街舞基本知识（Basic knowledge of hip-hop）街舞 (Street dance或streetdancing) 诞生于二十世纪六十年代末, 是美国黑人城市贫民的舞蹈, 到了七十年代它被归纳为嘻哈文化(Hip Hop Culture) 的一部分, 与涂鸦 (graffiti或writing) 、打碟 (、说唱 (MCing, DJing)) 这些同时代产生的黑人地下文化并称为嘻哈四大元素.街舞在两个地方同时诞生、独立发展, 最后相互影响合而为一, 一个地点是美国东海岸城市纽约; 另一个地点是美国西海岸的加利福尼亚州.在纽约的布朗克斯区, 贫穷的黑人青少年在黑人歌手詹姆斯·布朗(James Brown) 的影响下, 以一种模拟帮派打斗的舞蹈 - 战斗步(up 为基础 (Rock), 发展出一种以摇摆步 Top Rock) 、地板步(footwork) 、冻姿 (Freeze) 三种形式组成的舞蹈 - B - boying.八十年代初一系列高难度、技巧性的力量动作 (被不断创新出来power move), 在媒体的炒作下, 这种舞蹈以霹雳舞 (Breaking) 的名称被广泛接受.霹雳舞有一种特殊的舞蹈形式 - 斗舞 (Battle),它源自以前的帮派斗殴, 只不过斗舞是以霹雳舞者 (B - boy或b 的创造力而不是暴力来赢得比赛.参加斗舞的两个霹雳舞团队 Girl) (Crew, 也是由帮派背景而来的一种组织形式) 分站一方, 每队队员逐个轮流跳入圈中舞蹈, 技艺最高超、动作最新颖的一方获胜.加州的街舞起源于黑人民权运动中心 - 奥克兰.在二十世纪六十年代, 奥克兰的许多黑人团体根据早期街头艺人、喜剧或哑剧演员的杂耍和新奇动作, 在灵歌音乐的基础上发展出一套舞蹈来, 他们称之为布加洛舞 (Boogaloo).这种舞可以多人编排一起舞蹈, 也可以单独舞蹈, 但是它没有一定的舞蹈形式, 每个人都可以做自己的动作, 创造自己的风格.到了七十年代, 疯克音乐 (Funk) 在加州出现, 为西岸的舞蹈注入新的活力, 催生出两种新的舞蹈.一个是锁舞(locking), 七十年代初由洛杉矶黑人青年唐·康佩尔 (Don compell) 发明.这种舞蹈以手腕和手臂的快速翻转移动并在突然间停顿为特色, 停顿的一刹那身体就像被锁住一样, 舞蹈因之得名;另一个是加州小镇弗雷斯诺的天才少年萨姆·所罗门 (Sam Solomon) 创造的, 他在以前布加洛舞的基础上结合疯克音乐创造了一系列舞蹈动作, 形成新的舞蹈风格, 并借用了布加洛舞的名字, 后来他改称布加洛·萨姆.萨姆同期还借鉴早期奥克兰的机器人舞 (robot)创造了另一种舞蹈 - 爆舞 (popping).这种舞蹈以身体各部位肌肉持续的收缩与放松 (POP) 为特色, 视觉上产生震动的效果.由于共同的音乐基础, 锁舞、爆舞、萨姆的布加洛舞以及早期的机器人舞等奥克兰舞蹈现在统称为疯克舞 (FUNK DANCE Style).二十世纪八十年代, 纽约的黑人舞蹈因嘻哈音乐的兴起而改变.在一批天才舞者, 如亨利·林克 (Henry 、布达·斯特雷齐 (link) 的改编和创造下 Buddha stretch), 一种可以用嘻哈、节奏布鲁斯 (R & b) 、爵士等各种音乐跳舞的, 混合了各种风格舞蹈动作的新的舞蹈风格诞生了, 为了区分七十年代的黑人舞蹈, 人们为它取名为新派嘻哈舞蹈 (New School Hip Hop Dance) 或者干脆简称为嘻哈舞 (hip hop) 传统,.嘻哈舞继承了纽约黑人舞蹈一贯的摇摆 (Rock)With the body up and down, left and right fluctuation swing characteristic (Up &Down), but the rhythm is more relaxed, light. It does not have standardized dance movements, and dancers can add any component to the music as long as it fits. Since it was based on all previous black dances, hip hop dancing requires a touch of dance. Moorhouse later appeared in New York (with the tap dance dance dance (Swing), (Salsa) and Campo sauce (Capoeira), House dance music dance), New Jazz (New Jazz, ballet and hip-hop dance combination), Bipop (Be-Bop, Moorhouse dance and jazz combined new tide dance)...... They have become a part of a new breed of hip hop.Hip-hop was introduced into China in the mid - 1980s, thanks to a 1984 American hip-hop movie called Breakin. The first wavein 1984 coincided with the American hip-hop, hip-hop has been widespread concern in society, from the ground up at the ground by major media coverage, appeared in the "National Geographic" cover and major prime time television, even President Reagan watched dancing performances. Hip hop films or television films have emerged only in 1984, had 7 in one year of hip-hop movie. The peak of the whole hip-hop craze happened at the closing ceremony of the 1984 Olympic Games in Losangeles. When Lionel Rich sang the song "night", in the light of the fireworks, 200 dancers from more than 10 groups of 100 thousand people in a street dance, dancers began to hit at the same time (more than a high degree of difficulty of the action force break dancing), millions of viewers in front of the television to see this exciting scene.At that time China, video started to enter the family, "breaking" video delivered to the hands of China youth through various channels, the earliest have TV. Teenagers become family communication center breakdance. The streets for a time there have been many head cloth, pedal warrior shoes "motor" ("Dancing" in one of the main characters, named Boogaloo Shrimp (Boogaloo Shrimp), a famous hip-hop dancer in History), they like the brain out of the same while a hand to another "electricity". While walking around "moonwalk", while also facing the air "wipe glass". In fact, even the American media got dizzy when they were in their first hip-hop craze. They took the break dance, the name of the dance in New York, on the West Bank dance. "Break dance" should be called "funk dance" or "lock dance" and "pop dance", because it is filmed in California and basically reflects the dance of the West coast. But anyway, the break dance has a huge impact on China, and there is a largenumber of street dancers in the United States almost simultaneously with the United States, and the level is quite high. The late young dancer Tao Jin was a famous professional dancer who studied and experienced hip-hop at that time. In 1988, he filmed the movie rock youth, which used a lot of hip hop movements, which were very popular among teenagers at that time. He also went to the United States to learn the famous crazy dancer Pop N Taco, hip-hop, including Taiwan dancers, the first to get hip-hop, master of the Chinese face pass.Unfortunately, by the end of the 80s, the break dance quickly disappeared in china. There are three main reasons for this: first, the influence of the United states. Since the beginning of 1986, hip-hop heat cooling gradually in the United States, excessive commercial speculation that quickly became popular in the hip-hop chewed gum pop artists quickly steal popular products repackaged into hip-hop results will more easily accepted by the public, but the real hip-hop abandoned. The break dance became a thing of the past in New York, and it seemed as if the world's B-Boy had been swept away overnight; two, the "break dance" was not properly understood by society. Jump "breakdancing" of young people, in addition to art majors, mostly do not love learning, fun and love students or social idle youth, many of whom are then known as the "riffraff" bad boy.In 80s the social consciousness is far from open now (even today, hip hop is still not completely understood and accepted by the public), of the young hip-hop hip-hop cast the disgust of unhealthy social image, thus not treated properly, not to mention the guidance and support; three is the "Dancing" didnot grow and the development of the market environment at the time. The first wave of hip-hop in America was built on mass commercial and commercial development, and in 80s China had few commercials, no commercial packaging and development. Hip hop dance hip-hop, in addition to satisfying personal interests, have no income, no laziness, to survive the economic foundation, as a non-traditional form of art, hip-hop in China finally can only lose vitality.Another important early influence of hip-hop in China is Michael Jackson, who still has many young people imitating his dance steps today, showing the influence of the "king of pop". In fact, Michael Jackson is a typical "steal popular products" will be repackaged into hip-hop results more easily accepted by the public of the artist, and almost all of his representative dance are learned from American underground hip-hop artist. In early 1974, 16 year old Michael Jackson as "Jackson Godte" singing group members in the television singing the song "dancing machine" (Dancing Machine), and a robot dance, the dance hot country. In 1983, Jackson performed a space walk (moonwalk) on Motown, a record company's 25th anniversary television special. Since the beginning of the wall, each of his albums has produced many excellent music videos, including a large number of dance performances, and dancing has become an important part of his musical art. "Thriller" and "bad" (Thriller) (Bad) and "time memory" (Remember The Time) is one of the most exciting dance performances of the three music videos, the dance is the funk dance, hip-hop dance, jazz dance combines new hip-hop classic, is New York's famous choreographer the hip-hop master, Henry Link et al. And Jackson's dance performance in the concert is more popular inChina, lasting.The revival of street dancing in the United States in 1990s was largely due to the popularity of hip-hop and the whole hip hop culture around the world. In 80s, New York hip hop artists worked hard to promote the world, and their hip hop tours traveled all over the United States, to France and England, and to Japan in 1984. By 90s, hip hop had developed rapidly throughout the world as a new and fashionable form of culture and lifestyle. In 1990, Germany held the first "Battle of the Year" street dance competition, now becoming the world's most important annual hip-hop event. Japanese teenagers, with their hard work, intelligence and creativity, soon mastered and developed hip-hop. The success of Japanese street dancers is recognized by Americans, who spread the culture to surrounding areas like South Korea and Taiwan. Since the beginning of 90s, hip-hop has been spreading in mainland China as the center of three cities in Guangzhou, Shanghai and Beijing.Influenced by Hongkong and Taiwan, hip-hop and hip-hop culture in Guangzhou appeared earlier and popularized quickly in the whole province. The word "hip-hop" was first spread in Guangdong. In fact, in the United States is not a term to collectively hip-hop culture in the dance, hip-hop (Street Dance) is the west coast of the United States. In New York, people only address specific kinds of names: Hip-Hop, Breaking, Popping etc.. It's the name of the Chinese hip hop dance. Hip hop people who tend to the east coast, such as B-Boy, are less likely to use hip hop. Guangdong's hip-hop dance is influenced by the New York style, with break dancing as well as a group of high explosive dancers. As early as the emergence of goodeconomic foundation, so Guangdong's hip-hop level has been leading the country until the rise of Shanghai and Beijing. Because of the vicious competition between hip-hop groups over the years,In recent years, the hip-hop market in Guangdong has been declining. The dancers are more than enough to cross regional, Nanling north and other parts of the team even indulge in self-admiration exchanges, but Guangdong is still extremely arrogant, even the best foundation for national hip-hop hip-hop culture area.Shanghai hip hop influenced by Japan, the leading national level new hip-hop dance, dance, lock a burst of master, to break dance style movements. Maybe it's about the style and personality. There are fewer break dance groups in Shanghai and the south of the Yangtze river. Shanghai has long established a system, formal hip-hop training, 7 years to train a few generations of hip-hop students, Shanghai and even the country's hip-hop culture development has laid a good foundation. Because of economic development, the cultural market in accordance with the laws of the market, and mass base is very good, so Shanghai's hip-hop market is very promising.Although the rise of Beijing hip-hop culture is late, it is the most representative. From 1996 to 1998, the national "Korean wave" wind, Beijing is the hardest hit". Beijing, and even the national concept of hip-hop, with this "Korean wave" came. After the Korean wave, the emergence of a large number of hip-hop youth in Beijing. They each team up to imitate the dance of the Korean group and perform at the gathering place forteenagers. But at that time, the combination of hip-hop youth was rather loose, and there was no formal market operation, which hardly affected the whole country. At the beginning of 2002, Beijing had the first commercial operation of hip-hop groups in Beiwutang, standardized management system and market development, the rapid development of Beiwutang, known as the best team in "a hero" Chinese dance in the circle. Beiwutang is on behalf of the Beijing hip-hop hip-hop style, it is comprehensive, break dance, funk, hip-hop dance style is the first-class level. In addition, with several national competitions held in Beijing, with its leading cultural influence, Beijing has become a place for all hip-hop fans to aspire to.In addition to the above three, the country almost every place -- to the capital city, small rich town, can see the B-Boy figure, including Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Shenyang, Chongqing, Kunming and other places have become the most active, hip-hop teen favorite fashion culture. Now, hip-hop has begun to establish its own style in the cities such as Beijing and Shanghai. It is not a dream to innovate its hip-hop culture, catch up with the world's advanced level, and figure out the best in the international competition.Why is hip-hop popular among teenagers in China and even around the world? First of all, starting from the characteristics of hip-hop.We know that hip hop is a folk dance born in the black ghettos of the United States. Its environment is full of competition and confrontation. A poor, discriminated and forced black youth,in order to survive, his dance must strive for distinction and excellence. Therefore, competition has become one of the inherent characteristics of hip-hop. Black dance has natural freedom tradition, they have a fixed pattern, whenever and wherever possible any action can be dancing. The liberation of their bodies by the blacks made them save a lot of body language. When we were still wondering and wondering, they had created a huge dance system hip-hop. So free expression is another characteristic of hip-hop. Dance is dance dance than form, in the battle, all through innovative action to win the game. For dancers, the more free the thought, the richer the creativity, the richer the creative power, the more likely the competition will be to win, and the characteristics of competition and freedom are unified here. Publicity, personality,self-expression, courage to accept challenges, create a person can not, this is the spirit of hip-hop. It meets the psychological and physiological characteristics of young people and is popular with young people all over the world.Hip hop, on the other hand, is an important part of this fashionable culture, and hip hop is popular with teenagers in the world. "Hip hop godfather," Afrika Bambaataa (Afrika Bambaataa) said: "hip-hop represents the whole culture,Rappers, MC, and DJ are part of hip-hop culture, and clothing and language are part of hip-hop culture. Break dance, B-Boy, B-girl, your behavior, walk, look, talk, it's hip hop culture. And music, hip-hop comes from different races, whatever tone and rhythm, it's hip hop." So, hip-hop and body than the four elements combined with simple, nearly 40 years of development in the world. It has become a popular way of life, or even asymbol of the spirit, on behalf of the freedom of expression, individuality and enjoy life, the courage to challenge the view of life. The first explosion, fat pants, dance, tattoos, sports shoes, club party...... These are the concrete manifestation of them. All these things are organically combined, and they are a kind of life. Hip hop life is positive, every life in which people are constantly exploring and improving one or several skills, in order to let more people see and hear his talent, continue to break through the limitation of life, so that the entire hip hop culture more vitality. In our own back 20 years of our popular culture almost all come from the United States, in the face of a strong economy and the liberation of ideology as the backing of hip-hop culture, for young people around the world there is no reason not to.The development of street dance in China has begun to take shape, but if we want to further develop, we can not do without the cultivation of the cultural market. Obviously, the importance of hip-hop is far from enough in the current cultural market.On the one hand, the Chinese dance industry has adopted a rather conservative view of hip-hop, refusing to accept it. In fact, if we can accept jazz dance, hip-hop should not be accepted as a problem. Many people refuse or don't understand hip-hop because they don't want to know about hip-hop. What is the reason why they don't want to know hip-hop? This is actually a question of ideas, a learning attitude, and the question of how to look at all the new pop culture. Hip hop is a young folk dance, it has its own aesthetic. To know it, to know its beauty, and to use it to make our life more beautiful. In 1986, the Toni prize giving ceremony invited the famous New York street danceman "Mr. Weigel J" (Mr. Wiggles) to perform, which was the first time for underground dancers to go on broadway. Since then, hip-hop has been used extensively on broadway. At the end of 2002, the French musical "Notre Dame de Paris" was staged at the Great Hall of the people. We saw a lot of hip-hop dancing in it. However, at the beginning of the second half of 2003 China dance enthusiasm, there are many dance professionals smatter, arrogant and reckless attitude, the hip hop as a gimmick popular abused, television is filled with hip-hop and dance aerobics, dance with such disgusting works. I hope our choreographer and choreographer can lay down their airs and study with an open mind, so as to be responsible for others and the art of their own, and let this vulgar and ridiculous things happen.On the other hand, the business operators who see the potential of hip-hop market can change the form of street dance randomly, and make it become the cloak of making money for themselves. Typical has held two sessions organized by the Chinese aerobics Association "national television dance contest" is such a cry up wine and sell vinegar. There is a substantial difference between aerobics and dance as a sport, aerobics is in shaping beauty for the purpose, in addition to what is not necessarily associated with music, it meets the requirement of all movements of the body's natural movement patterns. In aerobics, all anti joint movements are strictly prohibited; hip hop is a dance art, it does not have any "material" purpose, it is closely integrated with music. In general, the characteristics of hip-hop are: break through the limits of the human body, create a person can not. For traditional dance, dance movement is very strange, a lot of action is unbelievable or is a violation of human physiological movement patterns, such asdancing in the head and other large anti joint action.Many people think this is discordant, and there is no way to judge its aesthetic orientation. However, hip-hop is through such "disharmony" movement to express individuality, passing "I can, you can not" information, highlighting personal value.A single act of dissonance, connected by hip hop dancers, will become harmonious in the rhythm of the music. Because one of the maxims of hip-hop is: to make incredible movements as much as possible, but to make people feel very natural, not deliberately. The new street due to confounding many traditional dance elements and become soft and flexible, but a variety of body twisting, deformation, folding grasp and control, is still the key to dance dance. Many of the hip-hop dance moves come from imitation. The hip-hop dancers imitate nature, animals and people's social activities and working conditions, and even create the whole dance style. It is said that the first is the lock dance martial arts nunchaku routine hand action imitation; famous action "Boogaloo man" (Old Man) is for the elderly to walk form of imitation; animation dance (Animation) of animated characters to mimic the action step is to fight the battle; imitation...... Another imitation is the dancer's imitation of his own mind. The best dancer is dancing by thought, not by movement; his action is in the realization of some idea in his head. This is the highest level of hip-hop, but also the highest level of all dance.Aerobics and hip-hop theft name, packaging himself as "fitness dance", the "popular hip-hop hip-hop", but also created a series of "what hip-hop pedal" and "light equipment Street" is the name of the fantastic. I believe that if one day Yangkopopular in the youth market, they will also dress up as "fitness Yangko", they say "popular Yangko". In the fitness center, filled with so-called "hip-hop" coach, some little-known foreign coach is invited to teach "street dance fitness center". In fact, they just teach with a few simple hip-hop action aerobics just, its hip-hop level, Citylink street street youth is not as good as. In business society, making money is right. But in this China characteristics to make money, in any case is not what a glorious thing, for a rare love dance China teenagers is a wrong guide, highly destructive.From the United States to China, hip-hop development twists and turns, spent more than 30 years. Although hip-hop has created one after another brilliant in Japan, the Americans become the national sport dance sit up and take notice; in South Korea, back a champion in the world, but in Chinese is still in the bud, time can be destroyed completely. Youth culture is the most dynamic, the most promising culture, we should not be to suppress or change their cultural tastes, we only have to respect and learn from. This can help the development of its commercial value, so that it can be in the right direction and self benign development. Youth culture market eventually formed a vigorous and healthy, which makes all the benefit.。
