lt's so dramatic and it adds so much aggravation of the relationship She started building a liar Women can build liars by the way when they react Let's say for example I tell you the truth and you don't like the truthRobi: Right, Like in the green roomSteve: Think Like in the green room Think, breathe and talk to me like an adult and I will tell you the truth every single time But ifI see that you are acting crazy. I wanna be like en, en, Alie is easierRobi: I actually, I am in agreement with Steve You know, if you urh. pretend a littlebit(all right, I am not a liar ) l might be lying But if you basically can handle, and let a person know listen, I am open to hearing what you have to say Then you are more likely hear the truth from somebody who isn't inclined to be honest that our people. No matter how you react or what you do,(they are gonna lie to you) They just. they just want to lie because they can't deal with realitySteve: And I think the big thing is to tell the truth when it's really important. and you'IIUnit51、Washington State's TWD: Texting While DrivingWalte=Chana Joffe Walte, Diamond=Jen Diamond, Stone=Linda Stone Anchor: Okay, be honest. When was the last time you got lost driving and called a friend on your cell phone to get directions? Or dialed your spouse to give a heads-up that you were stuck in traftic? Five states have passed legislation banning calls on hand-held cell phones while driving. Now, Washington State has gone one step further; it has passed the first explicit ban on text-messaging while driving Chana Joffe Walte reports.Walte: When she starts driving, Jen Diamond in Seattle first has to get to the right radio station Then directions.GPS: Your entire route is now shown Continue to follow .Walte: Then, her four-year-old Elijah has requests from the backseat, lots of them. I want to listen to Beastie Boys now.GPS: Take the next left turnWalte: Then, recovering the grapes from Elijah, who is now dropping them on the floor There are also toys rolling up under Jen's feet, and, of course, the never-ending pounding in her back.You're kicking my chair, EliWalte:And then, a text message from her partner "Close to home?" Jen texts back, 'five minutes: And then Actually, that last part didn'treally happen But, it could when the text messaging ban in Washington State goes into effect January lst, 2008 But everything that did happen - the DJ-ing, GPS-ing and beating the kids - all stilllegal,Diamond: One of our magazines that we got said you shouldn't do anything other than drive wHle you're driving, but nobody does that Walte: Really? No one just pays attention to driving? i jumped out of Jen's pimped-out mom van and enter Linda Stone's BMW to find out Woman: So we're on the highway (Okay) Let's see what people are doing Stone: We're in spy mode, and you're our spy leaderWalte: My spy follower, Linda Stone, is an ex-software executive who's now a tech consultant, writing a book about attention At first, we only see minor offences: a girl doing her hair. some guy eating chips, but then, we hit traffic, and the criminals come out of the woodworkWoman: That woman is text-messaging, right thereStone: She isWoman: in the HondaStone: She's totally stopped and text-messagingWoman:AndlookingdownatherlapWalte: OK. OK, I know that's bad But i'm gonna' play the role of a rule-obsessed five year-old here for a minute and ask the obvious: what about the guy we just saw reading the paper? How come that's not banned? Or the woman we see flossing her teeth? The closed-eyed singing or thetons of people we see eating? There are hundreds of things we do in our car that are potentially dangerous distractions But Linda Stone says the ban on text-messaging is symbolic She says it represents a larger push to do one thing at a timeStone: We're looking at different ways to protect our time You see the signs all around of people carmg more about protection and quality oflife Walte: Signs like how everyone and their mom does yoga nowadays And literal signs that say "no cell phones" in restaurant or even some stores Stone says the text ban is part of finally declaring: Enough is enough Stone: I think that if someone had tried to legislate this even five years ago, there's no way that they would have been able to pass this bill And I think that it's because people are so ready to start making changes Walte: For those of you in Washington State who are not ready to start making2、Spanish Plane CrashHedblom:Marcus Hedblom; Goglia:John Goglia, Done:Kevin Done Anchor: lt's one of Spain's deadliest commercial plane crashes More than 150 people dead, fewer than 20 survived A Spanish jet liner taking off from the capital city of Madrid, veered off the runway and crashedTonight, as investigators try to figure out what caused it, the families of passengers are trying to find out who's dead and who's alive it was sheer pandemonium Grief-stricken family members were in shock when Man: it was all about helping out people, there were dead people The fire fighters would ask us, "Could you help with the stretchers?" Basically. we were all helping out, looking out to see if there were any survivors Anchor: Emergency crews scrambling to the smoky scene. trying to save passengers on that plane And officials doing what they could to bring calm in the face of chaosHedblom: I would just like to say that we are extremely sorry and. uh. our thoughts are with the families. and we will do everything we can to support them through this very. very difficult periodAnchor: The words are a little comfort after an air disaster like this The MD82 aircraft had been filled nearly to its 172-passsenger capacity Most of them were Spaniards, a few Germans heading to the Canary islands, and two infants as well The plane few Germans heading to the Canary islands, and two infants as well The plane reportedly had takeoff problems from the beginning because of a technical issueWoman: When I spoke to my sister at two pm, she said that the plane was delayed due to a blinking red light After a while, she said that the plane was about to depart, and I asked if the plane was switched She said no Anchor: On the second attempt, the left engine caught fire The jet liftingup briefly, before smashing into a ditch Raging flames kept rescuers at bay The few survivors they could reach were badly burnedGoglia: During takeoff, especially at this point in the takeoff role. the aircraft has the maximum amount of fuel it's going to have at any other point in the flight. so that there's always an mcreased risk of fire at this point of timeAnclior: Spanair says the plane had passed its annual inspection in January. and until now, there had been no reports of problems These are turbulent times at Spanair. Spain's second largest airlines its parent company cut jobs and flights because of high fuel bilisDone: They've been trying to find a buyer for it, that hasn't worked For now they'reAnclior: Just this morning, Spanair's pilots threatened to strike, protesting what they called "organized chaos" at the airline Twenty-year-old Spanair has had a strong safety record, not a single fatality until this - the deadliest aviation accident in Spain since 19853、Gridlock--Hell on WheelsCarey:Drew Carey, Lipking:Josh Lipking, Nguyen:Ted Nguyen; Allen:CedricAllenCarey: Hi. i'm Drew Carey here. at the corner of Sunset and Highland in Los Angeles, California, one of the worst intersections in all of Los Angeles lt's only quarter after four They already have a traffic cop in the middle of the intersection directing traffic; he's here all the time Traffic goes all the way back in each direction - blocks and blocks -there's no end in sight to it Ah, Los Angeles. along with a lot of other cities, like Portland. San Francisco. Minneapolis, you know, traffic is the number one concern, number one complaint from the people living here And. like a lot of places in America, it's only gonna' get worseCarey: [on the radio] And you can't have a car driving you there either I don't want to hear from Harvey Weinstein about how bad his commute is Man l: I hear people say this: The number one reason they'd want to move out of L A is the trafficCarey: Yeah, but you guys like congestion 'cause it keeps people listening to your radioMan l : Yeah, no. we rarely admit thatCarey: Well, we heard plenty of traffic sob stories and finally found our contest winner Meet graphic artist. Josh LipkingLipking: That's when, you know. i'm getting' this heart pumphin your chest, start toCarey: But he tries to make most of the time he spends stuck in traffic Lipking: So this is a great little tool: one-hand flosser And it's slowenough where, you know, people putth on their makeup. people shaving I had chicken for dinnerlast nightCarey: You know, if you get tired of the traffic in L A , you can always take the bus if you have a day and a half to get to workLipking: Oh. i've used transitCarey: Josh actually gave his car away and used public transit for over a year, but it turned out the bus was even slower than drivingLipking: The transit out here is stuck in the trafficCarey: So Josh eventually bought another car Josh lives only 16 miles from work, but it often takes an hour and a half to get to the office At the end of the day. it's the same fight to get back home - three hours a day No one should have to live like this We've got to find a way to speed up JosWs commute Yeah Maybe the Drew Carey Freeway would look something like this snazzy, double口deck toll road in Tampa. Florida Or. maybe i'd build my road underground Here's a tunnel that's being built in Paris Tunnels that run underneath Australian cities helpCarey: So, let's build the Josh Lipking Tunnel. double-deck one of the freeways he uses Or. hey. how about building some special express lanes, like the one accountantCedric Allen uses The 91 Express Lanes isn't your typical toll road A private company built it in the middle of the 91 Freeway in Orange County, California The express lanes run right next to the regular lanes.。
