非谓语动词作宾补
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高考英语之非谓语动词作宾补宾补——宾语补足语,即对宾语的补充说明。
这种语法现象出现频率很高,但是,不是所有动词都有宾补。
非谓语作宾补的形式也不尽相同。
本文详细讲解了高考考点的相关内容。
下面举些简单的宾补例子。
例如:——The dog keeps me happy. 那只让我很开心。
(形容词作宾补)——Don’t let me at home 不要让我待在家。
(介词短语作宾补)——We made him monitor. 我们选他作班长。
(名词作宾补)1.to do 作宾语补足补。
(1)某些特定词后接宾语,再接to do 作宾补。
句中的宾语常为非谓语的逻辑主语,即宾语发出非谓语的动作。
表主动,将要。
形式为:V.+ sb./sth. to do.例如:——Your mom asked you to go home and have dinner.你妈妈叫你回家吃饭。
解析:you 发出to go 和have 动作,即两者之间为主动关系。
表将要。
——Parents don’t allow their children to eat too much sugar.父母不允许他们的孩子吃太多的糖。
解析:children 发出to eat 动作,表主动,将要。
—— Students are not allowed to swim in the river.学生们不允许到河里游泳。
解析:将此被动句变成主动句:——not allow students to swim in the river. 所以还是to swim 作宾补。
常用的同类动词:advise 建议allow /permit 允许beg 祈求require/ request/demand 要求ask 询问,要求cause 导致encourage鼓励expect 盼望forbid 禁止force 强迫intend 意图invite 邀请order 命令persuade 说服prefer喜欢teach/instruct教remind提醒tell告诉want想要warn 警告wish 希望promise 答应注:下列词,用在被动句中,做主语补足语。
非谓语动词作宾补考点解析一、不定式作宾补不定式作宾补时,宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,不定式表将来、主动。
常用不定式作宾补的动词(短语):advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。
例:If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on.如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯,我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。
注意:有些动词,如think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。
例:Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
在sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+to do/to have done结构中,不定式用作主语补足语。
例:He is thought to have acted foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。
现在要为他的失业负责的不是别人,而是他自己。
二、分词作宾补1.现在分词作宾补时,动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系,且强调正在进行的主动动作。
非谓语动词作宾语,宾补1、动词+doing 动+宾enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事spend...doing sth. 花费…做某事be busy doing sth. 忙于做…imagine sb. doing sth. 想象…做某事can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事feel like doing sth. 想要做某finish doing sth. 完成做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事miss doing sth. 错过做某事suggest doing sth. 建议做某事keep (on) doing sth. 保持(继续)做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事be worth doing sth. 值得做某事consider doing sth. 考虑做某事2、介词+doing 介+宾(be good at doing sth 擅长做某事be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣insist on doing 坚持做某事put off doing 推迟做某事be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事without doing sth. 没有做某事think about doing sth. 考虑做某事What / How about doing 做某事怎么样look forward to doing sth. (盼望)pay attention to doing sth. (注意)be used to doing sth. (习惯于)prefer doing sth to doing sth.(更喜欢)devote to doing sth (致力于)make a contribution to doing (做贡献)~3、动词+to do 动+宾,不定式作宾语decide to do sth. 决定做某事want ∕would like to do sth. 想做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事need to do sth. 需要做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事afford to do 能做某事be used to do 被用来做can’t wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事make up one’s mind to do 下决心做某事used to do 过去常常做某事fail to do 失败做某事4、常用带to 的不定式作宾语补足语ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事^expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 告诫某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事5、不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语使役动词和感官动词后:feel/ hear, / let ,make, have, / see, watch, notice + sb + do/doing sth+ do表示动作的完整性,+doing 表示动作的进行性。
非谓语动词作宾语补足语定义:宾语补足语通常是位于宾语之后,说明宾语的状态、特征的成分,多由名词,形容词、副词、不定式,动名词个分词充当.如:The sun keeps us warm.We call her Jenny.They found him out.Make yourself at home.They wish you to go with them.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语,宾语和宾语补足语之间在逻辑上往往有主表、或者主谓的关系.一、动词不定式作宾补。
1.V1 + sb. + to do sth.常用动词有:advise 建议allow 允许ask 叫,请bear 忍受beg 乞求cause 导致command 命令encourage 鼓励expect 期待forbid 禁止force 迫使get 使hate 讨厌help 帮助intend 想要invite 邀请leave 让like 喜欢mean 打算need 需要oblige 迫使order 命令permit 允许persuade 说服prefer 宁愿request 请求remind 提醒teach 教tell 告诉trouble 麻烦want 想要warn 警告wish 希望wait for 等would like 想要would love 想要would prefer 宁愿persuade (劝说)sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth温馨提示:1.advise, forbid,allow, permit 这四个词后既可以直接加动名词作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语补足语,即构成doing sthadvise/ forbid/ allow/ permitsb to do sth2.fear, excuse, refuse, insist, hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand, thank, arrange 等动词后不可接sb to do sth。
非谓语动词做宾补xx年xx月xx日contents •概述•分类•动名词作宾补的用法•不定式作宾补的用法•现在分词作宾补的用法•过去分词作宾补的用法•练习与巩固•总结与回顾目录01概述是指在句子中不能单独作谓语的动词,包括不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
是指在句子中,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语,共同充当句子宾语。
非谓语动词宾补定义与特点非谓语动词做宾补的基本结构为:主语+谓语+宾语(非谓语动词)+宾语补足语。
非谓语动词做宾补时,需要与前面的宾语在逻辑上保持一致,即非谓语动词的动作执行者应该是前面的宾语。
语法结构类型非谓语动词做宾补主要分为以下三种类型现在分词做宾补:表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生。
不定式做宾补:表示动作的一次性完成或未来的动作。
动名词做宾补:表示动作的经常性或习惯性的动作。
02分类意思明确动名词作宾补表意明确,强调动作的完成和结果。
时态一致动名词作宾补时,时态通常与主句谓语动词保持一致。
形式多样动名词作宾补的形式包括一般式、完成式和被动式。
形式多样不定式作宾补的形式包括一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。
省略to在某些动词后,作宾补的不定式可以省略to。
动作未发生不定式作宾补表示的动作尚未发生或即将发生。
现在分词作宾补动作进行中现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行中。
与主句谓语动词关系现在分词作宾补与主句谓语动词存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
时态一致现在分词作宾补时,时态通常与主句谓语动词保持一致。
过去分词作宾补动作完成过去分词作宾补表示动作已经完成。
与主句谓语动词关系过去分词作宾补与主句谓语动词存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
时态一致过去分词作宾补时,时态通常与主句谓语动词保持一致。
01020303动名词作宾补的用法动名词作宾补是动词的非限定形式之一,在句子中可以作为宾语补足语,补充说明宾语的动作或状态。
动名词通常由动词原形+ing构成,例如:reading a book。
动名词作宾补在句子中可以表达一种主动的意思,例如:I enjoy living inthe city。
非谓语动词作宾语补足语定义:宾语补足语通常是位于宾语之后,说明宾语的状态、特征的成分,多由名词,形容词、副词、不定式,动名词个分词充当.如:The sun keeps us warm.We call her Jenny.They found him out.Make yourself at home.They wish you to go with them.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语,宾语和宾语补足语之间在逻辑上往往有主表、或者主谓的关系.一、动词不定式作宾补。
1.V1 + sb. + to do sth.常用动词有:advise 建议allow 允许ask 叫,请bear 忍受beg 乞求cause 导致command 命令encourage 鼓励expect 期待forbid 禁止force 迫使get 使hate 讨厌help 帮助intend 想要invite 邀请leave 让like 喜欢mean 打算need 需要oblige 迫使order 命令permit 允许persuade 说服prefer 宁愿request 请求remind 提醒teach 教tell 告诉trouble 麻烦want 想要warn 警告wish 希望wait for 等would like 想要would love 想要would prefer 宁愿persuade (劝说)sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth温馨提示:1.advise, forbid,allow, permit 这四个词后既可以直接加动名词作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语补足语,即构成doing sthadvise/ forbid/ allow/ permitsb to do sth2.fear, excuse, refuse, insist, hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand, thank, arrange 等动词后不可接sb to do sth。
非谓语动词作宾补
考点一感官动词see/ watch /observe/look at/hear/listen to/
notice等和使役动词have 后面的宾补。
分两种情况:
(一)当宾语与宾补存在逻辑上的主动关系时,动词原形
(省略to的不定式)表完成;doing表主动正在进行;
(二)当宾语与宾补存在逻辑上的被动关系时,done与宾语
表示完成或没有一定的时间性;being done 表示正在进行。
如:
1 I heard her sing an English song just now . 刚才我听到她唱
了一首英文歌。
2 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday .
昨天经过她房间时,我听到她在唱一首英文歌曲。
3 I heard an English song being sung when I passed by her room yesterday .
昨天经过她房间时,我听到她在唱一首英文歌曲。
4 I’d like to see my plan carried out . 我想看到这个计划被执行。
注意:不及物动词的过去分词表示完成或状态I looked down at my
necklace and found my necklace gone .
对应练习: When I passed by the hall , I heard the clock ___ twelve .
A strike
B stuck
C sticking
D to strick
用动词的适当形式填空:At that moment I saw him ____________ (cross) the street .
I was glad to see the children well ____________ (take) care of . 考点二let的复合结构:1 Let + 宾语+ do 让...做...
2 Let + 宾语+ be + done 让...被...
例如:Don’t let your child p lay with matches .
Let the work be done immediately .
考点三leave 的复合结构,意为:使。
处于某种状态
1 leave sb doing sth 让某人一直...
(宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的主动关系,表示动作正在进行)
2 leave sb to do sth 留下某人去做某事
(宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的主动关系,不定式动作表将来)
3 leave sth to be done 留下某事要做
(宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的被动关系,不定式表将来被动)
4 leave sth undone 留下某事未作(
宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的被动关系,
表示被动和完成。
常见的宾补动词有undone/unfinished/unsettled/untouched等)
It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running
He left , leaving me to do all the work .
We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving our problems to be settled .
The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious .
考点四have / get “使、让、叫”。
其后可以用不定式
,现在分词、过去分词作宾补
1 have/get sth done 使/让某事由别人做(叫/让某人做某事)
I’ll have / get my bike repaired tomorrow .我明天得
(请人)修一下我的自行车。
2 have sb do sth = get sb to do sth 使/让某人去做某事
如: Mother got me to go to the shop and buy some salt .
3 have sb/sth doing 使...持续地...= keep sb /sth doing .
如:I’m sorry to have /keep you waiting so long .
4 get sb/sth doing 使某人/某物开始。
如:The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest .
休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵开始朝前线行进起来。
考点五make +宾语+do /done do作宾补时,与宾语表示
主动关系(变被动语态时需要加上to);done作宾补时,
与宾语表示被动关系;如:They made Jack admit stealing the money .
他们让杰克承认偷了钱。
Jack was made to admit stealing the money .杰克被迫承认偷了钱。
He had to raise his voice to made himself heard .
为了让别人听到他,他不得不提高了声音.
对应练习:In order to make herself ___________ , Miss John had to explain it again .
A understand
B to understand
C understood
D understanding
考点五下列动词和动词词组常用不定式做宾补,
即“动词/动词词组+sb +to do sth ”
advise/allow/ask/beg/cause/encourage/expect/forbid/force/get/intend/invite/
order/want / warn 等,
如:(1)The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat .
(2)You are not allowed to smoke here .(被动语态)
对应练习:The teacher asked us ________ so much noise .
A don’t make
B not make
C to not make
D not to make。