1 1. Research Centre and the Proposed Research Alignment

研究生学术英语第六单元摘要：一、引言1.研究生学术英语的重要性2.第六单元的主题概述二、学术英语写作技巧1.清晰表达观点2.逻辑结构严谨3.语言精准且专业4.善于利用文献和案例支撑论点三、本单元重点语法现象1.动词时态和语态2.名词性从句3.情态动词的用法4.虚拟语气的运用四、实践练习1.分析并改进给出的学术英语段落2.撰写一篇符合学术英语要求的短文五、总结与展望1.回顾本单元所学内容2.学术英语写作能力的提升对研究生的意义3.鼓励持续学习和实践正文：一、引言随着全球化的发展，研究生学术英语的重要性日益凸显。

在日常学术研究和国际交流中，良好的学术英语能力成为必备技能。

本文以研究生学术英语第六单元为切入点，对其中的学术英语写作技巧进行探讨，以期帮助读者提升学术英语写作水平。

二、学术英语写作技巧1.清晰表达观点在学术英语写作中，首先要做到清晰表达自己的观点。

文章应围绕主题展开，避免跑题。

此外，观点应具有创新性，能引起读者的兴趣。

2.逻辑结构严谨一篇优秀的学术英语文章应具备严谨的逻辑结构。

作者需注意段落间的过渡和逻辑关系，使文章条理清晰。

3.语言精准且专业在学术英语写作中，语言的精准性和专业性至关重要。

作者应尽量避免使用非学术性词汇和表达，以彰显专业素养。

4.善于利用文献和案例支撑论点学术英语写作中，作者应充分利用文献和案例来支撑自己的论点。

这既体现了作者的研究深度，也为读者提供了更多的思考空间。

三、本单元重点语法现象1.动词时态和语态在学术英语写作中，正确使用动词时态和语态至关重要。

作者应根据事实发生时间选择合适的时态，并根据句子主语和动作关系使用正确的语态。

2.名词性从句名词性从句在学术英语中具有重要作用。

作者要学会使用名词性从句来表示因果关系、阐述观点等，使文章更具说服力。

3.情态动词的用法情态动词在学术英语中有着特定用法。

作者应掌握其用法，以恰当表达自己对观点的把握程度。

4.虚拟语气的运用虚拟语气在学术英语写作中具有重要意义。

选择性必修其次册UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Ⅰ.阅读理解Jose Hernandez made his dream of becoming an astronaut a reality and he did so despite unbelievable difficulties.“I was working in a field near Stockton，and I heard on my radio that Franklin Chang-Diaz had been selected for the Astronaut Corps，”said Jose，who was a senior in high school at the time.“I was already interested in science and engineering，”Jose remembered.“But that was the moment I said，‘I want to fly in space.’”As one of four children in a migrant(移民)farming family from Mexico，Jose—who didn’t learn English until he was 12 years old—spent much of his childhood traveling with his family from Mexico to southern California each March，then working northward to the Stockton area by November，picking strawberries and cucumbers at farms along the route.They would then return to Mexico for Christmas and start the cycle all over again in the spring.“Some kids might think it would be fun to travel like that，”Jose laughed.“But we had to work.”After graduating from high school，Jose was admitted into the University of the Pacific.In 1987，he accepted a full-time job with Lawrence National Laboratory.In 2001，Jose joined the Johnson Space Centre，where he came face-to-face with Franklin Chang-Diaz.“We actually had common experiences—a similar upbringing，the same language issues.That built up my confidence.Any barriers that existed，he had already overcome them，”Jose smiled.“Now it’s my turn！”“NASA rejected me not once，not twice，not three times but 11 times.It wasn’t until the 12th time that I got selected，”he said.Jose was selected as part of the 19th class of astronauts in 2004.He circled the globe 217 times but remains a down to Earth guy. Jose Hernandez received the 2016 National Hispanic Hero Award and he continueshis long history in the field of engineering and space.1.What made Jose determined to be an astronaut?A.The influence of Astronaut Corps.B.The success of Franklin Chang-Diaz.C.His interest in science and engineering.D.The experience of working in the field.2.What can we learn about Jose as a child?A.He did much farm work.B.He traveled a lot for fun.C.He hated learning English.D.He obeyed his family in everything.3.How did Jose feel when he met Franklin Chang-Diaz personally?A.Inspired.B.Valued.C.Relaxed.D.Puzzled.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Climb over BarriersB.Reach for the StarsC.Work the Hard WayD.Learn from Your PastPeople who regularly sleep for six hours or less each night in middle age are more likely to develop dementia (痴呆) than those who routinely manage seven hours，according to a major study into the disease.Researchers found a 30% greater risk of dementia in those who during their 50s，60s and 70s consistently had a short night’s sleep，regardless of other risk factors such as heart condition and poor mental health.Sabia，an author of the study at the University of Paris and her colleagues analyzed survey data from University College London’s Whitehall study，which launched in 1985 and followed the health and lifestyles of more than 10，000 Britishvolunteers.The French team focused on nearly 8，000 participants who self-reported their sleep patterns.During 25 years of follow-up，521 participants developed dementia，with most diagnosed in their late 70s.Writing in Nature Communications，the scientists described how those who routinely got six hours of sleep or less each night in their 50s and 60s were 30% more likely to develop dementia than those who typically managed seven hours.The study does not prove that sleeping too little causes dementia，since sleep loss itself may be one of the earliest symptoms of the disease.But some scientists believe the results strengthen evidence that continuous poor sleep may at least contribute to the disease.The first pathological changes that lead to dementia occur one to two decades before the disease becomes obvious，as sticky proteins called amyloid build up in the brain.When the 1985 Whitehall study first assessed the sleep of volunteers who later developed dementia，this process had probably not started.This meant that if they were sleeping too little，it was unlikely to have been caused by dementia-related brain changes.“It strengthens the evidence that poor sleep in middle age could cause or worsen dementia in later life，”said Dr.Liz Coulthard，a consultant senior lecturer in dementia neurology.“It makes sense to take measures to improve sleep such as going outside during daylight hours to help maintain the natural rhythms that promote good sleep，avoiding too much alcohol or caffeine，particularly before bed，and finding a bedtime routine that works for you.”5.What risk factor for dementia does the passage focus on?A.Sleep loss.B.Age.C.Poor mental health.D.Heart condition.6.How did French scientists get the research findings?A.By making a comparison.B.By monitoring sleep patterns.C.By interviewing British volunteers.D.By analyzing previous survey data.7.In what tone do the scientists talk about the research?A.Casual.B.Doubtful.C.Negative.D.Cautious.8.What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A.To give examples.B.To collect proofs.C.To offer suggestions.D.To present arguments.Ⅱ.完形填空It was just a typical morning of an ordinary workday.I was at the __1__，on my way to the lab where I was a postdoctoral fellow.But something began to __2__ inside me as I watched the people around me—headphones hanging from their ears，__3__ cast down，unsmiling faces.They looked unhappy.And I realized that I was one of them.Suddenly，I could no longer __4__ with my work life and booked a one-way ticket to fly home.Over the years，I had grown more __5__due to the pressure of finishing my Ph.D.Those who could have been partners became competitors I disliked and the effect of this competition was exactly the __6__ of what I had hoped for.I began to feel lonely and __7__.I became less and less productive in my scientific work.I __8__ my breaking point that day at the bus stop.I had to end this.I emailed my professors，explaining that I had put the __9__ first and myself second for too long.Shortly after I got back home，I started to receive some emails from my workmates—I guessed they expected me to join them again soon.After a few __10__ asking how I was，in the emails many expressed their stress of academic life.Vulnerable researchers were __11__ their heads out of their shells (壳)，seeking help.It occurred to me that we all __12__ sometimes，and our vulnerability (脆弱) seemed so much alike that I __13__ myself from all that had bothered me for days.Actually it can be a __14__ game，instead of one where one side gains while the other side loses.Working withothers and asking for help doesn’t make my contributions __15__：it means we can all succeed.1.A.cafe shop B.bookstoreC.supermarketD.bus stop2.A.awaken B.tackleC.settleD.disappear3.A.nose B.eyesC.neckD.arms4.A.go B.continuebineD.exchange5.A.mature B.academicpetitiveD.positive6.A.output B.alternativeC.caseD.opposite7.A.inspired B.lostC.pureD.guilty8.A.spotted B.markedC.hitD.set9.A.evaluation B.adaptationprehensionD.occupation10.A.jokes B.linesC.callsD.accounts11.A.sticking B.standingC.bringingD.figuring12.A.choke B.urgeC.sufferD.hesitate13.A.discouraged B.bannedC.freedD.prevented14.A.brand-new B.non-controversialC.so-calledD.win-win15.A.unimportant B.improperC.irregularD.illogicalⅢ.语法填空(2024·山东省潍坊市高三二模)Doctors in the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have followed the meal-time habits of more than 500 people for six years，1.____________(find) weight change is most affected by the size and 2.____________(frequent) of meals rather than the interval (间隔) from first to last meal.It challenges the popular trend of intermittent fasting (禁食) 3.____________ a useful weight loss strategy. Intermittent fasting，also referred to as time-restricted feeding，is a dietary strategy where all meals 4.____________(consume) during a short window of time each day.These windows can extend from 6 to 10 hours，resulting in a person essentially fasting for up to 18 hours each day.The idea reveals 5.____________ is no link between the time of a person’s eating window each day and weight changes.“Based on other studies that have come out，including 6.____________(we)，we are starting to think timing of meals most likely doesn’t produce 7.____________ instant impact on weight loss，”said doctor Bennett.“What does matter，however，is the total number of medium and large meals a person eats over the day.” It suggests simply eating smaller meals，less frequently，is 8.____________ ultimately leads to weight loss.All of this doesn’t mean intermittent fasting strategies won’t help.But what does seem increasingly clear is that the weight loss benefits occasionally 9.____________(see) with these eating strategies may be primarily driven by a reduced caloric intake.It doesn’t mean you can simply eat all you want in a short window each day and still expect 10.____________(lose) weight.选择性必修其次册UNIT 1Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。

2024届高三考前全真模拟考试英语时间：120分钟总分：150分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面 5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例:How much is the shirtA. 19.15.B. 9.18.C. 9.15.答案是C。

1. What will the speakers do nextA. Check the map.B. Leave the restaurant.C. Park the car.2. Where are the speakersA. At a bus stop.B. At home.C. At the airport.3. What did the speakers do last weekA They had a celebration dinner.B. They went to see a newborn baby.C. They sent a mail to their neighbors.4. Why does the man make the phone callA. To cancel a weekend trip.B. To make an appointment.C. To get some information.5 What does the man probably want to doA. Do some exercise.B. Get an extra key.C. Order room service.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

2021.6月四级第二套试卷一、写作（30分钟）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay titled “Do violent video games lead to violence?”. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.二、听力理解（25分钟）Section A.Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.News Report One.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.A new study has found that most Americans can't go more than four hours without checking their phones. The study was carried out by a research firm. They surveyed 2,000 people across the United States. It found that 73% of Americans check their phones within the first 10 minutes of waking up. And 55% reach for their phones immediately if they wake up in the middle of the night.1. What did the new study find?A) Most Americans check their phones very often.B) Americans spend too much time on their phones.C) Americans use their phones mainly for checking emails.D) Most Americans are addicted to social media on their phones.2. How many people were surveyed in the study?A) 1,000.B) 1,500.C) 2,000.D) 2,500.News Report Two.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.A large fire broke out in an apartment building in downtown Los Angeles on Tuesday night. The fire started on the third floor and quickly spread to other floors. More than 100 firefighters were called to the scene. They worked for several hours to put out the fire. Fortunately, no one was seriously injured in the fire. However, many residents lost their homes and belongings.3. Where did the fire break out?A) In a shopping mall in downtown Los Angeles.B) In an apartment building in downtown Los Angeles.C) In an office building in downtown Los Angeles.D) In a hotel in downtown Los Angeles.4. How many firefighters were called to the scene?A) More than 50.B) More than 80.C) More than 100.D) More than 120.News Report Three.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.A new law has been passed in the state of California. The law aims to reduce plastic waste. It requires all single - use plastic bags to be banned in grocery stores and other retail stores starting from next year. Stores will be required to offer reusable bags or paper bags for customers. Environmental groups have welcomed the new law, saying it is a big step forward in protecting the environment.5. What is the aim of the new law in California?A) To increase the use of single - use plastic bags.B) To reduce plastic waste.C) To promote the use of paper bags.D) To encourage the use of reusable bags.6. When will the ban on single - use plastic bags start?A) This year.B) Next year.C) In two years.D) In three years.7. What do environmental groups think of the new law?A) They think it is not strict enough.B) They think it is a waste of time.C) They think it is a big step forward.D) They think it will cause inconvenience to customers.Section B.Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Conversation One.Questions 8 to 11 will be based on the following conversation.M: Hi, Jane. How are you today?W: I'm fine, thanks. How about you?M: I'm good. I heard you went on a trip last week. Where did you go?W: I went to Paris. It was amazing.M: Really? What did you do there?W: I visited a lot of famous places like the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre Museum.M: That sounds great. How was the food?W: The food was delicious. I had French bread, cheese and wine.M: Yum. How did you get around the city?W: I took the subway. It was very convenient.8. Where did Jane go last week?A) London.B) Paris.C) Rome.D) Berlin.9. What did Jane do in Paris?A) She visited some famous places.B) She went shopping.C) She attended a concert.D) She visited some friends.10. What did Jane have for food in Paris?A) Italian pizza and coffee.B) French bread, cheese and wine.C) British fish and chips.D) German sausages and beer.11. How did Jane get around the city?A) By bus.B) By taxi.C) By subway.D) By bike.Conversation Two.Questions 12 to 15 will be based on the following conversation.M: Hi, Sarah. I'm thinking about buying a new laptop. Can you give me some advice?W: Sure. What do you need it for?M: I mainly use it for work. I need to write reports, make presentations and do some data analysis.W: Then you should look for a laptop with a good processor and enough memory.M: How much memory do you think I need?W: At least 8GB, but 16GB would be better.M: Okay. What about the hard drive?W: If you have a lot of files to store, you should get a laptop with a large hard drive, like 1TB or more.M: I see. And what brand do you recommend?W: Well, some popular brands are Dell, Lenovo and HP. They are all reliable.12. What does the man want to buy?A) A new smartphone.B) A new laptop.C) A new tablet.D) A new camera.13. What does the man mainly use the device for?A) Playing games.B) Watching movies.C) Work.D) Studying.14. How much memory does the woman recommend at least?A) 4GB.B) 6GB.C) 8GB.D) 10GB.15. Which of the following brands does the woman recommend?A) Apple.B) Samsung.C) Dell.D) Sony.Section C.Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage One.Questions 16 to 18 will be based on the following passage.The Internet has changed the way we communicate. It has made it easier and faster to connect with people all over the world. However, it has also brought some problems. One problem is cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is when someone uses the Internet to bully or harass others. It can include sending mean messages, spreading rumors or posting embarrassing pictures. Another problem is the spread of false information. With the Internet, false information can spread very quickly and cause a lot of harm.16. What has the Internet changed?A) The way we study.B) The way we communicate.C) The way we work.D) The way we travel.17. What is cyberbullying?A) When someone uses the Internet to help others.B) When someone uses the Internet to bully or harass others.C) When someone uses the Internet to make friends.D) When someone uses the Internet to sell products.18. What is another problem brought by the Internet?A) The spread of viruses.B) The spread of false information.C) The high cost of using the Internet.D) The difficulty in learning new technologies.Passage Two.Questions 19 to 21 will be based on the following passage.In recent years, more and more people are choosing to travel alone. There are several reasons for this. First, traveling alone gives people more freedom. They can decide where to go, when to go and how long to stay. Second, it can be a great opportunity for self - discovery. People can learn more about themselves when they are alone. Third, traveling alone can be less expensive. They don't have to share the cost with others.19. What is the trend in recent years?A) More people are choosing to travel in groups.B) More people are choosing to travel alone.C) More people are choosing not to travel.D) More people are choosing to travel with family.20. Why do people choose to travel alone?A) Because it is more exciting.B) Because it gives more freedom.C) Because it is safer.D) Because it is more popular.21. Which of the following is an advantage of traveling alone?A) It can be more expensive.B) It can be a great opportunity for self - discovery.C) It can be less interesting.D) It can be more difficult to plan.Passage Three.Questions 22 to 25 will be based on the following passage.There are many different types of music in the world. Each type has its own characteristics. For example, classical music is often considered to be very elegant and complex. It usually has a large orchestra and a conductor. Rock music, on the other hand, is more energetic and loud. It often features electric guitars and drums. Jazz music is known for its improvisation. Musicians often create new melodies on the spot. Folk music is usually based on the traditions of a particular region or country.22. What is classical music often considered to be?A) Simple and easy - to - understand.B) Elegant and complex.C) Boring and old - fashioned.D) Loud and energetic.23. What is a feature of rock music?A) It has a large orchestra.B) It features electric guitars and drums.C) It is known for its improvisation.D) It is based on regional traditions.24. What is jazz music known for?A) Its simplicity.B) Its improvisation.C) Its large orchestra.D) Its use of traditional instruments.25. What is folk music based on?A) The traditions of a particular region or country.B) The latest musical trends.C) The works of famous composers.D) The preferences of young people.三、阅读理解（40分钟）Section A.Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. Youare required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the word bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the wordsin the word bank more than once.The idea of having a single career is becoming an old - fashioned one. The new fashion will be to have several careers or ways of earning moneyand further education will be something that continues throughout life.The most important reason for this change is the rapid development of technology. New technology has made many jobs_26_. For example, in the past, a person who worked in a factory might have done the same job for years.But now, with the introduction of robots, that job may no longer exist. People need to_27_ their skills and knowledge in order to find new jobs.Another reason is the change in the nature of work. In the past, most jobs were_28_, which means that people worked for a single employer for a long time. But now, more and more jobs are_29_, which means that peoplework for different employers or on different projects for short periods of time.This change also has an impact on education. In the past, education was mainly about getting a_30_ so that you could get a job. But now, educationis more about_31_ your skills and knowledge so that you can adapt to different jobs.There are also some challenges associated with this change. For example, it can be difficult to_32_ between different careers. And it can be expensive to get further education. But overall, this change is a positive one as it gives people more_33_ and opportunities.Word Bank:A) adapt.B) choose.C) continuous.D) degree.E) disappear.F) enhance.G) employed.H) flexible.I) identify.J) obsolete.K) opportunities.L) project - based.M) single - employer.N) update.26. J) obsolete.27. N) update.28. M) single - employer.29. L) project - based.30. D) degree.31. F) enhance.32. B) choose.33. K) opportunities.Section B.Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Sharing Economy.A) The sharing economy has been growing rapidly in recent years. It refers to the economic model in which people share their resources, such as their cars, homes or skills, with others in exchange for money or other benefits. The sharing economy has been made possible by the development of the Internet and mobile technology.B) One of the most well - known examples of the sharing economy is Airbnb. Airbnb allows people to rent out their homes or apartments to travelers. This has provided an alternative to traditional hotels and has been very popular with travelers who want to experience a more local way ofliving. Another example is Uber. Uber allows people to use their own cars to provide transportation services to others.C) The sharing economy has several advantages. First, it can make more efficient use of resources. For example, if a car is sitting idle in a driveway, it can be rented out through a car - sharing service. Second, it can provide more affordable options for consumers. For example, Airbnb rentals are often cheaper than hotel rooms. Third, it can create new economic opportunities for people. For example, people can earn extra money by renting out their homes or driving for Uber.D) However, the sharing economy also has some challenges. One challenge is the lack of regulation. Since the sharing economy is a relatively new phenomenon, there are not always clear rules and regulations governing it. This can lead to issues such as safety concerns and unfair competition. Another challenge is the impact on traditional industries. For example, the growth of Airbnb has had an impact on the hotel industry, and the growth of Uber has had an impact on the taxi industry.E) In order to address these challenges, governments around the world are starting to develop regulations for the sharing economy. For example, some cities have introduced regulations for Airbnb rentals, such aslimiting the number of days a property can be rented out per year. And some countries have introduced regulations for Uber drivers, such as requiring them to have a certain level of insurance.F) Despite these challenges, the sharing economy is likely to continue to grow in the future. As the Internet and mobile technology continue to develop, it will become even easier for people to share their resources. And as more people become aware of the advantages of the sharing economy, more and more people will be likely to participate in it.34. The sharing economy is made possible by the Internet and mobile technology. (A)35. Airbnb is an example of the sharing economy that allows people to rent out their homes. (B)36. One advantage of the sharing economy is that it can make more efficient use of resources. (C)37. The lack of regulation is a challenge for the sharing economy. (D)38. Governments are starting to develop regulations for the sharing economy. (E)39. Despite challenges, the sharing economy is likely to keep growing.(F)40. Uber is an example of the sharing economy that involves transportation services. (B)41. Another advantage of the sharing economy is that it can provide more affordable options. (C)42. The growth of Airbnb has an impact on the hotel industry. (D)43. Some cities have regulations for Airbnb rentals. (E)Section C.Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One.The concept of emotional intelligence (EI) was first introduced in the 1990s. It refers to the ability to recognize and manage one's own emotions, as well as.。

Unit1知识总结一、Translate the following Chinese phrases into English.1. 协力保护文化遗产 ______________________________________________2. 向农民供水 ____________________________________________________3. 向联合国求助 __________________________________________________4. 向各部门寻求捐助 ______________________________________________5. 在国际社会内集资 ______________________________________________6. 认为这项工程是个巨大的成功 ____________________________________7. 大金字塔的人口 ________________________________________________8. 在整个中国古代史上 ____________________________________________9. 高清数码照片 __________________________________________________10. 教育下一代有关保护历史遗迹的重要性 ___________________________二、Complete the sentences with the items given in the box. There is one extra item.A. ProtestsB. worthwhileC. promotedD. contrastE. limitF. conductingG. committeeH. processedI. mounted J. establish K. balance1. He ________ the platform and gave a speech to the crowd.2. She worked hard and was soon ________ to senior manager.3. This newspaper maintains a good ________ in its presentation of differentopinions.4. He accepted his punishment without ________.5. The ________ was composed of ten professors and twenty engineers.6. He has already begun to ________ quite a reputation as a journalist.7. High prices in the UK make it ________ for buyers to look abroad.8. The new network will enable data to be ________ more speedily.9. There is a sharp ________ between the cultures of the East and the West.10. We are ________ a survey of consumer attitudes towards organic food.三、Complete the sentences with a related form of the words in the brackets.1. The toy helps develop attention, patience and ________ of children. (creative)2. The paintings were in an excellent state of ________. (preserve)3. In his speech he ________ that the UN should set up an emergency centre forenvironmental protection. (proposal)4. The results of this research can be ________ to new developments intechnology. (application)5. Her work has ________ enormously to the success of this difficult subject.(contribution)6. The authorities are planning to launch a full-scale ________ into the crash.(investigate)7. After he won the amateur championship he turned ________. (profession)8. Beer has ________ been made from just four ingredients-hops（啤酒花）, malt （麦芽）, yeast（酵母）and water. (tradition)9. The second half of the game was dull by ________ with the first. (compare)10. The ________ of the crash victims was a long and difficult task. (identify)四、Each of the following words has more than one meaning. Complete each of thegiven word. Then fill in the brackets with its part of speech (for example, n., v., adj., adv.) and its meaning in Chinese.1. applya. She ________ for a job with the local newspaper. ( ________;________ )b. New technology is ________ to almost every industrial process.( ________;________ )a. The Royal Mail ________ a special set of star mark the occasion.( ________;________ )b. She usually writes about environmental ________. ( ________;________ )3. documenta. The thief stole everything in the office, including secret________.( ________;________ )b. His research ________ how the financial crisis occurred. ( ________;________ )4. attempta. The prisoners ________ to escape, but failed. ( ________;________ )b. She made no ________ to be sociable. ( ________;________ )5. imagea. The advertisements are intended to improve the company’s ________.( ________;________ )b. Many coins bear an ________ of its country’s president.( ________;________ )五、Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. sitesB. documentsC. foreverD. heritagesE. lostF. promotingG. processH. donatesI. application J. digital K. preserveResearchers are using 3D scanners to collect data about the size, colour and structure of the Nanchan Temple on Wutai Mountain in northern China’s Shanxi Province. They plan to create a(n) 1 archive（档案）for the temple. Scientists can learn more about the current situation of cultural 2 through data analysis and predict their morphological （形态的）changes in years to come. Once damaged, it can be possible to restore them precisely.At present, China is 3 digital technologies including laser scanning, 3D modelling and photogrammetry（摄影测绘）to 4 cultural heritages, especially ancient architecture such as UNESCO heritage 5 the Yungang Grottoes and the Mogao Grottoes. Even today, scientists are unable to stop the aging of the grottoes using chemical or physical methods. Recording all the information related to the grottoes in a scientific way is a means of protection.Researchers started exploring the digitalisation of the Yungang Grottoes in 2003, trying to permanently preserve its valuable cultural relics and historical 6 through technologies like surveying, laser scanning and artificial intelligence. Thanks to 3D printing technology, a reproduction of a cave in the Yungang Grottoes is being displayed in the eastern coastal city of Qingdao. Replicas（复制品）based on the original cave No.12, also called “Cave of Music”, and No.18, a representative of early caves of the grottoes, have been made by 3D printers and are waiting for the last 7—colouring. The Yungang Grottoes attract a large number of visitors from Qingdao annually. Most of them decide to visit the grottoes after seeing the replicas.Digital technology has also been used in the monitoring system of the grottoes such as recording the weathering speed of statues. The Yungang Grottoes are not the only pioneer in the 8 of digital technologies in cultural heritage preservation and display in China.Cultural heritage may be damaged or 9 , but the information they carry will last 10 with technologies.六、Translate the following sentences into English.1. 她无法保持平衡，跌倒在冰上。

Investigation and countermeasures of rural domestic sewage treatmentGAO Shengwang 1,HUANG Zhiping 2,XIA Xunfeng 3*,LIU Ping 3,WANG Hongliang 1,LI Yun 3（1.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;2.Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China;3.Technical Centre for Soil,Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100012,China ）Abstract ：The treatment of rural domestic sewage is an important and arduous task in the comprehensive improvement of rural human settlements.This research conducted a survey on the treatment of 396typical rural domestic sewage in 22provinces,and concluded that the rural sewage treatment modes mainly include centralized treatment-standardized discharge,centralized treatment-resource utilization,decentralized treatment-standardized discharge,and decentralized treatment-spot utilization.There are three main types of sewagetreatment processes ：biological treatment,ecological treatment and biological-ecological combined treatment.The common biological treatment technologies include anaerobic-aerobic combined （A/O,A 2/O,etc.）method,sequencing batch activated sludge （SBR ）methodand biological reactor;and the ecological treatment technologies include artificial wetlands,oxidation ponds and land infiltration processes.Among them,the biological-ecological combined treatment technology is suitable for the different rural domestic sewage treatment in农村生活污水治理调研及对策建议高生旺1，黄治平2，夏训峰3*，刘平3，王洪良1，李云3（1.中国环境科学研究院，北京100012；2.农业农村部环境保护科研监测所，天津300191；3.生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心，北京100012）收稿日期：2021-12-07录用日期：2022-03-01作者简介：高生旺（1989—），男，助理研究员，研究方向为农村污水处理。

Part I Listening Comprehension (25 points)Section A (5 points)In this section, you will hear five short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Boththe conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read thefour choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.1. A) The man is waiting for his friend. B) The man is tired of waiting.C) The woman is late. D) The woman is angry.2. A) They will go to the cinema. B) They will watch a football game.C) They will have a picnic. D) They will go to the beach.3. A) The man is a teacher. B) The woman is a student.C) The man is a doctor. D) The woman is a nurse.4. A) The woman is making a phone call. B) The woman is looking for her phone.C) The man is trying to help the woman. D) The woman is feeling ill.5. A) The man is a bus driver. B) The woman is a tourist guide.C) The man is lost. D) The woman is helping the man.Section B (10 points)In this section, you will hear a short passage. At the end of the passage, you will hear five questions. Both the passage and thequestions will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.6. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The importance of exercise. B) The benefits of a healthy diet.C) The impact of stress on health. D) The causes of sleep deprivation.7. According to the passage, what is one of the most common causes of stress?A) Work pressure. B) Lack of sleep. C) Financial problems. D) All of the above.8. How can stress affect our health?A) It can weaken the immune system. B) It can cause high blood pressure.C) It can lead to heart disease. D) All of the above.9. What is the recommended way to manage stress according to the speaker?A) To avoid stressful situations. B) To practice relaxation techniques.C) To seek professional help. D) All of the above.10. What does the speaker suggest at the end of the passage?A) To exercise regularly. B) To maintain a balanced diet.C) To get enough sleep. D) To manage stress effectively.Part II Vocabulary (15 points)Section A (10 points)In this section, there are ten sentences. Each sentence has one word or phrase underlined. Below each sentence, there are four other words or phrases marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.11. A) support B) prevent C) challenge D) resist12. A) reduce B) increase C) eliminate D) maintain13. A) consider B) investigate C) analyze D) predict14. A) establish B) maintain C) improve D) establish15. A) recognize B) understand C) appreciate D) neglect16. A) achieve B) maintain C) improve D) achieve17. A) adopt B) develop C) practice D) adopt18. A) encourage B) discourage C) prevent D) permit19. A) analyze B) summarize C) review D) evaluate20. A) encourage B) discourage C) prevent D) permitSection B (5 points)Choose the word that best fits the blank in each of the following sentences. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.21. The company is planning to ________ a new product line next year.A) launch B) introduce C) develop D) produce22. The teacher ________ the students to work together to solve the problem.A) motivated B) encouraged C) forced D) persuaded23. The report ________ the need for more research in this field.A) emphasized B) ignored C) criticized D) defended24. The government ________ strict measures to control pollution.A) implemented B) proposed C) postponed D) delayed25. The doctor ________ the patient to rest and avoid strenuous activities.A) advised B) requested C) recommended D) orderedPart III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A (10 points)Read the following passage and answer the questions below it.The rise of the internet has transformed the way we communicate and access information. One of the most significant impacts has been on education. Online learning platforms have made it possible for students to attend classes from anywhere in the world. This has opened up a world of opportunities for students who may not have access to traditional educational resources.However, the shift to online learning has also brought about challenges. One of the main concerns is the lack of face-to-face interaction between students and teachers. This can lead to feelings of isolation and a decrease in motivation. Additionally, online courses often require self-discipline and time management skills, which can be difficult for some students to develop.Despite these challenges, many students find that online learning offers numerous benefits. For example, it allows for a flexible schedule, which can be particularly beneficial for working adults or students with other commitments. It also provides access to a wide range of courses and resources that may not be available in local institutions.In conclusion, while online learning has its drawbacks, it also offers valuable opportunities for students. As technology continues to evolve, it is important for educators and students alike to adapt and find ways to maximize the benefits of online education.Questions:26. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of traditional education. B) The challenges of online learning.C) The impact of the internet on education. D) The advantages of online learning platforms.27. According to the passage, what is one of the main concerns about online learning?A) The lack of face-to-face interaction. B) The difficulty in developing time management skills.C) The cost of online courses. D) The reliance on technology.28. What does the passage suggest about online learning?A) It is more effective than traditional education. B) It is suitablefor all types of students.C) It offers more flexibility and access to resources. D) It requires less self-discipline.29. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of online learning?A) Flexibility in scheduling. B) Access to a wide range of courses.C) Lower costs. D) Improved communication skills.30. What is the author's overall opinion of online learning?A) It is superior to traditional education. B) It has more disadvantages than advantages.C) It offers valuable opportunities for students. D) It is a passing trend that will soon fade.Section B (10 points)Read the following passage and answer the questions below it.The importance of exercise cannot be overstated. Regular physicalactivity has numerous benefits for both our physical and mental health. Exercise can help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. It also improves cardiovascular health, muscle strength, and flexibility.In addition to its physical benefits, exercise has a positive impact on mental health. Regular physical activity can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, improve sleep quality, and increase overallwell-being. It can also enhance cognitive function and memory.While the benefits of exercise are well-documented, many people struggle to incorporate it into their daily routine. Lack of time, lack of motivation, and the belief that exercise has to be intense or time-consuming are common barriers. However, even small amounts of physical activity, such as a 30-minute walk or a short workout, can have significant health benefits.In conclusion, exercise is an essential component of a healthy lifestyle. It offers numerous physical and mental health benefits and can be easily integrated into our daily routines. Making exercise a priority can lead to a happier, healthier life.Questions:31. What is the main purpose of the passage?A) To encourage people to start exercising. B) To discuss the benefitsof exercise.C) To explain the science behind exercise. D) To provide a workout plan for readers.32. According to the passage, what are some of the physical benefits of exercise?A) Improved cardiovascular health, muscle strength, and flexibility.B) Increased risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity.C) Decreased mental health and cognitive function.D) Poor sleep quality and increased anxiety.33. How does exercise affect mental health?A) It worsens symptoms of depression and anxiety.B) It improves sleep quality and overall well-being.C) It decreases cognitive function and memory.D) It leads to increased stress and anxiety.34. What are some common barriers to exercise mentioned in the passage?A) Lack of time, lack of motivation, and the belief that exercise has to be intense or time-consuming.B) Overeating and lack of sleep.C) Financial constraints and lack of access to fitness facilities.D) Stress and work-related issues.35. What is the author's recommendation for incorporating exercise into daily life?A) To start with intense workouts and gradually increase intensity.B) To find a workout plan that fits into your schedule and preferences.C) To avoid exercise altogether if you are not motivated.D) To rely solely on physical activity for weight loss.Section C (10 points)Read the following passage and answer the questions below it.The concept of sustainability has gained significant attention in recent years, particularly in the context of environmental protection and resource management. Sustainability refers to the ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This concept is applicable to various aspects of life, including economics, society, and the environment.In the realm of environmental sustainability, one of the most pressing issues is climate change. The Earth's climate is changing due to human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels. This has led torising temperatures, extreme weather events, and rising sea levels. To address these challenges, it is essential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition to renewable energy sources.Social sustainability is also a crucial aspect of overall sustainability. It involves ensuring that everyone has access to basic needs such as food, water, and healthcare. This includes promoting social justice, reducing inequality, and fostering a sense of community.Economic sustainability focuses on creating a balance between economic growth and environmental protection. This can be achieved through sustainable practices in industries, such as reducing waste, using renewable resources, and promoting circular economy principles.In conclusion, sustainability is a multifaceted concept that requires a holistic approach. By addressing environmental, social, and economic sustainability, we can create a better future for ourselves and future generations.Questions:36. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The causes and effects of climate change. B) The importance of sustainability in various aspects of life.C) The role of renewable energy in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. D) The challenges of promoting social justice and reducing inequality.37. According to the passage, what is the definition of sustainability?A) The ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.B) The practice of using resources efficiently and responsibly.C) The pursuit of economic growth without regard for environmental or social consequences.D) The elimination of human activities that contribute to climate change.38. What is one of the main issues related to environmental sustainability mentioned in the passage?A) Overpopulation. B) Resource depletion. C) Climate change. D) Water scarcity.39. How does the passage define social sustainability?A) The ability to provide basic needs to everyone in society.B) The promotion of social justice and reducing inequality.C) The protection of cultural heritage and traditions.D) The implementation of policies that promote economic growth.40. What is the author's perspective on creating a sustainable future?A) It is impossible to achieve sustainability without sacrificing economic growth.B) Sustainability requires a holistic approach that addresses environmental, social, and economic aspects.C) The focus should be solely on environmental protection and conservation.D) It is the responsibility of individuals to make sustainable choices in their daily lives.。

牛津高中英语模块一,电子课本篇一：牛津高中英语模块一unit1-school life电子版篇二：译林牛津高中英语模块一Unit_1_教材答案译林牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1 教材答案Language practicePart A1 (Page 86)1 enjoyable3 challenging 5 fun 7 exciting2 experience 4 e-mail6 satisfaction 8 encouragementPart A2 (Page 86)1 with 3 like5 on7 at2 to at4 to6 for about 8 on onPart B1 (Page 87)1 making preparations for2 inform…of3 such as4 are required to5 in charge of6 make good use of7 looked back on 8 much more thanPart B2 (Page 87)1 a 他被认为是美国最优秀的电视节目主持人之一。

b 我们很高兴地得知他已应邀下个月来我们城市主持一场晚会。

2 a 我们要等上几天，等待学校批准我们今年春季在校园里多植树的计划。

b 布朗夫人不赞成在公共场所吸烟。

3 a 我看不懂这机器的使用说明。

你能给我演示一下如何操作这台机器吗?b 每天有三个班次的公共汽车开往城里，因此你可以乘公共汽车去那儿。

c 孩子们在雪地里奔跑和玩耍着。

4 a 他向我收取了100元修电脑的费用。

b 你可以向她询问更多细节，因为她是这个项目的负责人。

Part C1 (Page 88)2 4 5 6 7 9Part C2 (Page 88)1 This is the school where/in which I studied five years ago·2 In this school there are about 30 foreign students who/that have come to study Chinese．3 These students whose parents have come to China for business like the school very much.4 The teaching building that/which was put up last year looks nice.5 The man who is standing in front of the school library is the headmaster.6 Next to him stands a girl whose name is Tina.7 Tina is the student who won a prize in the writing competition.8 Tina likes reading the novels which/that were written by Charles Dickens·9 Tina is the host of the school’s radio club that/which was started two years ago．10 Students like the school news(that/which)the radio club broadcasts．Part D1 (Page 89)1 exciting 3 achieving5 selected7 attend2 prepare 4 clubs 6 Literature 8 experiencePart D2 (Page 89)1 I think the best way to protect the environment is to plant more trees．2 Going to the park for a picnic at the weekend sounds like a good idea．3 When I look back on my childhood，I still think of itas the happiest time in my life．4 The girl who used to be a model is now a famous actress．5 Talk to her more，and you will find that she isn’t as bad as you thought she was．6 As it was getting dark，I decided to find a place to stay．7 Students who make good use of their time usually achieve high scores．8 Though it is difficult to improve your cooking skills in such a short time，you should still keeppractising．ReadingPart A (Page 90)1 It will help them feel like part of a group and also it will make the school’s sports teams feelencouraged．2 To gain knowledge．3 Because they are comfortable and do not need special care．4 He thinks that they look very boring．5 No．He thinks that students could wear theirfavourite clothes at home or at the weekendPart B (Page 91)1 Yes，they do．2 Because she can help students choose a good college，and she is good at helping nervousstudents relax．3 Because students do not study the same subjects．4 They might go to school early because they want to use the Internet service，and they mightstay late because of after—school activities．5 Yes，she does．Because after-school activities are great fun and they might also help her getinto a good college．ListeningParts A and B (Page 92)I:1 fifteen2 English Maths 3 basketballDad：1 letters2 practice book 3 computerAustralian students：1 Maths Science 2 friendly tallPart C (Page 92)1 English 3 practice book 5 tall2 Maths4 basketball6 letters 7 friendly 8computerWritingPart B (Page 93)Dear MickeyI came to see you but you happened to be out．I'd like to invite you to visit me at my school whenyou have time．Here’s how to get to my dormitory．When you get to the school gate，you’ll see the playground in front of you with the gym on the left and three classroom buildings on the right．Go towards the gym．Then，walk along the roadbetween the playground and the gym．Go straight，past the library and the teachers office，untilyou reach a small river．Take a right turn to get to the bridge．After you cross the bridge，you’ll seethree buildings ahead．The one in the middle iS our canteen．The two buildings on either side ofthe canteen are the dormitories．The one on the left is Dorm 1．That’s where I live．See you soonAndyReadingA 1 She thought it was a very enjoyable and exciting experience.2 English, History, English Literature, Computer Science, Maths, Science, PE, Art, Cookingand French.3 ManchesterC1 1 F 2 T 3 T 4 F 5 F 6 FC2 1 They should devote themselves to study.2 Because there were different students in some classes.3 Because all the homework was in English.4 The teachers gave her much encouragement.5 She used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in thelibrray.6 They like to eat dessert at the end of dinner.D1 d 2 g 3 a 4 e 5 b 6 c7 fE (1) experienced(2) fond(3) Literature(4) dessert(5) struggle (6) respect (7) encouragementWord powerB If you are standing at the door of the dormitories, first turn right and go past the medicalcentre and the gym. Then turn right and walk past the Science Laboratory. Then turn left, andClassroom 4 is on your right.C (1) car park (2) classrooms (3) library (4) labs(5) gym(6) swimming pool(7) dormitories (8) medical centre(9) canteenDGrammar and usageParagraph 1 most helpful students; the relative pronoun, that, used as the object in the clause)In 2004, he went to Oxford University (Theantecedent: Oxford University; the relative adverb: where, used as the adverbial in the clause.Paragraph 2Nanjing. (The antecedent: some of the cities; the relative pronoun: which, used as the object in the clause)Most of the students have become his friends. (The antecedent: most of thestudents; the relative pronoun: whom, used as the object in the clause)Paragraph 3 antecedent: gifts; the relative pronoun:that, used as the object in the clause)The painting are being shown in the exhibition room. (Theantecedent: the paintings; the relative pronoun; that, used as the object in the clause)Answers(1) who(2) which(3) who (4) whom/who(5) which(6) which(7) whose(8) whom/whoB 2 who/that are from different countries3 that/which I like best4 who/that teaches us English5 that/which are very interesting6 whose name is Sally/who is called Sally7 that/which is quiet and comfortableTask:Answers:1 A2 B3 A4 C5 CAnswers:(1) 3 p.m. (2) Scientist(3) Room 306, Building 4(4) Famous football players (5) 25 Oct (6) FriAnswers:The rise of the Dynasties, written by Prof Gu Yahui本文由52求学网论坛微光整理篇三：牛津高中英语模块1课文翻译牛津高中英语模块1课文翻译M1 U1 Reading School life in the UK 在英国的学校生活Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. 在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。

五年（2019-2023）中考1年模拟英语真题分项汇编（通用）（原卷版）专题07 阅读理解之新闻报道五年中考真题（2023·山东聊城·统考中考真题）Xie Xiaohua is a special education teacher. She has won the hearts of hundreds of children and is called Mum Xiaohua by many of them.“It is my greatest happiness to care for them,” said 49-year-old Xie. She has been working at Yiyuan County Special Education School in Zibo, Shandong Province for 27 years.Xie knows the difference between special education and general education. She takes care of each student according to their physical conditions. And she also helps them with learning and their daily life. She used to help carry a student to restrooms, the dining hall, classrooms and the dormitory for nine years until the student graduated（毕业）from the school.In 2003, the school set up a rehabilitation（康复）centre and Xie worked harder. To make sure every child received the best training, she made special plans for them. Then she began to teach them patiently the basic skills of taking care of themselves. She also spent lots of time training the children with hearing and speech problems. That often made her throat ache.2015, the school started offering door-to-door education to students with physical problems. Besides Xie, there are over 30 teachers teaching and helping those students. The teachers have walked over 60, 000 kilometres over the past seven years because many students live in mountain villages.“Although we feel tired sometimes, we feel our work is valuable after seeing the students’ progress, even just a little bit,” Xie said.1．Xie Xiaohua began to work at the school at the age of ________.A．22B．27C．29D．492．What does Paragraph 3（第3段）mainly tell us?A．What Xie knows.B．How long Xie helped carry the student.C．How Xie takes care of the students.D．What the students’ physical conditions are.3．Xie probably ________ first to help them receive the best training.A．made some plans for the childrenB．taught the children the basic skillsC．set up a rehabilitation centre for the childrenD．trained the children with hearing and speech problems4．Which of the following is true?A．Xie said the teachers always felt tired.B．Xie thinks their work is useful and important.C．Each teacher has walked over 60,000 kilometres.D．The school offered door-to-door education to all the students.5．What is the best title（题目）for the passage?A．Special students B．A famous schoolC．Mountain villages D．Mum Xiaohua6．Ya Ya is ________ years old this year.A．23B．15C．20D．8 7．It’s the ________ time that Liaoning team has won the CBA championship.A．first B．second C．third D．fourth 8．The third news is mainly about ________.A．why people in Zibo are warm-hearted B．why Zibo has become popular C．what the barbecue is like in Zibo D．how Zibo invited college students 9．The fourth news wants to tell the readers ________.A．AI education is added to all the textbooks in ZhejiangB．there has already been 1, 000 AI schools in WenzhouC．you can’t find a good job without AI knowledgeD．AI education will be more and more important in the future10．Where does this passage probably come from?A．A story book.B．A comedy book.C．A play.D．A newspaper.（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）China has a long history of over 5,000 years. What can stand for (代表)11．In Tom’s eyes, ________ can stand for China.A．the Great Wall B．porcelain C．chopsticks D．dumplings12．China is called “the nation of porcelain” because porcelain was ________ in China.A．painted B．bought C．invented D．liked13．It is ________ for Grace to learn to use chopsticks.A．relaxing B．interesting C．meaningful D．impossible14．It was a wonderful experience for Joe to ________.A．return to England B．buy porcelainC．make dumplings D．use chopsticks15．The passage may come from a ________.A．storybook B．textbook C．magazine D．newspaper16．Who was invited in Remorse at Death as direct?A．Ping Yali.B．Fei Mu.C．Mei Lanfang.D．Yan Heming.17．How many medals did Chinese athletes win in the 7th Paralympic Games?A．12B．14C．22D．1018．What do the three events have in common?A．They all set world records.B．They all happened in June.C．They all took place in Jiuquan.D．They are all about technology.（2023·四川内江·统考中考真题）The Spring Festival holiday runs from Jan. 21 to 27 this year. Influencedholiday.He Rui spent the first day of the Spring Festival holiday at home. He went to the ski resort (滑雪胜地) in hiscity early on the second day and was ready to start the Year of the Rabbit on his snowboard.Since he started skiing two years ago, the 11-year-old has gotten used to getting up early and practicing skiing.“People used to stay at home during the Spring Festival holiday. But as our society pays more attention to healthy lifestyle, more people want to spend their holiday skiing,” said Chang Yulin, director of a ski resort. “We hold colorful activities here so that visitors can both enjoy skiing and have a special Spring Festival holiday,” said Ren Xiaoqiang, manager of the resort.For Qiao Jian, a ski lover from Shanxi, skiing has become his new habit to celebrate the Spring Festival. He has flown to Heilongjiang Province (省) and Hebei Province, because there’s more ice and snow.“Besides taking part in winter sports, we can visit nearby places to experience more local culture,” Qiao said.The number of snow and ice travelers in China is expected to reach more than 300 million in winter. The number is expected to reach 520 million in three years. And the money from ice-and-snow tours will probably reach ¥720 billion.19．What does the underlined word “flower” in the first paragraph mean?A．Become popular.B．Grow slowly.C．Cost much money.D．Develop difficultly.20．When did He Rui go to the ski resort?A．On January 21.B．On January 22.C．On January 27.D．On January 28.21．Who has been to other provinces to enjoy skiing?A．He Rui.B．Qiao Jian.C．Chang Yulin.D．Ren Xiaoqiang.22．Where is this text probably from?A．A tour guide-book. B．An invitation letter. C．A short story.D．A news report.（2022·广东深圳·统考中考真题）At 9 o’clock on December 10th,2021, with the sound of a whistle(哨),train G2197 slowly ran out of Ganzhou West Station and headed south to Shenzhen North Station. This marked the opening of the Ganzhou-Shenzhen high-speed railway, which includes 14 stations, with a total length of 436 kilometers. The total travel time between the two cities has been cut from 6 hours to 2 hours.The building of the Ganshen high-speed railway was filled with challenges. As the railway travels through the mountainous areas of southern Jiangxi and northern Guangdong, workers had to be careful with many cultural landscapes(风景)and protection areas. When it was completed, 323 bridges and 157 tunnels( 隧道)were built, taking up 90% of the total length.By taking the new route, it is convenient for passengers to visit the beautiful places along the line. For example, you can walk into the Shenzhen Museum to review the city’s development, go to Heyuan to experience the amazing Wanlv Lake, or explore the ancient Tongtian Rock Caves in Ganzhou.Ganzhou is known as the”Orange Capital of the World” .With the high-speed railway’s operation, more travellers from Guangdong have arrived and Ganzhou oranges are getting more popular.“It used to take me six hours to drive home on Fridays, but now I can get home in time to pick up my child from school. What’s more, I can even drop him off at school on Monday mornings before I go to work,”said Chen Yu, a Ganzhou local who works in Shenzhen.Chen’s life is a typical one that has changed with the railway. More and more wonderful changes along the high-speed railway are taking place.23．How many hours can we save from Ganzhou to Shenzhen by G2197?A．2.B．4.C．6.D．8.24．What can we learn from paragraph 2?A．The tunnels cover 90 % of the railway.B．It was very difficult to build the railway.C．157 bridges were built along the railway.D．The railway passes through northern Jiangxi.25．What is the purpose of paragraph 3?A．To introduce places of interest.B．To share travelling experiences.C．To review the history of Ganzhou.D．To celebrate the success of Shenzhen.26．What do we know about Chen Yu?A．He is an orange farmer.B．He is a local in Shenzhen.C．His child lives in Ganzhou.D．His working place has changed.27．What kind of text is this?A．A short story.B．A travel diary.C．A train timetable.D．A news report.（2022·山东烟台·统考中考真题）The music band Coldplay is taking actions to protect the environment. This includes using their fans’ energy to help provide electricity for their performances. In this way, they use electricity without adding carbon gases (碳气体) to the air. The band hopes to cut the amount of CO2 given out by its business activities by 50 percent.The Coldplay stars have added special dance floors and energy-storing bicycles to their latest world tour performance. The purpose is to get fans to help produce electricity by dancing and riding. Each dance floor can support many people. It creates electricity when people move on it. Each of the bikes can create an average of 200 watts (瓦特) of electricity. In order to encourage fans to dance or ride more during the performance, they even have competitions to find out which group of fans can create the most electricity.“Being green is a good business model. That’s what we’d like to show,” said Coldplay lead singer Chris Martin. “The changes will bring a sense of belonging to the fans. Everything in our show is planned to bring everyone into the same group, singing together. It makes us feel part of a community.”Coldplay has taken other steps to protect the environment. One of its tour stages (舞台) uses recycled steel. The band also hopes to set up the world’s first tour battery (电池) system, made from 40 recycled electric car batteries. The hope is to power the whole show with batteries.“It’s very expensive to try these things for the first time,” said Martin, “but we are very happy that we are changing.”Coldplay is just one music group working to help the environment. Some other famous bands are also taking such steps.28．What does Coldplay use their fans’ energy to do?A．To create 200 watts of electricity.B．To provide power for their shows.C．To cut their business activities by 50%.D．To make their performances wonderful.29．What does the underlined word “It” in the second paragraph refer to (指代)?A．The floor.B．The band.C．The stage.D．The bicycle.30．How does Coldplay encourage fans to dance and ride more?A．By helping them to buy bicycles.B．By living in the same community.C．By traveling around the world with them.D．By having electricity-creating competitions. 31．Which ways are introduced to protect the environment in the passage?①Riding energy-storing bicycles. ①Driving or taking electric cars.①Recycling electric car batteries. ①Building stages with recycled steel.A．①①①B．①①①C．①①①D．①①①（2021·河北·统考中考真题）10-year-old Mike is being interviewed on TV about his own cooking.Mike, when did you start cooking?When I was four, I became interested in cooking. I started helping my mum in the kitchen when I was five. At the age of six, I could make vegetable salad. One year later, I could make a fruit pie all by myself.What’s the best way to get good at cooking?I don’t go to cooking classes. Sometimes I watch videos on the phone. I often read books about coking actually. I think the best way to improve my cooking is trying it again and again. If it is no good, I’ll do it differently next time.What do your parents think of your cooking?They’re glad that they don’t have to make dinner every day, and they enjoy my cooking-usually! But, you can’t make everyone happy all the time.Finally, what’s it like being on TV?It’s interesting. In fact, I really enjoy myself making the shows. They’re watched by millions, but I still find itstrange when people I don’t know say hello to me in the street.32．When could Mike make a fruit pie all by himself?A．At the age of four.B．At the age of five.C．At the age of six.D．At the age of seven.33．What does Mike think is the best way to improve his cooking?A．To learn by practicing.B．To read books about cooking.C．To go to cooking classes.D．To watch videos on the phone.34．Why does Mike say “you can’t make everyone happy all the time”?A．His parents don’t like him to make shows.B．His parents don’t always like his cooking.C．His parents make him cook meals for everyone.D．His parents find it strange that he’s interviewed.（2020·内蒙古·统考中考真题）Last week, some German parents who took their kids out of school early were stopped by the police at the airport. The police were making reports on students who didn't have permission (许可) to miss school.Like many places, it is against the law to skip (不参加) school in Germany. Children over the age of 9 can't miss classes without permission from the school. But during busy travel time, some parents take their children out of school early to save money on vacations. People can often save a lot of money on flights and hotels by going at a different time than others.Last weekend was the beginning of an important holiday period in Germany. People in charge of the schools asked the police to check and make sure that students weren't leaving for vacations before they were allowed to.Police officers at three German airports looked for families with school-aged children. When they found them, the police pulled the families out of lines to talk with them. They wanted to find out if the parents had permission for the children to be out of school. If the children did not have permission, the police reported the families to their schools and to the government. In all, the police reported about 20 families.These families will have two weeks to show that it was okay for their children to miss school. If they can't, they may have to pay as much as $1,200 as a fine (罚款), or receive some other punishment.Germany is not the only place where parents have to pay fines if their children miss school. Many other countries and many of the states in the U.S. have similar laws.The good news is that the families were allowed to go on vacation after they talked to the police. But they might have a big bill waiting for them when they get back.35．Why do some German parents take their children out of school early during busy travel times?A．They can spend more time with their children.B．Their children will study by themselves.C．They want to save money.D．Their children can take online courses.36．In Paragraph 4, police officers at three German airports wanted to ______.A．find students who skipped school without permissionB．give punishment to the students thereC．take students back to schoolD．wait for school managers37．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．Laws on Vacations in Germany B．Give Your Family a Perfect VacationC．Don't Skip School in Germany D．Punishment Goes to Families38．Where does this text probably come from?A．A newspaper.B．A science report.C．A travel guide.D．A textbook.39．Where can we probably read these materials?A．In a novel.B．In a poster.C．In a storybook.D．On a news website. 40．Why did Beijing open its first bicycle-only road?A．To allow other vehicles to enter the road.B．To control the speed of other vehicles.C．To reduce traffic between Huilongguan and Shangdi.D．To reduce traffic throughout Beijing. 41．Which place did Peng Liyuan communicate with foreign students?A．Shanghai.B．The Great Hall of the People.C．Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport.D．The National Exhibition.42．When did the 37th China Sport Show end?A．On May 23.B．On May 26.C．On May 30.D．On May 31.43．How long is the road with the highest speed of no more than 15km per hour?A．6.5 kilometers.B．15 kilometers.C．6 meters.D．37 kilometers.一年模拟新题（2023·福建福州·福建省福州屏东中学校考二模）Wood-block printing, dyeing and making thread-binding notebooks, students from different universities in Egypt（埃及）took part in a cultural exchange activity to experience China’s traditional crafts （工艺）. The activity called “China in Classic Books” was held on Sept.14 between the young people of Egypt and China’s Shandong Province through video link.Adham Ehab, a student in the Chinese department at Cairo University, made the thread-binding notebooks in the same way that it’s traditionally made in Shandong. “Such activities make us know more about the Chinese culture and love the Chinese language more.” the Egyptian student said.Jiao Xinyue, a Chinese teacher at Cairo University who also teaches at the Confucius Institute of Cairo University, said that the increasing Chinese economic power and the growing cooperation between China and Egypt provide more opportunities for students to learn Chinese. “The number of students in the Chinese language at Cairo University is on the every year.” she added.ECU vice-president Rasha El-Kholy said that, “The event aims at connecting the Egyptian and the Chinese culture through learning about some traditional Chinese ways of printing and handicrafts. Connecting ancient civilizations can push us forward towards a future of innovation, research and development.” he added.Gianna Xu, the head of the Chinese Bridge Club in Cairo, said “the cultural exchange between the youths of the two countries will deepen the friendship among future generations, hoping that such cultural activities will nourish（滋养）the tree of friendship and cooperation between China and Egypt.”44．What can we know from the first paragraph?①when was the activity①what rules should be followed①what was the activity about①what was the influence of the activity①how was the activity held①how many people took part in the activity.A．①①①B．①①①C．①①①D．①①①45．Which picture can best show the result of what Adham Ehab did?A．B．C．D．46．Which word can be put in the ________?A．rise B．risk C．road D．ground47．From which point of view is the passage told?A．The first person.B．The second person.C．The third person.D．No point of view.48．What is the theme （主题）of this passage?A．Nature.B．Education.C．Culture.D．Fashion.（2023·安徽安庆·安庆市第二中学校考三模）When millions of graduates were busy finding a job, 23-year-old Yu Yanqia, graduating from Kunming Medical University, had already made her decision to serve as a local medical worker in her hometown—Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture（自治州）in Yunnan Province.Back in 2007, when Y u was a little girl, the Nujiang River separated her hometown from the outside world. Like other people living there, the 8-year-old girl had to use a steel cable（钢索）to cross the river to get to school every day. “I could feel the wind, hear the running water below me and feel my quick heartbeat,” Yu said when recalling the experience of hanging over the river.Later, the first bridge was built over the Nujiang River with many people’s help. From then on, Yu and her classmates no longer had to risk their lives just to get to school. “It was like a light, lighting up the dark road in my life, which drove me to study harder,” Yu said. “In the past, I met so many people who gave me lots of help. Without their help, I would not be who I am now. I’m really grateful to them,” Yu said. “At the time I became a college student, I decided to give back by working in my hometown. I want to make it better and better.”49．What can we know from Paragraph 1?A．Yu’s plan.B．Yu’s family.C．Yu’s problem.D．Yu’s classmates.50．What do Yu’s words in Paragraph 2 show?A．How she loves her hometown.B．How great the Nujiang River is.C．How poor her hometown used to be.D．How difficult it was for her to go to school.51．What does the underlined word “grateful” in the last paragraph mean?A．惭愧的B．有信心的C．感激的D．有影响的52．What’s the purpose of the passage?A．To show the importance of education.B．To tell the story of the steel cable girl.C．To ask readers to visit the Nujiang River.D．To explain how hard Yu’s life used to be.（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆八中校考二模）Companies at the World Internet Exhibition(展览) in East China are showing their newest technologies, but what’s been special this year is the worry of companies in dealing with Internet security(安全) challenges. Chen Tong has the story.Chen Tong: At the World Internet Exhibition this year, you can use “deepfake” technology to make your favorite pop star’s face show the same expression as yours on the screen. This technology is not new, and it’s already been used in many areas, such as cartoon products. But tech company QI-ANXIN is showing this product here to draw attention to another topic: data(数据) privacy and protection.Hong Weifei (Security Expert, QI-ANXIN Technology Group): Because of the development of the technology, there has been an increase in the number of people using it for fraud. They may steal our information from the internet and use it to pretend(假装) to be us. They can even use our information to take our money or buy things without our permission. We want people to know that protecting personal information is important.Chen Tong: The exhibition is all about Internet safety, and some high-tech(高科技) companies are providing solutions. Ant Group introduced their solution called Morse Station for the first time. It can protect user data while business partners are sharing it online.He Yuyao (Senior Product Manager, Ant Chain, Ant Group): If a company needs to keep their data safe and they work in finance(经济) or healthcare, they can trust us and use Morse Station to help.Chen Tong: From 5G to Internet solutions, more than 300 companies from different countries are showing their new technologies at the exhibition. And these technologies are expected to make the Internet industry grow faster and safer.53．What do OI-ANXIN Technology Group and Ant Group have in common?A．They both work on protecting personal information.B．They both help to catch people who steal personal information.C．They both told us to trust them in protecting our personal information.D．They both showed their products at the exhibition for the first time.54．The underlined word “fraud” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_______”.A．经商B．慈善C．教育D．诈骗55．We can infer from the passage that _______.A．the “deepfake” is fun and has a warning effect.B．Morse Station can help protect use data.C．pop stars are invited to the exhibition to receive visitors.D．we can give others our personal data online freely in the future.56．What might be the role of Chen Tong in this passage?A．The organizer of the exhibition.B．An Internet security expert.C．A staff from a technology company.D．A reporter at the exhibition.（2023·江西吉安·统考三模）On November 21, a special soccer match was held in Doha, the capital of Qatar. This was not the 2022 World Cup, but a friendly match between Chinese youth players and Qatari youth players.The match was supported by a famous company. With its help, the 11 Chinese teenagers played matches, watched World Cup matches and participated in more football-related activities in Qatar from Nov. 19 to 23.“Football is the most popular sport in the world. We hope Chinese youth love football and grow up healthily,” said Lu Minfang, chairman of the company. To achieve this goal, he has also organized soccer training camps and donated 10,000 balls and some training equipment to schools.How did these youth players feel? Because these teenagers worked as student journalists for Teen 21, they shared their experiences in Qatar with its readers.What impressed (留下深刻印象) Chinese captain Huang Junyu most was their fierce (激烈的) match with Qatari youth players. They trailed (落后) by three goals in the first half. But in the second half, Huang Bo scored a hat-trick—three goals in a row—to end the game in a draw. “Qatar is good at attacking, but we have the spirit of never giving up,” Huang said after the match.The 11 Chinese players include three girls. Wu Tong is one of them. She played for 50 minutes in the friendly match. She said, “It’s great that girls and boys can play together. Although we girls may be weaker physically, we are good observers and we have calm minds.”Though not as important as the 2022 World Cup, what they did promoted culture exchange between the two nations. Chinese teenagers brought Cuju to the game. The young players from both sides changed into traditional Chinese Cuju costume and experienced the traditional Chinese football culture together. “We could do a lot of fancy moves in Cuju. Both sides had a great time,” said Zhang Lu of China.57．Where can we read the passage?A．In a story book.B．In a guide book.C．In a science report.D．In a sports magazine.58．What does the underlined word “its” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．A famous company.B．A special soccer match.C．The 2022 World Cup.D．A soccer training camps.59．What do the underlined words “in a draw” mean in Paragraph 5?A．In a hurry.B．In a way.C．In a moment.D．In a tie.60．Match the names with the information and choose the right answer.① Lu Minfang① Huang Junyu① Huang Bo① Wu Tonga. The person organized soccer training camps.b. The person played for 50 minutes in the friendly match.c. The person scored three goals in a row to end the game in a draw.d. The person was impressed most by the match.A．①-a, ①-d, ①-c, ①-b B．①-a, ①-c, ①-b, ①-dC．①-d, ①-a, ①-c, ①-b D．①-d, ①-c, ①-b, ①-a61．What can we get from the passage?A．On November 21, a special soccer match was held in Beijing.B．Eleven Chinese players, including two girls, took part in the event.C．Lu Minfang also worked as a student journalist, sharing his experiences.D．Chinese teenagers also brought Cuju to the game and played with Qatari youth players together.（2023·江西吉安·统考三模）Tonga is an island nation in the South Pacific Ocean. On January 14th, 2022, an underwater volcano erupted near Tonga.The volcano is located off the coast of Tonga. It first began to erupt on Friday. Even though the volcano was underwater, it sent a column of gas, ash, and stones 20 kilometers into the sky.Saturday’s eruption was far larger. It’s believed to be the largest in over 20 years. The eruption caused a loud “sonic boom”, which could be heard even in Alaska, 10,000 kilometers away. The eruption caused a 5.8 magnitude earthquake, as well as tsunami (海啸) waves that traveled far and wide.In Japan, Chile and Australia, people moved away from low-lying areas along the coast. The waves sunk boats in New Zealand and caused two deaths in Peru.The event knocked out Internet services in the area. Like most island nations, Tonga gets its Internet through a cable that runs deep under the sea. The reports of injuries and deaths in Tonga related to the eruption couldn’t be known in time because of problems with communication.In the following days, the smoke and ash from the volcano covered much of Tonga. ________ That was the biggest danger which might last for a long time.New Zealand and Australia sent teams to Tonga to help out. Some of the teams used airplanes to get a better idea of the damage across the island nation. But at that time, the large cloud of ash high above Tonga was making it impossible to get a good picture of what was happening in the area from high in the air. The United States and the World Health Organization also sent help to Tonga.62．Which is the right order of the following events?a. People in Alaska heard a loud “sonic boom”.。

新世纪大学英语综合教程第二版第一册教程Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook OneUnit One: College LifePart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇ Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions.1. You may have imagined what college life would be like before you became a college student. Has it turned out to be what you expected? Provide examples in support of your answers.2. Whenever you think about college life, what are some of the things that come to mind? Following the examples given, make a list of such things in the following table. Share your answers with your group members and comment on each of the items you have listed as you go along.3. How do you like your college life so far? Give examples.4. What do you think is the most important thing to achieve at college? Explain.▇ Answers for reference:1. Possible positive comments on college life may include the following:academic atmosphere, good student accommodations, modern facilities for teaching and research, qualified professors, nice classmates, etc.Possible negative comments on college life may include the following:hard to get adjusted to the new environment, academic pressure, homesickness, problems in interpersonal relationships, poor food, etc.2.3. Possible examples are: carefree and colorful life, academic environment, friendship, a door leading to the outside world, etc.However, college life may also be boring for some students, because most of their time is spenton study, and they are far away from home, etc.4. Possible answers are: academic excellence, developing communicative skills and interpersonal relationshipsSection B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about education and see if you accept the ideas expressed in the quotes.Ralph Waldo Emerson⊙The things taught in schools and colleges are not an education, but the means to aneducation.— Ralph Waldo Emerson Interpretation:We don’t go to school or college to learn, but to seek the way to learn.About R. W. Emerson (1803–1882): R. W. Emerson,a US poet and writer who had great influence on the religious and philosophical thought of his time.W. B. Yeats⊙Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.— W. B. Yeats Interpretation:Instead of stuffing students with knowledge, real education aims at bringing out what is inside students and cultivating their potential.About W. B. Yeats (1865–1939): W. B. Yeats, an Irish writer of poems and plays, whose early work is often based on old Irish stories. He is considered one of the most important Irish writers, and he won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923.Galileo⊙You cannot teach a man anything; you can only help him find it within himself.—GalileoInterpretation:Teaching doesn’t really help anyone, but it helps a person find out what he/she is good at.About Galileo (1564–1642): Galileo, an Italian astronomer, mathematician, and physicist whose many discoveries had a great influence on modern science. He discovered mountains and craters (月球表面的环形山) on the surface of the Moon, and his study of the changes in the appearance of Venus (金星) proved that it was moving around the Sun. He also discovered that if you drop objects of different weights from a high place, they fall at the same speed. He was punished by the inquisition (宗教法庭) because he believed that the Sun, not the Earth, was the centre of the universe.Section C Watching and Discussion▇Watch the following video clip “How to Select Your College major” and do the tasks that follow:插入视频片段：“How to Select.wmv”1.Fill in the missing words according to what you hear from the video clip.Hi, this is Laura Turner, and today I’m going to talk to you about how to select your college major. I would like to tell you that if you select something that you love and that you’re passionate about, everything’s going to be fine and you’re going to get a great job with your degree, but of course this is not completely true. However, when you’re going to college, your primary reason for going to college is to educate yourself, which means to make yourself a better person both intellectually, spiritually, mentally, all of these things.2.Discuss the topic with your group members:What are the recommended concerns in selecting a college major according to the video clip?And how did you choose your current major?▇Answers for reference:According to the video clip, the main concerns should be: first, to choose something you really enjoy; second, to choose something your school is well known for.Script:Hi, this is Laura Turner, and today I’m going to talk to you about how to select your college major. I would like to tell you that if you select something that you love and thatyou’re passionate about, everything’s going to be fine and you’re going to g et a great job with your degree, but of course this is not completely true. However, when you’re going to college, your primary reason for going to college is to educate yourself, which means tomake yourself a better person both intellectually, spiritually, mentally, all of these things. So, whenever you choose your major, I would say yes, do choose something that you enjoy,because really if you are just in it to get a degree that will get you a high-paying job andyou’re not really passionate about this and you want to be an Engineering Major justbecause you know that’s going to make you into a high earning person, that may be thewrong reason to study it because you’re going to get overwhelmed over time because adegree takes, it’s four years out of your life that you’re going to be studying this thing. There has to be something beyond money, and beyond the job that’s going to keep you interested.So I would suggest picking something that you love as well as, hopefully, it will besomething that will get you a job. Also, my other point is, pick something that your school is well known for, something in your school, the major in your school that actually has really great professors to teach you. If you have a great English Department, if you have a greatH istory Department, and you’re passionate about those things, study with professors whoare great and they can help turn a little bit of interest in a subject matter into a lifelong love of it. So good luck with choosing your major wisely.Part II Listen and RespondSection A Word BankSection B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas1. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences according to the information contained in the listening passage.1)In this monologue the speaker mainly talks about ________.A)stories about college lifeB)the life of college freshmenC)carefree life of college studentsD)differences between college and high school2)According to the speaker, the freshman experience will ________.A)enable students to find true friendshipB)leave a deep impression on every studentC)decide what a student can do in the futureD)teach students the importance of responsibility▇Key:1) B) 2) C)2. Read the following statements and decide whether each of them is true or false based on the information contained in the listening passage. Write T for True and F for False in the space given before each statement.1)________ Freshman experience is an unforgettable experience to college students.2)________Students will feel just as comfortable in their first year at college as in their previousyears when they were in high school or back at home.3)________ Students are able to find very good friends at college.4)________ Learning to be responsible for oneself at college is very important.5)________ Freshmen should not be concerned with their future careers.▆Key:1)T2) F3)T4)T5) FSection C Task Two: Zooming in on the DetailsListen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard. 1)The freshman year at college is, generally speaking, a time filled with _____________, someanxiety, and _________________________________.2)The workload will be ______________ and the major challenges of college work are a largeamount of ___________________ and the short ______________.3)College Friendship will be among the _____________________________ and_______________________ of one’s life. It’s always exciting to discover how________________________________ college relationships can be.4)Students should remember that they are at college with an _____________________: theyshouldn’t waste time on ___________________________.5)Going to college is not just to get a degree: it is to find out ___________________ and____________________________________.▇Answers for reference:1)The freshman year at college is, generally speaking, a time filled with anticipation, someanxiety, and wonderful discoveries.2)The workload will be heavier and the major challenges of college work are a large amount ofreading and writing and the short deadlines.3)College friendship will be among the most satisfying and long-term of one’s life. It’s alwaysexciting to discover how wonderfully diverse college relationships can be.4)Students should remember that they are at college with an anticipated mission; theyshouldn’t waste time on meaningless things.5)Going to college is not just to get a degree; it is to find out who you are and what you areI am now a fourth-year student at college, but I can never forget my freshman year here. In general, it is a time filled with anticipation, some anxiety, and wonderful discoveries.College is a lot different from high school. Your freshman experience will definitely make an impression on you. So, what can you expect as you head off into the wonderful world of higher education?The first thing you’ll notice is the workload. It will be heavier than you ever experienced before. The major challenges of college work are the large amount of reading and writing, and the short deadlines. A related effect that can be brought on by the workload is doubt, frustration, and possibly loneliness. You’ll be away from the comforts and friendships your home provided for you over the previous years.During the freshman year, you’ll be making a lot of new friends. But you should continue to be yourself. Select your friends with the same care and patience you have always shown. Believe it or not, your college friendships will be among the most satisfying and long-term of your life. It’s always exciting to discover how wonderfully diverse college relationships can be.You’ll also be on your own —you’ll be your own boss 24 hours a day, so to speak. But, remember, with freedom comes responsibility. You should always remember that you are at college with an anticipated mission. Don’t waste your time on meaningless things.During the freshman year, you may even start thinking about your future. Maybe a certain professor is especially inspiring. Perhaps your school has some great research going on. If some area of study attracts you, find out all you can about it. It might be the beginning of your lifetime career. Going to college is not just to get a degree — it is to find out who you really are and what you are really made for.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1. Write down the main idea of the following paragraphs in the space provided.1)Para 2: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.2)Para 3: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.3)Para 4: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.4)Para 5: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.5)Para 6: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.▆Answers for reference:1)Para 2: Top students attain academic excellence by mastering a few basic principles thatothers can easily learn.2)Para 3: Top students learn to be organized.3)Para 4: Top students know how to schedule their time properly.4)Para 5: Top students are very serious about school and very active in class.5)Para 6: Students benefit from group study.Exercise 2: Read the following statements and then decide whether each of them is true or false based on the information in the text. Write T for True and F for False in the space provided before each statement.1)______ Being bright does not necessarily make one a straight-A student.2)______ A top student knows how to balance between what is more important and whatis lessimportant.3)______ One student thinks that learning a new word while brushing his teeth helps himlearn thenew word best.4)______ A messy student may waste a lot of time.5)______ Professors may concentrate more on the neatness of an assignment than on itscontent.6)______ Students benefit more from group study than from individual study.7)______ Pressure from parents is good for students.▆Answers for reference:1)T2)T3) F The student does so in order to save time.4)T5) F The student who turns in neat work is a step closer to a high score.6)T7)F Encouragement rather than pressure from parents helps students a lot.Exercise 3:Summarize the basic principles that top students master and apply in their studying and put them down in the space provided.▆Answers for reference:Section B In-depth StudyWorking towards academic excellence constitutes one of the most important parts of college life and is the goal of most college students. Straight-A students, in this respect, can be of great help by sharing their secrets in achieving academic excellence. Read the following text to find out what some of these secrets are.Secrets of Straight-A Students1 A professor of education who has conducted major studies of super-achieving students revealed that top grades do not always go to the brightest students. According to him, other education experts and top students themselves, it is far more important for a student to know how to make the most of his or her innate abilities.2 The students at the top of the class attain academic excellence by mastering a fewbasic principles that others can easily learn.To begin with, top students know how to set their priorities right. Study time is never compromised for phone calls, television programmes or snacks.In other words, it is always placed above recreation. In addition, top students make a point of studying anywhere or everywhere. A top student who is also a top athlete memorises biology terms as he works out every day. Another student learns a new word every morning while brushing his teeth. Among all the students interviewed, every one agreed that study times are strictly a matter of personal preference. Some thrive at night when all is silent. Others prefer to study as soon as they come home from school when the lessons are fresh in their minds. However, all agreed that consistency is a main factor if one is to perform well at all times.3 A student must also learn to be organised. For example, a top student who is actively involved in his school band, track and field, rugby association and debate team disclosed that he keeps his things in their proper places because he simply cannot afford time-wasting searches. Another student immediately files the day’s notes in colour-coded folders so that they are available for review nearing examination time. Another technique advocated by top students is to read effectively. This includes speed-reading, improving one’s memory or retention ability, and actively asking questions that will lead to a full understanding of the author’s message.4 It is also important for students to know how to schedule their time. They must know how to pace each assignment or project according to their daily timetable and work ability so that they might not be overwhelmed by the tasks at hand. Being able to set timetables not only allows students more time to review and polish their work, it also prevents them from procrastinating. Top students believe that a secret of their success is the taking down of good notes during lessons and using them for revision. One student revealed that she writes notes from the text on one side of her notebook and those from her teachers’ lectures on the other side. This allows her to review both aspects of each lesson at once. The student also revealed that instead of wasting time whispering to friends and getting ready to rush out of the class just before the bell rings, she uses those few minutes to jot down a two or three-sentence summary of the lesson’s principal points. She then scans the notes to refresh her memory before the next day’s class.5 Another winning formula which teachers promote lies in a student’s ability to hand in neat work. According to one professor, the student who turns in neat work is already on the way to scoring an A.In the classroom context, it is equally important for students to speak up and ask questions. This is perhaps the best way for a student to clarify any doubts. Classroom participation also demonstrates a student’s intellectual curiosity. As a student concisely puts it, “Better grades come from better understanding.”6 The value of studying together was demonstrated in an experiment conducted at one top university. The study revealed that students who discussed homework and problems together, tried different approaches and explained their solutions to one another scored higher than those who laboured on their own. The experiment also illuminated the value of hypothetical tests conducted among the students and on their own. This means that students frame tentative test questions based on their notes and give each other or themselves written examinations the day before a test. Experts confirmed that students who devise possible test questions often find many of the same questions during the real examination and thus score higher.7 Another technique employed by top students is to do more than the assigned homework.A student revealed that if her teacher gives five problems, she will undertake ten. In the student’s words, “Part of learning is practising. The more you practise, the more you learn.” Last but not least, all experts and top students agree that the most important “secret” of super-achievers lies in the crucial contribution by parents. From infancy, super-achievers were taught the importance of learning by their parents. The latter set high standards for their children and held them to those standards. They encouraged their children in their studies but did not undertake the work for them. Instead of pressuring their children, these parents were always loving, gentle and took pains to explain and motivate. They impressed the lessons of responsibility on their children, andthe children delivered.（此课文没有更新，不需要配图说明。

考研英文作文会议纪要英文回答：Minutes of the Graduate English Writing Workshop。

Date: March 8, 2023。

Time: 10:00 AM 12:00 PM。

Location: Virtual Meeting Room。

Attendees:Dr. Smith, Professor of English。

Graduate students:John Doe。

Jane Smith。

Michael Jones。

Maria Garcia。

Agenda Items:1. Introduction and Welcome。

2. Discussion of Essay Writing Strategies。

3. Review of Common Essay Structures。

4. Practice Writing Task。

5. Q&A and Discussion。

Minutes:1. Introduction and Welcome。

Dr. Smith opened the meeting by welcoming attendees andproviding a brief overview of the workshop's purpose and goals. The workshop aimed to equip graduate students with the skills and knowledge necessary to excel in academic English writing, particularly in the context of their graduate coursework and research.2. Discussion of Essay Writing Strategies。

六级试卷2021年12月试卷一、写作（15%）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay related to the short passage given below. In your essay, you are to comment on the phenomenon described in the passage and suggest measures to address the issue. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.With the development of technology, more and more people are addicted to their mobile phones. They use their mobile phones everywhere, such as on the bus, at the dinner table, and even while walking on the street. This has led to some negative impacts on people's lives, relationships, and health.二、听力理解（35%）Section A.Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Conversation One.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) He is a fitness coach.B) He is a trading adviser.C) He is a tourist guide.D) He is a career consultant.2. A) He manages his time well.B) He has a lot of determination.C) He has a strong will.D) He is very hard - working.3. A) It is not as difficult as expected.B) It is more time - consuming than people think.C) It is much more difficult than people imagine.D) It is as easy as people say.4. A) They can make people become more patient.B) They can help people to better plan their lives.C) They can make people become more confident.D) They can help people to develop good habits.Conversation Two.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) They are very generous in giving gifts.B) They refuse gifts when doing business.C) They regard gifts as a token of friendship.D) They give gifts only on special occasions.6. A) They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B) They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C) They have to follow some cultural rules.D) They pay attention to the quality of gifts.7. A) Gift - giving plays an important role in human relationships.B) We must be aware of cultural differences in gift - giving.C) We should learn how to give gifts properly in different situations.D) Reading extensively can make one a better gift - giver.8. A) It reflects the giver's thoughtfulness.B) It gives the recipient a sense of superiority.C) It is an easy way to please the recipient.D) It is the best way to show our gratitude.Section B.Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage One.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It is a Spanish - owned company.B) It is a French - owned company.C) It is a German - owned company.D) It is a British - owned company.10. A) To provide better services.B) To expand its market.C) To make more profits.D) To compete with other companies.11. A) They are very satisfied with its products.B) They are indifferent to its new products.C) They are not satisfied with its after - sales service.D) They are very critical of its marketing strategies.Passage Two.Questions 12 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) It is a waste of time.B) It is a good way to relax.C) It is a dangerous sport.D) It is an expensive hobby.13. A) They can meet new people.B) They can enjoy the fresh air.C) They can stay in shape.D) They can relieve stress.14. A) It is becoming more and more popular.B) It is not as popular as before.C) It is only popular among young people.D) It is only popular among old people.Section C.Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording One.Questions 15 to 17 are based on the recording you have just heard.15. A) How to analyze historical events.B) How to write a research paper.C) How to conduct historical research.D) How to choose a research topic.16. A) They should be based on sufficient evidence.B) They should be interesting to read.C) They should be easy to understand.D) They should be related to current events.17. A) By consulting relevant materials.B) By interviewing experts in the field.C) By making a lot of hypotheses.D) By doing field research.Recording Two.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the recording you have just heard.18. A) It is a kind of physical disorder.B) It is a kind of mental disorder.C) It is a combination of physical and mental disorders.D) It is not a disorder at all.19. A) It can be cured by taking medicine.B) It can be cured by psychotherapy.C) It can be cured by physical exercise.D) It is difficult to cure.20. A) People should pay more attention to their mental health.B) People should lead a balanced life.C) People should do more physical exercise.D) People should see a doctor immediately when they feel unwell. Recording Three.Questions 21 to 23 are based on the recording you have just heard.21. A) It has a long history.B) It is a very expensive product.C) It is a very popular product.D) It has a unique production process.22. A) It is made from a special kind of clay.B) It is made from a special kind of wood.C) It is made from a special kind of metal.D) It is made from a special kind of stone.23. A) It is very fragile.B) It is very durable.C) It is very heavy.D) It is very light.Recording Four.Questions 24 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.24. A) To improve their language skills.B) To learn about different cultures.C) To make more friends.D) To have a better future.25. A) They should be more confident.B) They should be more patient.C) They should be more open - minded.D) They should be more independent.三、阅读理解（35%）Section A.Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. Youare required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the word bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in theword bank more than once.The idea of progress started to flower in the 17th century. At that time, many wise thinkers believed that man liberated by reason would riseto ever greater heights of achievement. The many expressions of humannature would be 1) _unfolded_ through rational enquiry. Knowledge wouldgrow and human institutions would adapt, 2) _resulting_ in continuous progress. The Enlightenment thinkers saw that 3) _mankind_ had a long wayto go, but they were certain of the direction in which society was 4)_heading_.Today, the concept of progress still holds great 5) _appeal_, but the evidence is mixed. There has been significant material progress in the last century. But social progress has been more 6) _elusive_. If the idea of progress is to have any meaning at all, it must have a 7) _human_ dimension. This means that progress should be measured not only in terms of economic growth but also in terms of the quality of life of all people.The 8) _current_ situation is that economic growth has not always led to an improvement in the quality of life. In some cases, economic growth has been 9) _accompanied_ by a decline in the quality of life. For example, increased pollution and traffic congestion are often the 10) _by -products_ of economic growth.Word Bank:A) appeal.B) accompanied.C) current.D) elusive.E) heading.F) human.G) mankind.H) resulting.I) unfolded.Section B.Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The End of the Book?A) Amazon, by far the largest bookseller in the country, reported on May 19 that it is now selling more books in its electronic Kindle format than in the old paper - and - ink format. That is remarkable, considering that the Kindle has only been around for four years. E - books now account for 14 percent of all book sales in the country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales.B) Does this spell the doom of the physical book? Certainly not immediately, and perhaps not at all. What it does mean is that the book business will go through a transformation in the next decade or so more profound than any it has seen since Gutenberg introduced printing from movable type in the 1450s.C) Physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace. Mass market paperbacks, which have been declining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as will hardbacks for mysteries, thrillers, "genre" fiction, etc. Such books are a commodity, and as the market becomes more competitive, only the cheapest production methods will be viable.D) But I think the death of the physical book is greatly exaggerated. There are several reasons for this. First, as I have already noted, e - books are still a relatively small part of the overall book market. Second, the tactile experience of a book - the feel of the paper, the smell of the ink - is something that many people still enjoy. Third, there are certain types of books - art books, coffee - table books, children's picture books - that are much better in a physical format.E) For publishers, the shift to e - books is both a threat and an opportunity. On the one hand, they face the loss of revenue from the decline in physical book sales. On the other hand, they have the opportunity to reach a much wider audience with e - books. Publishers arealso starting to experiment with new business models, such as subscription services for e - books.F) For authors, the impact of e - books is also mixed. On the one hand, they may receive less money per book sold in e - book format than in physical format. On the other hand, they may reach a much larger audience with e - books, which could lead to more overall sales. And some authors are starting to experiment with new forms of writing, such as interactive e - books.G) The future of the book is likely to be a hybrid of physical and digital. There will be physical books for those who prefer them, and e - books for those who prefer digital. And there will be new forms of books that combine the best of both worlds, such as enhanced e - books that include video and audio elements.H) The key question is how quickly this transition will occur. It could be a relatively slow process, over the next decade or two. Or it could be a much more rapid process, depending on a variety of factors, such as the rate of technological innovation, the price of e - readers, and the availability of e - books.I) In any case, the end of the physical book is not nigh. There will always be a place for physical books in our lives, whether it be for the aesthetic experience, the sentimental value, or simply because some books are better in physical form.1. Amazon reported that e - book sales are increasing faster than overall book sales. (A)2. The shift to e - books offers publishers both threats and opportunities. (E)3. There are certain types of books that are better in physical format.(D)4. The future of the book is likely to be a combination of physical and digital. (G)5. The tactile experience of a book is something that many people still enjoy. (D)6. E - books now account for 14 percent of all book sales in the country. (A)7. For authors, the impact of e - books is also a mixture of positive and negative. (F)8. Physical books will become rarer in the marketplace. (C)9. The end of the physical book is not near. (I)10. The speed of the transition to e - books depends on various factors.(H)Section C.Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a singleline through the centre.Passage One.The rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments in human history, comparable in impact to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph. Over two billion people worldwide nowhave access to vastly more information than ever before, and can communicate with each other instantly, regardless of location. These capabilities have led to a new wave of innovation, entrepreneurship, and social change.However, the Internet has also created new problems. One of the most significant is the spread of false information. With the ease of creating and sharing content on the Internet, false stories, rumors, and misinformation can spread like wildfire. This can have serious consequences, such as influencing elections, causing public panic, and undermining scientific research.Another problem is the issue of privacy. As people share more and more personal information online, they are at risk of having that information stolen or misused. Hackers can break into personal accounts, companies can collect and sell personal data without permission, and governments can use surveillance techniques to monitor their citizens.To address these problems, several measures can be taken. First, individuals need to be more educated about the Internet and how to use it safely. They should be aware of the sources of information they consume,and be cautious about sharing personal information. Second, technology companies need to take more responsibility for the content on their platforms. They can develop algorithms to detect and remove false information, and implement stronger privacy policies. Third, governments need to regulate the Internet more effectively. They can pass laws toprotect privacy, punish those who spread false information, and ensure that the Internet remains a free and open space.1. The Internet is compared to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph because _.A) it has transformed human history.B) it has made information easily accessible.C) it has led to a new wave of innovation.D) it has made communication instant.2. The spread of false information on the Internet can _.A) influence elections.B) promote scientific research.C) encourage entrepreneurship.D) prevent social change.3. What is the problem with privacy on the Internet?A) People are too cautious about sharing personal information.B) Hackers can't break into personal accounts.C) Companies can't collect personal data.D) People's personal information may be misused.4. To address the problems of the Internet, individuals should _.A) develop algorithms to detect false information.B) be more aware of the sources of information.C) pass laws to protect privacy.D) implement stronger privacy policies.5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A) The Internet: A Double - Edged Sword.B) The Internet: A Boon to Innovation.C) The Internet: A Threat to Privacy.D) The Internet: A Source of False Information.Passage Two.In the United States, a person can take credit for (把…归于) another person's accomplishment if he or she has a certain relationship with that person. For example, a husband can take credit for his wife's success in business if he has been supportive of her throughout her career. Or a father can take credit for his son's academic achievements if he has provided the necessary resources and guidance.However, this practice can also lead to problems. One problem is that it can be unfair to the person who actually accomplished the task. If someone else takes credit for their work, they may not receive the recognition they deserve. Another problem is that it can create a false sense of entitlement. People who take credit for others' work may start to believe that they are entitled to the rewards and benefits associated with that work, even though they did not actually do the work.。

一、完形填空文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。

文章介绍了威廉·汤姆森的生平，并重点讲述了他在科学和实际应用方面所取得的成就。

1. William ThomsonWilliam Thomson was born on 26 June, 1824 in Belfast. He was taught by his father, a professor of mathematics. In 1832, the family moved to Glasgow where Thomson attended university at the age of 10, then studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow, a post he _____for more than 50 years.In Glasgow, Thomson _____the first physics laboratory in Britain. He was a pioneer in many different _____, particularly electromagnetism (电磁学) and thermodynamics (热力学). _____Faraday(法拉第), he was responsible for the introduction of the_____of an electromagnetic field where Thomson developed the work of the _____of the subject, Nicolas Carnot and James Joule. One of the most _____results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature — the scale based on this is named _____him.Throughout his work Thomson’s main goal was the practical use of science. He achieved _____through his work on submarine telegraphy, a major practical problem of the day. He was _____as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866,for which he was knighted in 1866. His _____in marine issues also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and _____a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his house in Glasgow was the first to be _____by electric light.Thomson was raised to the noblemen with the _____of Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892. The Kelvin was a small river that flowed near Glasgow University and he was president of the royal Society from 1890 to 1895. He died on 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Scotland and was _____in Westminster Abbey.1.A．sought B．confirmed C．admired D．held2.A．took up B．broke up C．set up D．blew up3.A．fields B．countries C．labs D．colleges4.A．In spite of B．Except for C．Together with D．Regardless of5.A．command B．condition C．contract D．concept6.A．learners B．pioneers C．competitors D．leaders7.A．important B．obvious C．fortunate D．positive8.A．for B．with C．after D．on9.A．wealth B．fame C．contribution D．enthusiasm10.A．considered B．attracted C．employed D．accused11.A．hobby B．desire C．success D．interest12.A．operate B．invent C．control D．produce13.A．lit B．built C．decorated D．equipped14.A．title B．name C．honor D．award15.A．preserved B．respected C．admitted D．buried二、阅读选择(阅读理解)文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍的是袁隆平的生平和主要成就。

第17卷第5期2006年5月光电子#激光Journal of O p toelectronics#LaserV o l.17N o.5M ay2006半径约束最小二乘圆拟合方法及其误差分析*y刘珂**,周富强,张广军(北京航空航天大学仪器科学与光电工程学院,北京100083)摘要:针对基于线结构光视觉检测类圆工件三维测量中的光条圆弧特征数据所占整圆比例偏小,提出了基于半径约束最小二乘圆拟合方法。

详细地分析了样本特征数据噪声对圆心定位精度的影响,并进行了仿真实验。

实验结果表明,在光条圆弧特征数据所占整圆比例偏小的条件下,半径约束最小二乘圆拟合方法可以有效地提高圆中心定位精度。

关键词:最小二乘法;半径约束;圆拟合;线结构光;误差分析中图分类号:T P391文献标识码:A文章编号:1005-0086(2006)05-0604-04Radius C onstraint Leas-t square Circle Fitting Method and Error AnalysisLIU Ke**,ZH OU Fu-qiang,ZH ANG Guang-jun(School of Instrument Science&O pt oelectr onics Eng ineer ing,Beijing U niv ersity of A ero nautics and A s-t ronautics,Beijing100083,China)Abstract:In the process of3-D measurement of the workpiece in shape of arc with struc-tu red light vision sensor,feature data of the stru ctu red light arc is inadequ ate compared with the whole circle,which results in the location of the circle centre bein g of low prec-i sion.Leas-t squares method based on radius constraint is proposed in the paper to solve the problem.Influence of the noise in sample data the on the locating of circle centre is ana-lyzed in detail,and simulated experimen ts are implem ented.Results of experiments show that under the circumstan ces that featu re data of the structured light arc is inadequate com-pared with the whole circle,the method proposed above can improve the accuracy of circle fitting efficiently.Key words:leas-t squares m ethod;radius constrai ned;li ne structured li ght;anal ysis of error1引言各种零部件定位圆孔几何中心的定位精度对零部件的成功安装以及物体的整体定位,有着重要的意义。

Advances in Historical Studies2013. Vol.2, No.1, 17-18Published Online March 2013 in SciRes (/journal/ahs) DOI:10.4236/ahs.2013.21005 Review Ph.D. Thesis: Psyco-Education Factors ofApplying Visualisation in Science Education.Šiauliai University, Lithuania*Raffaele Pisano1,21Sciences, Sociétés, Cultures dans leurs Evolutions, University of Lille 1, Lille, France2Research Center for Theory and History of Science, University of West Bohemia, Plzen, Czech RepublicReceived December 23rd, 2012; revised January 26th, 2013; accepted February 8th, 2013This paper presents a review of a Ph.D. Thesis by Renata Bilbokaitė, Natural Science Education ResearchCentre, Šiauliai University, Lithuania.Keywords: History of Science and Science Education; Science and Society; Economy; I.T.On the AuthorRenata Bilbokaitė, already busy with research as junior worker at the Natural Science Education Research Centre at Šiauliai University, defends her Ph.D. Thesis at the same Uni-versity in November 2012: Psycho-Educational Factors of Applying Visualisation in Science Education. Language: Li- thuanian/English. Research supervisor: Prof. Dr. Vincentas La- manauskas (Šiauliai University, Lithuania). The location of the defense is the Academic Council of Education Studies of Ši-auliai University. The committee is composed of a distinguish- ed and international members and opponents. Her doctoral studies involved 2009-2012 period. She prepared and published over 100 scientific articles in scientific journals, and presented over 80 works in international as well as national scientific and practical conferences, giving lectures for teachers, in the sphere of science education particularly focusing on applying visuali-sation in science education, management & quality in the higher education, image of pedagogues.On the General Description and Topicality The thesis is organized by an Introduction and three main chapters. 1) Visualisation in science education: psycho-educa- tional context concerning a state of art on the main objects and interactions of cognitive and socio-educational aspects; 2) Empiric psycho-educational factors of applying visualisation in science education on Epistemic-Exploratory-Diagnostic-Veri- fication methodologies and related results; 3) Psycho-educa- tional model of applying visualisation within science education, the nucleus of the thesis on this new modelling approach in science education studies. Passionate and interesting Discussion and Conclusions included Recommendations for different kind of readers and an international and updated list of References close the volume of this notable doctoral research under an excellent and proficient supervision. A CD-Rom is annexed, too. The results of the dissertation research are illustrated by 72 figures and 31 tables.The author has performed good orientation and wide educa-tional and scientific knowledge of different parts of theory of science education considered in the thesis: epistemic analyses, analytical approach, and experimental approach included anal-ysis of data.The topic of thesis is contemporary and relevant in the con-text of up-to-date research in the sphere of science education, science and society. Particularly, a useful relevance of the Ph.D. thesis is[...] is supposed by the complex assimilation of knowl-edge in Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Geography and Ma- thematics in comprehensive schools, which is affected by many factors, linked with conditions of the information representation within educational reality (p. 9).The Introduction focus on the role played by the contempo-rary society, its transformations and technological progress related to science education and ITC.The chapter one is mainly focused on Application of aids in lessons of past, present and future and aspects of learning- genders (9 paragraphs).The chapter two ascribes on Attention and memory within structures of mental models’ formation and related motivations within the educational contexts (7 paragraphs).The chapter three is dedicated to study the methodology and results applied to epistemic and exploratory procedures of visu-alization in science education. It is composed of Discussion, Conclusions and Recommendations.On the Aims, Methods and BenefitsThe aims and methods are performed in the Introduction as well as the hypothesis and methods of the research. Thanks to the using of different fonts and structure of the text is proper and helps the reader to better orientation in the text.One of the greatest problems within the reality of the science education is the inappropriate understanding of conceptions, phenomenon, topics and other elements of the content. Learners*Short review.In the running text of this paper some quotations are cited. The pages refers her Ph.D. thesis.R. PISANOunderstand conceptions individually, constructing the own epis-temic (p. 10).Based on the well-declared Researches Hypothese s the main objective is psycho-educational factors of applying visualisa-tion in science education. Particularly it “[…] is to analyse psycho-educational factors of applying visualisation during lessons of Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Geography and Mathe- matics in 9 - 10 forms, reasons for their heterogeneity, and the model of named factors.” (p. 13). The author deeply precise the role played by theoretical and empirical sub-objectives con-cerning “[…] characteristics of visualisation within ontology of the image […]” (p. 14), and “[…] verify results of researches with empirical substantiation of attitude of Subjects of science education—teachers and students—towards reasons, affecting the higher need for externalised visual representations and their effect on heterogeneous groups of learners under aspects of gender and form.” (Ivi). On that account an original schema of research methodology (p. 17) is originally proposed by the author.The Ph.D. thesis ascribes two main methods: theoretical and empirical-practical. A data collection for exploring opinion of populations, e.g., “[...] Philosophical and social ontological aspect of the discourse of visualisation is revealed by analysing the meaning of externalised visual representations on aspects of postmodernism, globalisation, synergetics and innovations by supplementing with ontological importance for knowledge and information societies” is proposed (p. 18). The empirical-prac- tical method mainly concerns “[...] benefits of applying visu-alisation in science education on psycho-educational aspect were gained during the empirically based theoretical discourse analysis” (p. 19).From a methodological and pedagogical-scientific point of view I am also mostly appreciative of the clarity and precision of the exposition constantly paid attention both contents and understanding both for specialists and scientific and manage-ment readers, both Lithuanian and Western European scholars. On the Results and Author’s Recommendations The results and modelling presented by the author are crucial and the overall technical intensity of the thesis is significant and typically for a very much qualified Ph.D. thesis: Identifications of factors, Exploratory research, Diagnostic research, Verifi-cation of result s (Chapter 2, Section 2.2). “The Ph.D. thesis research results and the constructed model application of con-crete aids of visualisation should be verified during lessons by forming questions if the similar positive factors exist in differ-ent classes, groups of students with different skills as well as on heterogonous aspects of gender, learning needs, educational environments and activities.” (p. 32). Thus the results are very original and certainly considerable such as important classes of science education, history and science education items within an international panorama. In fact some modelling and outlines are already published in highly reputable conferences and jour-nals in science education and management & quality. Particularly, the Ph.D. thesis ascribes two main results: con-clusion within theoretical context and conclusions within em-pirical-practical context.When it come the former, according to the author visualisa-tion is indivisible from the image ontogenesis “[...] within the context of the psychological discourse, application of visualisa-tion could affect the management (stimulations) of cognitive processes of the Subject-together with the artefact of external multimodal and multidimensional externalised representations” (pp. 33-34).When it come the empirical-practical context: “[...] students in 9 - 10 forms experience learning difficulties in subjects of science education due to limitedness of activity of cognitive processes (perception, attention, memory and imagination)” [... and ...] attitude of teachers experts, it is identified that in disci-plines of science education, classical visualisation methods and ways, presenting educational information, dominate, the usage of which during the last five years had a tendency to decrease and as it is planned—it is about to decrease in future” (p. 35). The author close her results with a list of recommendations for different kind of readers: authors of manuals, software, managers of publishing houses, scientists and teachers (pp. 38-39 and correlated pages).ConclusionThe structure of thesis conforms to principles and requests to the structure of a scientific Ph.D. thesis. The author studied and used appropriate number of international references sources used and cited in the thesis. It is the largely evidence of the deep theoretical knowledge and extremely good orientation in the problem discussed in science education. The word process-ing of the thesis appears also adequate. The using of different fonts and structure of the text is proper and helps the reader to better orientation in the text. Thus the Ph.D. thesis is well writ-ten and swell organized, with a suitable Introduction to inter-esting contents-chapters and through international references to cited works.In my opinion, the author produced an urgent-emergency and a significant research and contribution of support for both sci-ence education readings, scientist-pedagogists and historians of science and natural science specialists.The thesis by Renata Bilbokaitė performed all the conditions for gaining the PhD. degree in Science Education. The volume composition makes for absorbing reading.。

外研版选择性必修第四册unit1--基础知识巩固+能力提升训练板块一--基础知识巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often_________(result) in the contrary to our intention.2．By the time you have finished this book，your meal ________(get) cold.3．I’ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I ________(do)．4．Did you predict that many students ________(sign) up for the dance competition?5．In order to find the missing child，villagers ______(do) all they can over the past five hours. 6．This is the first time we _______(see) a film in the cinema together as a family.7．I __________(be) here for 3 years by next month.8．At this time tomorrow，I _________lie) on the beach.9．The first time I saw him，he __________(fight) with a big boy.10．—I hear you worked very late yesterday.—Yes，it _________(be) completely dark by the time I left the office.11．We are powerless______ the face of such forces.12．The translation does not quite correspond_______ the original.13．_______ is no good sleeping with all the windows closed.14．Their old house had been large and spacious；_______contrast，the new London flat seemed cramped(窄) and dark.15．In those days Hollywood was like a magnet，drawing ________(ambition) young men and women from all over the world.16．The greatest strength of her plan is that it’s so cheap _________(compare) to the others. 17．How they long________(have) a chance to get a sight of their native land!18．Those cards seemed like so many little flags _______(dot) about the classroom. 19．Learning to give first-aid ______(be) an important part of a flight attendant’s training. 20．_______ graduating from college，he was sent to the west.1. results2. will get3. am doing4. would sign5. have been doing6.have seen7.will have been8.will be lying9. was fighting 10. had been 11. in 12.to/with 13. It 14. by/in 15.ambitious 16. compared 17. to have 18. dotted 19. is 20. On/UponⅡ. 语法填空At the beginning，written Chinese was a picture-based language.It dates back several thousand years 1. the use of animal bones and shells on which symbols 2. (carve) byancient Chinese people.Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi.By the Shang Dynasty，these symbols 3. (become) a well-developed writing system.Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically，4. (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters.This,5. ，changed under the rule of Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty.Emperor Qinshihuang made the seven major states into one 6. (unite) country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.That writing system was of great 7. (important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture.Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate 8. (easy) in writing.Written Chinese has also become an important means by 9. China’s present is connected with its past.People in modern times can read the classic 10. (work) which were written by Chinese in ancient times.The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form，known as Chinese calligraphy，which has become an important part of Chinese culture.1．to2．were carved3．had become4．leading5．however6．united7．importance8．easily9．which10．worksⅢ.句子翻译11.在不久的将来你就会成为一名教师。

2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood.You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.【参考范文】On June 14, Friday, a volunteer activity where many students took an active part in visiting the local Nursing House was organized by the Student Union and it turns out to be a big success.The activity was aimed at encouraging students to visit the elderly at the Nursing House and help elderly people deal with their troubles both physical and psychological. Many students volunteered to participate in this good deed and were engaged in helping the elderly here out by making their meals, washing their clothes and chatting with them. When asked about those volunteers’feelings about such an experience, all of them responded with a smile, saying “what awonderful practice and I really appreciate this experience, for it makes me learn to care more for others in need.”All in all, the activity turns out to be a success not only for the visited elderly but for those students involved.【参考范文译文】6月14日，星期五，学生会组织了一个参观当地敬老院的志愿活动，许多学生都积极参与其中，该活动取得了巨大的成功。