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2024-2025学年北师大版英语初三上学期模拟试题及解答参考一、听力部分(本大题有20小题,每小题1分,共20分)1、Listen to the following conversation and choose the best answer to the question you hear.Question: What is the weather like today?A. It’s sunny.B. It’s cloudy.C. It’s rainy.D. It’s windy.Answer: CExplanation: The conversation likely includes a statement about the rain, indicating that it is rainy today.2、Listen to the following short passage and answer the question.Question: Why does the man want to visit the art museum?A. He wants to see the new exhibition.B. He needs to pick up his friend there.C. He wants to study the art history.D. He has never been there before.Answer: AExplanation: In the passage, the man expresses his interest in the new art exhibition at the museum, which suggests that this is the reason for his visit.3、Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to complete the sentence.W: Hey, John, how was your weekend?M: Oh, it was pretty good. I went hiking with my friends.Question: What did John do over the weekend?A. He went to the beach.B. He went hiking.C. He stayed home.D. He went shopping.Answer: BExplanation: In the conversation, John mentions that he went hiking with his friends, so the correct answer is B.4、Listen to the passage and answer the question.Passage: The school’s annual science fair is scheduled for next Friday. Students have been working hard on their projects for weeks. The fair will be held in the school gymnasium from 9 am to 3 pm. There will be presentations, experiments, and demonstrations by students from all grades. Refreshments will be available, and parents are welcome to attend.Question: When is the school’s annual science fair?A. This FridayB. Next MondayC. Next FridayD. This SundayAnswer: CExplanation: The passage clearly states that the science fair is scheduled for “next Friday,” making C the correct answer.5、Question: What does the speaker usually do after school?A) Play basketball.B) Watch TV.C) Read books.D) Go shopping.Answer: C) Read books.Explanation: The speaker mentions that they often go to the library after school to read books, which indicates that reading books is their usual activity after school.6、Question: What does the teacher say about the students’ homework?A) It’s too easy.B) It’s too difficult.C) It’s not finished yet.D) It’s not due until next week.Answer: C) It’s not finished yet.Explanation: The teacher expresses concern about the students’ homework, specifically mentioning that many of them haven’t finis hed it yet, indicating that it is not completed.7.Listen to the following dialogue and choose the best answer to complete the sentence.A: Hey, did you know that the school is hosting a science fair next month?B: Yes, I heard about it._____________it is a great opportunity for students to showcase their projects.A. ThatB. ItC. ThisD. ThoseAnswer: BExplanation: The correct answer is “It” because it refers back to the subject of the conversation, which is the science fair. “It” is used to avoid repetition and make the dialogue sound more natural.8.Listen to the following passage and answer the question.W: Good morning, everyone. Today, we are discussing the importance of physical education in schools. Regular physical activity is crucial for maintaining good health and well-being. It helps students develop strong bones and muscles, improves cardiovascular health, and enhances cognitive function. Therefore, it is essential for schools to allocate sufficient time for physicaleducation classes.M: That’s true. Moreover, physical activity can also help students reduce stress and improve their mental health. It’s a win-win situation for both the students and the school.Question: What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To promote the importance of physical education in schools.B. To discuss the benefits of regular physical activity.C. To explain how physical education can improve mental health.D. To compare the benefits of physical education and other subjects.Answer: AExplanation: The main purpose of the passage is to promote the importance of physical education in schools. The passage emphasizes the benefits of physical education and why it is crucial for maintaining good health and well-being.9、What is the relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Doctor and patient.C. Shop assistant and customer.Answer: C.Explanation: In the dialogue, one speaker asks about the location of the shoes department, indicating they are shopping, and the other gives directions, suggesting they work at the store.10、Where does the conversation most likely take place?A. At a hospital.B. At a school.C. At a department store.Answer: C.Explanation: The mention of the shoes department implies that the conversation is happening in a retail setting such as a department store, rather than a hospital or school.11、(Audio clip describes a conversation about choosing elective courses for the upcoming semester.)Question: What elective course does Sarah prefer to take next semester?A. Advanced PhysicsB. Creative WritingC. World HistoryAnswer: B. Creative WritingExplanation: In the audio clip, Sarah mentions her excitement about improving her writing skills and her interest in exploring different forms of creative expression, indicating that she prefers to take the Creative Writing class.12、(Audio clip involves two students discussing their weekend plans.)Question: What activity do Tom and Lisa agree to do together on Saturday?A. Go to the moviesB. Visit a museumC. Play basketball at the parkAnswer: A. Go to the moviesExplanation: During their conversation, Tom suggests watching the latest superhero film, and Lisa enthusiastically agrees, confirming that they will meet at the cinema on Saturday afternoon.13.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear.A. They are discussing the weather.B. They are planning a trip.C. They are talking about their school life.Answer: BExplanation: The dialogue is about the two friends planning their summer trip together. They are discussing their destinations and activities.14.Listen to the passage and answer the question.Question: What does the speaker recommend for improving memory?A. Listening to music.B. Reading a book.C. Practicing mindfulness.Answer: CExplanation: The speaker recommends practicing mindfulness as a method to improve memory. The passage mentions that mindfulness exercises help inenhancing memory and concentration.15、Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear. (Answer: B)(A) They will go to the park.(B) They will stay at home because of the rain.(C) They will visit their grandparents.Explanation: In this dialogue, two friends discuss their plans for the day. One friend suggests going to the park, but the other mentions that it is raining outside. They decide it’s best to stay home instead of going out in the bad weather.16、Listen to the short passage and choose the correct statement. (Answer:C)(A) The school trip was canceled due to lack of interest.(B) The students went to the museum last week.(C) The school trip to the museum has been rescheduled for next Friday.Explanation: In this passage, the principal announces over the intercom that the school trip planned for today had to be postponed due to unforeseen circumstances. However, the trip has now been rescheduled for the coming Friday. All students are reminded to bring their permission slips on time.17.You hear a conversation between two students, Tom and Lucy, discussing their weekend plans.Tom: “Hey Lucy, what are you planning to do this weekend?”Lucy: “I’m going to visit my grandparents in the countryside. How about you, Tom?”Tom: “I think I’ll stay home and work on my science project. I have a big dea dline next week.”Question: What is Tom going to do this weekend?A. Visit his grandparentsB. Go to the countrysideC. Work on his science projectD. Have a big deadlineAnswer: CExplanation: The answer is clear from Tom’s statement, “I think I’ll stay home and work on my science project.”18.You listen to a radio announcement about a local event.Announcer: “This Saturday, the city is hosting its annual art fair. The fair will take place in the downtown area from 10 am to 6 pm. There will be a variety of art exhibits, live music, and food vendors. This is a great opportunity to support local artists and enjoy a fun day out with your family and friends.”Question: What is the art fair?A. A music festivalB. A shopping eventC. An art exhibitD. A local eventAnswer: CExplanation: The answer is derived from the announcement, which describes the art fair as “a variety of art exhibits.”19、Where does the conversation most likely take place?A)In a hospitalB)At a schoolC)In a storeD)At a bus stopAnswer: B) At a schoolExplanation: The conversation mentions a classroom and an office where a child is being picked up, which are typical features of a school setting. The woman also refers to calling the classroom, which further indicates that the location is a school.Dialogue/Monologue 2 (for Question 20)Transcript:•Woman: Welcome to our library. Do you have a library card?•Man: Not yet. I just moved into the area and I’m trying to get one. CanI apply for it today?•Woman: Of course! We just need to see a piece of identification, like a driver’s license, and we’ll get you set up in no time. Also, we havea variety of books, magazines, and even audio books available.•Man: That sounds great. I love reading, so I think I’ll spend quite abit of time here.Question 20:20、What is the man doing at the beginning of the conversation?A)Returning a bookB)Applying for a library cardC)Looking for a jobD)Asking for directionsAnswer: B) Applying for a library cardExplanation: The man states that he has just moved to the area and is trying to get a library card, and the librarian confirms that he can apply for one. This makes it clear that the man is in the process of applying for a library card.二、阅读理解(30分)Title: The Power of a Single ActReading Passage:In a small town, there was a young boy named Timmy who loved to help others. One day, he noticed an elderly woman struggling to carry her groceries up a steep hill. Timmy, without hesitation, offered to help. The woman was grateful and shared her story with Timmy. She explained that she had recently lost her husband and felt overwhelmed by the challenges of daily life.Impressed by her resilience, Timmy decided to make it his mission to brightenher days. Every morning, he would visit her house to help with her morning routine, run errands, and simply spend time chatting. Gradually, the woman’s spirits lifted, and she began to feel less isolated.One day, Timmy received a letter in the mail. It was a heartfelt thank you from the woman, expressing her gratitude for all the help he had provided. Timmy was touched and realized the impact his small acts of kindness had made. He then decided to spread the joy further by starting a local community service group, encouraging others to join and perform random acts of kindness.The initiative caught on, and soon the town was filled with acts of kindness, from helping neighbors to volunteering at local shelters. Timmy’s story spread far and wide, inspiring people to make a difference in their own communities.Questions:1.What did Timmy notice one day in the town?A. A lost petB. An elderly woman struggling with her groceriesC. A missing posterD. A community service event2.How did Timmy initially help the elderly woman?A. He called for helpB. He bought her groceriesC. He carried her groceries up the hillD. He gave her a ride3.What was Timmy’s mission after helping the elderly woman?A. To find a new jobB. To write a book about his experiencesC. To make a documentary about the elderly womanD. To brighten her days and spread joy in the communityAnswers:1.B. An elderly woman struggling with her groceries2.C. He carried her groceries up the hill3.D. To brighten her days and spread joy in the community三、完型填空(15分)Sure, I can create a cloze test question suitable for a junior high school third-year student (Grade 9) using English that would align with the difficulty level expected in the Beijing Normal University Publishing Group’s curriculum. Here’s an example of a passage with five blanks, along with the answers:Cloze Test QuestionComplete the following passage by filling in each blank with the correct word or phrase.The winter holiday was coming, and Tom was excited about his plans to visit his grandparents in the countryside. He had been looking forward to this trip all year long. When he arrived, he noticed how fresh the air was compared to the city, and he enjoyed the peaceful 1 there. During the day, Tom helped hisgrandparents with small chores like feeding the chickens and collecting eggs. In the evening, they would gather around the fireplace and share stories about their lives. One night, his grandfather told him about a legend involving a magical tree that could grant wishes. The next morning, Tom set off on an adventure to find this 2 tree. After wandering through the woods for hours, he finally discovered it hidden behind a thick curtain of vines. Standing before the tree, Tom closed his eyes and made a wish. He wished for 3for his grandparents’ farm so they wouldn’t have to worry about their livelihood anymore. As soon as he opened his eyes, he noticed a small envelope attached to one of the branches. Inside was a note saying his wish had been granted. Overjoyed, Tom rushed back home to tell his grandparents the good news. His grandmother was delighted and gave him a warm hug. This 4 had not only brought happiness to Tom but also strengthened the bond between him and his grandparents. From then on, every time Tom visited the countryside, he would make sure to visit the magical tree and thank it for changing their 5.Answers:1.__serenity__2.__magical__3.__prosperity__4.__adventure__5.__lives__This passage aims to test vocabulary comprehension, context understanding,and the ability to infer meaning from the surrounding text. It is designed to be both engaging and educational.四、语法填空题(本大题有10小题,每小题1分,共10分)1、In the past, many people had to work__________long hours in factories.A. /B. tooC. soD. very答案:A解析:在本句中,由于没有明确的比较对象,所以使用“too…to…”结构表示否定含义,意为“太…以至于不能…”。
05网英语课课练答案Unit 1: Internet and Social MediaExercise 11. A2. C3. A4.They can connect with friends and family, share photos and videos, and discover new content.5.True6.False7.posting updates, sharing photos and videos, commenting on other people’s posts, liking or reacting to posts8.Social media can also be used for professional purposes, such as promoting businesses, networking with industry professionals, and sharing industry-related news and insights.Exercise 21.social media2.Internetworking4.personal information5.virtual6.online7.sharing8.privacyUnit 2: Technology and GadgetsExercise 11. B2. A3. C4. A smartphone is a mobile device that combines the functions of a phone, a computer, and other multimedia features, while a laptop is a portable computer with a built-in keyboard and monitor.5.True6.False7.touchscreens, internet connectivity, built-in cameras, social media applications, mobile gaming8.personal and professional communication, entertainment, productivity, navigation, photography, gamingExercise 21.smartphoneptop3.tablet4.smartwatch5.headphones6.gaming console7.camera8.fitness trackerUnit 3: Online LearningExercise 11. B2. C3. A4.Online learning allows students to access educational resources and materials from anywhere and at any time, offers flexibility in scheduling, promotes self-paced learning, and provides opportunities for interaction and collaboration with teachers and peers.5.True6.False7.video lectures, online quizzes and assignments, discussion forums, live virtual classes, virtual labs8.continued education and lifelong learning, access to a wide range of courses and instructors, opportunities for self-improvement, cost-effective alternative to traditional educationExercise 21.online learningcational resources3.flexibility4.self-paced5.interaction6.collaboration7.video lectures8.discussion forumsUnit 4: CybersecurityExercise 11. A2. B3. C4.Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage.5.True6.False7.strong and unique passwords, two-factor authentication, regular software updates, antivirus and firewall protection, safe browsing habits8.Protecting personal and sensitive information, preventing identity theft and financial fraud, safeguarding business and customer data, maintaining the integrity and availability of systems and networksExercise 21.cybersecurity2.unauthorized access3.attacks4.data5.passwords6.authentication7.software updates8.antivirusUnit 5: Online ShoppingExercise 11. B2. C3. B4.Online shopping allows customers to conveniently browse and purchase products and services from their homes or any location with an internet connection, offers a wide selection of products, provides competitive prices and discounts, and allows for easy price comparison.5.True6.False7.online marketplaces, e-commerce websites, search engines, customer reviews and ratings, secure payment options8.Convenience, wider product selection, competitive prices, easy pricecomparison, access to customer reviews and ratings, secure payment options Exercise 21.online shopping2.browse3.purchase4.internet connection5.selectionpetitive prices7.price comparison8.customer reviewsConclusionThis document provides the answers to the practice exercises in Unit 1 to Unit 5 of the online English course。
实验5 分支结构程序的设计1.程序填空题,不要改变与输入输出有关的语句。
20004 计算旅途时间输入2个整数time1和time2,表示火车的出发时间和到达时间,计算并输出旅途时间。
有效的时间范围是0000到2359,不需要考虑出发时间晚于到达时间的情况。
例:括号内是说明输入712 1411(出发时间是7:12,到达时间是14:11)输出The train journey time is 6 hrs 59 mins.import java.util.Scanner;public class Test20004 {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in);int time1, time2, hours, mins;time1=in.nextInt();time2=in.nextInt();/*------------------*//*计算两个时间之间的小时数和分钟数*/hours=time2/100-time1/100;mins=time2%100-time1%100;/*当计算得到的分钟数为负数时进行调整*/hours=mins>0?hours:hours-1;mins=mins>0?mins:mins+60;//或:if(mins<0){hours-=1;mins+=60;}System.out.println("The train journey time is "+hours+" hrs "+ mins+" mins.");}}30001 显示两级成绩输入一个正整数repeat (0<repeat<10),做repeat次下列运算:输入一个学生的数学成绩,如果它低于60,输出“Fail”,否则,输出“Pass”。
RVN4126 3.59100-386-9100-386/T DEVICERVN41772-CD2-3.5MCS/MTSRVN41821-CD2-3.5XTS3000/SABER PORTABLE YES RKN4046KHVN9085 3.51-20 R NO HLN9359 PROG. STAND RVN4057 3.532 X 8 CODEPLUG NO3080385B23 & 5880385B30 MDVN4965 3.59100-WS/T CONFIG KITRVN4053 3.5ASTRO DIGITAL INTERFACE NO3080385B23RVN41842-CD RKN4046A (Portable) 2-3.5ASTRO PORTABLE /MOBILE YES3080369B73 or0180300B10 (Mobile) RVN41831-CD3080369B732-3.5ASTRO SPECTRA MOBILE YES(Low / Mid Power)0180300B10 (High Power) RVN4185CD ASTRO SPECTRA PLUS MOBILE NO MANY OPTIONS; SEESERVICE BRIEF#SB-MO-0101RVN4186CD ASTRO SPECTRA PLUS MANY OPTIONS;MOBILE/PORTABLE COMB SEE SERVICE BRIEF#SB-MO-0101RVN4154 3.5ASTROTAC 3000 COMPAR.3080385B23RVN5003 3.5ASTROTAC COMPARATORS NO3080399E31 Adpt.5880385B34RVN4083 3.5BSC II NO FKN5836ARVN4171 3.5C200RVN4029 3.5CENTRACOM SERIES II NO VARIOUS-SEE MANUAL6881121E49RVN4112 3.5COMMAND PLUS NORVN4149 3.5COMTEGRA YES3082056X02HVN6053CD CT250, 450, 450LS YES AAPMKN4004RVN4079 3.5DESKTRAC CONVENTIONAL YES3080070N01RVN4093 3.5DESKTRAC TRUNKED YES3080070N01RVN4091 3.5DGT 9000 DESKSET YES0180358A22RVN4114 3.5GLOBAL POSITIONING SYS.NO RKN4021AHVN8177 3.5GM/GR300/GR500/GR400M10/M120/130YES3080070N01RVN4159 3.5GP60 SERIES YES PMLN4074AHVN9128 3.5GP300 & GP350RVN4152 3.5GP350 AVSRVN4150 3.5GTX YES HKN9857 (Portable)3080070N01(Mobile) HVN9025CD HT CDM/MTX/EX SERIES YES AARKN4083/AARKN4081RiblessAARKN4075RIBLESS NON-USA RKN4074RVN4098H 3.5HT1000/JT1000-VISAR YES3080371E46(VISAR CONV)RVN4151 3.5HT1000 AVSRVN4098 3.5HT1000/ VISAR CONV’L.YES RKN4035B (HT1000) HVN9084 3.5i750YES HLN-9102ARVN4156 3.5LCS/LTS 2000YES HKN9857(Portable)3080070N01(Mobile) RVN4087 3.5LORAN C LOC. RECV’R.NO RKN4021ARVN4135 3.5M100/M200,M110,M400,R100 includesHVN9173,9177,9646,9774YES3080070N01RVN4023 3.5MARATRAC YES3080070N01RVN4019 3.5MAXTRAC CONVENTIONAL YES3080070N01RVN4139 3.5MAXTRAC LS YES3080070N01RVN4043 3.5MAXTRAC TRK DUPLEX YES3080070N01RVN4178CD MC SERIES, MC2000/2500DDN6124AW/DB25 CONNECTORDDN6367AW/DB9 CONNECTOR RVN41751-CD Rib to MIC connector 1-3.5MCS2000 RKN4062BRVN41131-3.5MCS2000RVN4011 3.5MCX1000YES3000056M01RVN4063 3.5MCX1000 MARINE YES3000056M01RVN4117 3.5MDC/RDLAP DEVICESRVN4105 3.5MOBILE PROG. TOOLRVN4119 3.5MOBITEX DEVICESRVN4128 3.5MPT1327-1200 SERIES YES SEE MANUALRVN4025 3.5MSF5000/PURC/ANALOG YES0180355A30RVN4077 3.5MSF5000/10000FLD YES0180355A30RVN4017K 3.5MT 1000YES RTK4205CRVN4148 3.5MTR 2000YES3082056X02RVN4140 3.5MTRI 2000NORVN41761-CD MTS2000, MT2000*, MTX8000, MTX90001-3.5*programmed by DOS which is included in the RVN4176RVN4131 3.5MTVA CODE PLUG FIXRVN4142 3.5MTVA DOCTOR YES3080070N01RVN4131 3.5MTVA3.EXERVN4013 3.5MTX800 & MTX800S YES RTK4205CRVN4097 1-CD MTX8000/MTX9000,MTS2000,MT2000*,* programmed by DOS which is included in the RVN4176HVN9067CD MTX850/MTX8250MTX950,MTX925RVN4138 3.5MTX-LS YES RKN4035DRVN4035 3.5MX 1000YES RTK4203CRVN4073 3.5MX 800YES RKN4006BHVN9395 P100, P200 LB, P50+, P210, P500, PR3000RVN4134 3.5P100 (HVN9175)P200 LB (HVN9794)P50+ (HVN9395)P210 (HVN9763)P500 (HVN9941)PR3000 (HVN9586)YES RTK4205HVN9852 3.5P110YES HKN9755A/REX1143 HVN9262 3.5P200 UHF/VHF YES RTK4205RVN4129 3.5PDT220YVN4051 3.5PORTABLE REPEATER Portable rptr.P1820/P1821AXRVN4061C 3.5PP 1000/500NO3080385B23 & 5880385B30 RVN5002 3.5QUANTAR/QUANTRO NO3O80369E31RVN4135 3.5R100 (HVN9177)M100/M200/M110/M400YES0180358A52RVN4146 3.5RPM500/660RVN4002 3.5SABER YES RTK4203CRVN4131 3.5SETTLET.EXEHVN9007 3.5SM50 & SM120YESRVN4039 3.5SMART STATUS YES FKN5825AHVN9054 3.5SOFTWARE R03.2 P1225YES3080070N01HVN9001 3.5SOFTWARE R05.00.00 1225LS YES HLN9359AHVN9012 3.5SP50RVN4001N 3.5SPECTRA YES3080369B73 (STANDARD)0180300B10 (HIGH POWER) RVN4099 3.5SPECTRA RAILROAD YES3080369B73RVN4110 3.5STATION ACCESS MODULE NO3080369E31RVN4089A 3.5STX TRANSIT YES0180357A54RVN4051 3.5SYSTEMS SABER YES RTK4203BRVN4075 3.5T5600/T5620 SERIES NO3080385B23HVN9060CD TC3000, TS3000, TR3000RVN4123 3.5VISAR PRIVACY PLUS YES3080371E46FVN4333 3.5VRM 100 TOOLBOX FKN4486A CABLE &ADAPTORRVN4133 3.5VRM 500/600/650/850NORVN4181CD XTS 2500/5000 PORTABLES RKN4105A/RKN4106A RVN41002- 3.5XTS3000 ASTRO PORTABLE/MOBILERVN4170 3.5XTS3500YES RKN4035DRIB SET UPRLN4008E RADIO INTERFACE BOX (RIB)0180357A57RIB AC POWER PACK 120V0180358A56RIB AC POWER PACK 220V3080369B71IBM TO RIB CABLE (25 PIN) (USE WITH XT & PS2)3080369B72IBM TO RIB CABLE (9 PIN)RLN443825 PIN (F) TO 9 PIN (M) ADAPTOR (USE W/3080369B72 FOR AT APPLICATION) 5880385B308 PIN MODULAR TO 25 PIN ”D” ADAPTOR (FOR T5600 ONLY)0180359A29DUPLEX ADAPTOR (MOSTAR/TRAXAR TRNK’D ONLY)Item Disk Radio RIB Cable Number Size Product Required Number Item Disk Radio RIB Cable Number Size Product Required NumberUtilizing your personal computer, Radio Service Software (RSS)/Customer Programming Software (CPS)/CustomerConfiguration Software (CCS) enables you to add or reprogram features/parameters as your requirements change. RSS/CPS/CCS is compatible with IBM XT, AT, PS/2 models 30, 50, 60 and 80.Requires 640K RAM. DOS 3.1 or later. Consult the RSS users guide for the computer configuration and DOS requirements. (ForHT1000, MT/MTS2000, MTX838/8000/9000, Visar and some newer products —IBM model 386, 4 MEG RAM and DOS 5.0 or higher are recommended.) A Radio Interface Box (RIB) may be required as well as the appropriate cables. The RIB and cables must be ordered separately.Licensing:A license is required before a software (RVN) order is placed. The software license is site specific (customer number and ultimate destination tag). All sites/locations must purchase their own software.Be sure to place subsequent orders using the original customer number and ship-to-tag or other licensed sites; ordering software without a licensed customer number and ultimate tag may result in unnecessary delays. To obtain a no charge license agreement kit, order RPX4719. To place an order in the U.S. call 1-800-422-4210. Outside the U.S., FAX 847-576-3023.Subscription Program:The purchase of Radio ServiceSoftware/Customer Programming/Customer ConfigurationSoftware (RVN & HVN kits) entitles the buyer/subscriber to three years of free upgrades. At the end of these three years, the sub-scriber must purchase the same Radio Service Software kit to receive an additional three years of free upgrades. If the sub-scriber does not elect to purchase the same Radio Service Software kit, no upgrades will be sent. Annually a subscription status report is mailed to inform subscribers of the RSS/CPS/CCS items on our database and their expiration dates.Notes:1)A subscription service is offered on “RVN”-Radio Service Software/Customer Programming/Customer Configuration Software kits only.2)“RVN” software must only be procured through Radio Products and Services Division (RPSD). Software not procured through the RPSD will not be recorded on the subscription database; upgrades will not be mailed.3)Upgrades are mailed to the original buyer (customer number & ultimate tag).4)SP software is available through the radio product groups.The Motorola General Radio Service Software Agreement is now available on Motorola Online. If you need assistance please feel free to submit a “Contact Us” or call 800-422-4210.SMART RIB SET UPRLN1015D SMART RIB0180302E27 AC POWER PACK 120V 2580373E86 AC POWER PACK 220V3080390B49SMARTRIB CABLE (9 PIN (F) TO 9 PIN (M) (USE WITH AT)3080390B48SMARTRIB CABLE (25 PIN (F) TO 9 PIN (M) (USE WITH XT)RLN4488ASMART RIB BATTERY PACKWIRELESS DATA GROUP PRODUTS SOFTWARERVN4126 3.59100-386/9100T DEVICES MDVN4965 3.59100-WS/T CONFIG’TN RVN41173.5MDC/RDLAP DEVICESPAGING PRODUCTS MANUALS6881011B54 3.5ADVISOR6881029B90 3.5ADVISOR ELITE 6881023B20 3.5ADVISOR GOLD 6881020B35 3.5ADVISOR PRO FLX 6881032B30 3.5BR8506881032B30 3.5LS3506881032B30 3.5LS5506881032B30 3.5LS7506881033B10 3.5LS9506881035B20 3.5MINITOR III8262947A15 3.5PAGEWRITER 20008262947A15 3.5PAGEWRITER 2000X 6881028B10 3.5TALKABOUT T3406881029B35 3.5TIMEPORT P7308262947A15 3.5TIMEPORT P930NLN3548BUNIVERSAL INTERFACE KITItem Disk Radio NumberSize Product。
四川省成都市2024-2025年师大一中(初一上)半期考试卷姓名:__________ 考号:__________英语留意事项:1.全卷分为A卷和B卷,A卷满分100分,B卷满分50分;考试时间120分钟。
2.在作答前,考生务必将自己的姓名,考号及班级涂写在试卷和答题卡规定的位置。
考试结束后,监考人员将答题卡收回。
3.选择题部分必需运用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题部分必需运用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清晰。
4.请依据题号在答题卡上各题目对应的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题均无效。
5.保持答题卡清洁,不得折叠、污染、破损等。
A卷(共100分)第一部分听力(共30小题;计30分)一、听句子,依据所听到的内容选择正确答语。
每小题念两遍。
(共6小题,每小题1分;计6分)1. A. Good evening. B. Thanks. C. And you?2. A. Black. B. OK. C. Mr. Black.3. A. They’re fine. Thanks. B. Yes, they are. C. He’s my grandpa..4. A. Yes. They are his. B. No, they aren’t. C. Yes, it is.5. A. It’s red. B. It’s hers. C. It’s on the sofa.6. A. He’s my uncle. B. It’s my pen. C. She’s my aunt.二、听句子,选择与所听句子相符的图片,并将代表图片的字母填涂在答题卡的相应位置。
每小题念两遍。
(共4小题,每小题1分;计4分)A B C D7.________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________三、听对话,依据对话内容及问题选择正确答案。
每小题念两遍。
(共10小题,每小题1分;计10分)11. A. It’s white. B. It’s blue. C. It’s black.12. A. Cindy. B. Sally. C. Helen.13. A. The keys. B. The books. C. A and B.14. A. 358-1467. B. 524-3389. C. 356-1467.15. A. The notebook. B. The eraser. C. The tape.16. A. It’s in the bag. B. It’s on the bed. C. It’s under the bed..17. A. Ms. Wang. B. Mr. Wang. C. Mike and Tom.18. A. Pencils.B. Pens.C. A watch and an ID card.19. A. Paul’s sister. B. Sally’s sister. C. Sally’s friend.20. A. Grace. B. Coco. C. Floppy.四、听短文,依据短文内容选择正确答案。
1you might think. Its rooms are filled with objects that are clues to the character of kings and queens past. And the art and arc hitecture combine to make a statement about Britain’s place in the world. (101 words) 现在你有一分钟的准备时间。
Now you have ONE minute to practise reading. 现在请对照原文,再听一遍录音。
Now listen to the speaker once again. And try to read after the speaker. 现在开始录音。
Now read as the speaker in the video. (解析:视频总长66秒;字数:101 words ;语速:155-160 words per minute ;语音:女声英音非原声;题材:建筑类;句子分析:全为陈述句;视频比去年清晰。
) Part B Role Play In this part, you are required to act as a role and complete three communicative tasks: listen to a speaker, ask the speaker three questions and then answer five questions. Now 开始提问。
Now please ask the speaker three questions. Y ou have twenty seconds to prepare the question. When you hear a beep, begin to ask the question.1. 在将来的教室里互联网有什么用? Question: What is the use of the Internet in the future classroom? / What is the Internet for in the future classroom? / What role will the Internet play in the future classroom? Answer: The Internet is the place for students to get information from. It is so easy to get information because you can find what you need within seconds.2. 将来学生如何参加考试? Question: How will students take exams in the future? Answer: Students can take exams on the Internet, and exams will be automatically marked by the computer, not by their teachers. What’s more, students will be tested on how to use information rather than knowing information. However, I actually don’t know whether that’s good or bad and whether it’s going to happen.3. 将来学生需要学习什么?Question: What will students need to study/ learn in the future? / What is necessary forstudents to learn/ study in the future?2Answer: The Internet.现在请准备回答第四个问题。
20 series studio microphonesA T2050Multi-pattern Condenser Side-Address MicrophoneFeatures• Designed for critical home/project/professional studioapplications and live performance• Three switchable polar patterns: omni, cardioid, figure-of-eight• Dual-diaphragm capsule design maintains precise polar patterndefinition across the full frequency range of the microphone• Dual large diaphragms are gold-vaporized and aged to achieveoptimum characteristics over years of use• Rugged design and construction for reliable performance• Included shock mount provides superior isolation• Integral 80 Hz high-pass filter switch and 10 dB pad switch• State-of-the-art design and manufacturing techniques ensurecompliance with A-T’s stringent consistency and reliabilitystandardsDescriptionThe AT2050 is a large-diaphragm side-address externally polarized(DC bias) condenser microphone with three switchable polar patterns:omnidirectional, cardioid, and figure-of-eight. It is designed for home/project/professional studio applications and live performance.The microphone requires 11V to 52V phantom power for operation.The omnidirectional polar pattern is sensitive to sound coming fromall directions. Select the omni pattern to pick up several voices orinstruments on the same microphone, to diminish proximity effect, andto preserve the location’s ambient sound.The cardioid polar pattern is more sensitive to sound originating directlyin front of the element, making it useful in controlling feedback, reducingpickup of unwanted sounds and providing isolation between performers.The figure-of-eight polar pattern is more sensitive to sound originating inthe front and back of the microphone, rejecting sounds from the sides.It is often used in conjunction with advanced stereo miking techniques.The output of the microphone is a 3-pin XLRM-type connector.The microphone is equipped with a switchable 10 dB pad and a switchthat permits choice of flat response or low-frequency roll-off (via integral80 Hz high-pass filter).The microphone is enclosed in a rugged housing. The included AT8458shock mount provides superior isolation and permits mounting on anymicrophone stand with 5/8"-27 threads. A soft protective pouch is alsoincluded.Operation and MaintenanceThe AT2050 requires 11V to 52V phantom power for operation.Output is low impedance (Lo-Z) balanced. The signal appears across Pins2 and 3; Pin 1 is ground (shield). Output phase is “Pin 2 hot”—positiveacoustic pressure produces positive voltage at Pin 2.To avoid phase cancellation and poor sound, all mic cables must be wiredconsistently: Pin 1-to-Pin 1, etc.An Audio-Technica emblem and the pattern-selection switch are on thefront of the microphone. Position this side of the microphone toward thesound source.The pattern-selection switch provides user-selection of omnidirectional,cardioid, and figure-of-eight polar patterns. To select the omnidirectionalpolar pattern, slide the switch to the circular polar pattern image. Toselect the cardioid polar pattern, slide the switch to the heart-shapedpolar pattern image. To select the figure-of-eight pattern, slide the switchto the figure-eight shaped polar pattern image.An integral 80 Hz high-pass filter provides easy switching from a flatfrequency response to a low-end roll-off. The roll-off position reduces themicrophone’s sensitivity to popping in close vocal use. It also reducesthe pickup of low-frequency ambient noise (such as traffic, air-handlingsystems, etc.), room reverberation and mechanically coupled vibrations.To engage the high-pass filter, slide the switch toward the “bent” line.The microphone is also equipped with a switchable 10 dB pad that lowersthe microphone's sensitivity, thus providing higher SPL capability forflexible use with a wide range of users and system configurations. Toengage the 10 dB pad, slide the switch toward the -10 position.In use, secure the cable to the mic stand or boom, leaving a slack loop atthe mic. This will ensure the most effective shock isolation and reducethe possibility of accidentally pulling the microphone out of its mount.Avoid leaving the microphone in the open sun or in areas wheretemperatures exceed 110° F (43° C) for extended periods. Extremely highhumidity should also be avoided.Architect’s and Engineer’s SpecificationsThe microphone shall be a large-diaphragm side-address externallypolarized (DC bias) condenser with user-switchable omnidirectional,cardioid, and figure-of-eight polar patterns and a frequency response of20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. The microphone shall operate from an external 11Vto 52V DC phantom power source. It shall be capable of handling soundinput levels up to 149 dB (159 dB with 10 dB pad) with a dynamic rangeof 132 dB. Nominal open-circuit output voltage shall be 7.9 mV at 1V, 1Pascal. Output shall be low impedance balanced (120 ohms).The output of the microphone shall be a 3-pin XLRM-type connector.The microphone shall be equipped with a switchable 10 dB pad, a switchthat permits choice of flat response or 80 Hz low-frequency roll-off, and apolar pattern selection switch.A T2050Audio-Technica U.S., Inc., 1221 Commerce Drive, Stow, Ohio 44224Audio-Technica Limited, Old Lane, Leeds LS11 8AG England ©2010 Audio-Technica U.S., Inc. 0001-0202-01Specificationscardioid frequency response: 20–20,000 Hzomni frequency response: 20–20,000 Hzfigure-of-eight frequency polar patternpolar patternpolar patternExternally polarized (DC bias) condenser Cardioid, Omnidirectional, Figure-of-eight 20-20,000 Hz80 Hz, 12 dB/octave–42 dB (7.9 mV), re 1V at 1 Pa 120 ohms149 dB SPL, 1 kHz at 1% T.H.D.;159 dB SPL, with 10 dB pad (nominal)17 dB SPL132 dB, 1 kHz at Max SPL 77 dB, 1 kHz at 1 Pa11-52V DC, 4.7 mA typical Polar selection; Flat, roll-off; 10 dB pad (nominal)412 g (14.5 oz)170.0 mm (6.69") long,52.0 mm (2.05") maximum body diameter Integral 3-pin XLRM-type R5Element Polar patterns Frequency response Low frequency roll-off Open circuit sensitivityImpedanceMaximum input sound level Noise 1Dynamic range (typical) Signal-to-noise ratio 1Phantom power requirementsSwitchesWeight DimensionsOutput connectorAudio-Technica case styleThe microphone shall be 170.0 mm (6.69") long and have a maximum body diameter of 52.0 mm (2.05"). Weight shall be 412 grams (14.5 oz). The microphone shall include a shock mount and a soft protective pouch.The Audio-Technica AT2050 is specified.461。
英语初级听力参考答案lesson5英语初级听力参考答案Lesson 5听力练习一:日常对话理解1. 问题:What does the man want to buy?答案:The man wants to buy a cup of coffee.2. 问题:What time does the woman suggest to meet?答案:The woman suggests meeting at 3:00 PM.3. 问题:Why is the man late?答案:The man is late because he missed the bus.4. 问题:What is the weather like today?答案:It is sunny and warm today.5. 问题:Where are the speakers going after school?答案:The speakers are going to the library after school. 听力练习二:短文理解短文内容:Today is a beautiful day. The sun is shining, and the birds are singing. Mary and John are planning to go to the park. Mary wants to have a picnic, and John wants to play soccer. They decide to meet at the park at noon. Mary is bringing sandwiches and fruit, while John is bringing a soccer balland a frisbee.1. 问题:What is the weather like according to the passage?答案:The weather is beautiful with the sun shining and birds singing.2. 问题:What are Mary and John planning to do?答案:Mary and John are planning to go to the park.3. 问题:What time are they meeting at the park?答案:They are meeting at the park at noon.4. 问题:What is Mary bringing for the picnic?答案:Mary is bringing sandwiches and fruit.5. 问题:What is John bringing to the park?答案:John is bringing a soccer ball and a frisbee.听力练习三:数字和时间听力材料:The train leaves at 5:45 PM. The bus number 37 arrives every 20 minutes. The flight number 207 is scheduled to depart at 7:30 AM. The store opens at 9:00 AM and closes at 6:00 PM.1. 问题:When does the train leave?答案:The train leaves at 5:45 PM.2. 问题:How often does the bus number 37 arrive?答案:The bus number 37 arrives every 20 minutes.3. 问题:What is the departure time of flight number 207?答案:Flight number 207 is scheduled to depart at 7:30 AM.4. 问题:What time does the store open?答案:The store opens at 9:00 AM.5. 问题:What time does the store close?答案:The store closes at 6:00 PM.听力练习四:地点和方向听力材料:The library is located on the corner of Elm Street and Oak Street. To get to the library, you need to turn left at the first traffic light and then right at the next intersection. The museum is across from the library. The bank is two blocks down Elm Street from the library.1. 问题:Where is the library located?答案:The library is located on the corner of Elm Street and Oak Street.2. 问题:What is the direction to the library?答案:To get to the library, turn left at the firsttraffic light and then right at the next intersection.3. 问题:Where is the museum in relation to the library?答案:The museum is across from the library.4. 问题:How far is the bank from the library?答案:The bank is two blocks down Elm Street from thelibrary.5. 问题:What is the name of the street where the bank is located?答案:The bank is located on Elm Street.听力练习五:综合理解听力材料:Tom is a student who lives in a small town. He usually goes to school by bike. Today, he has a doctor's appointment at 2:00 PM. After the appointment, he plans to go to the bookstore to buy a new novel. The bookstore is next to the post office.1. 问题:How does Tom usually go to school?答案:Tom usually goes to school by bike.2. 问题:What is Tom's plan for today?答案:Today, Tom has a doctor's appointment at 2:00 PM and plans to go to the bookstore to buy a new novel.3. 问题:When is Tom's doctor。
考试时间:120分钟满分:100分一、选择题(共30分,每题2分,共15题)1. Hello, how are you today?A. Hello, you are good.B. Hello, I'm fine, thank you.C. Hello, I'm sorry, I'm not well.D. Hello, nice to meet you.2. Where is the nearest supermarket?A. It is on the left.B. It is on the right.C. It is behind us.D. It is in front of us.3. She is a teacher. She teaches us English.A. She is a teacher, she teaches us Chinese.B. She is a teacher, she teaches us math.C. She is a teacher, she teaches us science.D. She is a teacher, she teaches us music.4. I have a cat. It is black and white.A. I have a dog. It is brown and white.B. I have a bird. It is red and blue.C. I have a fish. It is yellow and green.D. I have a rabbit. It is purple and pink.5. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.A. The moon rises in the east and sets in the west.B. The stars rise in the east and set in the west.C. The clouds rise in the east and set in the west.D. The wind rises in the east and sets in the west.6. My birthday is on June 15th.A. My friend's birthday is on July 20th.B. My mother's birthday is on August 10th.C. My father's birthday is on September 5th.D. My sister's birthday is on October 12th.7. I like to play soccer.A. I like to play basketball.B. I like to play volleyball.C. I like to play tennis.D. I like to play chess.8. How much is this book?A. It is $5.B. It is $10.C. It is $15.D. It is $20.9. I will go to school by bus tomorrow.A. I will go to school by car tomorrow.B. I will go to school by train tomorrow.C. I will go to school by bike tomorrow.D. I will go to school by plane tomorrow.10. What time is it?A. It's 8:00.B. It's 9:00.C. It's 10:00.D. It's 11:00.11. My favorite food is pizza.A. My favorite food is sushi.B. My favorite food is pasta.C. My favorite food is curry.D. My favorite food is hamburger.12. She is a student. She is in Grade 8.A. She is a teacher. She is in Grade 7.B. She is a doctor. She is in Grade 9.C. She is a lawyer. She is in Grade 10.D. She is a nurse. She is in Grade 11.13. It's a sunny day.A. It's a rainy day.B. It's a cloudy day.C. It's a windy day.D. It's a snowy day.14. He is tall and strong.A. He is short and weak.B. He is thin and tall.C. He is fat and short.D. He is thin and short.15. I have two brothers and one sister.A. I have one brother and two sisters.B. I have three brothers and no sisters.C. I have no brothers and two sisters.D. I have two brothers and no sisters.二、完形填空(共20分,每题2分,共10题)My name is Tom. I live in Wujian Town, Wujian District. I am a studentin Wujian Middle School. I have a good family. My parents are both teachers. My brother is a doctor, and my sister is a nurse.Every morning, I wake up at 6:30. I have breakfast at 7:00 and then go to school. School starts at 8:00 and ends at 4:30. After school, I do my homework and then play soccer with my friends. In the evening, I have dinner with my family and watch TV.On weekends, I like to go to the library to read books. I also like to visit my grandparents in the countryside. They live in a small village. It is very peaceful there.I have many friends at school. We study together and help each other. We also have fun together. I like my school and my life here very much.16. Tom lives in _______.A. Wujian TownB. Wujian DistrictC. Wujian Middle SchoolD. Wujian Library17. Tom's parents are _______.A. teachersB. doctorsC. nursesD. engineers18. Tom goes to school at _______.A. 6:30B. 7:00C. 8:00D. 4:3019. Tom's favorite sport is _______.A. basketballB. soccerC. tennisD. swimming20. Tom likes to visit his grandparents in _______.A. the cityB. the countrysideC. the libraryD. the hospital三、阅读理解(共20分,每题2分,共10题)Once upon a time, there was a small village in China. The village was very beautiful. There were many trees and flowers. The people in the village were very friendly.One day, a man came to the village. He was a traveler. He wanted to stay in the village for a few days. The villagers were happy to welcome him. They showed him around the village and introduced him to their friends.The traveler was very impressed by the beauty of the village. He also liked the kindness of the people. He decided to stay longer than he had planned. He stayed in the village for a month.During his stay, the traveler helped the villagers. He built a bridge over a river, and he also planted trees. The villagers were verygrateful to him. They invited him to their homes for dinner.When the traveler left the village, the villagers were sad. But they were also happy. They knew that they would see him again. They promised to visit him in his home country.21. Where did the traveler come from?A. ChinaB. Another countryC. The villageD. The city22. Why did the traveler stay in the village?A. He was tired.B. He wanted to help the villagers.C. He wanted to see the beauty of the village.D. He wanted to meet new people.23. What did the traveler do for the villagers?A. He taught them English.B. He built a bridge and planted trees.C. He gave them money.D. He showed them around the village.24. How long did the traveler stay in the village?A. A few days.B. A week.C. A month.D. A year.25. What did the villagers do when the traveler left?A. They were sad.B. They were happy.C. They were angry.D. They were indifferent.四、短文改错(共10分,每题2分,共5题)My favorite animal is the tiger. It is a big cat and lives in the forest. Tigers are very strong and powerful. They have yellow fur and black stripes. They have sharp claws and big teeth. They can run very fast.Tigers are also very clever. They can hunt for their food. They eat meat. Tigers usually hunt at night. They catch their prey with their sharp claws and kill them with their big teeth.Tigers are an endangered species. They are losing their natural habitat. People are hunting them for their fur and bones. We should protect them and stop hunting them.1. __________2. __________3. __________4. __________5. __________五、写作(共20分)Write a short paragraph about your favorite place in your hometown. Describe what it looks like, what you do there, and why you like it.(请在此处开始写作)。
试卷C 参考答案
一、选择题
1 .B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.A
二、名词解释(每题4分,计24分)
1.单位质量炸药爆炸反应过程放出的热量。
2.炸药在热的作用下保持其物理、化学等爆炸性质不发生明显的变化的能力。
3.一定条件下,将炸药加热到爆炸时,加热介质的温度。
4.C-J 爆轰是所具有可能的爆轰中,爆轰速度最小的爆轰。
5.猛度:炸药爆炸后对与之直接相接触的物质的直接破坏和粉碎作用,反映出炸药的局部
破坏作用。
6.当地介质的运动速度也当地声速之比值。
三、论述题或计算题(计56分)
1.军事上:用于装填各种炮弹、炸弹、地雷、水雷等,用于推动火箭升空和导弹飞行、用
于产生信号、烟雾等特殊效果。
民用上:用于矿山开采、筑路、水利、水电等建设中的爆破工程,用于爆炸焊接、加工
成型等爆炸加工。
关系:(1)用于装填雷管的起爆药,必须具有爆轰成长短的特征,即燃向爆轰的转变十分迅
速。
(2)用于推动火箭运行的炸药,利用了炸药的燃烧性质。
(3)爆破工程中岩石爆破破碎总是利用炸药的爆轰而不是燃烧。
2.一般来说零氧平衡的混合炸药爆热高,因而其爆炸作功能力大,除含金属粉的混合炸药
外,零氧平衡的混合炸药爆热高,爆轰速度和爆轰压力也比较高。
1
11
1632210.20.768 3.34.224
0.20.945 3.430.0550.023.AN OB g g C H OB g g OB g g ---=⨯⨯--⨯∴=⨯-⨯=的1632+1616的=-
==32+1612
02201000225553.340/21()1
23001.01310 1.2267001()2.4
7001.01310 3.82510 4.8410D D C m s c p p v k v u Pa
ρ===≈⎡⎤=+-⎢⎥+-⎣⎦⎡⎤=⨯+⨯⨯-⎢⎥⎣
⎦=⨯+⨯=⨯ 220100022300()[1()700[1()]445.7/1 2.4700D D c u u v u m s k v u =+--=⨯-=+-
2200112033
1011010022340//1[1()]1[1()]0.3631 2.4700
/0.363 3.37710.4.840.3632884991.013
D c v v k v u g cm v T T K v ρρρρρρ--==--=-⨯-=+-∴==⨯⨯==⨯= 4.B-W 方法:
366622333C H O N H O CO N →++
最大放热量方法:36662223 1.5 1.53C H O N H O CO C N →+++
(1) 方程式不同,爆热计算结果不同,因而爆轰参数计算不同。
(2) 方程式不同,绝热指数计算结果不同,因而爆轰参数计算不同。
5.根据热力学第一定律,系统内能的减少等于系统对环境所做的功和系统向环境传递的热
量,对一微小过程有:
-dU=δQ+δA (1)
若炸药在介质中爆炸瞬间完成,然后高温高压的爆炸产物绝热膨胀做功,即爆炸产物的膨胀
过程和周围介质没有热交换, 所以有:-dU =δA (2) U:爆炸产物所具有的内能,A :爆炸产物膨胀对外所做的功,Q :爆炸产物膨胀过程中对外
界传递的热量,Q=0。
若U 只是温度的函数,则有: dU=cdT (3)
由(2)和(3)得:A= -⎰
1
2T T cdT =1(T 1-T 2) (4)
T 1、T 2是爆炸产物开始膨胀前和膨胀终了的温度,1是在T 1、T 2之间的平均热容。
再根据热力学第一定律,对瞬间完成的爆炸(定容爆炸):
dU=δQ (5)
类似有: Q V =
⎰1
0T T cdT =c 2(T 1-T 0) (6)
T 0炸药的初温(一般为环境温度),T 1为炸药爆温,c 2为T 1、
T 0间的平均比热容,。
一般T 0<<T 1,所以Q v ≈c 2T 1
如果 c 1=c 2= c ,那么Q v ≈c T 1 (7)
由(4)和(7)得: A =c (T 1-T 2)=Q V (1-12T T ) (8)
若爆轰产物为理想气体且膨胀过程服从规律:PV r =constant, 则有: A = Q V [1-121)(-r V V ]= Q V [1-r r P P 112)(-]=ηQ V (9)
这就是炸药爆炸做功能力的理论表达式,式中Q v :定容爆热,V :比容,P :压力,r:绝热
指数,η:做功效率,下标1和2分别表示爆炸产物的初态和终态。