蓖麻毒素的分离、提取及活性研究

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蓖麻毒素的分离、提取及活性研究

本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。据我所知,除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果,也不包含为获得四川大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文作了明确的说明并表示谢意。 本学位论文成果是本人在四川I大学读书期间在侯太平教授指导下取得的,论文成果归四川I大学所有,特此声明。

警2007@z衙4户j/杉 四川大学硕}。学位论文蓖麻毒素的分离、提取及活性研究 农药学专业 研究生:高杉

指导教师:侯太平 本研究以蓖麻毒素灭鼠为目的,以小白鼠活性实验为筛选指标,研究了从蓖麻种子中分离蓖麻毒蛋白的方法,实现了对蓖麻毒素的最优提取,并利用得到的蓖麻籽粗提物对小白鼠进行灭鼠试验,来模拟高原鼠兔的灭鼠效果评价。最终在野外大面积应用实验中,取得了比较满意的效果。 以蓖麻籽为原料,通过选用不同物质做浸提剂,单独研究了各种浸提剂对蓖麻毒素的最佳提取方法,在综合对各浸提剂在其最佳提取条件下的提取蓖麻毒素的效果后,最终确定,0.2mol/L的磷酸缓冲液在对去皮蓖麻籽的质量体积比为l:3(g/m1)时,浸提24小时后,所得混合物4000rpm离心30min,小心除去油脂,以及离心所剩的渣滓,保留清液,在清液中加入(NH4)zS04盐析剂到80%饱和度,盐析24小时,10000rpm离心30min,再经透析,真空干燥后所得蓖麻毒素(粗毒)产率最高,同时该提取方法还兼顾到蛋白的稳定性及整个提取流程的经济性,正是要寻找的最佳工艺路线。 应用提取出的蓖麻毒素(粗毒)对小白鼠做活性实验,’结果表明,蓖麻毒素对小鼠腹腔注射的LD∞为7.971ug/kg,其主要药效成分为蓖麻毒素。蓖麻毒素使小白鼠中毒后无明显异常反应,不容易造成拒食现象,能够提高灭鼠效率。而小白鼠从腹腔注射后30h开始出现死亡,直到96h后均有死亡,说明本毒饵是高效、慢性灭鼠刻。 针对JlI西北高原的主要害鼠一高原鼠兔,应用蓖麻毒素灭鼠剂进行了野外 四川r大学硕上学位论文防治实验,在大面积实验中,该粗毒以1%浓度配制毒饵对高原鼠兔的校正灭效为85%以上。小区实验的灭效在90%左右。通过连续半个月的观察,未发现鹰等天敌出现二次中毒现象,对受试绵羊也无明显影响,禁牧期后,未发现对牲畜造成危害。这些都充分说明,蓖麻毒素灭鼠剂在应用中是具有安全保障的。, 上述研究结果说明,蓖麻毒素灭鼠剂作为一种新型的灭鼠剂,无二次中毒,对牛、羊等对非靶标生物未见明显危害,比较安全、无残毒,不造成环境污染。不失为一种优良的安全无公害灭鼠剂。关键词:蓖麻毒素;提取分离;LDso;高原鼠兔;灭洞率 四JI『人学硕}。学位论立 Extraction and Research on Bioactivity of Raw Toxin of Ricious Major:Pesticide Science Graduate:GAO Shan

Tutor:HOU Tai—ping The paper mainly study the deratization by riein.It takes the whitemouse’s activeness experiment as the indicator,study methods andtechnology of

extraction of ricin from the caster bean.Finally,findout the optimum way of extraction.and using the crude extract of ricin,I study the killing efficacy to the white

mouse,simulated the plateaurodents to deratization effect appraisal.At last,in the big area applledexperiment,this rodenticide has obtained the quite satisfactory

effect. Choose caster bean as the raw material。through selects the differentextracting agents to soak,after study the bset method of withdrawingricin by each kinds of t extracting agents,and contrast extractingefficacy

under the bset condition,finally determin,the optimum

methodof extraction is:extracted with 0.2mol/L PBS(caster bean:PBS,qualityvolume

ratio is I:3(g/m1)),After soak for 24 hours,obtained mixture4000 rpm centri fugated 30min,degrease careful ly,remove the sediment油ich the

centrifugal remains,keep the clear 1 iquid,and use(NH4)2S幽salted out in the 1 iquid to 80%degree of saturation,After salting—out 3 四川大学硕}:学位论文24 hours,i0000 rpm centrifugaate 30mia,dialysis and vacuum drying.theproduction rate of ricin(crude extract)iS highest,simultaneously thiSwithdraw method alSO

give dual attention to the protein stability andeconomical efficiency of extraction method.So it precisely iS

the bestcraft route which we seeked. Using the ricin(crude extract)to study the white mouse activenessexperiment,finally indicated,the LD50 of ricin which injects to themouse abdominal cavity

is 7.971 ug/kg,the main component of rodenticideis ricin.After the ricin causes the white mouse to be poisoned.the r=eis not obviously abnormity responded,that is not

easy to create theantifeedant phenomenon,that can enhance the killing mouse efficiency.The results shows that racin iS a slowly and highly effective toxin sincethose treated whi te mouse general ly di ed between 30h and

96h. In view of the host critical mouse…Ochotona curzoniae in thewestern—north Sichuan plateau。applicated experiment in the big area wastaked,using racin as the main

componet.the results show the averagecontrolling rates are over 85%.The killing rate for Ochotona curzoniaeiS about 90%in the plot experiment.Through continuously

observationin half month—long,we had not discovered secondary poisoning on naturalenemy like hawk.The treated sheep alSO not obviously to be affected,after prohibition of grazing period,we has not discover the harm to thedomestic animal.These all

fully explained that,the ricin rodenticidehas the safety control in the application. The above findings shows

that,as one kind of new rodenticide,thericin rodenticide has not secondary poisoning,safe and high efficacy.So.it’S a promiSing rodenticide to apply to wide areas.Key words:ricin,extraction and separation,LDs0,Ochotona curzoniae, the killing rate for Ochotona curzoniae 4

【『q川人学硕I:学位论文 前言 蓖麻(Ricinus

communYs L.)属大戟科蓖麻属,是十大油料作物之一。我国蓖麻种植面积约47万公顷,蓖麻籽年产量30万吨,居世界第2位。蓖麻籽榨油后的饼粕富含多种氨基酸、矿物质,可作为牲畜的优良饲料,但蓖麻籽中含有的蓖麻碱、毒蛋白、变应原和血球凝集素等毒素对牲畜有较强的毒性,不能直接被利用。因此,寻找有效提取蓖麻籽中的毒素的方法将会极大地提高蓖麻资源的综合利用程度,产生更大的经济和生态效应。 蓖麻毒蛋白(Ricin)是蓖麻种子中的一种毒蛋白,含量占籽重的1%-5%。在1887年,Dixson首次证明了蓖麻籽的毒性是由一种蛋白引起的:19世纪后叶,Stilimark详细地研究了这种毒素蛋白,并建议命名为“Ricin”。此后,蓖麻毒蛋白的理化性质和生物学特性引起了许多生化学家的兴趣和关注。研究表明,蓖麻毒蛋白对所有哺乳动物的有核细胞都有毒害作用,它通过抑制蛋白质合成来杀死癌细胞,这使它在医学上成为用于杀伤肿瘤细胞的候选毒素之一。Ricin是迄今为止天然药中最毒的蛋白之一,几乎对所有真核细胞都有毒性。它以往主要用于治疗肿瘤的研究,在作为灭鼠剂应用上尚未见报道。 有资料显示,川西北高寒草场