M5U2导纲二

高二年级英语导学提纲（2）班级_______姓名_________学号______课题：M5U2 The environment Grammar 2013年8月31号课前导学：用括号内的动词适当形式填空：1. Do you know the man ________ (speak) at the meeting now?2. Do you know the man ________ (refer) to at the meeting just now?3. The building ___________ (put) up just now is our new company.___________ (put) up now will be our new company.___________ (put) up next year will be our new company4. There was an old temple _____ (stand) at the top of the hill.5. There is a sports meeting _____ (hold) next Tuesday.6. There was an old man ______ (live) in the village.7. Warmly _____ (praise) for his work, he was too excited to fall asleep.8. When ____________(decide) what is most important in life, some people choose money,while others choose things like security and comfort.课堂探究：现在分词一、现在分词的形式1. 现在分词的主动语态:一般式(doing)：表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。

完成式(having done): 表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。

They went to the park, singing and talking.Having finished his homework, he played basketball.2. 现在分词的被动语态：一般式(being done)：表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作。

完成式(having been done)：表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作, 常作状语。

The problem being discussed is very important.Having been told many times, the naughty boy still made the same mistake.3. 否定式: not + doing.He sat there, not knowing what to do.Not having caught the early bus, he waited for the next one.二、现在分词的用法现在分词具有形容词和副词词性。

因此在句子中可以充当：定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

但：现在分词的完成式（即having done / having been done）通常作状语。

Having been in bed for three days, he was sent to hospital.She is the girl having amazed me with her talent. (×)Ⅰ. 作定语(1) 现在分词作定语可以放在名词前面修饰名词，我们还可以在现在分词的前面加上适当的副词进行修饰，也可以用名词或形容词+现在分词构成复合词来修饰名词。

This will have a lasting effect.That was an extremely interesting speech.The fast-growing economy has caused environmental problems.A wood-burning stove is environmentally unfriendly.(2) 现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别：动名词作定语表名词的作用或功能，现在分词作定语表名词正在进行的动作。

a swimming girl a swimming poolthe running water the running tracka sleeping child a sleeping coach/baga flying bird a flying course(3) 现在分词作定语与过去分词,不定式作定语的区别①v-ed表被动关系或动作已完成。

②v-ing表示动作正在发生，主动关系。

③to do表示将要发生的动作。

the house being built/to be built/builtthe rising/risen sun(4) 现在分词作定语转换成定语从句People running these factories are very concerned about the environment.= People who run these factories are very concerned about the environment.Ⅱ. 现在分词作表语与过去分词作表语的区别现在分词: 表示主语所具有的特征; “令人……的”过去分词: 表示主语所处的状态；“感到……的”The book interests me. ( The book 动作发出者；me 动作承受者)The book is interesting.I am interested in the book.Ⅲ. 作宾语补足语(1)感官动词后的现在分词作宾语补足语这类动词有see, observe, notice, watch, hear, smell, listen to, look at, find，feel等。

She smelt something burning.比较: 感官动词后接分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行；而若接不带to的不定式则表示动作的全过程，且动作已完成。

I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.She felt someone pat her on the head.(2)使役、致使动词后的现在分词作宾语补足语这类动词有have, , catch, get, keep, leave等They caught him smoking in the kitchen.Don’t leave the water running.Ⅳ. 作状语(1)作时间状语：相当于一个when/while引导的从句，或直接与while/when等词连用如：Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. (= While/When he worked…)(2)作原因状语:相当于一个as, because, since 引导的从句，如：Being a League member, he is always helping others. (=Because he is a League member,...)(3)作方式或伴随状语: 可以改写成并列句，如：He walked down the hill, singing to himself.(= He walked down the hill and sang to himself.)(4)作条件状语: 相当于一个if, unless引导的从句，通常放在句子的前半部分，如：Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. (=If you play all day,...)(5)作结果状语: 相当于so that 引导的从句，这类状语通常放在句子的后半部分，并用逗号同前面的句子成分隔开，常可译为“于是，所以，因而”等，如：His father died, leaving him a large fortune.Many communities have a low literacy rate, making it impossible passing out AIDS literature and expecting people to read it.许多社区的居民受教育比例低，这使得向他们散发艾滋病资料、希望他们自己阅读材料的做法不切实际。

5. 连接词如when, while, unless, once, if, even if等加上现在分词作状语，表示时间，条件，让步等. 注意：必需要满足现在分词的逻辑主语是主句主语，并且从句中有be 时，才可以使用。

When crossing the street, you should be careful.= When you are crossing the street, you should be careful.过去分词一、过去分词的形式：1. 过去分词的否定（not，never等）要放在过去分词前面。

如：Not given enough time, I had to give up halfway.2. 修饰分词的副词一般置于分词的前面。

如：Greatly encouraged by the story, we are determined to do our best for the country.3. 过去分词还可以与其它词组成合成形容词。

1）副词＋过去分词：well-educated（受过良好教育的），ill-treated（受到恶劣对待的），overused（被滥用的），homemade（家制的）2）名词＋过去分词：hand-made（手工制作的），man-made（人造的）3）另外还有，形容词（或名词）＋名词＋ed的形式：kind-hearted（心地善良的），absent-minded（心不在焉的），warm-blooded（温血的）二、过去分词的用法：动词的过去分词具有副词、形容词的特征，在句中可作定语、表语、补语、状语。

I.作定语1.位置: 单个过去分词一般位于名词前, 过去分词短语位于名词后,在功能上相当于一个定语从句。

e.g. The stolen car was found by the police last week.The speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience.=The speaker answered all the questions that were raised by the audience.The lost time can never be found again.This novel written by him has been sold out in a few days.= This novel ______ ______ _____ ______ _____ has been sold out in a few days.2. 不及物动词的过去分词也可作前置定语，但只表完成, 不表被动。