山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017_2018学年高一生物下学期3月月考试题2018100

青西新区胶南一中2017级“冬学”英语学科竞赛测试题一、完形填空（每小题1.5分）1When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarship. Having been a Straight-A student, I believed I could __1__ tough subjects and really learn something. One such course was World Literature given by Professor Jayne. I was extremely interested in the ideas he 2 in class.When I took the first exam, I was 3 to find a 77, C-plus, on my test paper, 4 English was my best subject. I went to Professor Jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained_5 .I decided to try harder, although I didn’t know what that 6 because school had always been easy for me. I read the books more carefully, but got another 77. Again, I 7 with Professor Jayne. Again, he listened patien tly but wouldn’t change his 8 .One more test before the final exam. One more 9 to improve my grade. So I redoubled my efforts and, for the first time. 10 the meaning of the word “thorough”. But my11__ did no good and everything 12 as before.The last hurdle(障碍) was the final. No matter what 13 I got, it wouldn’t cancel three C-pluses. I might as well kiss the 14 goodbye.I stopped working head. I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would. The night before the final, I even 15 myself to a movie. The next day I decided for once I’d have 16__with a test.A week later, I was surprised to find I got an A. I hurried into professor Jayne’s office. He 17__ to be expecting me. “If I gave you the As you18 , you wouldn’t c ontinue to work as hard.”I stared at him. 19 that his analysis and strategy(策略) were correct. I had worked my head 20 , as I had never done before.I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A-plus. It was the only A-plus given. The next year I r eceived my scholarship. I’ve always remembered Professor Jayne’s lesson: you alone must set your own standard of excellence.1. A. take B. discuss C. cover D. get2. A. sought B. presented C. exchanged D. obtained3. A. shocked B. worried C. scared D. anxious4. A. but B. so C. for D. or5. A. unchanged B. unpleasant C. unfriendly D. unmoved6.. A. reflected B. meant C. improved D. affected7. A. quarreled B. reasoned C. bargained D. chatted8. A. attitude B. mind C. plan D. view9. A. choice B. step C. chance D. measure10. A. memorized B. considered C. accepted D. learned11. A. ambition B. confidence C. effort D. method12. A. stayed B. went C. worked D. changed13. A. grade B. answer C. lesson D. comment14. A. scholarship B. course C. degree D. subject15. A. helped B. favored C. treated D. relaxed16. A. fun B. luck C. problems D. tricks.17. A. happened B. proved C. pretended D. seemed18. A. valued B. imagined C. expected D. welcomed19. A. remembering B. guessing C. supposing D. realizing20. A. out B. over C. on D. off2I will always love my mother. During the last four years of her Mom fought a brave but 21 battle against cancer. During that time she lost her health, her hair, and 20 pounds. She was in and out of the hospital more times than I could count. In the end as her life’s 22 faded away we all 23 at her bedside and said goodbye. She was only 55 years old.For a long while after he death I was depressed and 24 at God. My own health 25 and I caught double pneumonia. 26 my body healed and my heart as well. It was the love of my children that 27 pulled me out of my despair and helped me to begin to live again. 28 , I continued to ask God why my Mom had to die so young.Only years later I began to 29 clearly what Mom had done in those last four years of her life. 30 cancer was beating her body, it certainly wasn’t beating her soul. Mom li ved as she had 31 lived before. Even with cancer she worked outside our home and 32 the lives of her co-workers with her gentle, humor and kind spirit. She reconnected with old friends she hadn’t seen in years and made 33 memories with each one of them. She and my Dad 34 closer than I had ever seen them before. There was a 35 and a tenderness between them that moved us all. During her time with us she 36 our souls with her love and she helped us to grow37 enough to go on without her.In her last four years Mom 38 her mission here. She showed us how to love God. She showed us how to meet death. She showed us that fear always flees in the face of 39 . She showed us that to live life is to love life, no matter how much pain you have and no matter how much time you have 40 . thanks Mom! I will always love you.21. A. winning B. shameful C. respectful D. losing22. A. energy B. talent C. power D. ability23. A. looked B. gathered C. lay D. reached24. A. scared B. sad C. angry D. amazed25. A. ran out B. turned down C. help up D. broke down26. A. In time B. In advance C. In between D. In turn27. A. immediately B. repeatedly C. frequently D. eventually28. A. Thus B. Just C. Still D. Even29. A. expect B. see C. notice D. acquire30. A. While B. Since C. Once D. As31. A. always B. almost C. never D. ever32. A. lived B. devoted C. supported D. touched33. A. similar B. vague C. special D. clear34. A. stayed B. grew C. sat D. approached35. A. love B. patience C. honesty D. wisdom36. A. brightened B. carried C. widened D. polished37. A. smart B. considerate C. strong D. faithful38. A. called off B. completed C. made D. put off39. A. drawback B. encouragement C. pain D. optimism40. A. spent B. spared C. left D. remained二、阅读理解（每题 2 分）ATwenty years ago, I drove a taxi for a living. One night I went to pick up a passenger at 2:30 AM. When I arrived to collect, I found the building was dark except for a single light in a ground floor window.I walked to the door and knocked, “Just a minute,” answered a weak, elder ly voice.After a long pause, the door opened. A small woman in her eighties stood before me. By her side was a small suitcase.I took the suitcase to the car, and then returned to help the woman. She took my arm and we walked slowly toward the car.She k ept thanking me for my kindness. “It’s nothing,” I told her. “I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated.”“Oh, you’re such a good man.” She said. When we got into the taxi, she gave me an address, and then asked, “Could you drive through downtown?”“It’s not the shortest way,” I answered quickly.“Oh, I’m in no hurry,” she said. “I’m on my way to a hospice(临终医院). I don’t have any family left. The doctor says I don’t have very long.”I quietly reached over and shut off the meter(计价器).For the next two hours, we drove through the city. She showed me the building where she had once worked, the neighborhood where she had lived, and the furniture shop that had oncebeen a ballroom where she had gone dancing as a girl.Sometimes she’d ask me to slow down in front of a particular building and would sit staring into the darkness, saying nothing.At dawn, she suddenly said,” I’m tired. Let’s go now.”We drove in silence to the address she had given me.“How much do I owe you?” she asked.“Nothing.” I said.“You have to make a living,” she answered. “Oh, there are other passengers,” I answered.Almost without thinking, I bent and gave her a hug. She held onto e tightly. Our hug ended with her remark, “You gave an old woman a little moment of joy.”41. The old woman chose to ride through the city in order to ______.A. show she was familiar with the cityB. see some places for the last timeC. let the driver earn more moneyD. reach the destination on time42. The taxi driver did not charge the old woman because he ______.A. wanted to do her a favorB. shut off the meter by mistakeC. had received her payment in advanceD. was in a hurry to take other passengers43. What can we learn from the story?A. Giving is always a pleasure.B. People should respect each other.C. An act of kindness can bring people great joy.D. People should learn to appreciate others’ concern.BDomestic (驯养的) horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police. But early horses weren’t tame (驯服的) enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today.Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication.As people began to tame and ride horses, they chose to keep those animals that had more desirable characteristics. For example, people may have chosen to keep horses that had a gentle personality so they could be ridden more easily. People who used horses to pull heavy loads would have chosen to keep stronger animals. Characteristics like strength are partly controlled by the animals’ genes. So as the domesticated horses reproduced, t hey passed the characteristics on to their young. Each new generation of houses would show more of these chosen characteristics.Modern day horse breeds come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. This variety didn’t exist in the horse population before domestication. The Shetland horse is one of the smallest breeds—typically reaching only one meter tall. With short, strong legs, the animals were bred to pull coal out of mine shafts (矿井) with low ceilings. Huge horses like the Clydesdale came on the scene around 1700. People bred these heavy, tall horses to pull large vehicles used for carrying heavy loads.The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, horse were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. The new from of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world.44. Before domestication horses were ______.A. caught for sportsB. hunted for foodC. made to pull ploughsD. used to carry people45. The author uses the Shetland horse as an example to show ______.A. it is smaller than the Clydesdale horseB. horse used to have gentle personalitiesC. some horses have better shaped than othersD. horses were of less variety before domestication46. Horses contributed to the spread of culture by ______.A. carrying heavy loadsB. changing farming methodsC. serving as a means of transportD. advancing agriculture in different areas47. The passage is mainly about _______.A. why humans domesticated horsesB. how humans and horses needed each otherC. why horses came in different shapes and sizesD. how human societies and horses influenced each otherCDear Hamilton,We are fortunate that in such a large, high-pressure office we all get along so well. You are one of the people who keep the social temperature at such a comfortable setting. I don’t know anyone in the office who is better liked than you.You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contributions towards gifts for employees’ personal-life events is becoming a little troubling. Certainly, the group sending of a gift is reasonable now and then. In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral（葬礼）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.It’s not only the collected-from who are growing uncomfortable (and poor), but the collected-for feel uneasy receiving gifts from people who don’t know them outsid e the office, who wouldn’t even recognize their graduating children, their marrying daughters and sons, or their dead relatives.This is basically a kind gesture (and one that people think well of you for), but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in today’s office setting.Thank you for understanding.48. The underlined word “contributions” probably means ________.A. moneyB. suggestionsC. reportsD. understanding49. Hamilton is expected to _______.A. show more kindness.B. discontinue the present practiceC. quit being the organizer for gift givingD. know more about co-workers’ families50. This is basically a letter of ________.A. apologyB. sympathyC. appreciationD. dissatisfactionDWhen it comes to friends, I desire those who will share my happiness, who possess wings of their own and who will fly with me. I seek friends whose qualities illuminate（照亮）me and train me up for love. It is for these people that I reserve the glowing hours, too good not to share.When I was in the eighth grade, I had a friend. We were shy and “too serious” about our studies when it was becoming fashionable with our classmates to learn acceptable social behaviors. We said little at school, but she would come to my house and we would sit down with pencils and paper, and one of us would say:“Let’s start with a train whistle today.” We would sit quietly together and write separate poems or stories that grew out of a train whistle. Then we would read them aloud. At the end of that school year, we, too, were changing into social creatures and the stories and poems stopped.When I lived for a time in London, I had a friend, He was in despair(失望)and I was in despair. But our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry later if we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at the time. We met every Sunday for five weeks and found many excellent things. We walked until our despairs disappeared and then we parted. We gave London to each other.For almost four years I have had remarkable friend whose imagination illuminates mine. We write long letters in which we often discover our strangest selves. Each of us appears, sometimes in a funny way, in the other’s dreams. She and I agree that, at certain times, we seem to be parts of the same mind. In my most interesting moments, I often think:“Yes, I must tell….”We have never met.It is such comforting companions I wish to keep. One bright hour with their kind is worth more to me than the lifetime services of a psychologist（心理学家），who will only fill up the healing（愈合的）silence necessary to those darkest moments in which I would rather be my own best friend.51. In the eighth grade, what the author did before developing proper social behavior was to ______.A. become serious about her studyB. go to her friend’s house regularlyC. learn from her classmates at schoolD. share poems and stories with her friend52. In Paragraph 3, “We gave London to each other” probably means ______.A. our exploration of London was a memorable gift to both of usB. we were unwilling to tear ourselves away from LondonC. our unpleasant feeling about London disappearedD. we parted with each other in London53. According to Paragraph 2, the author and her friend _______.A. call each other regularlyB. have similar personalitiesC. enjoy writing to each otherD. dream of meeting each other54. In the darkest moments, the author would prefer to ______.A. seek professional helpB. be left aloneC. stay with her best friendD. break the silence55. What is the best title for the passage?A. Unforgettable ExperiencesB. Remarkable ImaginationC. Lifelong FriendshipD. Noble CompanionsAI built my BBS for the blog competition and disappeared for a long time. Now I just want to take it as my mood board, recording my life in another nation.It’s quite an expected and challenging chance for me to spend one year in the USA. I am a little bit dependent person and easy to miss hometown. Therefore, I need to learn how to be independent and control myself in a sense.The first challenge is cooking. I cannot cook before as we, most young people, are treated well at home and eat in canteens or restaurants, while we have to learn cooking for ourselves since it’s not easy to overcome for me to eat fast food here every day. After the master and two-year PhD studies, I have grasped the skills for doing experiments, so I can cook not that badly via those “talents”. I felt so proud with my masterpieces.The second challenge is going outside. I live in a quite small city without subway, taxi or even public bus (except school catbus). It’s quite inconvenient to live here without a car. However, I have no driving experience in China though I got the license six years ago. I don’t want to spend such a long time to practice it. My friends are very friendly and they drive me to the supermarket and go hiking with me, which makes me a little bit upset or embarrassed as a “bubble” between she and her boyfriend. On the other side, the lack of taking public transportation experience made me so confused when I first went to NYC for a conference. Fortunately, I met several nice guys and they showed me the correct ways. I am looking forward to walking or transporting around on weekends.The third challenge is overcoming loneliness. It’s hard to say why I may feel lonely even though I have Chinese roommates. I still cherish the dream last night that I went back to China even though for experiment purpose...I will work harder to realize my goal and return without any pity.56. Why does the writer use her BBS again?A. To take another competition.B. To disappear for some time.C. To take it as a way to study.D. To keep a record of her foreign life on it.57. How did the writer learn cooking?A. She learned cooking by herself.B. She learned cooking from a cook in a restaurant.C. She learned cooking from books at university.D. She learned cooking from her mother at home.58. What can we learn from paragraph 2?A. The writer bought a car and practiced driving it.B. Going outside on weekends is a terrible thing for the writer.C. The writer’s friends helped her a lot when she went outside.D. The transport is quite convenient where the writer lives.59. What kind of person is the writer?A. Positive.B. Self-centered.C. IndependentD. Weak-mindedBA bullying（欺凌）incident at a primary school in County Armagh, Northern Ireland should not be brushed off as “a joke that went too far”; rather, facts should be dug out and action should be taken to prevent similar events from happening on campus again, according to experts.Dr. Lewis-Snyder, a psychologist specializing in children’s growth issues, said schools should be careful about taking bullying incidents as mere tricks.“Instead, they should work to find out the root cause of the incident in a timely manner, guide the children involved to face and handle the incident in a correct way and teach them to behave properly to avoid-similar situations,” she said.She made the comments after a mother in Armagh posted a description on Face-book on Thursday of how her 11-year-old son was bullied at school, a top school in that area.The mother wrote that her fifth-grade son was the target of bullies who threw a toilet wastepaper basket at him, striking him in the head. The boy was also fooled by his classmates, she said, bringing on acute stress disorder, a mental illness caused by severe anxiety.The mother also wrote that the school described the incident as “a joke that went too far” and that the parents of the boy who threw the basket believed their son was “just being naughty”.The article went viral, with many internet users recalling being bullied at school.Dr. Lewis-Snyder said that schools and parents must pay more attention to the ethical（道德的）development and mental health of children, rather than just looking at their academic performance.The Department for Education, together with a group of other departments, released a series of guidelines last month offering advice on how to deal with the problem.On Saturday, the school involved released a statement on its social media account saying that it had talked to the parents on both sides and would make further efforts to achieve an outcome satisfactory to all parties.60. What can we know from the mother’s description?A. The schools didn’t take the bullying incident seriously.B. The bullying incident caused little harm to her 11-year-old son.C. The parents of the bully felt quite guilty for their son’s behav ior.D. Many other students were also bullied in that school.61. What does Dr. Lewis-Snyder suggest about the bullying incidents?A. Schools should find out the fact and punish the bully seriously.B. Schools should take the responsibility to educate the students to perform properly.C. The government should take action to stop such events happening on campus.D. Parents needn’t care about their children’s academic performance.62. What’s the social reaction to the bullying incident?A. People were indifferent to it.B. It aroused anger on the Internet.C. It caused panic among parents.D. It brought about widespread attention.63. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Most internet users had the experience of being bullied at school.B. The school involved tried to keep the truth from the public .C. The school has taken measures to deal with the incident.D. All the school bullying incidents are caused by classmates conflicts.DA group of Chinese technicians, can be seen working hard among the watermelon fields in the blinding sunlight of Laos（老挝）every January. Two months later, these watermelons will be sent to Xi’an, the starting point of the Silk Road.Every autumn, these so-called “migratory birds（候鸟）” - technicians from Kouzhai village in southwestern China’s Guizhou province - fly to Laos to plant watermelons and return to China next spring to start their own farm work.Yang Canxi, former Kouzhai village Party chief who is also an agricultural technician, said the village was lifted out of poverty through its strength in agricultural technology.He said Kouzhai village was the first to promote small-sized watermelons in the country, and it introduced a new technology to grow watermelons from the newly generated vines after harvesting the old ones, thus doubling the sale to 13,000 yuan, ($2,190) per unit area.In 1997, an official from Laos came to Yang for agricultural training. Twenty professionals were sent to provide watermelon planting skills services there, he said.“At that time, much of the land in Laos was dry and bare except for that used to grow rice. The locals saw technicians plant watermelon and even gave them the nickname of Chinesewatermelon princes”, he said.Each technician earned roughly 10,000 yuan in the first year, which was increased to 20,000 yuan a year later.“Villagers flew into my office, asking to go abroad too,” he said.The business was soon expanded to Laos where Yang Guangyue, 30, and some friends decided to begin their own business in 2013.The local credit cooperative lent them 800,000 yuan to establish a 13-hectare watermelon base in Laos, which was expected to gain roughly two million yuan a year.“Laotians were also hired to work in the watermelon fields and they learned planting skills from us,” he said.Yang Canxi said now half of the income of Kouzhai village comes from this way of working.64. Why do the technicians fly to Laos every year?A. Because they want to enjoy the warm sunlight of Laos.B. Because they need transport watermelons from Laos to Xi’an.C. Because they go to Laos to plant watermelons.D. Because their own land was dry and bare.65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Both Laos and Kouzhai village benefit from planting watermelons.B. The income of the technicians doubled the next year in Laos.C. The technicians are called watermelon princes because they are handsome.D. It’s hard to expand the business in Laos.66. What’s the best title of the passage?A. “Birds” fly out to work in Laos.B. Changes of Kouzhai village.C. Friendship between Kouzhai village and Laos.D. Watermelon planting in Kouzhai village.AThe earthquake affected the students of the destroyed areas in many ways: losing parents, being scared and feeling lonely. How can we help them? Teens reporter talked with Lin Dan, the program director of the Sunshine in Your Heart Project at the Red Cross Society of China.How will the earthquake affect the teenagers mentally?They'll have feelings of fear, anger and feel they are not safe. They will find it hard to focus. They will tend to cry and shout and tremble. And they might be afraid to be alone.What will happen if they are not helped?The teenagers will find it hard to live in a balanced way. If things get worse, they might not be able to focus on their studies. They might give up on life.How can we help them overcome these problems?The first thing is to build up trust with them. Show your sympathy and sadness, and be their friends. Then you have to give them a sense of safety. Tell them that there's a solution to every problem. Thirdly, try to satisfy their psychological needs. Be a good listener if he or she needs to talk.Some of them were not directly affected by the quake but have seen images on TV and feel scared. What should they do?Talk with an adult or share their feelings with someone who might feel similar. If this doesn't help, then they should see a doctor for professional help.A. The Scare Caused by the EarthquakeB. Dealing with the Pain Left behind after the EarthquakeC. How to Get a Sense of SafetyD. The Psychological Needs68. The underlined word “psychological” in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to “________”.A. mentalB. physicalC. materialD. professional69. From the passage, we can infer that ________.A. the scare caused by the earthquake can be relieved quicklyB. seeing a doctor is the most important measure to deal with the problemsC. the images on TV can also affect people and even cause problemsD. to help them overcome these problems, we should always talk with themBSurviving Hurricane Sandy (飓风桑迪)Natalie Doan, 12, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. “It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned violent. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges closed.When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. V olunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.“My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me，”Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”Natalie's choice was to help.She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick's collection was replaced.In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids：Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie，who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person .Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars(创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway，but hope is in the air. The streets are clear，and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,”Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”70. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found ________.A. some friends had lost their livesB. her neighborhood was destroyedC. her school had moved to BrooklynD. the elderly were free from suffering71. According to Paragraph 2，who inspired Natalie most?A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild.B. The people trapped in high-rise buildings.C. The volunteers donating money to survivors.D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.72. How did Natalie help the survivors?A. She gave her toys to other kids.B. She took care of younger children.C. She called on the White House to help.D. She built an information sharing platform.。

2017-2018学年山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学高一下学期3月月考数学试题（测试时间：2018年3月28日上午）一、选择题：1．已知点()()0,1,3,2A B ，向量()4,3AC =--，则向量BC = ( )(). 7,4A -- (). 7,4B (). 1,4C - (). 1,4D2.一个单位有职工800人，其中具有高级职称的160人，具有中级职称的320人，具有初级职称的200人，其余人员120人，为了解职工收入情况，决定采用分层抽样的方法，从中抽取容量为40的样本，则从上述各层中依次抽取的人数分别是( ) A ．12,24,15,9 B ．9,12,12,7 C ．8,15,12, 5 D ．8,16,10,63.对某商店一个月内每天的顾客人数进行了统计，得到样本的茎叶图，则该样本的中位数、众数、极差分别是( )A ．46,45,56B ．46,45,53C ．47,45,56D ．45,47,534.已知向量()()1,,3,2a m b ==-，且()a b b +⊥，则m =（ ）. 8A - . 6B - . 6C . 8D5.若样本1231,1,1,,1n x x x x +++⋅⋅⋅+的平均数是10，方差为2，则对于样本1232,2,2,,2n x x x x +++⋅⋅⋅+，下列结论正确的是( )A ．平均数是10，方差为2B ．平均数是11，方差为3C ．平均数是11，方差为2D ．平均数是10，方差为3 6.下列向量中可以作为基底的是（ ）()(). 0,0,1,2A a b ==- ()(). 1,2,5,7B a b =-=()(). 3,5,6,10C a b ==()(). 2,3,4,6D a b =-=-7.已知四边形ABCD 的三个顶点(02)A ，，(12)B --，，(31)C ，，且2BC AD =，则顶点D 的坐标为（ ） A ．722⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，B ．122⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭， C ．(32)， D ．(13)，8.为了了解某校高一学生的视力情况，随机地抽查了该校100名高一学生的视力情况，得到频率分布直方图如图，由于不慎将部分数据丢失，但知道后5组频数和为62，视力在4.6到4.8之间的学生数为a ，最大频率为0.32，则a 的值为( )A ．64B ．54C ．48D ．279.已知向量()2,2OA =，()4,1OB =，在x 轴上有一点P ，使AP BP 有最小值，则P 点坐标为( )(). 3,0A - (). 3,0B (). 2,0C (). 4,0D10.已知ABC ∆是边长为1的等边三角形，点E D ,分别是边BC AB ,的中点，连接DE 并延长到点F ，使得EF DE 2=，则AF BC 的值为（ ）5. 8A -1.8B 1. 4C11.8D11.在平行四边形ABCD 中，,E F 分别是,BC CD 的中点，DE 交AF 于H ，记AB a =，BC b =，则AH =（ ）24.55A a b - 24. 55B a b + 24. 55C a b -+ 24. 55D a b --12．在ABC ∆中，已知向量AB 与AC 满足0AB AC BC AB AC ⎛⎫⎪+= ⎪⎝⎭且12AB AC AB AC =，则ABC ∆是( )A ．等边三角形B ．直角三角形C ．等腰非等边三角形D ．三边均不相等的三角形二、填空题：13.已知()()2,3,4,3A B -,点P 在线段AB 上，且32A P PB =,则点P 的坐标为__________14. 已知向量(6,8)a =-且满足10-=⋅则b 在a 方向的投影为 15.已知某种商品的广告费支出x （单位：万元）与销售额y （单位：万元）之间有如下对应数据：根据上表可得回归方程ˆˆˆybx a =+，其中ˆ7b =，据此估计，当投入10万元广告费时，销售额为___________万元； 16.已知向量2,3a x x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭与()2,3b x =-的夹角为钝角，则实数x 的取值范围___________ 三、解答题：17.已知平行四边形ABCD 三点坐标分别为1,0A （-），31B （，-），1,2C （），13AE AC =, 13BF BC =（1）求点,E F 及向量EF 的坐标（2）用向量法证明//EF AB .18.已知,,a b c 在同一个平面内，且()1,2a = （1）若25c =，且//c a ，求c ；（2）若5b =，且()()22a b a b +⊥-，求a 与b 的夹角及23a b + 19.下表提供了某厂节能降耗技术改进后生产甲产品过程中记录的产量x (吨)与相应的生产能耗y (吨标准煤)的几组对照数据：(1)(2)请根据上表提供的数据，用最小二乘法求出回归方程ˆˆˆybx a =+； (3)已知该厂技改前100吨甲产品的生产能耗为90吨标准煤．试根据(2)求出的线性回归方程，预测生产100吨甲产品的生产能耗比技改前降低多少吨标准煤？参考公式：()()()1122211ˆˆˆn ni i i i i i nn i ii i x x y y x y nx y b x x x nx ay bx ====⎧---⋅⎪⎪==⎪⎨--⎪⎪=-⎪⎩∑∑∑∑20. 如图，在ABC ∆中，若(2,0)A ，()3,4B -，点C 在边AB 上，且OC 平分BOA ∠． （1）求BOA ∠的余弦值； （2）求点C 的坐标．21.某班100名学生期中考试语文成绩的频率分布直方图如图所示，其中成绩分组区间是：[)50,60，[)60,70，[)70,80，[)80,90，[]90,100．(1)求图中a 的值；(2)根据频率分布直方图，估计这100名学生语文成绩的众数、中位数、平均分（结果保留一位小数）；(3)若这100名学生语文成绩某些分数段的人数()x 与数学成绩相应分数段的人数()y 之比如下表所示，求数学成绩在[)50,90之外的人数.22.已知向量1a b ==,且()30ka b a kb k +=->,令()f k a b =⋅. ⑴求()f k a b =⋅（用k 表示）；⑵当0k >时, ()221tx tx f k k--≥对任意的x R ∈恒成立，求实数t 的取值范围.青西新区胶南一中2017级下学期第一次月考数学试卷参考答案一、选择题：1-5ADADC 6-10 BABBB 11-12 BA 二、填空题： 13.163,55⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭14. 1- 15.85 16.()1,00,22⎛⎫-⋃ ⎪⎝⎭三、解答题： 17.解：（1）设(),E x y ，()1,0A - ()1,AE x y ∴=+………………………1分[KS5UKS5U]又()2,2AC =………………………2分13AE AC =1123123x y ⎧+=⨯⎪⎪∴⎨⎪=⨯⎪⎩………………………3分解得1323x y ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩12,33E ⎛⎫∴- ⎪⎝⎭ ………………………4分同理7,03F ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭………………………6分 82,33EF ⎛⎫∴=- ⎪⎝⎭………………………8分（2）()4,1AB =-，82,33EF ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭32AB EF ∴=………………11分//EF AB ∴………………12分18.解：（1）设(),c x y =，25c =2220x y ∴+=①………………1分又因为()//,1,2c a a =20x y ∴-=②………………2分 由①②得：24x y =⎧⎨=⎩或24x y =-⎧⎨=-⎩…………………4分()2,4c ∴=或()2,4c =--………………5分（2）()()22222320a b a b a a b b +⊥-∴+⋅-=………………6分225,12b a ==+=5253204θ⨯+-⨯=………………7分解得：cos 1θ=-………………8分[]0,θπ∈，a 与b 的夹角为π………………9分()222223234129a b a b a a b b +=+=+⋅+……………10分554512944=⨯-⨯=……………11分 52a b ∴+=………12分19. (1)散点图，如图所示：…………………3分(2)由题意，得413 2.5+43+54+6 4.5=66.5i ii x y==⨯⨯⨯⨯∑，………………4分34564.54x +++==，2.534 4.53.54y +++==，42222213+4+5+6=86ii x==∑………7分∴266.54 4.5 3.566.563ˆ0.7864 4.58681b-⨯⨯-===-⨯-………………8分∴ˆˆ 3.50.7 4.50.35ay bx =-=-⨯=………………9分（每个数算对得1分） 故线性回归方程为ˆ0.70.35yx =+………………10分 (3)现在生产100吨产品消耗的标准煤为0.71000.3570.35⨯+= (吨)，……11分故耗能减少了9070.3519.65-= (吨)标准煤．………………12分 20.解：（1）由题意得：()()2,0,3,4OA OB ==-………………2分()23043cos 255OA OB AOB OA OB⨯-+⨯⋅∴∠===-⨯……………4分（2）设点(),C x y ，由OC 平分BOA ∠可得：cos cos AOC BOC ∠=∠ 即：OA OC OB OC OA OCOB OC⋅⋅=………………5分2034225x y x yy x +-+=∴=①………………7分 又点C 在AB 上，即,AC BC 共线，()()2,,3,4AC x y BC x y =-=+-………………8分4580x y ∴+-=②………………10分由①②得：48,77x y ==………………11分48,77C ⎛⎫∴ ⎪⎝⎭………………12分 21.(1)由频率分布直方图知()20.020.030.04101a +++⨯=，解得0.00a =.……………2分(2)由频率分布直方图知： 这100名学生语文成绩的众数6070652+==.……………3分 ()0.0050.04100.45,+⨯=所以中位数位于第三个小矩形内.……………4分0.50.450.05-=设边长为x ,则0.030.05 1.7x x ⋅=∴≈所以这100名学生语文成绩的中位数70 1.771.7=+=.……………6分 这100名学生语文成绩的平均分为550.00510650.0410750.0310850.0210950.0051073⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯=………8分(3)由频率分布直方图知语文成绩在[)50,60，[)60,70，[)70,80，[)80,90各分数段的人数依次为0.005101005⨯⨯=，0.041010040⨯⨯=；0.031010030⨯⨯=；0.021010020⨯⨯=.……………10分由题中给出的比例关系知数学成绩在上述各分数段的人数依次为1455; 4020; 3040; 2025234⨯=⨯=⨯=……………11分故数学成绩在[)50,90之外的人数为()100520402510-+++=（人）. ……………12分 22.（1）1a b ==,且()30ka b a kb k +=->,222222236k a ka b b a ka b k b ∴+⋅+=-⋅+()214k f k a b k +∴=⋅=……………3分 （2）由 ()222211214tx tx k tx tx f k k k k--+--≥∴≥ 因为220485k k tx tx >∴≥--对任意的x R ∈恒成立，……………5分20k >24850tx tx --≤恒成立…………6分[KS5UKS5U]i ）当0t =时，50-<，显然成立……………7分ii ）当0t ≠时，()20644450t t t <⎧⎪⎨∆=-⨯⨯-≤⎪⎩504t ∴-≤<……………9分综合以上：504t -≤≤……………10分AH。

山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017-2018学年高二数学下学期3月月考试题 理一、选择题（每小题5分，共60分）1．若曲线ln y kx x =+在点1（，k ）处的切线平行于x 轴，则k= ( ) A ．－1 B ．1 C ．－2 D ．22．函数f (x )的定义域为开区间(a ，b )，其导函数f ′(x )在(a ，b )内的图象如图所示，则函数f (x )在开区间(a ，b )内的极值点有( )A ．1个B ．2个C ．3个D ．4个3．若()f x 在R 上可导,,则2()2'(2)3f x x f x =++，则3()f x dx =⎰（ ）4．A. 16 B. -18 C. -24 D. 544．若函数()f x kx Inx =-在区间()1,+∞单调递增，则k 的取值范围是（ ） A. (],2-∞- B. (],1-∞- C. [)2,+∞ D. [)1,+∞5．若方程330x x m -+=在[0,2]上有解，则实数m 的取值范围是（ ） A ．[2,2]- B ．[0,2] C ．[2,0]- D ．(,2)-∞-∪(2,)+∞ 6．函数)(x f y =的图象如下图所示，则导函数)('x f y =的图象的大致形状是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．7．()f x 是定义在非零实数集上的函数，'()f x 为其导函数，且0.2220.222(2)(0.2)(log 5)0'()()0,,,20.2log 5f f f x xf x f x b c >-<==时，记a=则 （ ） A.a<b<c B.b<a<c C. c<a<b D.c<b<a8.过点（1,-1）且与曲线32y x x =-相切的直线方程为（ ） A. 或B.20x y --=C. 或4510x y ++=D. +20x y -=9．已知函数32()f x x bx cx =++的图象如图所示，则212-x （x ）等于（ ） A ．32 B ．34 C ．38 D ．31610．已知f(x)＝2x 3－6x2＋m(m 为常数)在[－2,2]上有最大值3，那么此函数在[－2,2]上的最小值是( )A.－37B.－29C.－5D.以上都不对11．函数()22, 0,4,02,x x f x x x -≤⎧=-<≤，则()22f x dx -⎰的值为 （ ） A. 6π+ B.2π- C.2π D. 8 12．已知函数()()32,5a fx g x x x x ==--,若对任意的121,,22x x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,都有()()122f x g x -≥成立,则实数a 的取值范围是A. [)2,∞+B. ()2,∞+C. (),0∞-D. (],1∞-- 二、填空题（每小题5分，共20分）13．已知函数11()(,)212ax f x x +=-∞-+在内单调递增，则实数a 的取值范围是 __ ．14．函数()y f x =的图象在点()()2,2M f 处的切线方程是28y x =-，则()()'22f f =__________．15．曲线y ＝log 2x 在点(1,0)处的切线与坐标轴所围三角形的面积等于________．16．如图是函数()y f x =的导函数()y f x ='的图象，给出下列命题：O 2x 1x yx 1 2①()y f x =在0x =处切线的斜率小于零； ②2-是函数()y f x =的极值点；③()y f x =在区间()2,2-上单调递减. ； ④1不是函数()y f x =的极值点．则正确命题的序号是____．（写出所有正确命题的序号） 三、解答题（共70分）17.（本小题10分）若函数f(x)= xe x在x=c 处的导数值与函数值互为相反数,求c 的值.18．（本小题12分）求曲线y ＝x 2和直线x ＝0，x ＝1，y ＝t ，t ∈(0,1)所围成的图形的面积的最小值．19．（本小题12分）某超市销售某种小商品的经验表明，该商品每日的销售量y （单位：件）与销售价格（单位：元/件）满足关系式，其中，a为常数，已知销售价格为元/件时，每日可售出该商品件．若该商品的进价为元/件，当销售价格为何值时，超市每日销售该商品所获得的利润最大．20.（本小题12分）设函数f (x )＝2x 3＋3ax 2＋3bx ＋8c 在x ＝1及x ＝2时取得极值．(1)求a ，b 的值；(2)若存在0x ∈[0,3]，有f (0x )<c 2成立，求c 的取值范围．21．（本小题12分）已知函数()()1ln f x ax x a R =--∈． （1）讨论函数()f x 在定义域内的极值点的个数；（2）若函数()f x =0在区间1e ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦，e 上有两个解，求a 的取值范围。

山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017-2018学年高一英语下学期3月月考试题第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题,每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)1. Where is the woman going this afternoon?A. The beachB. The job centerC. The shopping mall2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At the railway stationB. On the train.C. On a bridge.3. How long does David stay abroad in all?A. 9 DaysB. 11daysC.16 days4. What is the man doing?A. Making a call.B. Making a visitC.Making an appointment.5.What does the woman think of the science museum?A. ExcitingB. TiringC. Boring第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6. What does the woman say about the restaurant?A. The food is not freshB. The price is reasonable.C. The meat tastes best7. Why does the man suggest the woman do?A. Try the cherry pieB. Try his favorite meatC. Eat less vegetables.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。

8.What is the woman probably?A. A writerB. A reporter.C . A tour guide.9. What is on the man's right?A. A statueB. A parkC. A palace听第8段材料回答第10至12题10. what does the man consider first when choosing a suitcase?A. Its brand and materialB. Its size and styleC. Its price and color.11. What does the woman say about the wallet?A. It's on sale these daysB. It's made of real leather.C It's popular and can be folded12. How much will the man pay for what he has bought in total?A. 580 yuanB. 620 yuanC. 700 yuan13. what do we know about the woman?A. She lives close to the officeB. She is new to the companyC. She likes the big kitchen14. How does the man go to work?A. By bus.B. On foot.C. By car.15. Why was Susan late for work?A. She missed the busB. Her train was lateC. Her car broke down16. What will the man do tomorrow?A. Visit the woman in her flatB. Go to work by trainC. Leave home earlier17. Whose pet dog was it in 1918?A. A soldier'sB. A doctor’sC. Dorothy's18. Where did Dorothy go to leam about the guide dog?A. GermanyB. AmericaC. England19. How long does it take to train a little dog to be a guide dog?A. Four monthsB. Fourteen months.C. Over two years20. What will the listeners do next?A. Teach dogs to be guidesB. Introduce their pet dogsC. Continue visiting the center.阅读理解30ASan Francisco Fire Engine ToursSan Francisco Winery TourRunning: February 1st through April 30thThis delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer. (included in tickets price)Departing from the Cannery: Tell times upon request.Duration(时长): 2 hoursPrice: $90Back to the Fifties TourRunning: August 16th through August 31stThis tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing form the Cannery 5:00 pm and 7:00 pmDuration: 2 hoursPrice: $90Spooky Halloween TourRunning: October 10th through October 31stJoin us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(服装) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 pm and 8:30 pmDuration: 1 hour and 30 minutesPrice: Available upon requestHoliday Lights TourRunning: December 6th through December 23rdThis attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.Departing form the Cannery: 7:00 pm and 9:00 pm.Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutesAdvance reservations required.21. Which of the tours is available in March?A. Holiday Lights Tour.B. Back to the Fifties Tour.C. Spooky Halloween Tour.D. San Francisco Winery Tour.22. What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour?A. Go to Treasure Island.B. Have free ice cream.C. Enjoy the holiday scenes.D. Visit the Presidio district.23. What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?A. Take some drinks.B. Set off early in the morning.C. Make reservations in advance.D. Wear warm clothes.BWhen Johnnie Martin was in the second grade in high school, one day a psychologist of the school called him into his office.“Johnnie, I’ve made a very careful study of you. And I feel sorry to have to tell you…Though you haveworked very hard, it has not helped. You’re just not cut out for it.”The boy buried his face in his hands, “This will be hard on my parents,”he said. “Their one idea is for me to be a college man.”The psychologist laid his hand on the boy’s shoulder and said, “People have different kinds of talents. Some day you will find what your special gift is and when you do, you will make your parents very proud of you.”Johnnie never went back to school. Jobs were scarce in town, but he managed to keep busy mowing the lawns of the householders and puttering in their flowerbeds. Before long he discovered he had an eye for color.One day while he was downtown, he happened to notice a stretch of unused land behind the city hall. Chance or fate or whatever you may like to call it brought one ofthe town’s aldermen（市政委员会委员）round the corner just at that moment. The boy said, “I can make a garden out of this dump, if you’ll let me”“The town’s got no money for it,”said the alderman.“I don’t want any money for it,”said the boy. “I just want to do it.”The alderman was shocked to find someone who did not want money. He took Johnnie in to an office, and when the young man came out he had the authority to clean up the public eyesore. Before long the old dump became a little beautiful park.It was also a kind of show window for Johnnie. People saw the result of his skill and knew him as a natural landscape gardener.That was twenty-five years ago. Today Johnnie is thehead of a successful business in landscape gardening. His aging parents are proud of Johnnie, for he is not only a success, but he has also made his part of the world a lovelier place to live in.24. The psychologist called Johnnie into his office to ________.A. help him find out his giftB. persuade him to give up schoolingC. give him some suggestions on studyD. encourage him to work hard25. For what did Johnnie Martin have a gift for?A. Drawing.B. Engineering.C. Repairing.D. Gardening.26. The underlined part “the public eyesore”refers to ________.A. the city hallB. the townC. thedump D. the park27. What can we infer from the passage?A. Where there is a will, there is a way.B. Gardeners are born and not made.C. Interest is the key to success.D. Everyone has something special.CThe hit movie Notting Hill（诺丁山）begins with a famous scene. Hugh Grant bumps into Julia Roberts and spills orange juice all over her. After the collision, Grant repeatedly says, “I’m so sorry. I’m so sorry.”His actions in this scene are very British. If Robert’s character were from the Britain, then she would probably apologize repeatedly as well –even if the crash were not her fault. But this doesn’t happen in the movie, as Roberts is from the US.A report in The Telegraph once said that three quarters of British people apologize when they bump into someone in the street –regardless of whether they are responsible or not. In fact, Britons use “sorry”in many situations. For example, if they mishear someone, they say “Sorry?”. The person they are talking to will also apologize by replying, “No, I am sorry!”This can go on for up to five minutes as they compete over who is the most sorry.Why are Britons so sorry? Mark Tyrell, a psychology writer in the UK, thinks that their apologetic tendencies are rooted in British class system. “We say sorry because historically the new middle class in Britain had to apologize for not being the working class, but also for really being the upper class.”Another theory is that they apologize to avoid conflicts. For example, if they bump into someone, he might get angry. To avoid this, they instantly say “Sorry!”True manners are about being considerate, and today’s constant use of apologizing shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were. The word “sorry”has lost some of its meaning.Do you see my point? Sorry, it might just be a British thing.28. Why does the author mention a scene in the movie Notting Hill at the beginning?A. To give an example of British modesty.B. To introduce different ways of saying sorry.C. To draw our attention to when and how British people say sorry.D. To show what kind of men are considered gentlemen in the UK.29. Which of the following statements might Mark Tyrell agree with?A. People should not apologize if they are not responsible.B. Americans care less about manners than British people do.C. British people care too much about which class they are from.D. That British people apologize so much is linked to the class system.30. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Using “sorry”more doesn’t necessarily mean people are more polite.B. The overuse of apologizing shows Britons are truly sincere.C. People should not stick to the traditional use of the word “sorry”.D. It’s unnecessary for British people to be so polite.31. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A. To explore the best way of saying sorry.B. To explain why Britons overuse the word “sorry”.C. To show how saying sorry has changed over time.D. To suggest many British people lack traditional manners.DAccording to new research from the University of Cambridge in England, sheep are able to recognize human faces from photographs.The farm animals, who are social and have large brains, were previously known to be able to recognize one another, as well as familiar humans. However, their ability to recognize human faces from photos alone is novel.The recent study, the results of which were publishedin the journal Royal Society: Open Science. Show the woolly creatures could be trained to recognize still images of human faces, including those of former President Barack Obama and actress Emma Watson.Initially, the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food rewards. Later, they were able to recognize the image for which they had been rewarded. The sheep could even recognize images of faces shown at an angle, though their ability to do so declined by about 15 percent –the same rate at which a human’s ability to perform the same task declines.“Anyone who has spent time working with sheep will know that they are intelligent, individual animals who are able to recognize their handlers,”said Professor Jenny Morton, who led the Cambridge study. “We’ve shown with our study that sheep have advanced face-recognitionabilities, comparable with those of humans and monkeys.”Recognizing faces is one of the most important social skills for human being, and some disorders of the brain, including Huntington’s disease, affect this ability.“Sheep are long-lived and have brains that are similar in size and complexity to those of some monkeys. That means they can be useful models to help us understand disorders of the brain, such as Huntington’s disease, that develop over a long time and affect cognitive abilities. Our study gives us another way to monitor how these abilities change,”Morton said.32. According to the new research, what’s unusual about sheep?A. They have large brains.B. They can recognize their owners.C. They can tell animals from humans.D. They can recognize human faces from photograph.33. How did the researchers train the sheep?A. By guiding them to follow their handlers.B. By showing photos of humans and monkeys by turns.C. By giving food rewards.D. By showing photos of famous people.34. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Sheep have a higher face-recognition ability than monkeys.B. The new discovery is beneficial to the study of cognitive ability changes.C. The sheep’s face-recognition ability says the same when shown photos at any angle.D. The sheep’s face-recognition ability may preventsome disorders of the brain.35. What’s the best title of the passage?A. A New discovery about Sheep.B. How Sheep Recognize Each Other.C. A Wonderful Scientist.D. The Life of Sheep.第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

山东省青岛市胶州市2017-2018学年高一下学期期中生物试卷一、本大题38小题，1-32题每小题1.5分，33-38题每小题1.5分，共60分，在每小题给出的四个选项中只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．（1.5分）李白云：“君不见，高堂明镜悲白发，朝如青丝暮成雪”，从细胞学角度分析，这个过程不会出现的变化是（）A．酶活性降低B．细胞核体积变小C．细胞体积变小D．细胞膜通透性改变2．（1.5分）细胞凋亡是由特定基因引发的细胞编程性死亡，在细胞凋亡过程中不会发生（）A．D NA的复制B．溶酶体内相关酶的活性改变C．细胞结构的改变D．细胞的代谢改变3．（1.5分）与正常细胞相比，癌细胞中与核酸合成有关的酶活性显著增强，这与癌细胞所具有的哪种特征有关（）A．糖蛋白减少B．细胞呈球形C．容易转移D．恶性增殖4．（1.5分）探究细胞大小与物质运输关系的实验原理不包括（）A．酚酞遇到NaOH呈现红色B．以琼脂块的大小表示细胞大小C．以NaOH溶液在琼脂块中的扩散深度表示吸收速度D．以NaOH溶液在琼脂块中的扩散体积比表示吸收速度5．（1.5分）下列所为不同细胞的细胞周期持续时间（h）．据表分析可以得出的结论是（）细胞分裂间期分裂期细胞周期十二指肠细胞13.5 1.8 15.3肿瘤细胞18.0 0.5 18.5成纤维细胞19.3 0.7 20.0A．分裂期和细胞周期均最短的是肿瘤细胞B．分裂期占细胞周期时间比例最小的是十二指肠细胞C．不同种类细胞的细胞周期持续时间不同D．不同种类细胞的分裂都是同步进行的6．（1.5分）下列关于动物细胞增殖及增殖过程的一些数量变化，叙述正确的是（）A．细胞增殖都具有周期性B．中心粒在前期倍增，成为两组C．着丝点分裂会导致染色单体消失D．核DNA随染色体增倍而增倍7．（1.5分）在高倍镜下观察处于有丝分裂中期的植物细胞，都能看到的结构是（）A．染色体、细胞壁、纺锤体B．细胞壁、细胞膜、核膜C．染色体、赤道板、细胞膜D．染色体、纺锤体、赤道板8．（1.5分）关于无丝分裂名称的由来，主要原因是（）A．细胞分裂过程比较简单B．分裂过程中无纺锤丝和染色体的出现C．分裂时细胞核先延长缢裂D．分裂时整个细胞缢裂为两部分9．（1.5分）下列关于有丝分裂实验过程的叙述，正确的一组是（）A．解离的目的是用药液使组织细胞相互分离B．漂洗的目的是洗去根尖上的盐酸，以利于染色时碱性染料着色C．用龙胆紫染液可将细胞核中的染色质染成紫色D．当看到一个处于中期的细胞时，应连续观察该细胞从中期到末期的变化10．（1.5分）如图是某种生物细胞有丝分裂过程中某一时期的图象，下列叙述不正确的是（）A．该生物为某种动物B．该生物的一个体细胞中含有8条染色体C．该细胞处于有丝分裂的后期D．该细胞中含有8条染色体11．（1.5分）科学家用32P标记的磷酸盐浸泡蚕豆幼苗，追踪放射性的去向以研究蚕豆根尖细胞分裂情况，得到根尖细胞连续分裂的时间（单位：h）数据如图所示．下列叙述正确的是（）A．D E 阶段发生遗传物质的平均分配B．B C阶段结束时DNA含量增加一倍C．C D阶段完成与DNA复制有关蛋白质的合成D．一个细胞周期（可表示为CD+DE）等于17.3h12．（1.5分）如图表示某生物一个细胞有丝分裂过程中细胞核内染色体和DNA在不同时期的数量，可能发生了数量统计错误的是（）A．A B．B C．C D．D13．（1.5分）下列有关有丝分裂的叙述中不正确的是（）A．动、植物细胞有丝分裂过程中染色体的行为变化完全相同B．动、植物细胞有丝分裂的末期，分裂成两上子细胞的方式相同C．显微镜下判断某细胞处于有丝分裂的哪个时期的依据是细胞内染色体的存在状态D．细胞周期不同时期所经历时间的长短可用每时期的细胞数与计数细胞总数的比值表示14．（1.5分）下列说法正确的是（）A．衰老的生物体中，细胞都处于衰老状态B．细胞不能继续分化是细胞衰老的特征之一C．白细胞凋亡的速率比红细胞快，细胞凋亡的速度与其自身功能密切相关D．细胞凋亡是由细胞内部环境所控制的15．（1.5分）下列有关细胞分裂、生长和分化的过程，不正确的是（）A．抑制细胞的DNA复制可以有效控制癌细胞增殖B．随着细胞的生长，细胞表面积与体积的比值越来越大C．癌细胞的遗传物质与正常细胞有所不同D．细胞分裂和细胞生长是多细胞生物由小变大的主原因16．（1.5分）以下能说明细胞具有全能性的实验是（）A．胚胎干细胞形成神经细胞B．用矮杆抗病小麦种子培育出小麦植珠C．给去核绵羊卵细胞植入体细胞核后发育成正常绵羊D．将棉花体细胞培育成棉花植株17．（1.5分）如图为人体某细胞的生命历程，据图分析下列说法正确的是（）A．与甲相比，乙中细胞与外界环境进行物质交换的效率低B．②过程的实质是基因的选择性表达C．丁细胞膜上的糖蛋白减少，细胞周期变长D．①②③④过程中核糖体的数目不会发生变化18．（1.5分）如图为高等动物的体内细胞与外界环境的物质交换示意图，下列叙述不正确的是（）A．⑥过程可表述为：体内细胞可与外界环境直接进行物质交换B．①须通过消化和循环系统才能完成，②须通过呼吸和循环系统才能完成C．细胞与内环境交换的④为养料和氧气D．人体的内环境即细胞外液19．（1.5分）下列能够在人体内环境中进行的生理过程是（）A．血浆蛋白的合成B．葡萄糖分解为丙酮酸C．H1N1病毒的增殖D．乳酸与碳酸氢钠的反应20．（1.5分）（1995•上海）长时间行走使脚掌磨出了水泡，几天后水泡消失．此时水泡中的液体主要渗入（）A．组织细胞B．毛细血管和各级动脉、静脉C．各级动脉和静脉D．毛细血管和毛细淋巴管21．（1.5分）下列关于人体内环境与稳态的叙述，错误的是（）A．气温过高中暑时，机体产热量大于散热量B．某病人严重腹泻，医生应建议他补充淡盐水C．淋巴液中的蛋白质含量比血浆中的高D．内环境渗透压的大小主要取决于无机盐和蛋白质22．（1.5分）癌症患者腹部积水后，为了利尿排水应静脉输送的主要成分是（）A．复合氨基酸B．葡萄糖和维生素C．无机盐D．血浆蛋白23．（1.5分）在神经元之间传递兴奋时，突触小体完成的信息转换模式为（）A．电信号→电信号B．电信号→化学信号C．化学信号→电信号D．化学信号→化学信号24．（1.5分）下列关于神经和体液调节的叙述，不正确的是（）A．体内大多数内分泌腺受中枢神经系统的控制B．神经系统的某些结构也能释放激素来调节生理过程C．寒冷刺激使血液中甲状腺激素含量升高属于体液调节D．寒冷刺激使骨骼肌战栗属于神经调节25．（1.5分）正常人体内的激素、酶和神经递质均有特定的生物活性，这三类物质都是（）A．发挥信号分子的作用B．由活细胞产生的蛋白质C．与特定分子结合后起作用D．在发挥作用后还能保持活性26．（1.5分）下列哪项检测方法可以测定神经纤维上的静息电位（）A．B．C．D．27．（1.5分）某物质可抑制神经纤维上Na+通道蛋白，这种物质中毒后可引起（）A．突触后神经元持续兴奋B．神经兴奋无法传导，肌肉瘫痪C．突触后神经元膜外电位由正变负D．肌肉持续痉挛28．（1.5分）如图是兴奋在神经元之间传递的示意图，关于此图的描述错误的是（）A．神经递质是从①处以胞吐的方式释放的B．兴奋传递需要的能量主要来自④C．①处释放的神经递质能使③处兴奋D．由①、②、③构成突触29．（1.5分）有关神经调节的叙述，错误的是（）A．脊髓、下丘脑属于中枢神经系统B．长期记忆可能与新突触的建立有关C．位于大脑皮层的呼吸中枢是维持生命的必要中枢D．位于大脑皮层的神经中枢是神经系统中最高级的部位30．（1.5分）某同学正在跑步，参与调节这一过程的神经结构有（）①大脑皮层②小脑③下丘脑④脑干⑤脊髓．A．①②③④B．①③④⑤C．①②④⑤D．①②③④⑤31．（1.5分）如图表示3个通过突触相连接的神经元，若在箭头处施加一强刺激，则能测到膜内外电位变化的是（）A．c de B．a bcde C．a bc D．bcde32．（1.5分）下列叙述中正确的是（）A．血浆蛋白、葡萄糖、尿素等均属于内环境的成分B．人体中占体液总量百分比最大的细胞外液C．小肠绒毛上皮细胞的内环境是组织液和消化液D．肝细胞的直接内环境是组织液和淋巴33．（2分）研究生长激素促进幼小动物生长常用的方法是（）A．饲喂法B．注射法C．阉割，移植法D．以上三项均可用34．（2分）如图所示，下列有关糖代谢及血糖平衡调节的叙述正确的是（）A．在肌肉、肝脏细胞中，②过程均可发生B．胰岛B细胞分泌的激素促进①、③过程C．胰岛素促进④、⑤、⑥、⑦等过程D．胰岛A细胞分泌的激素促进④过程35．（2分）如图是分泌细胞分泌的某种物质与靶细胞结构的示意图．相关叙述错误的是（）A．在某些情况下，靶细胞也可作为分泌细胞B．分泌物通过体液只能传送至靶细胞C．激素调节具有微量高效的特点D．体液调节中分泌物的作用是使靶细胞原有的生理活动发生变化36．（2分）如图①②分别代表不同的组织成器官的细胞，A表示物质，符合该模型的是（）A．①小肠黏膜，②胰腺，A促胰液素B．①中间神经元，②传入神经元，A神经递质C．①下丘脑，②垂体细胞，A促甲状腺激素D．①睾丸，②全身细胞，A雄激素37．（2分）如图为雌性高等动物性激素分泌的调节示意图，相关叙述不正确的是（）A．下丘脑分泌的促性激素释放激素所作用的靶器官是卵巢B．①除了能分泌促性激素外还能分泌生长激素C．雌激素的化学本质是脂质D．若让该动物口服雌激素，则①活动将减弱38．（2分）下列有关神经系统对生命活动调节的叙述中错误的是（）A．神经系统控制激素的分泌，而激素又控制神经系统的调节B．反射是神经系统调节机体生命活动的基本方式C．神经中枢具有分析、综合，并以此调节机体各项活动的功能D．稳态是在神经系统、内分泌系统等的调节下实现的机体动态平衡二、非选择题（本大题共包含3小题，共40分）39．（13分）如图甲中a、b、c、d表示某植物根尖的不同区域，图乙是用高倍显微镜观察到的该植物组织切片有丝分裂的模式图（顺序已打乱），图丙表示该植物根尖细胞在一个有丝分裂的细胞周期中核DNA含量的变化，请据图回答下列问题：（1）观察根尖有丝分裂时应选择（填图甲中的字母）区细胞，③和④过程中细胞核遗传物质（填“会”或“不会”）发生改变．（2）在装片制作过程中，用到的解离液成分是，在观察细胞有丝分裂时，在视野中观察到的期的细胞数目最多．（3）图乙中细胞分裂的正确排序是，其中染色单体形成于图．（4）ab段形成的原因是，研究染色体数目和形态最好的是图乙中的时期，此时细胞内染色体、DNA和染色体数之比为．（5）细胞有丝分裂的重要意义是．40．（12分）如图甲表示一个反射弧，图乙所示为某段神经纤维模式图，图丙表示突触的结构示意图，根据图示信息回答下列问题：（1）图甲中代表感受器的应为标号，⑤结构在组成上包括．（2）图乙所示为某段神经纤维模式图，受到适宜的刺激后，接受刺激部位膜内电位发生的变化是，发生这一变化的主要原因是：刺激使膜对离子的通透性发生改变，导致（填“Na+”或“k+”）大量涌入细胞，在受刺激部位与未受刺激部位之间形成，使兴奋沿着神经纤维传导．（3）缩手反射属于（填“条件”或“非条件”）反射，但化验取指血时，针刺手指时手并未缩回，这一现象说明在反射过程中，高级神经中枢对低极神经中枢有作用．（4）图丙是图甲中A、B的结构放大图，图丙中的1表示，来源于高尔基体．（5）兴奋在图丙中的传导方向是（填“单向”或“双向”）的，原因是．41．（15分）内环境是人体细胞生活的直接环境，内环境稳态是人体完成各项生命活动的必要条件，请据图回答以下问题：（1）机体维持稳态的主要调节机制是．（2）由图可知，既能传导兴奋又能分泌激素的结构是，图中①物质为．机体血液中②的含量变化对①、③的分泌起调节作用，此调节方式为调节．（3）春节过后，胶州出现了“倒春寒”，在寒冷环境中机体会发生一系列的调节过程，包括汗腺分泌减少，皮肤血管收缩，同时和肌肉产热增多，图中激素②分泌量增加的同时（填字母）的分泌量也增加，二者的关系属于．（4）下丘脑还能调节人体的水盐平衡，如果饮水过多，垂体后叶释放减少，该激素的靶细胞是，靶细胞靠糖蛋白识别并与该激素结合．（5）图中的胰岛可分泌胰岛素和胰高血糖素，为了验证胰高血糖能使血糖升高这一生理作用，现有小白鼠若干只、用生理盐水配制的胰高血糖素溶液、生理盐水、班氏糖定性试剂、清水、大烧杯、试管、注射器、酒精灯等试剂和器材，请设计一个验证胰高血糖素具有上述生理功能的实验．①实现原理：葡萄糖与班氏糖定性试剂共热有砖红色的氧化亚铜沉淀生成．②实验步骤：a．将生长发育状况一致的健康小鼠随机均分为A、B两组．b．给A组小鼠注射适量用生理盐水配制的胰高血糖溶液，．c．将两支洁净的试管编号为1号和2号，．d．注射1h后，采集两组小鼠的尿液，分别加入1号和2号试管中，振荡摇匀后，将两支试管水浴煮沸几分钟，待冷却后观察结果．③实验结果：．山东省青岛市胶州市2017-2018学年高一下学期期中生物试卷参考答案与试题解析一、本大题38小题，1-32题每小题1.5分，33-38题每小题1.5分，共60分，在每小题给出的四个选项中只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．（1.5分）李白云：“君不见，高堂明镜悲白发，朝如青丝暮成雪”，从细胞学角度分析，这个过程不会出现的变化是（）A．酶活性降低B．细胞核体积变小C．细胞体积变小D．细胞膜通透性改变考点：衰老细胞的主要特征．分析：衰老细胞的特征：（1）细胞内水分减少，细胞萎缩，体积变小，但细胞核体积增大，染色质固缩，染色加深；（2）细胞膜通透性功能改变，物质运输功能降低；（3）细胞色素随着细胞衰老逐渐累积；（4）有些酶的活性降低；（5）呼吸速度减慢，新陈代谢减慢．解答：解：A、细胞衰老后，细胞内有些酶的活性降低，A正确；B、细胞衰老后，细胞核内染色质固缩，染色加深，细胞核体积增大，B错误；C、细胞衰老后，细胞体积减小，C正确；D、细胞衰老后，细胞膜通透性改变，物质运输效率降低，D正确．故选：B．点评：本题知识点简单，考查衰老细胞的主要特征，只要考生识记衰老细胞的主要特征即可正确答题，属于考纲识记层次的考查．此类试题，需要考生掌握牢固的基础知识．2．（1.5分）细胞凋亡是由特定基因引发的细胞编程性死亡，在细胞凋亡过程中不会发生（）A．D NA的复制B．溶酶体内相关酶的活性改变C．细胞结构的改变D．细胞的代谢改变考点：细胞凋亡的含义．分析：细胞凋亡是指由基因控制的细胞自动结束生命的过程，又称为细胞编程性死亡，细胞凋亡有利于生物个体完成正常发育，维持内部环境的稳定，抵御外界各种因素的干扰．解答：解：A、DNA的复制发生在细胞分裂时，细胞凋亡时DNA不复制，A错误；B、细胞凋亡是指由基因控制的细胞自动结束生命的过程，需溶酶体起作用，故溶酶体内相关酶的活性改变，B正确；C、细胞凋亡过程中结构会改变，C正确；D、细胞凋亡过程中细胞代谢会改变，D正确．故选：A．点评：本题考查了细胞凋亡的含义及过程，解答本题的关键是正确理解细胞凋亡的概念及意义．3．（1.5分）与正常细胞相比，癌细胞中与核酸合成有关的酶活性显著增强，这与癌细胞所具有的哪种特征有关（）A．糖蛋白减少B．细胞呈球形C．容易转移D．恶性增殖考点：癌细胞的主要特征．分析：癌细胞特征：（1）无限增殖：一般细胞分裂50～60次，条件适宜时，癌细胞可以无限增殖，而且分裂迅速，细胞内的核糖体数目大量增加，代谢异常活跃．（2）易分散转移：癌细胞分泌一些酶类分解细胞表面的糖蛋白，导致癌细胞黏着性降低，易于扩散．（3）癌细胞的形态发生改变．例成纤维细胞由扁平梭形变成球形．这是细胞癌变的重要观察指标．解答：解：癌细胞特点之一是无限增殖，需要进行大量核酸合成，此过程需要有关合成酶的催化，才能保证进行旺盛分裂．故选：D．点评：本题考查细胞癌变的相关知识，要求考生识记癌细胞的概念，明确癌细胞是正常细胞畸形分化形成的；识记癌细胞的特征，能运用所学的知识准确判断各选项，属于考纲识记层次的考查．4．（1.5分）探究细胞大小与物质运输关系的实验原理不包括（）A．酚酞遇到NaOH呈现红色B．以琼脂块的大小表示细胞大小C．以NaOH溶液在琼脂块中的扩散深度表示吸收速度D．以NaOH溶液在琼脂块中的扩散体积比表示吸收速度考点：探究细胞表面积与体积的关系．分析：探究细胞大小与物质运输的关系时，可采用琼脂块、NaOH、酚酞作实验材料，观察NaOH在琼脂中的扩散速度．探究细胞表面积与体积之比，与物质运输速率之间的关系：体积越大，相对表面积越小，物质运输的效率越低；实验中测量不同大小的琼脂块上NaOH扩散的深度相同；实验所用的琼脂小块上含有酚酞，NaOH和酚酞相遇，呈紫红色．解答：解：A、本实验原理是NaOH和酚酞相遇，呈紫红色，A正确；B、以琼脂块的大小表示细胞大小，B正确；C、以NaOH溶液在琼脂块中的扩散体积比表示吸收速度，C错误；D、含酚酞的琼酯遇到NaOH会呈现紫色，通过测量NaOH向琼脂块内扩散的深度计算出NaOH 扩散的体积，扩散体积比表示吸收速度，D正确．故选：C．点评：本题考查细胞大小与物质运输的关系，意在考查学生能独立完成“生物知识内容表”所列的生物实验，包括理解实验目的、原理、方法和操作步骤，掌握相关的操作技能，并能将这些实验涉及的方法和技能进行综合运用．5．（1.5分）下列所为不同细胞的细胞周期持续时间（h）．据表分析可以得出的结论是（）细胞分裂间期分裂期细胞周期十二指肠细胞13.5 1.8 15.3肿瘤细胞18.0 0.5 18.5成纤维细胞19.3 0.7 20.0A．分裂期和细胞周期均最短的是肿瘤细胞B．分裂期占细胞周期时间比例最小的是十二指肠细胞C．不同种类细胞的细胞周期持续时间不同D．不同种类细胞的分裂都是同步进行的考点：细胞周期的概念．分析：连续分裂的细胞，从一次分裂完成时开始，到下一次分裂完成时为止，是一个细胞周期．根据题意和图表分析细胞的分裂间期和分裂期的时间，并作出判断．解答：解：A、从图中分析可知：分裂期最短的是肿瘤细胞，但细胞周期最短的是十二指肠细胞，只有15.3h，A错误；B、分裂期占细胞周期时间比例最小的是成纤维细胞，B错误；C、三种细胞的细胞周期各不相同，说明不同种类细胞的细胞周期持续时间不同，C正确；D、不同种类细胞的细胞周期持续时间不同，它们的分裂也不是同步进行，D错误．故选：C．点评：本题考查细胞周期的相关知识，意在考查学生的识记能力和判断能力，运用所学知识综合分析问题的能力．6．（1.5分）下列关于动物细胞增殖及增殖过程的一些数量变化，叙述正确的是（）A．细胞增殖都具有周期性B．中心粒在前期倍增，成为两组C．着丝点分裂会导致染色单体消失D．核DNA随染色体增倍而增倍考点：细胞有丝分裂不同时期的特点．分析：细胞周期是指能持续分裂的真核细胞从一次有丝分裂结束后生长，再到下一次分裂结束的循环过程．原核细胞的增殖方式为二分裂，但它不具有细胞周期；减数分裂是产生生殖细胞的分裂方式，但是产生的生殖细胞不具有再分裂的能力．中心体在有丝分裂间期复制，在前期时移向细胞的两极，发出星射线形成纺锤体．解答：解：A、减数分裂也是细胞增殖的一种方式，但是没有周期性，A错误；B、中心粒在间期复制倍增，成为两组，B错误；C、着丝点分裂会导致染色单体消失，C正确；D、核DNA在间期DNA复制时倍增，而染色体在有丝分裂后期着丝点分裂时倍增，D错误．故选：C．点评：本题考查了有丝分裂各时期的行为变化，意在考查考生的识记能力，属于简单题．在记忆时能够利用口诀进行巧记：膜仁消失显两体（前）、形数清晰赤道齐（中）、点裂数增均两极（后）、两消两现重开始（末）．7．（1.5分）在高倍镜下观察处于有丝分裂中期的植物细胞，都能看到的结构是（）A．染色体、细胞壁、纺锤体B．细胞壁、细胞膜、核膜C．染色体、赤道板、细胞膜D．染色体、纺锤体、赤道板考点：观察细胞的有丝分裂．分析：有丝分裂不同时期的特点：（1）间期：进行DNA的复制和有关蛋白质的合成；（2）前期：核膜、核仁逐渐解体消失，出现纺锤体和染色体；（3）中期：染色体形态固定、数目清晰；（4）后期：着丝点分裂，姐妹染色单体分开成为染色体，并均匀地移向两极；（5）末期：核膜、核仁重建、纺锤体和染色体消失．解答：解：A、植物细胞有丝分裂中期，可观察到染色体、细胞壁、纺锤体，A正确；B、细胞膜与细胞壁紧贴在一起，观察不到；核膜在前期解体消失，此时也观察不到，B错误；C、细胞膜与细胞壁紧贴在一起，观察不到；赤道板不是真实存在的结构，观察不到，C错误；D、赤道板不是真实存在的结构，观察不到，D错误．故选：A．点评：本题考查细胞有丝分裂不同时期的特点、观察细胞有丝分裂实验，要求考生识记细胞有丝分裂不同时期的特点，能根据题干要求作出准确的判断．8．（1.5分）关于无丝分裂名称的由来，主要原因是（）A．细胞分裂过程比较简单B．分裂过程中无纺锤丝和染色体的出现C．分裂时细胞核先延长缢裂D．分裂时整个细胞缢裂为两部分考点：细胞的无丝分裂．分析：细胞无丝分裂的过程比较简单，一般是细胞核先延长，核的中部向内凹陷，缢裂成为两个细胞核；接着，整个细胞从中部缢裂成两部分，形成两个子细胞．因为在分裂过程中没有纺锤丝和染色体的变化，因此叫做无丝分裂．解答：解：A、无丝分裂过程简单，但这不是无丝分裂名称形成的原因，A错误；B、由于分裂过程中没有纺锤丝和染色体的出现，因此被称为无丝分裂，B正确；C、分裂时细胞核先延长缢裂，这是无丝分裂的过程，不是其名称形成的原因，C错误；D、分裂时整个细胞缢裂为两部分，这也是无丝分裂的过程，不是其名称形成的原因，D错误．故选：B．点评：本题考查无丝分裂的相关知识，要求考生识记无丝分裂的概念、特点及过程，明确无丝分裂的名称是由于其分裂过程没有纺锤丝和染色体的出现而形成的，属于考纲识记层次的考查．9．（1.5分）下列关于有丝分裂实验过程的叙述，正确的一组是（）A．解离的目的是用药液使组织细胞相互分离B．漂洗的目的是洗去根尖上的盐酸，以利于染色时碱性染料着色C．用龙胆紫染液可将细胞核中的染色质染成紫色D．当看到一个处于中期的细胞时，应连续观察该细胞从中期到末期的变化考点：观察细胞的有丝分裂．分析：观察植物细胞有丝分裂实验：1、解离：剪取根尖2﹣3mm（最好每天的10﹣14点取根，因此时间是洋葱根尖有丝分裂高峰期），立即放入盛有质量分数为15%的氯化氢溶液和体积分数为95%的酒精溶液的混合液（1：1）的玻璃皿中，在室温下解离3﹣5min．2、漂洗：待根尖酥软后，用镊子取出，放入盛有清水的玻璃皿中漂洗约10min．3、染色：把洋葱根尖放进盛有质量浓度为0.01g/mL或0.02g/mL的龙胆紫溶液的培养皿中，染色3﹣5min．4、制片：取一干净载玻片，在中央滴一滴清水，将染色的根尖用镊子取出，放入载玻片的水滴中，并且用镊子尖把根尖弄碎，盖上盖玻片，在盖玻片再加一载玻片．然后，用拇指轻轻地压载玻片．取下后加上的载玻片，既制成装片．5、观察：（1）低倍镜观察把制成的洋葱根尖装片先放在低倍镜下观察，要求找到分生区的细胞，特点是：细胞呈正方形，排列紧密，有的细胞正在分裂．（2）高倍镜观察找到分生区的细胞后，把低倍镜移走，直接换上高倍镜，用细准焦螺旋和反光镜把视野调整的既清晰又较亮，直到看清细胞物象为止．解答：解：A、解离的目的是用药液使根尖细胞相互分离开来，A正确；B、漂洗的目的是为了洗去根尖上的酸，以利于染色时碱性染料着色，防止与碱性染料反应，影响染色效果，B正确；C、由于染色体中含有酸性物质DNA，所以用碱性染料龙胆紫溶液可将细胞核物质或染色体染成紫色，C正确；D、在解离时细胞已被杀死，故不能观察一个细胞从中期到末期的变化，D错误．故选：ABC．点评：本题考查观察细胞有丝分裂实验、显微镜的相关操作，对于此类试题，需要学生注意的细节较多，如实验的原理、实验选择的材料、实验采用的试剂及试剂的作用、实验现象等，需要学生在平时的学习过程中注意积累．。

2017-2018学年山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学高一下学期3月月考英语试题2018.3.29第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题,每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)1. Where is the woman going this afternoon?A. The beachB. The job centerC. The shopping mall2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At the railway stationB. On the train.C. On a bridge.3. How long does David stay abroad in all?A. 9 DaysB. 11daysC. 16 days4. What is the man doing?A. Making a call.B. Making a visitC. Making an appointment.5.What does the woman think of the science museum?A. ExcitingB. TiringC. Boring第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6. What does the woman say about the restaurant?A. The food is not freshB. The price is reasonable.C. The meat tastes best7. Why does the man suggest the woman do?A. Try the cherry pieB. Try his favorite meatC. Eat less vegetables.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。

高二下学期月考1生物科试卷一、选择题（单选，每题1.5分）1.下列有关细胞工程的说法正确的是A.在愈伤组织形成过程中，需适宜的温度、pH和无菌条件，无需添加植物激素B.植物体细胞杂交前需要用酶去除细胞壁获得原生质体，然后再用聚乙二醇促进融合C.在利用肝肿瘤组织块制备细胞悬液时，可用胰蛋白酶或胃蛋白酶处理D.动物细胞培养应在含5% C02的恒温箱中培养，C02的作用是为细胞提供碳源2.利用基因工程技术将鱼的抗冻蛋白基因导入番茄，试图培育出耐寒能力强的番茄。

下列相关说法，错误的是A.可用PCR技术或逆转录法获得抗冻蛋白基因B.将抗冻蛋白基因与相应载体连接构建基因表达载体C.利用农杆菌转化法将基因表达载体导入受体细胞D.检测到番茄细胞中具有抗冻蛋白基因，培育出的番茄一定具有杭寒能力3.我国科学家运用基因工程技术培育出了抗虫棉及含有人凝血因子的羊乳汁。

以下有关叙述，下列叙述正确的是（）A．为育成抗虫的作物新品种，导入抗虫基因时只能以植物受精卵为受体B．转基因棉花是否具有抗虫特性是通过检测棉花对抗生素抗性来确定的C．人凝血因子基因存在于乳腺细胞，而不存在于其他体细胞中D．可用显微注射技术将含有人凝血因子基因的重组DNA分子导入羊的受精卵4.如图为某二倍体植株花药中未成熟花粉在适宜培养基上形成完整植株的过程．下列有关叙述正确的是（）A．过程①表示脱分化，过程②表示再分化B．过程①②需要避光，过程③需要照光C．过程①②说明花粉细胞具有全能性D．过程③获得的完整植株自交后代不会发生性状分离5.利用植物组织培养技术从红豆杉细胞中提取抗癌药物紫杉醇不需要进行的是（）A．选取合适的外植体并要进行快速消毒B．培养基中加入适量的蔗糖提供营养并维持渗透压C．控制植物激素的种类和含量诱导产生愈伤组织D．选择适当的分化培养基培育红豆杉幼苗6.下列有关生物技术应用的叙述，不正确的是A.利用植物组织培养技术培育花药获得单倍体植株B.利用转基因技术把正常基因导入病人细胞进行基因治疗C.将α—抗胰蛋白酶基因转入乳腺细胞培育乳汁中含有该酶的转基因酶D.将愈伤组织细胞进行诱变处理并筛选得到抗盐碱的烟草新品种7.下列生物学过程中体现了细胞全能性的是A．转基因小麦的种子发育成小麦幼苗B．胚胎干细胞经诱导分化成神经细胞C．杂交瘤细胞在培养基中无限增殖D．经体细胞杂交获得白菜-甘蓝杂种植株8.下图表示四倍体兰花叶片植物组织培养的过程，下列相关叙述不正确的是A．通过消毒和无菌操作避免①②过程发生杂菌污染B．需生长调节物质调控①②过程的细胞分裂和分化C．细胞全能性表达前提是①过程，体现在②③过程D．此兰花的花药离体培养所得植株为二倍体植株9.下列关于蛋白质工程的叙述，不正确的是A．实施蛋白质工程的前提条件是了解蛋白质结构和功能的关系B．基因工程是蛋白质工程的关键技术C．蛋白质工程是对蛋白质分子的直接改造D．蛋白质工程是在基因工程的基础上延伸出来的第二代基因工程10.在应用农杆菌侵染植物叶片获得转基因植株的常规实验步骤中，不需要的是A.用携带目的基因的农杆菌侵染植物细胞B.用选择培养基筛法导入目的基因的细胞C.用聚乙二醇诱导转基因细胞的原生质融合D.用适当比例的生长素和细胞分裂素诱导愈伤组织生芽11.下列发生了细胞分化且能体现体细胞全能性的生物学过程是A．蜥蜴断尾后再生出新的尾部B．胡萝卜根韧皮部细胞经组织培养发育成新植株C．小鼠骨髓造干细胞形成各种血细胞D．小麦花粉经离体培养发育成单倍体植株12.为了提高植物抗病毒能力，科学家从动物体内分离出抗体基因并成功导入植物体内，从而使植物产生相应的抗体。

山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017-2018学年高一化学下学期3月月考试题可能用到的原子量：H：1 C: 12 O: 16 Na：23 Al：27 Fe：56 Cu：64第I卷（选择题）一、选择题（每题只有一个正确答案）1．我国有着悠久的历史传统文化。

下列有关古诗词(句)中蕴含的化学知识分析正确的是A. “千淘万漉虽辛苦，吹尽狂沙始到金”，说明金在自然界中以游离态存在，其化学性质稳B. “春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炸成灰泪始干”,其中只有化学变化的过程C. “纷纷灿烂如星陨，赫赫喧虺似火攻。

”,灿烂的烟花是某些金属的焰色反应,属于化学变化D. “粉身碎骨浑不怕，要留清白在人间”,其中发生的主要化学反应均为氧化还原反应2．化学已经渗透到人类生活的各个方面，下列说法不正确的是A．高铁酸钾（K2FeO4）是一种新型、高效、多功能水处理剂，既能消毒杀菌又能净水B．我国“神九”三位宇航员所穿航天服主要成分是由碳化硅、陶瓷和碳纤维复合而成的，它是一种新型无机非金属材料C．多用电子邮件、MSN、QQ等即时通讯工具，少用传真打印机属于“低碳生活”方式D．高纯度的硅单质广泛用于制作光导纤维，光导纤维遇强碱会“断路”3．往下列溶液中通入过量的CO2后，不会生成沉淀的是A．Na2SiO3溶液 B．Na[Al(OH)4] 溶液 C．Ca(OH)2溶液 D．饱和Na2CO3溶液4．把Ba(OH)2溶液滴入明矾溶液中，若恰好使SO2－4全部转化成BaSO4沉淀，此时铝元素的主要存在形式是( )A．Al3＋B．Al(OH)3 C．[Al(OH)4]－ D．Al3＋和Al(OH)35．下列除去杂质的方法不正确的是( )A．镁粉中混有少量铝粉：加入过量烧碱溶液充分反应，过滤、洗涤、干燥B．MgO中混有少量Al2O3：加入足量烧碱溶液，充分反应，过滤、洗涤、干燥得到MgO C．Al(OH)3中混有少量Mg(OH)2：加入足量烧碱溶液，充分反应，过滤，向滤液中通入过量CO2后过滤D．用过量氨水除去Fe3＋溶液中的少量Al3＋6．化学在生产和日常生活中有着重要的应用。

山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017-2018学年高二英语下学期3月月考试题(时间:120分钟，满分:150分)第Ⅰ卷 (选择题）第一部分：听力理解(共两节。

满分20分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节 (共5小题：每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a restaurant.B. In a furniture store.C. In the woman's company.2. What does the man want to do first?A. See the elephants.B. Have a cup of tea.C. Watch the dolphin show.3. What is the woman probably going to do?A. Make a list.B. Do some shopping.C. Make a chocolate pie.4. Why does the woman look upset?A. She experienced a theft.B. She was given a parking ticket.C. She couldn't find a parking space.5. How will the woman go to the city church?A. By bike.B. By bus.C. By car.第二节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。

2017-2018学年度胶南一中高三生物第一次月考一、选择题1. 图甲表示某种多肽链的合成过程，图乙表示这种多肽链中有3个甘氨酸且位于第8、20、23位。

下列叙述正确的是A. 图甲中表示4条多肽链正在合成B. 用特殊水解酶选择性除去图乙中的3个甘氨酸，形成的产物中有3条多肽C. 该多肽释放到细胞外与细胞呼吸无关D. 转录方向为从左往右【答案】B【解析】图甲中所示的转录和翻译同时进行，其中正在合成的是4条mRNA，每条mRNA 上均附着有许多核糖体，因此正在合成的多肽链的数目远多于4条，A错误；将图乙所示的多肽链含有的、依次位于第8、20、23的3个甘氨酸去掉，形成的产物除了甘氨酸外，还有七肽、十一肽、二肽、多肽，因二肽不属于多肽，所以形成的产物中有3条多肽，B正确；该多肽是以胞吐的方式释放到细胞外，消耗细胞呼吸释放的能量，C错误；因形成的4条mRNA由右向左越来越长，所以转录方向为从右往左，D错误。

2. 下列关于细胞结构和功能的叙述，正确的是A. 动物细胞没有原生指层，因此不能发生渗透作用B. 胞间连丝和核孔都是物质运输与信息交流的通道C. 脂质是细胞中的储能物质，不参与生命活动的调节D. 肝细胞膜上存在有协助胰岛素跨膜转运的载体【答案】B【解析】动物细胞没有原生质层，但细胞膜相当于半透膜，在细胞膜两侧溶液具有浓度差时也能发生渗透作用，A错误。

胞间连丝是高等植物见进行物质运输和信息交流的通道，核孔是进行核质之间物质运输与信息交流的通道，B正确。

脂质中的脂肪是细胞中的储能物质，脂质中的固醇的性激素能参与生命活动的调节，C错误。

肝细胞膜上有胰岛素的受体，但胰岛素不进入到细胞内，D错误。

3. 有关酒精在相关实验中作用的叙述，错误的是A. AB. BC. CD. D【答案】B【解析】本题考查高中教材中相关实验的试剂选择及其作用，要求考生明确脂肪的鉴定实验中50%的酒精溶液作用、观察根尖分生组织细胞的有丝分裂实验中解离液的组成及其作用、叶绿体中色素提取和分离实验中无水乙醇的作用、土壤中小动物类群丰富度的研究实验中体积分数为70%的酒精的作用，进而分析、判断各选项。

青西新区胶南一中2017级第一次月考生物试卷一、选择题1. 生物体（除病毒外）结构和功能的基本单位是（）A. 蛋白质B. 核酸C. 器官D. 细胞【答案】D【解析】比细胞更小的蛋白质、核酸等分子没有独立的生命，比细胞大的组织、器官等是由细胞组成的，所以说细胞是生物体结构和功能的基本单位。

【考点定位】对细胞的整体认知。

2. 下列事实中，没有支持“生命活动离不开细胞”观点的是（）A. 乙肝病毒依赖人体肝细胞生活B. 乌龟的单个细胞能独立完成各种生命活动C. 多细胞生物个体的生长发育依赖于细胞增殖和细胞分化D. 父母亲通过精子和卵细胞把遗传物质传给下一代【答案】B【解析】病毒只能寄生在活细胞中，说明病毒的生命活动离不开细胞，A正确；乌龟是多细胞生物，其单个细胞不能独立完成各种生命活动，单细胞生物仅靠单个细胞就能完成各种生命活动，B错误；多细胞生物个体的生长发育依赖于细胞增殖和细胞分化，说明多细胞生物的生命活动离不开细胞，C正确；父母亲通过精子和卵细胞把遗传物质传给下一代，说明遗传也离不开细胞，D正确。

【考点定位】细胞是生物体结构和功能的基本单位【名师点睛】生命活动离不开细胞可从三个方面理解：（1）单细胞生物：其生命活动由单个细胞完成（2）多细胞生物：其生命活动由各种高度分化的细胞密切合作、共同完成（3）病毒：病毒没有细胞结构，也必须依赖活细胞才能完成生命活动3. 微生物的种类繁多，下列微生物中属于原核生物的一组是（）①念珠藻②酵母菌③蓝球藻④大肠杆菌⑤乳酸杆菌⑥发菜⑦颤藻⑧SARS病毒A. ①③④⑤⑥B. ②③④⑤⑥⑦C. ①③④⑤⑥⑧D. ①③④⑤⑥⑦【答案】D【解析】原核生物包括蓝藻、细菌、放线菌、支原体、衣原体、立克次氏体等，题中念珠藻、蓝球藻、发菜、颤藻都属于蓝藻，大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌都属于细菌，所以选D。

【考点定位】生物分类4. 下列有关原核细胞与真核细胞的叙述中，错误的是（）A. 原核细胞和真核细胞都有染色体B. 蓝藻和水稻细胞中都含有核糖体C. 最大的区别是原核细胞没有以核膜为界限的细胞核D. 原核细胞的细胞膜化学组成和结构与真核细胞相似【答案】A【解析】原核细胞没有染色体，真核细胞有染色体，A错误；蓝藻和水稻细胞中都含有核糖体，核糖体是唯一一个在真核细胞和原核细胞中都存在的细胞器，B正确；原核细胞与真核细胞最大的区别是原核细胞没有以核膜为界限的细胞核，C正确；原核细胞的细胞膜化学组成和结构与真核细胞相似，都是以磷脂双分子层为基本支架形成的膜结构，D正确。

山东省青岛市重点名校2017-2018学年高一下学期期末经典生物试题一、选择题（本题包括30个小题，每小题2分，共60分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．DNA分子能够自我复制的结构基础是（）A．DNA具有独特的双螺旋结构B．配对的氧核苷酸之间连接成与母链互补的子链C．酸和脱氧核苷酸交互排列的顺序稳定不变D．DNA分子具有多样性和特异性【答案】A【解析】【分析】DNA分子是由两条脱氧核苷酸长链反向平行盘旋而成的双螺旋结构（DNA自我复制的结构基础）；DNA复制是以亲代DNA分子为模板合成子代DNA分子的过程。

DNA复制条件：模板（DNA的双链）、能量（ATP水解提供）、酶（解旋酶和聚合酶等）、原料（游离的脱氧核苷酸）。

DNA复制过程：边解旋边复制；DNA复制特点：半保留复制。

【详解】A、DNA的双链是DNA复制的模板，是DNA分子能够自我复制的结构基础，A正确；B、配对的脱氧核苷酸之间连接成与母链互补的子链是形成DNA双链的保证，B错误；C、磷酸和脱氧核糖交互排列的顺序稳定不变，是构成DNA分子的基本骨架，C错误；D、DNA分子具有多样性和特异性，属于DNA分子的特点，D错误。

故选A。

2．下列有关科学家的科学发现和所利用到的实验方法都正确的是（）A．A B．B C．C D．D【答案】B【解析】萨克斯的实验证明了光合作用产物中含有淀粉，但没有用同位素标记法，A错误；沃森、克里克用物理模型构建法构建并制作了DNA的双螺旋结构，B正确；格里菲斯完成的肺炎双球菌体内转化实验，噬菌体侵染细菌实验是赫尔希和蔡斯完成的，C错误；摩尔根用假说—演绎法，证明了基因在染色体上，萨顿应用类比推理法提出了基因和染色体存在明显的平行关系，D错误。

3．下列关于人类精子和卵细胞结合成受精卵过程的叙述错误的是A．受精卵的遗传物质主要来自于染色体B．受精卵的细胞质主要来自于卵细胞C．受精时，精子全部进入卵细胞中D．受精卵的染色体一半来自父方，一半来自母方【答案】C【解析】染色体的主要成分是DNA和蛋白质，染色体是遗传物质的主要载体，所以受精卵中的遗传物质主要来自于染色体，A正确；受精时，精子的头部进入卵细胞，尾部留在外面，因此受精卵中的细胞质主要来自卵细胞，B正确；受精时精子的头部进入卵细胞内，C错误；受精卵的染色体一半来自父方，一半来自母方，D正确。

青岛市重点名校2017-2018学年高一下学期期末学业水平测试生物试题一、选择题（本题包括30个小题，每小题2分，共60分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．下列关于“观察洋葱根尖分生组织细胞有丝分裂”的叙述，错误的是A．解离和压片都有利于根尖分生区细胞分散B．先用低倍镜找到分生区细胞，再换用高倍镜观察C．显微镜下绝大多数细胞中能观察到染色体D．探究有丝分裂日周期性可为实验取材时机提供依据【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】A、解离是用解离液（盐酸和酒精）使组织中的细胞相互分离开来，压片使细胞分散开，A正确；B、低倍镜视野宽，便于找到分生区，而高倍镜更容易看清染色体，所以先用低倍镜找到分生区细胞，再换用高倍镜观察，B正确C、观察洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂实验时分生区细胞处于分裂间期的较多，都不能看到染色体，C错误；D、探究有丝分裂日周期性可为实验取材时机提供依据，在有丝分裂的高峰期取材，有利于观察根尖分生区的有丝分裂，D正确。

故选C。

2．同一动物个体的神经细胞与肌细胞在功能上是不同的，造成这种差异的主要原因是A．二者所处的细胞周期不同B．二者合成的特定蛋白不同C．二者所含有的基因组不同D．二者核DNA的复制方式不同【答案】B【解析】试题分析：神经细胞和肌细胞都不进行有丝分裂，都不具有细胞周期，A项错误；同一动物个体的神经细胞与肌细胞在功能上是不同的，造成这种差异的主要原因是二者合成的特定蛋白不同，B项正确；同一动物个体的神经细胞与肌细胞遗传物质相同，C项错误；神经细胞与肌细胞都不进行分裂，都没有核DNA的复制，D项错误。

考点：细胞的分化3．在登山过程中人体细胞进行有氧呼吸时，氧气的消耗发生于（）A．第一阶段B．第二阶段C．第三阶段D．第一和第二阶段【答案】C【解析】根据有氧呼吸的第三阶段：，所以消耗氧气的阶段是第三阶段，故C正确。

4．甲、乙为两种果蝇(2n),下图为这两种果蝇的各一个染色体组,下列叙述正确的是（）A．甲、乙杂交产生的F1减数分裂都正常B．甲发生染色体交叉互换形成了乙C．甲、乙1 号染色体上的基因排列顺序相同D．图示染色体结构变异可为生物进化提供原材料【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】AC、与图甲相比，图乙染色体1发生了倒位，没有完全一致的等位基因，所以F1子代无法正常减数分裂，AC错误；B、染色体的交叉互换互换的是等位基因，甲经过交叉互换不能形成乙，B错误；D、染色体结构变异为可遗传变异，可为生物进化提供原材料，D正确。

山东省青岛市胶南第一中学高一生物模拟试题含解析一、选择题（本题共40小题，每小题1.5分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

）1. 若DNA分子的模板链中(A＋T)/(C＋G)=a，则该DNA中(A＋T)/(C＋G)的比值为( )A．a B．1/a C．1 D．1-1/a参考答案：A2. 当生物新陈代谢旺盛与生长迅速时，通常细胞内结合水与自由水的比值（）A．会升高 B．会降低 C．不变化 D．波动大参考答案：B3. 将酵母菌研磨成匀浆，离心后得上清液（细胞质基质）和沉淀物（含线粒体），把等量的上清液、沉淀物和未曾离心的匀浆分别放入甲、乙、丙三个试管中，各加入等量葡萄糖溶液，然后置于隔绝空气的条件下。

下列叙述正确的是A．甲试管中最终产物为CO2和H2O B．乙试管中不发生反应C．丙试管中有大量的ATP产生 D．丙试管中无CO2产生参考答案：B4. 下列关于用高倍显微镜观察人的口腔上皮细胞线粒体的实验的说法不正确的是（）A. 牙签消毒、实验前漱口都是为了保证该实验的准确性B. 制作装片时在载玻片上滴一滴0.9%的NaCl溶液，目的是维持口腔上皮细胞的正常形态C. 在高倍镜下观察可以看到活细胞的线粒体呈现蓝绿色，而细胞质接近无色D. 在低倍镜下观察可以看到线粒体有2层膜结构参考答案：D 5. 假设某植物种群非常大，可以随机交配，没有迁入和迁出，基因不产生突变。

抗病基因R对感病基因r为完全显性。

现种群中感病植株rr占1/9，抗病植株RR和Rr各占4/9，抗病植株可以正常开花和结实，而感病植株在开花前全部死亡。

则子一代中感病植株占（）A．1/9 B．1/16 C．4/81 D．1/8参考答案：B已知种群中感病植株rr占1/9，抗病植株RR和Rr各占4/9，抗病植株可以正常开花和结实，而感病植株在开花前全部死亡，所以抗病植株RR和Rr的比例为1:1，则R占3/4,r占1/4，所以子一代感病植株占1/4*1/4=1/16，故选B。

山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017-2018学年高二物理下学期3月月考试题一、选择题1．对于液体和固体（不计分子间的空隙），若用M 表示摩尔质量，m 0表示分子质量，ρ表示物质密度，V 表示摩尔体积，v 0表示单个分子的体积，N 表示阿伏伽德罗常数，则下列关系中错误的是A ．0v V N =B ．0m V N ρ=C ．VM N ρ= D ．M=ρV 2．如图所示描述了封闭在某容器里的理想气体在温度Ta 和Tb 下的速率分布情况，下列说法正确的是（ ）A. Ta > TbB. 随着温度升高，每一个气体分子的速率都增大C. 随着温度升高，气体分子中速率大的分子所占的比例会增加D. 若从a T 到 b T 气体的体积减小，气体一定从外界吸收热量3.下列说法不正确的是.（ ）A ．布朗运动是指液体或气体分子对处于其中的悬浮颗粒的撞击形成的，悬浮颗粒越大，液体或气体分子对其撞击越多，布朗运动越明显B ．温度升高，单位时间里从液体表面飞出的分子数增多，液体继续蒸发，饱和气压增大C ．液体表面层中分子间的距离比液体内部分子间距离大，所以宏观上液体表面存在张力D ．两个分子间距离增大时，它们之间的分子势能一定增大E ．一定质量的100℃水变成100℃水蒸气，其分子势能一定增加4．如图所示，一导热性能良好．．．．．的金属气缸静放在水平面上，活塞与气缸壁间的摩擦不计。

气缸内封闭了一定质量的气体，气体分子间的相互作用不计。

现缓慢地逐渐向活塞上倒一定质量的沙土，忽略环境温度的变化，在此过程中（ ）A. 气体的内能增大B. 气缸内分子的平均动能增大C. 单位时间内撞击气缸壁单位面积上的分子数一定增多D. 因为外界对气体做了功，所以气体的温度是升高的5．某自行车轮胎的容积为V ，里面已有压强为P 0的空气，现在要使轮胎内的气压增大到P ，设充气过程为等温过程，空气可看作理想气体，轮胎容积保持不变，则还要向轮胎充入温度相同，压强也是P 0，体积为（ ）的空气 A. 0P V P B. 0P V P C. 01P V P ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭ D. 01P V P ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭6．一定质量的理想气体，状态变化由a 到b 到c ，其P －t 图中直线ab 平行p 坐标轴，直线bc 通过坐标原点，三状态的体积分别为V a 、V b 、V c ，则根据图像可以判定（ ）A. a b V V >B. a b V V =C. b c V V >D. b c V V =6题 7题 8题7．如图为一定质量理想气体的体积V 与温度T 的关系图像，它由状态A 经等温过程到状态B ，再经等容过程到状态C 。