第15套真题题目--第1小题WORD题

Word题目请在【答题】菜单下选择【进入考生文件夹】命令，并按照题目要求完成下面的操作。

注意：以下的文件必须都保存在考生文件夹下北京计算机大学组织专家对《学生成绩管理系统》的需求方案进行评审，为使参会人员对会议流程和内容有一个清晰的了解，需要会议会务组提前制作一份有关评审会的秩序手册。

请根据考生文件夹下的文档"需求评审会.docx"和相关素材完成编排任务，具体要求如下：1.将素材文件"需求评审会.docx"另存为"评审会会议秩序册.docx"，并保存于考生文件夹下，以下的操作均基于"评审会会议秩序册.docx"文档进行。

2.设置页面的纸张大小为16开，页边距上下为2.8厘米、左右为3厘米,并指定文档每页为36行。

3.会议秩序册由封面、目录、正文三大块内容组成。

其中，正文又分为四个部分，每部分的标题均已经以中文大写数字一、二、三、四进行编排。

要求将封面、目录、以及正文中包含的四个部分分别独立设置为Word文档的一节。

页码编排要求为：封面无页码；目录采用罗马数字编排；正文从第一部分内容开始连续编码，起始页码为1（如采用格式-1-），页码设置在页脚右侧位置。

4.按照素材中"封面.jpg"所示的样例，将封面上的文字"北京计算机大学《学生成绩管理系统》需求评审会"设置为二号、华文中宋；将文字"会议秩序册"放置在一个文本框中，设置为竖排文字、华文中宋、小一；将其余文字设置为四号、仿宋，并调整到页面合适的位置。

5.将正文中的标题"一、报到、会务组"设置为一级标题，单倍行距、悬挂缩进2字符、段前段后为自动，并以自动编号格式"一、二、……"替代原来的手动编号。

其他三个标题"二、会议须知"、"三、会议安排"、"四、专家及会议代表名单"格式，均参照第一个标题设置。

***************************************************************************************试题说明本套试题共包括1套试卷每题均显示答案和解析证券投资顾问考试_证券投资顾问业务_真题模拟题及答案_第15套(117题)***************************************************************************************证券投资顾问考试_证券投资顾问业务_真题模拟题及答案_第15套1.[单选题]下列不属于客户财务信息的是（ ）。

A)A：财务状况末来发展趋势B)B：当期收入状况C)C：当期财务安排D)D：投资风险偏好答案:D解析:客户信息可简单分为财务信息和非财务信息两大类。

财务信息主要是指客户家庭的收支与资产负债状况，以及相关的财务安排（包括储蓄、投资、保险账户情况等。

）客户基本信息和个人兴趣、发展及预期目标属于非财务信息。

2.[单选题]人们越不喜欢现在。

时间偏好就（ ）。

A)A：越低B)B：越高C)C：不确定D)D：不变答案:A解析:人们越不喜欢现在，时间偏好就越低。

3.[单选题]公司分析的主要内容不包括（ ）。

A)A：基本分析B)B：财务分析C)C：重大事项分析D)D：前景分析答案:D公司分析的只要内容包括：基本分析、财务分析和重大事项分析。

4.[单选题]债券投资管理中的免疫法，主要运用了（ ）。

A)A：流动性偏好理论B)B：久期的特性C)C：理论期限结构的特性D)D：套利原理答案:B解析:久期和凸度对债券价格波动的风险管理具有重要意义，债券基金经理可以通过合理运用这两种工具实现资产组合现金流匹配和资产负债有效管理。

如果债券基金经理能够较好地确定持有期，那么就能够找到所有的久期等于持有期的债券，并选择凸性最高的债券。

这类策略称为免疫政策。

5.[单选题]单因素模型可以用一种证券的收益率和股价指数的收益率的相关关系得出以下模型：rit=Ai+βirrmt+εit,其中Ai表示（ ）。

高二上学期英语期末考试试卷一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）1. 阅读理解ArchitectDaniel Libeskind is the designer of such global landmarks as New York’s OneWorld Trade Center and Berlin’s Jewish Museum. In his new book, he reviews hislife’s work and its inspirations — including these books.Alice’sAdventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll. I loveLewis Carroll; he’s a total genius . His two classic works are children’sbooks for grown-ups because they show aspects of the creative mind that we allhave but seldom use in adulthood. Inspired by Carroll, I make a habit of tryingto learn seven amazing things before breakfast.Ulyssesby James Joyce. Joyce once said that if Dublin were destroyed, you couldrecreate the entire city from this novel. You can’t do urban planning withoutUlysses because it is a labyrinth you can never leave.InSearch of Lost Time by Marcel Proust. Proust’s great novel is really a book ofreflections about how architecture —our living spaces —creates a blueprint for our dreams, our desires, ouremotions, and our memories. Where we have lived, what we have eaten, and whatkind of cups we use — all of those aspects are examined here in minute detail.EmilyDickinson’s Herbarium by Emily Dickinson. From childhood onward, Dickinsoncollected, pressed, and classified the plants she grew in hergarden inAmherst. Through the pictures in this book, you can see how her poetry —allher symbols, all her metaphors , the colors she mentions —mirrorsnature. You don’t even have to read her poetry to see what a great artist shewas.（1）Which of the following books is set in Dublin?A . Ulysses.B . In Search of Lost Time.C . Through the Looking-Glass.D . Emily Dickinson’s Herbarium.（2）Whose book has pictures of various plants?A . James Joyce’s.B . Emily Dickinson’s.C . Marcel Proust’s.D . Lewis Carroll’s.（3）What can be learned about the books mentioned in the text?A . They are all novels.B . They are written for children.C . They offer inspirations for Daniel Libeskind.D . They focus on the power of nature.2. 阅读理解Home party marketing originated in America inthe early twentieth century. At that time, direct selling had become a verycommon part of American life. Door-to-door salesmen would travel throughout thecountry selling anything from sewing machines to cure-all medicines. In 1931, aman named Frank Stanley Beveridge who had dug enough gold by doing this sellingstarted a company called Stanley Home Products. The company sold cleaningsupplies to housewives.Soon after Mr. Beveridge began his company,one of his salesmen began selling Stanley products at home parties. Thesalesman would organize aStanley Party where he could give a cleaningdemonstration to a room full of guests.It allowed him to sell Stanley products to many different customers at once,and it proved to be much more effective than standard door-to-door sales. Thepractice quickly became the main marketing strategy of Stanley Home Products.Next, during the 1940s, many housewivesstarted selling Stanley products to make extra money for their families. Thejob was perfect for housewives because Stanley sellers could work from home andset their own schedules. A single mother named Brownie Wise took full advantageof this opportunity and quickly became one of Stanley’s top sellers.Not long after that, she started her owndirect selling business called Tupperware Patio Parties, which focused onselling a new type of plastic food container, Tupperware, using the Stanleyhome party system. Wise had realized Tupperware was perfect for the home partysystem. She could show her customers its patented airtight seal, and she could also take away their anxiety aboutthe safety of plastics -a fairly new invention at the time. Wise’s company wasvery successful, and it was soon selling more Tupperware than departmentstores.Today, many othercompanies have adopted home party marketing plans. So, next time you leavefriend’s party with a hundred dollars’ worth of new Tupperware or jewelry, youcan thank Frank Stanley Beveridge and Brownie Wise for your unintendedpurchase.（1）What do we know about Frank Stanley Beveridge?A . He was an inventor of many home products.B . He was an experienced door-to-door salesman.C . He was the president of Tupperware Patio Parties.D . He was the first person to organize a Stanley Party.（2）Why was being a home party seller a perfect job for housewives?A . They liked holding parties at their house.B . They could make some money quickly.C . They needed hardly any pre-job training.D . They could work under a flexible schedule.（3）According to Wise, why was Tupperware perfect for the home party system?A . It was liked by party organizers.B . It required a demonstration.C . It sold badly in department stores.D . It was especially made for the system.（4）This text is organized in the pattern of ____________.A . time and eventsB . comparison and contrastC . cause and effectD . argument and explanation3. 阅读理解Christina Horsten and Felix Zeltner tried notto panic when they were hit with a $400 rent increase on their Park Slopeapartment in 2016, and realized they would have to move for the second time intwo years. Instead of feeling intimidated by the unexpected event, theyhit upon an unconventional idea: Why not move to a new neighborhood every monthfor a year?At first, things went remarkably well. Theyfound their next apartment, a beautiful apartment in Chinatown. The next monthsbrought stops in Staten Island and Harlem. As September approached, their nextplace to live proveddifficult to find. When their Harlem lease ended, they took a road trip, then fell for a falseadvertisement in Sunset Park, Brooklyn, when an apartment they found advertisedonline wasn’t actually available to rent. And eventually they got their moneyback through Paypal. “That was rock bottom,” Ms. Horsten said.Over the rest of the year, they spent time ina townhouse in Mott Haven, as well as apartments in Chelsea, the East Village,Hell’s Kitchen, and Williamsburg. “In the end, we were like, ‘Why shouldwe even stop doing this?’ “Ms. Horsten said. But then a lease takeover on Listings Project caught their attention: a two-bedroom apartment atop an UpperWest Side townhouse.A second daughter, Lily, was born in January.And with a newborn, they have no intention of moving again anytime soon. Still,many aspects of their adventure have remained with them. “In the same waythat we’ve tried to keep minimalism in our life, we try tostay in touch with all the people we’ve met,” Ms. Horsten said. “Werealized it was a lifelong project to try to get to know NewYork City,”she added. But the re is one member of the household eagerly waiting for arepeat: their 4-year-old daughter Emma.” I think she loved it the most,”Ms. Horsten said. “At all the places we stayed, she found things I nevernoticed: children’s books, a dollhouse, a drum set. Even now, she’s like, ‘Whenare we moving to a new home?’ And we’re like, ‘We kind of like it here.’ “（1）What does the underlined word “intimidated” in Paragraph1 mean?A . Frightened.B . Surprised.C . Embarrassed.D . Confused.（2）While looking for a place to stay, where was the couple nearly cheated?A . In Chinatown.B . In Sunset Park.C . In Staten Island.D . In Harlem.（3）What’s the couple’s plan for next month?A . Buying a townhouse in Brooklyn.B . Staying in the apartment in the Upper West Side.C . Donating their daughter’s toys to those living nearby.D . Looking for a two-bedroom apartment for their newborn.（4）What is the best title for the text?A . East or west, home is best.B . Where to start, where to end.C . Wherever you are, there is home.D . Another month, another neighborhood.4. 阅读理解Medical developments and discoveries oftenprovide the best things for controversies .This is because whenevera new discovery or theory is proposed, there is always disagreement. Only viaobjective scientific evidence can such arguments be cleared. But, as is oftenthe case, a clear solution is not instantly found. However, once the technologycatches up with the area of the discovery, it shows exactly how valid thetheory is. Since this is a slow process and can take years, the development ofcontroversies is unavoidable.Over the years, various such controversieshave been developed, examined, and either rejected, or proved right for thegood of mankind. Now read the following examples.Firstly, cancer was largely regarded as anincurable disease, since its exactcause was unknown. Later, professors anddoctors came up with various theories regarding the cause. Some claimed it wasthe result of chemical processes, while others believed it was a sort ofpoison. After a few decades, a doctor proposed that cancer was caused by theinhalation of pollutants, in theform of smoke, gas, etc. His claim was rejected by many researchers anddoctors. However, due to various scientific studies, this claim is now clearlycommon knowledge, though there may be other causes.Many people worry that the use of cell phonescan cause cancer. Recent studies suggest that this common threat is actuallyquite true. Numerous studies indicate that the long usage of cell phones increases the risk of developing brain tumors.After the discovery of X-rays, they werewidely used, from doctors’ clinics to shoe stores to see the fit of shoes.People thought they could offer the benefit of visualizing the skeleton of a person without causing any danger to the person. However,in 1956, the National Academy of Science reported the harmful effects of theserays on the human body, and the practice was then given up. Presently, we allknow that exposure to X-rays may lead to radiation poisoning, tissue breakdown,and even death.（1）What may stop the scientific evidence of a theory being found quickly?A . Agreement among scientists.B . The lack of professional researchers.C . Technological limitations.D . The lack of motivation for investigating.（2）Different scientific studies have proved that _________.A . cancer is not an incurable diseaseB . cancer is caused by chemical processesC . air pollution is becoming more seriousD . air pollution is one of the causes of cancer（3）How is the passage mainly developed?A . By giving examples.B . By making comparisons.C . By following time order.D . By making classifications.（4）What is the purpose of the passage?A . To remove people’s misunderstanding of medicine.B . To report the most recent medical development.C . To find good solutions to medical problems.D . To stress the development of controversies.二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）5. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2023年全国计算机等级考试十五级真题2023年全国计算机等级考试十五级真题2023年全国计算机等级考试十五级真题是计算机专业学生们备战考试的重要参考资料。

通过解答这些真题，学生们可以更好地了解考试的难度和内容要求，对复习和备考进行有针对性的提升。

下面将介绍几道典型的真题，以帮助学生们更好地理解考试要求。

【题一】操作系统是计算机系统的核心软件之一，主要负责管理计算机硬件和软件资源。

操作系统对于计算机系统的性能和稳定性起着至关重要的作用。

请简要描述操作系统的功能以及其在计算机领域的重要性。

操作系统是计算机系统中的软件核心，具有以下重要功能。

1.进程管理：操作系统负责调度和管理计算机系统中的各个进程，确保它们按照一定的顺序执行，实现合理的资源分配和优化性能。

2.内存管理：操作系统负责管理计算机的内存资源，包括内存的分配、回收和调度，保证进程能够正常运行。

3.文件系统管理：操作系统负责管理计算机中的文件和目录，提供文件的读写、创建、删除等常用操作，保证数据的安全和可靠性。

4.设备管理：操作系统负责管理计算机中的硬件设备，包括输入输出设备和外部设备的管理和控制，保证它们能够正常工作。

操作系统在计算机领域起着重要的作用，具体体现在以下几个方面。

1.提高计算机系统的利用率：操作系统合理调度和管理计算机资源，提高系统的利用率，使计算机可以更高效地完成各种任务。

2.保障计算机系统的稳定性：操作系统负责管理计算机系统中的各个组成部分，及时发现并解决系统中的错误和问题，保障系统的稳定性。

3.方便用户的操作：操作系统通过提供图形用户界面等友好的交互方式，使得用户可以更加便捷地使用计算机，实现各种功能。

【题二】数据库是计算机系统中的核心组件之一，广泛应用于各个领域的数据存储和管理。

请简要介绍数据库的特点以及其在现代社会中的应用。

数据库具有以下特点：1.数据的共享和集中管理：数据库可以集中存储和管理大量的数据，不同用户可以共享这些数据，提高数据的利用率。

***************************************************************************************试题说明本套试题共包括1套试卷每题均显示答案和解析中级经济师考试_保险专业_真题模拟题及答案_第15套(99题)***************************************************************************************中级经济师考试_保险专业_真题模拟题及答案_第15套1.[单选题]根据我国《保险法》，投保人违反如实告知义务，自（ ）超过二年的，保险人不得解除合同。

A)合同成立之日起B)合同生效之日起C)保险责任开始之日D)违反如实告知义务之日起答案:A解析:考核保险人行使解除权的除斥期间。

《保险法》第三十六条第三款规定："前款规定的合同解除权，自保险人知道有解除事由之日起，超过三十日不行使而消灭。

自合同成立之日起超过二年的，保险人不得解除合同；发生保险事故的，保险人应当承担赔偿或者给付保险金的责任。

"2.[单选题]根据我国《保险法》，投保人对（ ）可能不具有保险利益。

A)父母B)非婚生子女C)自己的员工D)前妻答案:D解析:考核我国保险法关于人身保险利益的确认原则及具体形式。

我国现行《保险法》对人身保险利益的确认采取利益和同意兼顾的原则。

我国《保险法》规定：本人、配偶、子女、父母；其他与投保人有抚养、赡养或者抚养关系的家庭成员、近亲属；与投保人有劳动关系的劳动者；被保险人同意投保人为其订立合同的，视为投保人对被保险人具有保险利益。

投保人对前妻不具有保险利益。

3.[单选题]下列属于定额给付保险合同的是（ ）。

A)海上保险合同B)保证保险合同C)人寿保险合同D)运输工具保险合同C解析:定额保险合同是指当保险合同约定的事故发生时，保险人按照合同约定的保险金额给付保险金的保险合同。

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）语文本试卷分第I卷（阅读题）和第II卷（表达题）两部分，第I卷第1页至第6页，第II卷第7页至第8页。

全卷满分150分，考试时间150分钟。

考生注意事项：1．答题前，务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号、并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、座位号、与本人姓名、座位号是否一致。

务必在答题卡背面规定的地方填写姓名和座位号后两位。

2．答选择题（第I卷1~6题，第II卷15~17题）时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上．．．．对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

3．答非选择题（第I卷7~14题，第II卷18~21题）时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上．．．．规．．．．书写，要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。

作图题可先用铅笔在答题卡上定的位置绘出，确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。

必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域的的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．4．考试结束，务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第I卷（阅读题共66分）一、（9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。

有人说到“经”，便有意无意地把它等同于“经典”，而提起“中国经典”，就转换成“儒家经典”。

这种观念有些偏狭。

中国经典绝不是儒家一家经典可以独占的，也应当包括其他经典，就像中国传统是“复数的”传统一样。

首先，中国经典应当包括佛教经典，也应当包括道教经典。

要知道，“三教合一”实在是东方的中国与西方的欧洲在文化领域中最不同的地方之一，也是古代中国政治世界的一大特色，即使是古代中国的皇帝，不仅知道“王霸道杂之”，也知道要“儒家治世，佛教治心，道教治身”，绝不只用一种武器。

因此，回顾中国文化传统时，仅仅关注儒家的思想和经典，恐怕是过于狭窄了。

即使是儒家，也包含了相当复杂的内容，有偏重“道德自觉”的孟子和偏重“礼法治世”的荀子，有重视宇宙天地秩序的早期儒家和重视心性理气的新儒家。

中考模拟第15套一、单项题：1. 在文件名中能够判断文件类型的是（）A . 不能判断B . 主文件名C . 扩展名D . 主文件名或扩展名2.“传输控制协议/互联网络协议”简称为（）协议。

A . HTTPB . POPC . TCP/IPD . SMTP3.许多城市都有交通广播电台实时播报交通路况。

下列说法中有误的是（）A . 交通广播在一定程度上缓解了堵车状况，体现了信息的价值B . 交通广播传递给成千上万的听众，体现了信息的共享性C . 小林在广播中听到滨河大道畅通，30分钟后抵达却发现路上排起了长龙，说明交通广播完全没有可信性D . 汽车大都装有收音机，因此广播信号作为交通信息的传播载体是非常合适的4.在Word2003文档中插入一个表格，不可以使用（）A . 工具栏上的按钮B . 工具栏上的按钮C . “插入”菜单命令D . “表格”菜单命令5.以下哪个文件是Word2003的模板文件（）A . 唱响青春.dotB . 魅力古城.txtC . 报名表.docD . 蝶恋花.exe6.在Excel2003中，对数据进行排序时，最多可以使用（）个关键字。

A . 4B . 2C . 1D . 37.PowerPoint2003中，通过修改（）可以将所有幻灯片的背景色、字体格式等外观做统一调整。

A . 页脚页眉B . 替换C . 大纲视图D . 幻灯片母版8.【超纲】略9.林红同学想用Photoshop去掉下图梅花的蓝色背景，最合适的工具是（）A .B .C .D .10.【超纲】略二、判断题：1.资源管理器窗口可以清楚地显示整个计算机“资源”的树形分布结构。

（）2.Word2003提供了多种文档显示方式，包括普通视图、页面视图、大纲视图、Web版式视图等。

（）3.幻灯片可以设置为循环放映，直到按ESC键结束。

（）4.Photoshop是图像处理软件，所以不能处理文字。

（）5.【超纲】略三、打字在VB程序的表达式中，用来改变运算顺序的括号只能使用“（）”，而不能使用“[]”和“｛｝”。

***************************************************************************************试题说明本套试题共包括1套试卷答案和解析在每套试卷后证券分析师资格考试_发布证券研究报告业务_真题模拟题及答案_第15套(117题)***************************************************************************************证券分析师资格考试_发布证券研究报告业务_真题模拟题及答案_第15套1.[单选题]下列指标中，不属于相对估值指标的是（ ）。

A)市值回报增长比B)市净率C)自由现金流D)市盈率2.[单选题]对于股指期货来说。

当出现期价高估时.套利者可以（ ）。

A)垂直套利B)反向套利C)水平套利D)正向套利3.[单选题]（ ）指标的计算不需要使用现金流量表。

A)现金到期债务比B)每股净资产C)每股经营现金流量D)全部资产现金回收率4.[单选题]一个口袋中有7个红球3个白球，从袋中任取一任球，看过颜色后是白球则放回袋中，直至取到红球，然后再取一球，假设每次取球时各个球被取到的可能性相同，求第一、第二次都取到红球的概率（ ）。

A)7/10B)7/15C)7/20D)7/305.[单选题]可转换证券的市场价格一般保持在它的投资价值和转换价值（ ）。

A)之和B)之间C)之上D)之下6.[单选题]套期保值的本质是（ ）。

A)获益B)保本C)风险对冲D)流动性7.[单选题]证券分析师从业人员后续职业培训学时为（ ）学时。

A)10B)15C)20D)258.[单选题]通货膨胀是货币的一种非均衡状态，当观察到（ ）现象时，就可以认为出现了通货膨胀。

A)某种商品价格上涨B)有效需求小于有效供给C)一般物价水平持续上涨D)太少的货币追逐太多的商品9.[单选题]套期保值者的目的是（ ）。

***************************************************************************************试题说明本套试题共包括1套试卷每题均显示答案和解析教师资格证考试_幼儿_保教知识与能力_真题模拟题及答案_第15套(16题)***************************************************************************************教师资格证考试_幼儿_保教知识与能力_真题模拟题及答案_第15套1.[单选题]婴儿极少对母亲不在身边表现不安，当母亲回到身边时，他们也避免与母亲的相互作用，不理睬母亲与他们交往的表示。

这类婴儿的依恋类型是（ ）A)安全型B)回避型C)矛盾型D)混乱型答案:B解析:回避型的幼儿母亲在场或不在场对这类幼儿影响不大。

母亲离开时，他们并无特别紧张或忧虑的表现。

母亲回来了，他们往往也不予理会，有时也会欢迎母亲的到来。

但只是暂时的，接近一下又走开了。

有的人把这类幼儿称为“无依恋的幼儿”。

2.[单选题]被称为科学教育学的奠基人的是（ ）A)康德B)夸美纽斯C)赫尔巴特D)杜威答案:C解析:赫尔巴特在1806年出版了《普通教育学》，这是世界教育学史第一部冠名为“教育学”的专著：在西方教育学史上，赫尔巴特被誉为“科学教育学的奠基人”。

3.[单选题]幼儿园投放的优秀活动材料的特征不包括（ ）。

A)能够引起幼儿反应的材料B)现实生活中触手可及的物品C)先进的电子玩具D)能引起幼儿参与和学习行为的材料C解析:幼儿园投放的活动材料应该是能够使幼儿有所反应的材料；应该在提供时考虑到儿童的年龄，对于各年龄阶段的儿童，提供不同的操作材料；应该能够引起儿童参与和学习行为；应该包括一些现实生活中触手可及的物品；能够促进儿童某项技能的学习。

4.[单选题]中班幼儿喜欢告状，它体现的幼儿情感是（ ）。

第15套Thermal StratificationParagraph1Physical characteristics of aquatic environments at different depths such as salt level, light,inorganic nutrients,degree of acidity,and pressure all play key roles in the distribution of organisms.One of the most important physical features is thermal stratification.Paragraph2When solar radiation strikes water,some is reflected,but most penetrates the surface and is ultimately absorbed.Although water may appear transparent,it is much denser than air and absorbs radiation rapidn clear water,99percent of the solar radiation is absorbed in the upper50to100meters.Longer wavelengths of light are absorbed first; the shorter wavelengths(which have more energy)penetrate farther,giving the depths their characteristic blue color.1.The word ultimately in the passage is closest in meaning toA.probablyB.quicklyC.eventuallyD.frequently2.According to paragraph2,which of the following is true about solar radiationwhen it strikes waterA.Longer wavelengths travel farther.B.Most of it is absorbed near the surface.C.It is not absorbed by cloudy water.D.More long wavelengths than short wavelengths are absorbed.Paragraph3This rapid absorption of sunlight by water has two important consequences.First,it means that photosynthesis the process by which plants use the energy of sunlight to produce the organic carbon compounds necessary for life can only occur in surface waters where the light intensity is sufficiently high.Species that produce their own organic carbon compounds are called primary producers,and they are the base of the marine food web.Virtually all of the photosynthesis that supports the rich life of oceans and lakes comes from plants living in the upper10to30meters of water. Along shores and in very shallow bodies of water,some species such as kelp are rooted to the bottom.These plants may attain considerable size and structural complexity,and may support diverse communities of organisms.In the open waters that cover much of the globe,however,the primary producers of organic carbon are tiny,often one-celled algae(called phytoplankton),which are suspended in the water.Zooplankton,tiny invertebrates that feed on phytoplankton,migrate vertically on a daily cycle:up into the surface waters at night to feed and down into the dark,deeper waters during the day to escape predatory fish that rely on light to detect prey.3.The word virtually in the passage is closest in meaning toA.ApparentlyuallyC.NearlyD.Fortunately4.According to paragraph3,all of the following are true of kelp EXCEPT:A.They are found at the bottom of shallow waters.B.They are the primary producers of organic carbon.C.They can grow very large.D.They are a source of food for a variety of organisms.5.The word suspended in the passage is closest in meaning toA.dissolvedB.floatingC.invisibleD.released6.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Zooplankton move up into surface waters at night to feed on phytoplankton,and down into deep,dark waters in daytime to avoid detection by predatory fish.B.Zooplankton migrate vertically on a daily basis in order to feed on phytoplankton, following them up into surface waters by day and down into dark,deeper waters at night.C.Unlike zooplankton,which migrate between surface waters and deeper waters, predatory fish must rely on the daytime light of surface waters to detect prey.D.Zooplankton are so tiny that they can only be detected by predatory fish in the light conditions of surface water,where they feed on phytoplankton.Paragraph4Second,the rapid absorption of sunlight by water means that only surface water is heated.The density of pure water is greatest at4degrees and declines as the water's temperature rises above or falls below this point.When solar radiation heats the water surface above4¡ãC,the warm surface water becomes lighter than the cool,deeper water,and so tends to remain on the surface,where it may be heated further and become even less dense.In tropical areas and in temperate climates during the summer,the surfaces of oceans and lakes are usually covered by a thin layer of warmwater.Unless these bodies of water are shallow,the deep water below this layer is much colder(sometimes near4degrees).The change in temperature between the warm surface water and the cold,deep water is called the thermocline.Mixing of the surface water by wave action determines the depth of the thermocline and maintains relatively constant temperatures in the water above it.7.According to paragraph4,what is a thermoclineA.The deep,cold layer of water below the surface of oceans and lakesB.The thin layer of warm water on the surface of oceans and lakesC.The change in density of surface water as it is continually heatedD.The point at which the temperature of water in oceans and lakes changes from warm to coldParagraph5Tropical lakes and oceans show pronounced permanent stratification of their physical properties,with warm,well-oxygenated,and lighted surface water giving way to frigid,dark,deep water almost devoid of oxygen.Oxygen cannot be replenished at great depths where there are no photosynthetic organisms to produce it,and the stable thermal stratification prevents mixing and reoxygenation by surface water.Only relatively few organisms can live in such extreme conditions.The waste products and dead bodies of organisms living in the surface waters sink to the depths,taking their mineral nutrients with them.The lack of vertical circulation thus limits the supply of nutrients to the phytoplankton above.Consequently,deep tropical lakes are often relatively unproductive and depend on continued input from streams for the nutrients required to support life.8.The word replenished in the passage is closest in meaning toA.absorbedB.restoredC.containedD.obtained9.According to paragraph5,all of the following are true of the water at great depths in tropical lakes EXCEPT:A.It has less oxygen than the surface water does.B.It is very dark.C.It contains relatively few living organisms.D.It has low levels of mineral nutrients.Paragraph6The situation is somewhat different in temperate and polar waters.Deep lakes,in particular,undergo dramatic seasonal changes:they develop warm surface temperatures and a pronounced thermocline in summer,but freeze over in winter. Twice each year,in spring and fall,the entire water column attains equal temperatureand equal density;moderate winds may then generate waves that mix deep and shallow water,producing what is called overturn.This semiannual mixing carries oxygen downward and returns inorganic nutrients to the surface.Phosphorus and other nutrients may be depleted during the summer;overturn replenishes these nutrients by stimulating the growth of phytoplankton.10.The word dramatic in the passage is closest in meaning toA.partialplexC.frequentD.striking11.According to paragraph6,after overturn,deep water levels of lakes in temperate climates will contain increased amounts ofA.warm waterB.phosphorusC.oxygenD.phytoplankton12.According to paragraphs5and6,temperate lakes are in general more productive than tropical lakes becauseA.temperate lakes receive more nutrients from incoming streamsB.the summer thermocline is relatively deep in temperate lakesC.solar radiation penetrates more of the water in temperate lakesD.temperate lakes experience vertical circulation of waterParagraph2When solar radiation strikes water,some is reflected,but most penetrates the surface and is ultimately absorbed.[A]Although water may appear transparent,it is much denser than air and absorbs radiation rapidly.[B]In clear water,99percent of the solar radiation is absorbed in the upper50to100meters.[C]Longer wavelengths of light are absorbed first;the shorter wavelengths(which have more energy)penetrate farther,giving the depths their characteristic blue color.[D]13.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.If the water is clouded by many microscopic organisms,absorption occurs even closer to the surface.Where would the sentence best fit?Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.14.Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong.To review the passage,click on View Text.Answer ChoicesA.Sunlight is rapidly absorbed by the upper layer of water,which makes it warmer and consequently less dense than the water below.B.Photosynthesizing plants,which provide the food and oxygen for most other forms of aquatic life,are limited to the levels of oceans and lakes where sunlight is available.C.The diversity of plant life in shallow water makes it attractive to zooplankton.D.As water becomes less dense and moves to the surface of the ocean or lake,it cools down and moderates the temperature of the surface.E.Because more solar energy is absorbed by bodies of water in the tropics,the topmost layer of the thermocline is widest there.F.In the tropics,permanent thermal stratification limits the amount of life supported in deep bodies of water;however,in temperate climates,seasonal thermal stratification allows vertical circulation and mixing of water,allowing the support of more life.Live PerformanceParagraph1Unlike video and cinema(although sometimes employing elements of both),the theater is a living,real-time event,with both performers and audience mutually interacting,each aware of the other's immediate presence.This turns out to be an extremely important distinction.Distinguished film stars,particularly those with theater backgrounds(as most have),routinely return to the live dramatic stage despite the substantially greater financial rewards of film work and invariably prefer stage acting because of the immediate audience response theater provides,with its corresponding sensations of excitement and presence.1.The word distinction in the passage is closest in meaning toA.ideaB.blendC.definitionD.difference2.Paragraph1makes which of the following points about theater and filmA.Theater audiences tend to be more critical than film audiences.B.Actors in the theater are usually not as well-known as film actors.C.Theater companies tend to pay more than film companies do for the most distinguished actors.D.Audiences respond to actors differently in theater than in film.3.Paragraph1suggests that the reason distinguished film stars return to live theater is that theyA.are able to command higher fees as well-known actorsB.enjoy the excitement of performing before a live audienceC.have great respect for theatrical drama as an art formD.are dissatisfied with the roles they are offered in films and television Paragraph2The first of these is the rapport existing between actor and audience.[A]Both are breathing the same air;both are involved at the same time and in the same space with the stage life depicted by the play.[B]Sometimes their mutual fascination is almost palpable;every actor's performance is affected by the way the audience yields or withholds its responses:its laughter,sighs,applause,gasps,silences.[C]Live theatrical performance is always a two-way communication between stage and house.[D]4.The word rapport in the passage is closest in meaning toA.excitementB.balanceC.bondD.fascinationParagraph3Second,theater creates a relationship among the audience members.Having arrived at the theaters as individuals or in groups of two or three,the audience members quickly find themselves fused into a common experience with total strangers:laughing at the same jokes,empathizing with the same characters,experiencing the same revelations. This broad communal response is never developed by television drama,which is played chiefly to solitary or clustered viewers who(because of frequent commercial advertisements)are only intermittently engaged,nor is it likely to happen in movie houses,where audience members essentially assume a one-on-one relationship with the screen and rarely(except in private or group screenings)break out in a powerful collective response,much less applause.By contrast,live theatrical presentations generate audience activity that is broadly social in nature:the crowd arrives at the theater at about the same time,people mingle and chat during intermissions,and all depart together,often in spirited conversation about the play.Moreover,they communicate during the play:laughter and applause build upon themselves and gain strength from the recognition that others are laughing and applauding.The final ovation unique to live performance inevitably involves the audience applauding itself, as well as the performers,for understanding and appreciating the theatrical excellence they have all seen together.And plays with political themes can even generate collective political response.In a celebrated example,1935s Waiting for Lefty was staged as if the audience were a group of union members;by the play's end the audience was yelling Strike!Strike!in response to the play's issues.Obviously,only a live performance could evoke such a response.5.In paragraph3,which of the following is mentioned as support for the statementthat This broad communal response is never developed by television dramaA.Television drama is rarely about serious social issues.B.People do not usually talk to each other while watching television.C.Television audiences vary greatly in their interest in television dramas.D.People do not typically watch television in large groups.6.According to paragraph3,movie house audiences are different from audiences at live theatrical performances because movie house audiences do notA.enjoy humor and jokes as much as theater audiences doB.develop broad communal responsesC.sympathize with the characters they see dramatizedD.generally applaud unless everyone else is applauding7.Why does the author mention the play Waiting for LeftyA.To illustrate the power of the communal response to playsB.To argue that plays about political subjects have more power to evoke deepfeelings in an audience than nonpolitical plays doC.To provide an example of a play that was a popular success because it dealt withimportant political issuesD.To compare the political importance of plays in recent times with the politicalimportance of earlier playsParagraph4Finally,live performance inevitably has the quality of immediacy.The action of the play is taking place right now,as it is being watched,and anything can happen. Although in most professional productions the changes that occur in performance from one night to another are so subtle that only an expert would notice,the fact is that each night's presentation is unique,and everyone present the audience,the cast, and those behind the scenes knows it.This awareness lends an excitement that cannot be achieved by theatrical events that are wholly in the can.One reason for the excitement,of course,is that in live performance,mistakes can happen;this possibility occasions a certain abiding tension,perhaps even an edge of stage fright, which some people say creates the ultimate thrill of the theater.But just as disaster can come without warning,so too can splendor.On any given night,each actor is trying to better his or her previous performance,and no one knows when this collective effort will coalesce into something sublime.The actors'constant striving toward self-transcendence gives the theater a vitality that is missing from performances fixed unalterably on videotape or celluloid.But perhaps most appropriately,the immediacy of live performance embodies the fundamental uncertainty of life.One prime function of theater is to address the uncertainties of human existence,and the very format of live performance presents a moment-to-moment uncertainty right before our eyes.Ultimately,this immediate theater helps us define the questions and confusions of our lives and lets us grapple,in the present,with their implications.8.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Although experts can detect the changes that occur in different performances,the changes are too subtle to be noticed by anyone else.B.Although their performances vary only subtly from one night to another,actors in most professional productions want audiences to believe that every performance is unique.C.Everyone involved in the professional production of a play knows that very small, almost unnoticeable changes make each performance unique.D.In most professional productions,changes are included from one performance to another that are intended to make every performance a unique one.9.The word thrill in the passage is closest in meaning toA.goalB.weaknessC.meaningD.excitement10.The word vitality in the passage is closest in meaning toA.styleB.energyC.purposeD.quality11.According to paragraph4,on any given night the result of actors'efforts to better their previous performances is that the actorsA.form long-lasting relationships with the audienceB.are better able to overcome their stage frightC.create a quality that is not present in film or televisionD.are more likely to be admired by audiences12.It can be inferred from paragraph4that one of the reasons filmed performances are less exciting than live theatrical performances is becauseA.there is little chance that a mistake will occur in a filmed performanceB.most movies portray situations that audiences have seen beforeC.audiences are interested in seeing famous actors live rather than on a screenD.most people are accustomed to going to the movies but view the theater as a special event13.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Such signs of an audience's engagement thus become part of every performance.Where would the sentence best fit?Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.The first of these is the rapport existing between actor and audience.[A]Both are breathing the same air;both are involved at the same time and in the same space with the stage life depicted by the play.[B]Sometimes their mutual fascination is almost palpable;every actor's performance is affected by the way the audience yields or withholds its responses:its laughter,sighs,applause,gasps,silences.[C]Live theatrical performance is always a two-way communication between stage and house.[D]14.Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong.To review the passage,click on View Text.Answer ChoicesA.Although live theater is unlike either video or cinema,the different genressometimes overlap.B.While live theater is regarded by most film actors as the most exciting place toperform,many are too troubled by stage fright to perform live.C.In the theater,there is a two-way communication between actor and audience thathas an effect on the actor's performance.D.Audiences at live theatrical performances form a special connection,sharing thecommon experience of reacting to a live theatrical performance.E.Many people go to the theater excited to see in a live performance an actor thatthey have never seen before except on television or in films.F.The excitement of live theater cannot be achieved in any other medium,and itsimmediacy and uncertainty help us deal with life's fundamental uncertainty.Earthquake Prediction（此篇17年3月25日考到了）Paragraph1Accurate prediction of earthquakes is not currently possible,although intensive research is proceeding in many areas.Paragraph2Two types of earthquake prediction are theoretically possible.The first type is long-term forecasting,in which the probability of an earthquake along a particular segment of a within a certain time interval is calculated by studying seismic gaps and historical records of earthquakes that have occurred along that fault segment.By plotting the number of earthquakes within specific time intervals against their magnitudes,diagrams can be constructed for a local area.From this plot it is possible to determine the recurrence interval,or the average time interval between earthquakes of a specific magnitude.Predictions can then be made that an earthquake of thatmagnitude has a high probability of occurrence within a specified time interval,if the date of the last earthquake is known.1.The word specified in the passage is closest in meaning toA.probableB.statedC.shortD.typical2.According to paragraph2,all of the following information is used in the process of long-term earthquake prediction EXCEPT theA.analysis of seismic gapsB.record of past earthquakes in the fault areaC.date of the last recorded earthquake in the areaD.pattern of earthquake activity in other nearby fault segments3.According to paragraph2,long-term forecasting can be used to predict which of the followingA.The influence of earthquake activity in one segment of the fault area on othersegmentsB.The frequency with which earthquakes of a certain size will occurC.The possible date of the next earthquakeD.The magnitude of the next earthquakeParagraph3Research leading to short-term forecasting,which involves a shorter time interval,has been focused on precursors observed prior to previous earthquakes.Precursors are physical or chemical phenomena that occur in a typical pattern before an earthquake. These phenomena include changes in the velocity of seismic waves,the electrical resistance of rocks,the frequency of the usually minor preliminary earthquakes (foreshocks),the deformation of the land surface,and the water level or water chemistry of wells in the area.Many of these precursors can be explained by a theory called the dilatancy model.Under this hypothesis,rocks in the process of strain along a fault show significant dilation or swelling before rupture.This volume increase is caused by the opening of microcracks,which are minute failure zones in weaker mineral grains in the rock and along grain boundaries.Groundwater flows into the highly stressed areas during the formation of microcracks.These changes in density and water content affect the ability of the rock to transmit seismic waves and conduct electricity.Therefore,seismic-wave velocity and electrical resistance progressively change as the overall rupture along the fault draws near.Localized changes in land-surface elevation are also related to volume changes at depth.An area of recent uplift along the San Andreas Fault near Los Angeles,which has been named the Palmdale Bulge,is being monitored in great detail as a possible indicator of a future earthquake.4.The word focused in the passage is closest in meaning toA.dependentB.fundedC.concentratedD.published5.Paragraph3mentions all of the following as examples of precursors EXCEPTA.changes in the speed of seismic wavesB.changes in the availability of electricityC.changes in the frequency of foreshocksD.changes in land surfaces6.According to the dilatancy model,what happens to rocks shortly before an earthquakeA.They lose significant amounts of moisture.B.They show signs of expanding.C.They move downward at great speed.D.They increase in temperature.7.According to paragraph3,the groundwater that flows into microcracks before an earthquake causesA.changes in seismic waves and electrical activityB.increases in the mineral content of rocksC.the disappearance of grain boundaries in rocksD.a release in the tension of highly stressed areas of rocks8.The author discusses the San Andreas Fault near Los Angeles in order toA.contrast past and future patterns of earthquake activity in the areaB.give an example of an area where underground earthquake activity is apparentfrom land changes above the groundC.explain why recent earthquake predictions have increased accuracyD.suggest that some areas of earthquake activity are easier to monitor than others Paragraph4Volume changes and groundwater movement may be reflected by changes in water levels in wells and also by changes in the chemical composition of groundwater. Radon gas has been observed to increase in wells prior to earthquakes.These increases are perhaps related to the release of radon gas from rocks during the formation of microcracks.The pattern of seismic activity is also significant in the vicinity of a fault area where rupture is imminent.This pattern consists of an initial rise in the number of small events,followed by a decline in foreshocks just prior to the major earthquake.The decline may represent a temporary increase in rock strength before the newly formed microcracks are filled with water.9.According to paragraph4,which of the following occurs just before an earthquakeA.The chemical content of groundwater drops.B.The rocks weaken as they fill with water.C.Seismic activity decreases.D.Radon gas causes microcracks to form.10.The word imminent in the passage is closest in meaning toA.frequentB.well understoodC.known to occurD.about to happenParagraph5The precursor phenomena can be grouped into stages according to the dilatancy model.Stage I consists of a gradual stress buildup along the fault.Stages II and III are correlated with dilatancy and water influx.Stage IV is the major earthquake,and stage V is the aftermath of the event.[A]If every earthquake followed the sequence with uniform stage duration,earthquake prediction would be a simple matter.[B]Instead of following the same patterns,each earthquake is unique in terms of specific precursor behavior patterns and length of precursor stages.[C]A magnitude6.9North American earthquake in1989was preceded by a substantially smaller magnitude5 earthquake fifteen months before the event.[D]Another foreshock of similar size occurred two months before the event.In each case,a public advisory was issued stating that those smaller earthquakes could be foreshocks to a stronger earthquake within five days.However,the fault did not cooperate,and those predictions were not successful.Continued research and study of future earthquakes will certainly lead to refinement of the dilatancy model or to a replacement model with more accurate predictive capabilities.11.How is paragraph5organizedA.The sequence of earthquake stages is given,and the effect of variable stage lengthon earthquake prediction is explained.B.The earthquake stages are named,and the most important stage is illustrated with aspecific earthquake event.C.The sequence of earthquake stages is given,and evidence is presented that theintervals between stages are roughly equal in length.D.The earthquake stages are first named,and each is then described in greater detail.12.The word refinement in the passage is closest in meaning toA.reconsiderationB.acceptanceC.improvementD.extension13.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.But the reality of earthquake forecasting is considerably more complex. Where would the sentence best fit?Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.The precursor phenomena can be grouped into stages according to the dilatancy model.Stage I consists of a gradual stress buildup along the fault.Stages II and III are correlated with dilatancy and water influx.Stage IV is the major earthquake,and stage V is the aftermath of the event.[A]If every earthquake followed the sequence with uniform stage duration,earthquake prediction would be a simple matter.[B]Instead of following the same patterns,each earthquake is unique in terms of specific precursor behavior patterns and length of precursor stages.[C]A magnitude6.9North American earthquake in1989was preceded by a substantially smaller magnitude5 earthquake fifteen months before the event.[D]Another foreshock of similar size occurred two months before the event.In each case,a public advisory was issued stating that those smaller earthquakes could be foreshocks to a stronger earthquake within five days.However,the fault did not cooperate,and those predictions were not successful.Continued research and study of future earthquakes will certainly lead to refinement of the dilatancy model or to a replacement model with more accurate predictive capabilities.14.Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong.To review the passage,click on View Text.Answer ChoicesShort-term forecasting has been used more widely than long-term forecasting in the prediction of earthquakes.B.Long-term forecasting of earthquakes uses data on past seismic activity to determine the likelihood that an earthquake will occur in a certain area within a certain time period.C.Short-term forecasting research has studied earthquake precursors such as volume increases in rocks and unusual movements in underground water that occur shortly before an earthquake takes place.D.The dilatancy model has been used to successfully forecast some recent earthquakes.E.Attempts to improve forecasting by using five stages of earthquake predictors have been unsuccessful because each earthquake has unique precursor patterns and durations.F.The magnitude6.9North American earthquake in1989was not successfully predicted because the many foreshocks before the event were too small to measure.Thermal Stratification。