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Listen this way听力教程第三册-8Unit 8 The Sound of MusicPart I Getting readyA quiz game show is a type of radio or television programming genre in which contestants, television personalities or celebrities, sometimes as part of a team, play a game which involves answering questions or solving puzzles usually for money and/or prizes.A The following words will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. panel：a group of specialists who give their advice or opinion about something2. contender：a person who takes part in a competition or tries to win something3. nomination：the act of suggesting or choosing somebody asa candidate in an election, or for a job or an award4. cinematography：the art or process of making films5. score：the music written for a film/movie or play6. audition：take part in a practical test for performing applicants7. choreography：the arranging or inventing of dances, especially ballet8. pantomime：traditional Christmas musical show for children9. scherzo：a short, lively piece of music, that is often part of a longer piece10. lyrics：the words of a songListen to the following radio quiz game. Who are those people on the panel? Supply the missing information.Now listen again. Put a mark beside each question. Put a tick if it is true. If it is false, put a cross. Finally write down who that person is.Audioscript::A - Announcer M - MaxineQ - Quizmaster L - LauraT-Tim D-David Radio Bristol. Ladies and gentlemen, it's time for "Alive or Dead?" our exciting quiz game about famous people alive or dead. Before I tell you the rules, let's meet our panel for tonight. From right to left we have that famous sportsman and racing driver, Tim Brown. T:. Evening everyone. Next to Tim, is that lovely star of the American cinema, who is now here in Bristol at the Opera House, Maxine Morgan. Hi there! Next we have novelist, David Walker. Good evening. And last but not least, composer and singer, Laura Dennison. Hello. So let's get with the game. I have the name of a famous person -- alive or dead -- in this envelope. The panel will try to guess who it is. But they can only ask questions which have a "yes" or "no" answer. Are we ready? Well, yes. Are you alive? No, I'm not. Now Maxine, let's have your question. You're not alive. So you are a famous person who is dead. Oh, I know. Are you a person in a book -- a fictional character -- somebody who isn't real? No, I'm not fictional. David, can we have your question? So you're a real, dead person? That's right, I am. Good, now we want to know where you come from. Are you British? No, I'm not British. Are you from Europe? No, I'm not. T: Are you Australian? No, Tim, I'm not. I'm not Australian. Oh, then I know, you're American. You're a real American person, butyou're dead. Now let me think. Ah, yes, are you a writer of any sort? No, I'm not. Are you anything to do with peace, you know someone like Martin Luther King? A good guess, Laura, but I'm nothing to do with peace. Well, that's a difficult one, really. I think the answer is half "Yes" and half "No". No, I'll say "No". T: Mm, funny, half "Yes", half "No", but finally "No". Well, well, are you famous as an entertainer of any sort, you know a film star, or pop singer, or an actor, you know what I mean? Ask one question at a time, Tim, please. The answer to your question is "No". I've got it, I've got the answer. I know, I'm right. Careful now, Maxine. Say the wrong answer and I win the game. Are you sure you know who I am? Yes, you're dead, you're famous, you're American, you are sort of famous for peace work. You're not an entertainer -- you're not an American film star. I don't think you were famous as a soldier. I think you were a politician, I think you died in 1963.1 think you were married to a very beautiful woman ... I think you are very close, Maxine. I think you are almost there. I think you once went to Berlin. I think you are President John Kennedy, President of the United States of America. And congratulations to you and the panel, Maxine. Yes, you are right, the name of the famous person in myenvelope is President Kennedy, born in 1917 and died in 1963, on November 22nd to be exact. Now for my next famous person ...Part II Slumdog Millionaire Slumdog Millionaire is a 2000 British drama film. Set and filmed in India, the film tells the story of Jamal Malik, a young man from the Juhu slums of Mumbai who appears on the Indian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and exceeds people's expectations, thereby arousing the suspicions of cheating. It was widely acclaimed, being praised for its plot, soundtrack and directing. It was nominated for 10 Academy Awards in 2009, winning eight, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay.A Listen to the first news report broadcasted when Slumdog Millionaire won 10 Academy Award nominations. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then complete the storyline of the movie.Audioscript:One of the strongest contenders for the Best Picture Oscar this year is Slumdog Millionaire.Set in Mumbai, India, it is a story about destiny. Jamal Malik, a young man from the slums, becomes a contestant on the Indian reality show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Based on its American equivalent, the Indian show offers 20 million rupees ($400 000) to the winner.Few expected this independent production directed by filmmaker Danny Boyle to make it to the Oscars. But Slumdog is no longer an underdog. It has won viewers' hearts and gained critical acclaim. With ten Academy Award nominations, it is a serious Oscar contender. (Movie) Host: Jamal Malik, you 're absolutely right!Jamal Malik is not knowledgeable. He just happens to know the answers to the specific questions he's been asked. Each question is somehow related to an event that has defined his life.With their mother dead, Jamal and his brother Salim begin to steal, trade and sleep wherever they can to survive.But the defining moment in Jamal's life is when an orphan girl named Latika tags along with them.Latika is taken by gangsters and Jamal will not rest until he sees her again.Years later, as a young adult, he finds her at a gangster's house. She is locked up, and her only pastime is the Indian TV show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Jamal gets on the show so she can watch him. (Movie) Two of the musketeers are called Athos and Porthos. What was the name of the third musketeer? Danny: I'd like to phone a friend. Host: Here we go. Latika: Hello.Latika answers the phone. When they were kids, she was the third musketeer. Jamal and Salim were Athos and Porthos. Director Danny Boyle's love story is influenced by Bollywood where everything is extreme.Like most Indian films, Slumdog Millionaire offers upall-consuming passion, tear-jerking drama and a happy ending. The film's dynamic music and vivid colors enhance the emotions. Its fairytale quality does not undermine Danny Boyle's gritty look at today's India, a country of extremes itself. (Movie) Danny: Latika.Slumdog Millionaire's exuberance is contagious. We leave the theater love-struck, exhilarated.And, as in Jamal's case, we can't help but root for the Oscar nominee regardless of the odds.Now listen to the second news report broadcasted on the day when Slumdog Millionaire finally earned 8 Oscars. After listening, match the awards with the corresponding names. Audioscript:Slumdog Millionaire was expected to win big. And, it did, earning Oscars for its cinematography, film editing, sound mixing, and bringing two of the golden statuettes to composer A. R. Rahman for his score and an original song.Steven Spielberg announced the top award of the evening. "And, the Oscar goes to Slumdog Millionaire, Christian Colson, producer."The man behind the movie, Danny Boyle, was named best director.Slumdog Millionaire was a collaboration between the British filmmaker, an Indian cast and crew and a Hollywood distributor. Backstage, Boyle said joint efforts like this will become more common."You know, there's all sorts of people gonna work there. These things are gonna come together. The world's shrinking a bit in a ... in a wonderful way and it will benefit from it because, in ... in culture, fusion is a wonderful thing."The film is set in the slums of Mumbai and features two professional actors with a cast of unknown youngsters from the Mumbai slums. Young cast members came to Hollywood for the Oscars.The story revolves around a teenager who hopes to win riches on a quiz show. Writer Simon Beaufoy, who won an Oscar for his adapted screenplay, says the story is appropriate in a recession."A film comes out that is ostensibly about being a millionaire, and actually what it's about is, it's a film that says there are more important things than money. There's love and faithand your family, and that struck a chord with people, I think, right now."Part III Karen Kain -- a Canadian ballerina The beautiful prima ballerina of the National Ballet of Canada, Karen Kain, was for five years the partner of Rudolph Nureyev and has danced most of the major classical ballet roles all over the world, since her debut in the demanding role of Odile/Odette in Swan Lake at the age of nineteen. She was born in Hamilton, Ontario, not far from Toronto, the home of the National Ballet of Canada. She and her husband now live in Cabbagetown, one of the oldest districts in central Toronto.In this section, you are going to hear an interview during which Karen Kain, a Canadian ballerina, talks about her work and how she first became interested in the ballet. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left column. After the second listening, answer the questions. Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the interview and then do the multiple choice.Audioscript:Well, I actually saw Celia Franka dance, and now she founded the National Ballet of Canada. And she was dancingin my hometown -- Giselle, and I was taken for my birthday, and I saw her dance, (I) fell in love with it, and I started taking ballet lessons, and then at one point ... I think it was around ten ... my teacher said that I should audition for the National Ballet School, which is a full-time academic and ballet training facility here in Toronto. It's one of (I)think it's the only one in North America. I mean, it's the same set-up as the Paris Opera, the Bolshoi, the Leningrad ... you know, that they have the school affiliated with the Company. And you take all your academic training as well as your dance training. So she told me that I should audition for that, and I did. And when I was eleven years old I went to the ballet school for seven years till I was eighteen, graduated from high school and I joined the National Ballet. Now you were married fairly recently, weren't you? It'll be three years next month, yes. Is touring and so forth hard on married life? I believe your husband's an actor, isn't he? Yes, he is. So you're probably both away quite a lot. We've been very fortunate. We've managed to stay together most of the time. The longest we were separated was when I was on tour with the National Ballet in Europe last spring, and I was gone for six weeks, and he was making a television series and hewas in Australia for six weeks. So we have been separated a few times, but most of the time we manage to be together. We've just been very fortunate. Throughout the year ... how much time do you have off away from the dance? Very little. I'm trying to make sure that I get one week in June this year, because I have not had more than two days free since a year ago January. So I've been working very very hard, and I feel that I really need one week free, you know. Tom Boyd: How long can a ballerina go on before she should start thinking of retiring? I hope that I have another ten years at the most to dance. Tom Boyd: What would you do after that? Would you leave the ballet completely or go into teaching, or choreography? I don't think choreography, I don't think I have any talent in ... you know ... I have no desire, no talent.I like to teach, I like to coach young dancers. I don't think I would leave the ballet world entirely, but I may try something else. You never know. I'm interested in other things and I have done some sorts of musical comedy work, and I've enjoyed it very much -- just to expand myself a little and to look around. And this Christmas again I'll be playing Cinderella in an English pantomime -- which is great fun for me. I really have fun and it's not serious dancing, you know,and I get to speak and act and everything. So I don't know.I would also like to have a family, so I have lots of things that I may do.Part IV More about the topic:Beethoven VBeethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers. His best known compositions include 9 symphnies, 5 concertos for piano, 32 piano sonatas, and 16 string quartets. The Symphony No. 5 in C minor was written in 1804 - 1808. It is one of the most frequently played symphonies.Listen to the recording. Learn to appreciate Beethoven's Fifth Symphony with the speakers. While listening, complete the following outline.Audioscript:"" The most famous four-note sequence in music, instantly recognizable to us today as Beethoven's Fifth and full of associations. Fate knocking at the door. "V" for victory. Buthow must it have sounded to that original audience? Beethoven presented it as pure music. No clue to its significance or meaning. Well, Beethoven, as a personality, was so tricky and so uncouth in so many ways, and had such a difficult, troubled childhood, that the adult that gave us some of these pieces was a man so often at odds with the world around him. Born in poverty in the German town of Bonn, he was bullied as a child by his alcoholic father and in his 20s realized he was going deaf, surely the crudest of tragedies for a musician. But Beethoven was a man with a will of iron, and, in the Fifth, he harnesses the power of the orchestra to an insistent propulsive rhythm, forcing the symphony to articulate the profoundest personal drama. Host: The story of a soul struggling against implacable fate and emerging incandescently victorious. One of the great contrasts available to a composer are the contrasts of darkness and lightness. And in his Fifth Symphony, builds up from hesitant darkness into the radiant blaze of optimism, confidence, whatever. Now he does this through the simplest of means. At the end of the third movement, which is the rather shadowy, dark scherzo, his plan is to burst us into the light without stopping. Now he does this by making the orchestra play asquietly as it can, all the strings just plucking very, very quietly. Then comes the heartbeat of the drum, very, very quiet and distant and the strings just moving up and down, uncertain about which way they're going to go. And then suddenly, very quickly, the whole orchestra comes in, and, without stopping, we burst into the final movement. This is in the major key. Lights full on, after lights hardly on at all. The symphony is a masterpiece of storytelling without words. When the French Revolution erupted, Beethoven was a teenager, struggling to support his family after the death of their mother, and the concept of individual liberty became a lifelong issue. And we, the listeners, are compelled to share his battle against fate. Although Beethoven wanted to write something that was comprehensible at first hearing, he wasn't writing simply to give pleasure. He wanted it to be a potentially life-changing experience, music that would resonate in the mind long after the last note had sounded.Part V Do you know ...?What is a musical? According to one definition, it is a stage, television or film production utilizing popular-style songs and dialogue to either tell a story and/or showcase thetalents of varied performers. Musicals are not just written -- they are collaborative creations that are put together piece by piece. Then what is the Broadway musical? When was it born?A Spot dictation. Listen to a passage about the birth of the Broadway musical. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear. Audioscript:Most scholars believe that The Black Crook in 1866 marked the beginning of the musical comedy, integrating music, dance and comedy, with an emphasis on beautiful women and spectacular scenery. But it was during World War One and after, that the musical developed as a uniquely American idiom.Song-and-dance man George M. Cohan exploited Americans' sense of patriotism, moving away from European influences. In the 1920s. songwriters who include Jerome Kern, George and Ira Gershwin, Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, brought the musical to maturity with their meticulous crafting of music and lyrics to create the American popular song.The modern musical was born in 1943 with Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma, which revolutionized the way dance,music and dialogue were used to develop the plot and characters. Other songwriters of the 1940s, 50s and 60s capitalized on that winning formula to write so many hit musicals, that that era is now referred to as "Broadway's Golden Age." Since then, American musicals have been translated and produced on stages all over the world. The music has become a mainstay among vocalists and jazz musicians, making clear the expression that the music of Broadway is truly "America's classic music."Foreigners call Americans Yankees. Southerners say that Yankees are Northerners. Northerners say that Yankees are from the New England states. People in New England say it is the Vermonters who are Yankees. Vermonters reply that a Yankee is just someone who eats pie for breakfast. It seems that the origin of this term defies detection.B1 Listen to the passage. Focus on what the word "Yankee" refers to at different times. Supply the missing information. B2 Now listen to the passage again. Complete the summary. Our question this week asks about the song Yankee Doodle. To explain, we must go back more than 200 years. The American colonies had not yet won independence from England. TheBritish used the word "Yankee" to describe colonists in the northeast part of America. That area was known as New England. After the War for Independence, the British used the word to mean all Americans. And during both World Wars American soldiers were known as Yankees or just Yanks.That was the song Yankee Doodle. History experts do not know exactly when it was written. Some research shows the date may have been during the 1750s. Many stories say a British army doctor wrote the song when England was fighting the French and the Indians in North America. There is little confirmation of these stories. We do know, however, that Yankee Doodle was sung by the British to make the colonial people of North America look foolish. And we know the song became popular among the colonists themselves. Many knew at least some of the words.The British continued to use the song to make Yankees look foolish until the early days of the War for Independence in the 1770s. Stories say, British soldiers marching out of the city of Boston stepped in time to the music of Yankee Doodle. Those same soldiers were defeated by colonial troops at thetown of Concord singing the same song. Since then, Yankee Doodle has been a song that represents the United States.Part VII Watch and enjoyMagic is a performing art that entertains audiences by staging tricks or creating illusions of seemingly impossible or supernatural feats using natural means. These feats are called magic tricks, effects, or illusions. A professional who performs such illusions is called a magician or an illusionist. Watch the video clip from the movie Illusionist. After watching, answer the following questions. Videoscript:Announcer：Life and death, space and time, fate and chance.These are the forces of the universe. Tonight, ladies and gentleman, I present to you a man who has unlocked these mysteries. From the furthest corners of the world where the dark arts still hold sway, he returns to us todemonstrate how nature's laws may be bent. I give you ...Eisenheim.Eisenheim：Might I borrow a handkerchief from someone? You, Madam. Thank you. Ah, be patient. Now, if you please, Iwould like to continue with an examination of time. From the moment we enter this life we are in the flow of it.We measure it and we mark it but we cannot defy it. We cannot even speed it up or slow it down. Or can we? Have we not each experienced a sensation that a beautiful moment seemed to pass too quickly? And wished that we could make it linger? Or felt time slow on a dull day and wished that we could speed things up a bit? I assure you, they're quite real. Audience: Is it real? Eisenheim： And you, Madam, where is your handkerchief?Audience: Bravo! Very good.。
Listen this way 听力教程第三册-4Unit 4 Have a Nice TripPart I Getting ready Audioscript: ★ Australia is the world's largest island and its smallest continent. Its total area of 3 000 000 square miles is about the same as that of the continental United States (excluding Alaska).★ The area of Nepal is about 54 000 square miles. Within its borders are five of the world's highest peaks.★ Switzerland is a small, landlocked country, 15 944 square miles in area. It's bordered by France, Austria, and Italy.★ More than 20 000 000 people live in Argentine. About 97 percent are of European stock. Most Argentines live on the eastern plains. Fewer than 19% live in the dry western and northwestern provinces. ★ Austria is 32 376 square miles in area. This makes it twice the size of neighboring Switzerland. There are about 7 150 000 people living in Austria. More than one third of the people live in or near Vienna, the capital city.★ Colombia is the only country in South America with a coastline on both sides of the continent. It is a big country with an area of 439 828 square miles and about 16 300 000 persons live in Colombia.★ Saudi Arabia's area is estimated to be about 830 000 square miles.Almost all of Saudi Arabia's 7 000 000 people are Arabs. Today Saudi Arabia's vast oil resources are paying for the modernization of the country. Conditions there are changing more rapidly than they have for centuries.★ Denmark proper has an area of only 16 575 square miles. It is the smallest of the Scandinavian countries -- Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. But Denmark's population of over 4 600 000 is greater than that of Norway and more than half that of Sweden.Part II CanadaAudioscript:Thank you for calling the Daily News Information line on Canada.Canada is a huge country, second in size only to the former Soviet Union. Yet it has only 26 million people, which is less than half the population of the United Kingdom. It extends from the Great Lakes in the south to the majestic Rocky Mountains in the west, and the bleak Arctic Islands in the far north. A third of the country is covered by forest and there are also vast grasslands and countless lakes and rivers.There are great variations in climate. Winters are extremely cold except in Vancouver which has a milder climate owing to its location on the west coast, so take a heavy overcoat and a fur hat. Canadiansummers are warm on the whole, especially inland, so you'll only need lightweight clothing.A quarter of all Canadians, mainly those living in the province of Quebec in the east, speak French as their first language. In addition, there are half a million American Indians, a million Germans and smaller numbers of Italians, Ukranians and Inuit. Canada has two official languages: English and French, except in the province of Quebec where French alone is the official language. You'll find English spoken virtually everywhere apart from Quebec and if you plan to visit Quebec City, you'll definitely need a French phrasebook if you don't speak French.Eating out is a pleasure in Canada and you'll find restaurants, coffee shops and snack bars to suit every pocket. Menus offer a wide choice with excellent seafood like Pacific salmon, lobsters and clams, meat dishes including moose steaks and beefsteaks, and also a range of ethnic foods. For the sweet course, the specialty/speciality is waffles, a kind of thick pancake, served with maple syrup. Beer is good but foreign wines, even those from neighboring America, tend to be quite dear and local wines are not particularly good.Canada has some of the world's most modern shopping centers. Clothes tend to be slightly expensive by European standards but thereare some bargains to be had. Good buys include moccasins, a kind of soft leather shoe made by Indians, woolen gloves and sweaters, wood carvings, leather goods and maple syrup, of course.The unit of currency is the Canadian dollar. Banking hours are from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Monday to Thursday and till later on Fridays.Have a good trip, and thank you for calling the information line. Part III Travelling around Australia Audioscript:Nancy: Oh, David, hi! You know, I've been meaning to talk to you. I'm planning a trip to Australia, and I wonder if you could give mesome advice.David: Sure! What... what do you want to know?Nancy: Well, I thought I'd start my trip in Sydney. What should I see there?David: Well, the most important thing to see, of course, is the harbor, which is the most beautiful in the world.Nancy: Oh, right. Do they have boat trips?David: Yeah, of course, they do. They have wonderful boat trips! The one ... the one that I recommend particularly is ... is a triparound Have a Nice Trip the harbor in an old sailing ship. Nancy: Oh, that sounds like lots of fun!David: Yeah. And, of course, then there's the Sydney Opera House, which ... which everyone knows about. And, uh, you can see ...see wonderful things there ... concerts and opera and theater. Nancy: Oh, I definitely want to go there! Now what about places to stay? Can you recommend some place inexpensive?David: Yeah, let me see ... Probably, of course, you know I don't stay in these places, but probably the most inexpensive placewould be ... would be a backpacker's hotel. There are lots ofthose.Nancy: OK, thanks. That sounds good. Uh, where should I go after Sydney?David: After Sydney, let's see ... I'd recommend that you travel up the coast to the Great Barrier Reef, which is in North Queensland. Nancy: Right. I've heard a lot about it! But what is there to do there?David: Well, you can go scuba diving and see the coral reef and the tropical fish up close ...Nancy: You know I don't like to get wet.David: Well, there ... there're always ... always these glass-bottom boats you can ... you can travel on. They're ... they're fabulous!Yeah, and, uh, there're ... there are literally hundreds of islandsyou can explore.Nancy: Wow! And are there places to stay?David: Yeah, sure. If you want to spend lots of money, you can stay at one of these fabulous resort hotels or, if you want to ... want todo it on the cheap, you can ... you can go to a guesthouse,which are much cheaper.Nancy: Right. That sounds good. Well, what next?David: Next, well, I guess you should ... should go inland to ... to Ayers Rock in Uluru National Park.Nancy: Ayers Rock? What is that? How do you spell it?David: It's ... it's Ayers Rock. It's ... it's spelled ... let's see, A-Y-E-R-S.It's the largest rock in the world! You must know about it!Nancy: No kidding! No, I've never heard of it! What do you do when you visit it?David: Well, it's mainly hiking and trekking. You can ... you can walk right round the base of it if you like. [Huh!] It takes about ...it's ... it's about five and a half miles, I guess, but [Wow!] it'sreally well worth it. And, uh, there are cave paintings in therock, and the colors of the rock ... at... at sunrise and sunset...are just fabulous!Nancy: Sounds like I should bring my camera!David: You sure should! Finally, let's see, I guess you should travel ...travel north to visit the Kakadu National Park.Nancy: Kakadu? How do you spell that?David: K-A-K-A-D-U. It's ... it's a tropical forest where you can go hiking and see all sorts of wildlife ...Nancy: Oh?David: Oh, and there are some beautiful waterfalls there as well. Nancy: And do they allow camping there?David: Yeah, there are lots and lots of campsites. The only thing is that you've got to watch out for the crocodiles!Nancy: Ugh! Well, David, thanks a lot! You've been a big help! David: No problem.Nancy: I can't wait to go!Statements:1. When David was in Sydney, he didn't stay there for night.2. The Great Barrier Reef is in South Queensland in Australia.3. From what Nancy says, one can know that she is fond of swimming.4. In Uluru National Park, Nancy can see the largest rock in the world.5. If Nancy likes to walk around the base of the rock, she has to walk about five miles.6. Nancy will bring her camera with her when she travels in Australia.7. There are no crocodiles in the tropical forest in Australia.Part IV More about the topic:The story of Denver Audioscript: :Denver is the largest city and the capital of the western state of Colorado. There's a marker on the step in the State Capitol Building.Standing there, you are exactly 1.6 kilometers above sea level, one mile high. Denver is known as "the-mile-high city", but it does not appear to be that high. This is because it is built almost completely on smooth flat land. Denver is the largest city of the Rocky Mountains. Many people believe it is actually in the Rocky Mountains. However, it is about 50 kilometers east of them.The city of Denver has a population of about 470 000 people. This makes it the 26th largest city in the United States. The area around Denver has more than 1 600 000 people. City officials are proud of the fact that Denver receives more than 300 days of sunshine a year. Storms moving east across the country lose much of their strength in the Rockies. So Denver gets only about 3 5 centimeters of rain and snow a year. The nearby mountains, however, get a lot more than that.Denver is the business and marketing center for all the Rocky Mountain area. It has more than 1 500 manufacturing companies. Food processing is the main manufacturing activity. Other factories make equipment for the defense, space, high technology and transportation industries. Gold production is also important. Denver is home to companies that control half the gold produced in the United States.The computer and communications industries have become increasingly important in recent years. Denver has the third highestnumber of high technology jobs in relation to the population. The area also has become a center for companies that do business in other countries. This is true throughout the western states. In fact, more jobs in the American west are linked to foreign trade than in any other part of the country.Tourism is also an important industry in Denver. For example, the Colorado History Museum shows the history of the native American Indians, gold miners and other people who moved to Colorado. The Denver Museum of Natural History shows Indian objects and examples of local wildlife. Many visitors to Colorado and the Rocky Mountains use Denver's new international airport, which opened in 1995. It was the first major new airport built in the United States in 21 years. It cost almost 5 000 million dollars. It is the largest airport in North America, almost 90 000 passengers land at Denver International Airport each day.There is a lot to see and do in Denver. The State Capitol Building is in the center of the city. The top is covered with more than 500 g of gold. On a clear day, a visitor to the Capitol can see for a distance of almost 250 kilometers. 87 years ago, city officials began to purchase land to make sure it would be protected from development. Today, the city owns 8 000 hectares. On this land, Denver has built the largest citypark system in the nation. Finally, there's Larama Square. It is a business area that is said to look like Denver of the early 1900s. Larama Square is filled with old buildings, gas lights and vehicles pulled by horses. It is a part of the new Denver that lives in the past.Part V Do you know ...? Audioscript:1.-- This country is an island, and it has a very small population,and most of the population live in the capital city.-- Is it a very dry country?-- Um -- no.-- Is it in the Caribbean?-- No, it isn't.-- Is it in the Pacific?-- No.-- Is it in Europe? (Uh, huh)-- Is it divided into two halves?-- No.-- Is it very popular for tourists?-- Not really, no.-- Is it in the Mediterranean?-- No.-- Is it in the Atlantic?-- Um, yes, I think so.-- It's not Iceland, is it?-- Yes.2.--This country is quite a large country. It has changed its capitalsince the Second World War, and it's famous for its jungles.-- Is it an African country?-- No, it isn't.-- Is it a South American country?-- Yes.-- Sorry, did you say it was large or small?-- Er, pretty large, (large)-- Does it have a newly built capital?-- Yes, it does.-- Brazil?-- Brazil. That's correct.3.-- This is a small country. It's mountainous and it has a smallpopulation.-- Is it in Europe?-- No.-- Is it in Asia?-- No.-- South America?-- No.-- Africa?-- No.-- North America?-- No.-- Is it a hot country?-- Slightly hotter than Britain.-- Does it have a dry climate or ... ?-- No, it has a very wet climate.-- A small population, you said?-- Yes.-- Is it an island country?-- Yes.-- Divided into two islands?-- Yes.-- Is it New Zealand?-- Yes.Part VII Watch and enjoy Videoscript:Dan Cruickshank:Over the past month, I've traveled through the Americas from Peru to New York. My next stop is another of the world's great modern cities.In little more than 200 years, Sydney has gone from being a dumping ground for British convicts to a confident metropolis, with a number of potential treasures I'm keen to see. I've come to Sydney to seek my treasure. To find the treasure that captures the extraordinary history, the spirit of this city and this nation. There are several contenders.The first one is obvious -- The Sydney Opera House. It's the great Australian icon and one of the most celebrated buildings of the 20th century.The Opera House was designed in 1957 by a Danish architect, Jorn Utzon. The Opera House was one of the most memorable buildings of the 20th century. Its forms are so strong. They're like a symbol for the city. These great shells one upon the other, incredibly powerful. The influences are complex. Utzon looked at many things. He'd been to Mexico, seen Mayan architecture. He loved the platform. I'm on the platform now. The shells rise from -- rise from the platform. Below are sort of the service parts of the buildings, and these great steps, again from the great Mayan temples in Mexico. So he's thinkingof ancient sacred buildings. Utzon also took inspiration from nature. He needed to make the structure easy to build. His solution was ingenious. The shape of each of these shells originates from one form -- a sphere. If one takes an orange and one cuts it into components, I'm now creating the surface of the shells on a miniscule scale. And these surface shapes of standard geometrical form are the basis of the shell structure of the city Opera House, you see. Incredible this use of nature, use of simple forms, use of powerful elemental geometry, use of modern building materials -- concrete, all very ingenious, to create emblematic building, which sums up the city, which has captured the imagination of the world, which says Sydney.My heart sinks when I enter the Opera House. It seems like another building. The imaginative design of the exterior has not been repeated inside. It's all because in 1966 Uzton walked off the project after rows over the design and escalating budget. The consequences of Uzton's resignation were, well, tragic really. The fact is the relationship between the inside and the outside is, er, what shall one say -- unresolved, unsatisfactory. It's good in parts, but not as good as it ought to be and that's very sad. A masterpiece has been flawed.。
Listen this way 听力教程第三册-9Unit 9 Romancing the StonePart I Getting readyA museum is an institution that cares for a collection of artifacts and other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance and makes them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities throughout the world and more local ones exist in smaller cities, towns and even the countryside. The city with the largest number of museums is Mexico City with over 128 museums. According to the World Museum Community, there are more than 55,000 museums in 202 countries.Audioscript：1. The LouvreParis is an ancient city, witness to revolution, celebration and war. At its center stands the Louvre, once a royal palace and now one of the world's greatest museums. The Louvre is home to the mostfamous painting in human history -- The Mona Lisa. Her enigmatic smile is said to conceal many secrets.2. The Vatican MuseumIn the middle of Rome stands the Vatican, the epicenter of Catholicism. It is both a fortified city and a place the Pope calls home. <Gracias. Gracias.> It also houses one of the most famous museums in the world, full of timeless treasures, each one with a story to tell. Of all of these none are more famous than the Sistine Chapel. All who enter here gaze up at the luminous frescos of Michelangelo.3. Toronto's Royal Ontario MuseumIt's an eye-popping Canadian landmark, a national treasure chest and a place of mystery. This is the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, the ROM. For every object on display, thousands more are hidden in backrooms far from public view. Enter the hall of Ancient Egypt, and the hair stand up on the back of your neck. You feel a presence of the ghosts. How did they live and how did they die? If only the mummies could speak.4. Cairo's Egyptian MuseumEgypt, here the towering monuments of the Pharaohs stand silent amid the roar of a modern city. Cairo is the largest metropolis in Africa, home to more than 20 million people. But at its center is a refugee from urban chaos. This is the museum of Egyptian antiquities, the treasure chest of Asian civilization and one of the most spectacular museums in the world. Visitors flock here by the millions to gaze into the eyes of long dead Pharaohs and marvel at their dazzling sarcophagi of silver and gold.5. London's Natural History MuseumThe Natural History Museum in London, England, it's a cathedral of nature housing over 70 million specimens. During the day, thousands of visitors tour the galleries. But at night, when they've all gone home, this place seems to come alive with unforgettable stories about where we came from and where we are going. The galleries and dark passage ways invite those who dare to venture behind the scenes. Take a closer look and discover secrets that are disturbing and sometimes brutal.Part II "The Scream"Painting is a fascinating subject. Every time when you visit a museum, you will find something new even in the same painting.While looking at a painting, you can enjoy it for its beauty alone. Its lines, forms, colors, and composition may appeal to your senses and linger in your memory. Apart from that, you can also try to figure out what the painting describes. Does it describe the artist's impression of a scene or a person? Or does it describe the artist's feeling about the art of painting itself?Audioscript：Speaker 1: This picture is "The Scream" by Edvard Munch, and it's a very powerful picture, it's in black and white as, as you see it here. And um I think it's particularly powerful because mainly because of that figure who um, who is, who seems to be running off this bridge here holding his or her head in her hands and screaming. And um, what's very interesting about the picture are the two, the two figures at the end of the bridge or further up this road. And it's difficult to understand whether the person is running from them or whether they're just er innocent bystanders.Um, so the reason I, I like this picture, the reason I find it powerful is because I think that the person is not actually running from the two dark figures at the end of the bridge, but in fact the person is suffering er perhaps some kind of terrible loneliness or sadness, and is, actually seems to be trying to hide that feeling from those people.And I think this is a common feeling, I think this is something which we all do sometimes when, when we feel some feeling, usually a bad feeling, something like loneliness or terrible unhappiness, we don't want other people to see that, and er so we, we have to try and hide that feeling from, from other members of the, of the public. And I feel that's what this man or woman is doing in the picture here. Audioscript：Speaker 2: As a design, the picture's very strong as well. The, the bridge or the street is a very strong diagonal line which goes through the, the picture. And then to the, to the right of the screamer's head there's a series of dark vertical lines -- it's difficult to know what that is, perhaps it's a field or maybe it could be a wall, it's difficult to know exactly what it is, but those dark vertical lines somehow depress the picture, which is exactly what the artist wanted. And then at the, at the top, you have the sky, which the artist has, has er made in the form perhaps of clouds, which are very strong horizontal lines, very, very bold black lines which again seem to push the whole picture down, and add to the depression of the, the experience which the, the screamer is er, is feeling.Part III Taj MahalThe Taj Mahal is a white marble mausoleum located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was built by Mogul emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely recognized as the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.Audioscript：There's no building more romantic or more tragic than the Taj Mahal. On June the 17th, 1631, Mumtaz Mahal, the wife of the Mogul Emperor, Shah Jahan, died while giving birth to her fourteenth child. So, in response to the death of his wife, Shah Jahan created one of the most famous buildings in the world, the Taj Mahal, a vision of perfection, of paradise on Earth. The emotional power of the Taj Mahal comes not just from its ruthless symmetry and its dazzling white material, but also from the purity and simplicity really of its forms. In line with Islamic thinking, it is not loaded with images of living beings, banned in the Koran, but by simple abstract decoration, lettering. In this sense very much less ornamentation gives more emotional power.As you approach nearer, the Taj Mahal, its scale, its craftsmanship become almost overwhelming. It took twenty thousand people twenty years to complete this great structure and its white marble is inlaid with twenty-eight different sorts of precious andsemi-precious stones. But, this isn't a palace or a mosque. It's a mausoleum. It's a monument to grief. At this level and so near, I can see just how exquisite and subtle the Taj Mahal is. The inlay is amazing, like a jewel box. And the white marble is carved and the surface is mottled in architectural detail. It was a great surprise, being inside the Taj Mahal is like being inside a living being. It moans and it groans. There's no question about it, as a monument to grief and to heartbreak and the expression of agony and pain that lost all that was precious in this world and longing for the next, the Taj Mahal has no equal. It's unsurpassed.Audioscript：The twist to the story of the Taj Mahal is in the nearby Red Fort where the final tragic episode of Shah Jahan's life was played out.It's here that the myth of the Taj was born, where it enters the world of legend.Shah Jahan, the great emperor, became ill. He suffered a stroke and this provoked a ruthless, vicious struggle for power among his foursons. They fought, they battled and Aurangzeb, the most skilful, the most vicious I suppose of the four sons, prevailed. He killed his three brothers in battle and by treachery and when he had his father, Shah Jahan in his power, he imprisoned him here in the Fort. So for Shah Jahan his great empire had been reduced to the area of this courtyard, and he would stand where I am standing now, contemplating the view, looking at the great mausoleum over there. This is a spectacular view, but it could have been more spectacular still. It is said that Shah Jahan, if he hadn't lost control of his empire, would have built himself a mausoleum opposite that of his wife, and his one would have been clad in black marble, to match the white marble of the Taj Mahal.The story of the black Taj is an invention of the 18th century, but one that reflects, reinforces the fantasy surrounding a building dedicated to love and to what could have been.Part IV More about the topic: British Sculptures Now and Then Sculpture has changed more radically in the past 100 years than in the preceding 30 000. British sculptors have led the way thanks to their restless originality. Today British sculpture is a hugely expressive medium with almost limitless possibilities.Sometimes that sheer variety can be a bit bewildering but in British sculpture's long history, this may turn out to be the greatest chapter yet.Audioscript：Welcome to the British Museum, London, home to ancient art, and the unlikely birthplace of modern sculpture. Throughout the 19th century, British sculptors came here to study the famous ancient Greek marbles that once adorned the Parthenon in Athens. They went on show at the British Museum at the start of 1817 and were soon considered the epitome of what sculpture could and should be. Classical, heroic forms, they're naturalistic, harmoniously proportioned, completely devoid of distortion. They offer a vision of a highly sophisticated society -- the bedrock, if you like, of Western civilization.But at the beginning of the 20th century, a group of bohemian, bold, renegade young sculptors began to look elsewhere in the museum for inspiration. The hieratic art of Ancient Egypt, carved direct into stone. The carving of the Pacific, free of classical proportions. The reliefs of ancient Assyria, so different from the Parthenon. And the sculpture of Central America -- full of sex and death. Early in the20th century, non-European works like these kick-started a revolution in British sculpture.Since then, in the search for new forms of self-expression, British sculptors have broken all the old rules. There's been controversy as their vision has clashed with convention.TV news: The sculptor of a house who won this year's Turner Art Prize has watched her work being demolished.There's been conservatism, whimsy, mass-production. But in a golden age of creativity, our artists have often led the way -- making British sculpture part of a new, international language. Instead of gods or heroes, they project their own inner world, leaving us to decide what their sculptures mean. They've pushed the boundaries so far, we're no longer even sure what sculpture is.It's been a story of revolution and liberation of the sculptor free to soar unfettered into the realm of the imagination, to the point where the concept behind the work, not the skill of its execution, has become king. Today, the sculptor isn't someone chipping away at a block of marble, but a kind of sage who can spot beauty and meaning in the world around us, and bring it to our attention in the gallery.Part V Do you know ...?Most of us like to hang beautiful things on our walls. They're statements of our personal taste or reflections of the things we love. But few of us can afford to go to swanky Mayfair galleries or posh auction houses to buy art. 1.5 million quid for a slice of abstract expressionism is a bit beyond most pockets in these recessionary times. In fact, half of Britain's living rooms have art on the walls which has been bought on the high street from stores like Ikea, Habitat, B&Q or Argos.Audioscript：Aside：Nowadays, art is all around us. It's in the streets, and it's part of the modern landscape. In the past few years, we've builtgreat temples to art up and down the country, whether it'sthe Baltic in Gateshead or the Tate Modern in London. Artgalleries have become people-friendly places drawing hugecrowds. Modern art is now something we can all participatein. It's fashionable, it's cool. Its artists are superstars. Butwhat sort of art do we want in our living rooms?Hostess：I'm going to venture into the domestic art galleries we all inhabit. It's a world where individuality meets mass marketand personal taste is more important than art history.Man 1：Yeah, I don't know anything about the history of these ...these pictures, but I just like the colors. Colors repre ...They're superb for what we wanted. WoMan 1：Natural landscapes I really like, so stormy seas and skies with wintry trees, just the skeletons, but I think they're moreeffective in black and white. Girl: It's the ... The sky's likein a nice color, and the sea is very beautiful.Man 2：I like mountains. I'm a mountain guy, so I like pictures with mountains on it. WoMan 2：I don't like Pollock, because it just seems a bit messy, but I do like that wild flinging, painter to canvas.Aside：If you want to buy art for your home, you could start at the top. This is London's Mayfair, where you can spendsquillions on an original work of art. Down the road at TateModern, things are a little bit more user-friendly. There'sfun to be had for all the family. And in the shop, there's avending machine where you can order your own personalmasterpiece to take home. The mass reproduction of art isnow big business, and one of the biggest players in town isthe Art Group, which supplies art galleries, shops andsuperstores around the world from its factory inNorthampton. The Art Group started off with just a singlestall on Camden Market 25 years ago. Its slogan was, "Artfor all." Now it runs a 24-hour production line and is amultimillion-pound business employing 300 people. Hostess：So when people think of art, they think of these perfect white spaces, silent, contemplative, and here you've got thethunder of machinery, the vaulted warehouse ... DarrenBooker <Operation Director>: Absolutely.Hostess：I like it, actually.Darren：This is ... This is art on a big scale. It doesn't matter if you make ten a day or 10 000 a week. It still has to be perfect. Hostess：Amazing how recognizable all these images are. I don't have any, I don't own any, but they've sort of seeped intomy consciousness from, you know, trips to Ikea or Habitator Argos or wherever. So what's the effect of the price ofthis sort of art coming down?Darren：I think the real effect is that it's now in ... in more reach of everyone. People are now able to afford this, and in manyways it now becomes a disposable piece of artwork. Art'sbecoming more fashionable, and people will tend todecorate more frequently, change their art more frequently,which is all so great for us.Hostess：Because they can.Hostess：I can see Klimt hanging on the wall. Is this a big ... is Klimt a big guy for you?Darren：Yeah, he's a very successful artist, very well known, a good seller.Hostess：Do you think Klimt would have ever thought, as he anguished over that picture, that years later people in afactory would be nailgunning it to a piece of MDF? It's artas lifestyle, I guess.Part VII Watch and enjoyThe Sistine Chapel is a large and renowned chapel of the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in the Vatican City. The fame of the Sistine Chapel lies mainly in the frescosthat decorate the interior, and most particularly the Sistine Chapel ceiling and The Last Judgment by Michelangelo. The fame of Michelangelo's paintings has drawn multitudes of visitors to the chapel, ever since they were revealed five hundred years agoVideoscript：In the middle of Rome stands the Vatican, the epicenter of Catholicism. It is both a fortified city and a place the Pope calls home. <Gracias. Gracias.> It also houses one of the most famous museums in the world, full of timeless treasures, each one with a story to tell. Of all of these none are more famous than the Sistine Chapel.All who enter here gaze up at the luminous frescos of Michelangelo. What few people know is that his masterpiece was an afterthought. When the chapel was constructed the walls were filled with monumental murals. But the ceiling was just decorated with a simple field of stars. Thirty years later Pope Julius II decided it needed a new paint job. When he gave the task to Michelangelo, he took a leap of faith because the artist was not then a famous painter, but an upcoming sculptor of the human form. His transformation of the ceiling, an area the size of two basketball courts, would becompleted in just four years. How did a brilliant but inexperienced painter complete the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in such a short time? Five hundred years later when Vatican's staff embarked on the restoration project, they got the chance to uncover this museum secret.The restoration team spent nine years up onto the ceiling in the 1980s. It took them twice as long to clean the ceiling as it did Michelangelo to paint it.The largest figures on the ceiling are nearly 20 feet across. Michelangelo did not attempt to paint them freehand. Each figure started as a sketch or cartoon, followed by a procedure that art experts like William Wallace refer to as pouncing.Wallace: Pouncing is the means of transferring the cartoon to the plaster, so the cartoon is actually being pricked with little tiny holes and charcoal dust in a bag is actually pounced or pounded onto the cartoon. Okay. We see the head beautifully pounced and the hand beautifully pounced.But pouncing was a slow process and Michelangelo was under pressure for an aging Pope who wanted to see the ceiling completed before he died. So Michelangelo exchanged the charcoal for a blade,allowing him to quickly incise the lines of the sketch directly onto the plaster.On a scaffold 18 hours a day, seven days a week, constantly craning his neck up, paint dripping into his eyes, no one can say Michelangelo didn't suffer for art. In the fourth year of his labor, he even described it in a poem:"With my neck puffed out like a pigeon,Belly hanging like an empty sack,Beard pointed at the ceiling and,My brain fallen back within my head."Michelangelo kept going because he was tough and determined, but that doesn't explain how he could work on a scaffold just a few feet from the ceiling and yet paint figures in perfect perspective when seeing from far below. The answer may be because he started his career as a sculptor.Elizabeth <Art historian>: When Michelangelo imagines a figure moving, it's moving inwards, outwards and space, and therefore creates this wonderful perspective. People ask all the time, "Is thatreal? Is the architecture real? Are they sticking out the ceiling? Are they 3D?"If one removes the frescos from the ceiling, Michelangelo's mastery of perspective becomes even more impressive. He works magic with his paints, creating lifelike 3 D figures even when the background tilts the wrong way.Elizabeth <Art historian>: Jonah was painted on a piece of plaster that tilts towards us, and yet looking at the figure Jonah appears to tilt backwards. It was something that he knew would fly in the face of all the people that criticized him at the beginning of the assignment say, "Oh, but Michelangelo doesn't know anything about painting." Michelangelo denies the laws of physics through his painting. It's the same kind of special effect that people marvel at in something like Avatar.So how did Michelangelo complete his masterpiece in just 4 years? Determination, physical endurance and 3D virtualosity are only part of the answer. The rest is surely quite simply, genius.Every morning when the gates open, thousands of visitors head straight to the Sistine Chapel. To stand for a moment in a place that combines the power of god and the genius of man.。
《英语听力教程3》答案与听力材料呵呵....考试一路顺风......UNIT 1A.B. Keys:Part I Getting ready1: burning of the forests/tree removal (deforestation)/reduction of the world's rain forests2: global warming/greenhouse effect/emissions of CO2Part II The Earth at risk (I)A. Keys:1.a. More people--------?more firewood----?fewer treesb. More domestic animals------?more plants-----?fewer available plantsa, b--? More desert----?move south-----?desrtt expanding south----?no grass2. Growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. But if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow.3. People try to grow food to support themselves or to create ranches where cattle can be raised, or to get hardwood for export,or to make way for an iron ore mineB. Keys:1: Sahara Desert2: North America & most of Europe3: top soil blowing away4: tropical forests destruction5: animal/plant species becoming extinct6: climate change for the whole worldPart III The Earth at risk (II)A. Keys:1: Trees would hold rainfall in their roots. When forests in the higher up-river have been destroyed, all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river and starts the flooding.2: He implies that some national governments just consider the results of their policies in the near future, or just think as far ahead as the next election.B. Keys:1: flooding in Bangladesh2: Action to be taken3: population controlPart IV More about the topic: The Effects of Global Warming Keys:1: Warming up of the world2: Effects of global3: reduced potential for food production4: change of patterns of hear-related food poisoning, etc.Part V Do you know…?A. Keys:1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5: TB. Keys:Dos 1: your towels 2: Cut out 3: a wall-fire 4: fridge 5: wait until you've a full load6: a complete mealDon’ts 7: iron everything 8: the iron up 9: the kettle 10: to the brim11: hot foodUnit 2Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: International Union for the Conservation of Nature,United Nations, wildlife, policies2: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, trade, animals and plants, 1975, prohibits, 8000, controls,300003: United Nations Environmental Program,leadership, environment, quality of life4: World Wide Fund for Nature(formerly World Wildlife Fund) , 1961, Sahara Desert, North America & most of Europe,top soil blowing awayC. Keys:1: 2 2: 4 3: 5 4: 1,6 5: 3Questions:1: They work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife2: They are campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species.Protected-nesting sites for turtles have been set up3: It refers to the places of safety in the sea where sea animals are protected and allowed to live freelyPart II Christmas bird countsA. Keys:1: Jan. 3rd 2: more than 40 000 volunteers 3: 1 600 4: a 15 mile diameter5: an American artist 6: their natural habitats 7: the late 1800sB. Keys:1: start 2: sponsored 3: outside counting birds 4: experienced bird watchers5: anyone that is interested or concerned 6: scheduled 7: 10 people taking part8: 15 mile diameter circle 9: the total bird populations 10: the number of birds11: the longest-running bird census 12: undefinedPart III Dolphin captivityA.B. Keys:1: 1 2: 3 3: 4 4: 5 5: 26: Dolphins should be kept in captivity.7: There are educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity.C. Keys:1: stress (family-oriented) 2: sonar bouncing off3: average age of death; life getting better for captive dolphins4: natural behabior patterns-altered5: suffering from fractured skulls, ribs or jaws6: can't learn from animals in the wild how they operate, breed, what they need, etc.Part IV More about the topic: Birds----A Source of WealthKeys:1：9300 2：Habitat 3：warmer climates 4：300 different species 5：colder climates 6：habitat alteration 7：esthetic value 8：Birds' populationPart V Do you know…?Keys:1: one and one-half million 2: 20 times3: 100 4: 40000 5: 65 million6: 3500 7: 2 million square miles 8: 3%9: 200 animal species 10: 100011: a third 12: two-thirds 13: three-quartersUnit 3 El Nino? La Nina? Part ID. warmer/ green house effect / sea levels/ climate zonesAs 1998 ends and people look forward to the last year of the century, the World Almanac spoke with experts about what comes next. Almanac editorial director says the experts believe the next century will bring lots of changes.Warm, of course, that our climate is going to continue getting warmer. That’s the subject, by the way, of another new article on the 1999 World Almanac. The greenhouse effect, exactly what causes it, and what steps to be taken to, perhaps to alleviate global warmings. I’ve seen recently that 1998 is goin g to go down as the warmest year ever on record. And so that’s going to be a major issue of the next century, and possible tremendous consequences of the global warmings, whether it is rising sea levels affecting the coastal areas; changes in climate zones affecting what crops can be grown, and in what regions. This is potentially a very significant trend to be watched.E. Cyclone: North or south of equator / Typhoon:/ Hurricane: Eastern PacificMajor ocean storms in the northern part of the world usually develop in late summer or autumn over waters near the equator. They are known by several different names. Scientists call these storms cyclones when they happen just north or south of the equator in the Indian Ocean. In the western Pacific Ocean or the China Sea, thesestorms are called typhoons. In the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, they are called hurricanes.Part IIA. Outline 1. A. weather pattern/ global climateB. 1. twice a decade 2. 12-18 monthsC. 1. warmer weather/2. wetter than usual/ drier D. the decline of winds II. 1. droughtsB. a cyclic weather pattern/ about twice a decade/ wetter/ drier/ cold water away from South America’s west/ to expand eastward toward the America’s / move eastward too/ the weather around the world/ droughts/ rains and flooding/ on the South American fishing industry/ to become depletive/ the strength of it/Part III Lick ObservatoryB. location: an hour’s drive/ summit/Origin of the name: a wealthy businessmanSize: one meter diameter/ secondTime: 1888Present function: research/ an educational toolC. way of observation: human eyes; in the cold/ TV screen Gains and losses: Romance/ the sky/ efficiency/ reality/ universeQuestions:1. Because lick Observatory is near “Silicon Valley”, a region of the states high-technology.2. Because Lick Observatory was built on his estate and he was buried at the base of the telescope at this won request.3. By using the 19th century telescope, you have a feeling of romance with direct viewing with the human eyes. By sing the modern devices, you lose that romance but gain the efficiency. That’s an exchange.Part IV. The national climatic Data Center.A. OutlineI. A. 1951 B. headquarters C. satellites, radar, solar radiation system, airplanes, shipsII. B. collecting weather records from around the world D. publications about earth environment. E. requests fro information from all over the world.B. questions.1. The Department of Defense, the National Weather Service, the coastguard2. The office has written weather observations made by early American diplomat Benjamin Franklin and by the third President of the U.S.3. You can get the information by computer, microfilm and telephone4. American cities. Another publication has monthly reports from 1500 observation stations around the world.5.The center had more than 900,000 requests from government officials, business owners,Unit 4 Reports on Disasters & AccidentsPart I.1. firebomb/ shopping/ several /2. 1,000 tornadoes3. car ferry/ taken over/ Green Action Front4. South Korea/ 270/ thousands5. robbed/ 5/ lunchtime/ 10,0006. hurricane/ 100/ twenty/ 1007. Hijacked/ TuesdayPart II. Hurricanes & tornadoesA. 1. a storm 2. about 2000 3. the winds were up to 75 miles an hour 4. the Indian army 5. destroyed/ links / collapsed 6. more than 40 people 7. over 100,000 peopleLarge numbers of villages have been completely cut off. The officialsaid the death toll could reach 2000. the Indian army has been called into help the relief effort. From Deli. Here is David Willis.The storm with winds of up to 75 miles an hour struck India’s southeast coast, flattening homes, destroying crops and cutting transport links. Eyewitnesses reported tidal waves more than 12 feet high. The storm was followed by torrential rains, which swept away roads and railway lines, and flooded low lying areas. More than 40 people are thought to have died when a ferry sank. But most of the deaths have been due to flooding, houses collapsing or electrocutions. More than 100,000 people have been evacuated from their homes and are taking shelter in relief camps. After surveying the flooded area by helicopter, the chief minister said it resembled a burial ground. He’s appealed to the federal government to tr eat the incident as a national calamity. David Willis.B. 1. The worst of the heavy rains and thunderstorms appears to be over2. in parts of Europe3. During the past week4. Affected5. At least five6. because emergency warnings were issued before.C. 1. c 2 b 3. d 4. bNine hours Greenwich Mean Time. The news read by Wendy Gordon. The worst of the heavy rains and thunderstorms that have been sweeping parts of Europe during the past week appears to be over. Exceptionally heavy rainfall brought flooding to many parts of Germany, Switzerland, Northern Italy and France and chaos to rail and road transport. Although most flights are expected to be back to normal by this time tomorrow, there are expected to be serious delays on the German and Italian motorways over the forthcoming holiday weekend and train services are unlikely to be normalized for several days. A government spokeswoman in France announced that the damage to homes and property is expected to be at least four thousand million francs. It is reported that at least five people have lost their lives. Experts agree that casualty figures are low because emergency warnings were issued on the day before the storms began. The federal government in Switzerland has urged motorists and rail travelers not to travel during the next few days and no international traffic will be allowed on the main north-south motorway routes across the country until next Tuesday.Part III. EarthquakesA. Another earthquake, the fifth in three days, hit Japan last night. Hundreds of homes have now been destroyed or badly damaged, and thousands have been made homeless since the earthquakes started.Many of the homeless have begun to make themselves makeshift shelters from the rubble. Electricity, gas and water supplies have also been seriously disrupted. Experts believe that the country will be hit by more quakes during the next 48 hours.C.I. A. Sunday/ the 23rd B. in southern ItalyII. A. at least 400 B. many more than 400III. A. in small towns and villages outside Naples 1. hospital 2. church 3. private homesB. 1. eight or nine 2. in the streets or squares 3. countryside/ traffic jams 4. telephone lines/ 5. electricity and waterIV. A. 1. the fog 2. the cold weather B. roadrt.Part IV Earthquake TipsDuring an earthquakeA1. Main idea: to remember Tsunami victims2. Time : midday/ 3 minutes of silence/ people stopped/ flags lowered to half staff.3. Purpose: giving people a chance to remember all those who died.4. 1) Sweden/ 700+1200 Germany: +1000B1. large earthquake/ epicenter under water2. no/ most quakes no tsunamis3. depending on distance/ near the earthquake/ immediately / hardest hit area/ two hours away.4. a. water/ seriously withdrawing or coming in for no apparent reasonb. feeling an earthquake / witnessing a landslide at the coast Unit 5 People & Places (I) Part I1. Australia is the world’s largest island and its smallest continent. Its total area of 3,000,000 square miles is about the same as that of the continental United States (excluding Alaska)2. the area of Nepal is about 54,000 square miles. Within its borders are five of the world’s highest peaks.3. Switzerland is a small, landlocked country, 15,944 square miles in area. It’s bordered by France, Austria, a nd Italy.4. more than 20,000,000 people live in Argentine. About 97 percent are of European stock. Most argentines live on the eastern plains. Fewer than 19% live in the dry western and northwestern provinces.5. Austria is 32,376 square miles in area. This makes it twice thesize of neighboring Switzerland. There are about 7,150,000 people living in Austria. More than one third of the people live in or near Vienna, the capital city.6. Colombia is the only country in South America with a coastline on the both sides of the continent. It is a big country with an area of 439,828 square miles and about 16,300,000persons live in Colombia.7. Saudi Arabia’s area is estimated to be about 830,000 square miles. Almost all of Saudi Arabia’s 7,000,000 people are A rabs. Today Saudi Arabia’s vast oil resources are paying for the modernization of the country. Conditions there are changing more rapidly than they have for centuries.8. Denmark proper has an area of only 16,575 square miles. It is the smallest of the Scandinavian countries—Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. But Denmark’s population of over 4,600,000 is greater than that of Norway and more than half that of Sweden. Part II CanadaB. outlineI. A. second only/ B. 26 million people C. 1 the Great Lakes 2 the Rocky Mountains 3 the Arctic islandsII. A. 1. 2. overcoat/ a fur hatIII. A. 1. American Indians 2 Germans 3 Italians, / Inuit B.English and FrenchIV. A. seafood B. meat dishes D. the sweet course E. good beer but not good local wines.V. A. most modern shopping centers B. 1 2. woolen 3. wood 4 leather 5 mapleVI. A. the Canadian dollar B. 10 am to 3pm Monday to Thursday, till later on Fridays.Part III Traveling around AustraliaA. Sydney: harbor: take a boat trip in an old sailing ship/ at a backpacker’s hotelThe Sydney Opera House: see concertsThe great Barrier Reef: tropical fish/ glass bottom/ at a resort hotel or at a guesthouseAyers Rock in Ulura National park: go hiking/ see cave paintings/ colors /at sunrise and sunsetKakadu National Park: go hiking/ wildlife / waterfalls/ in one of the campsites.B. 1. T 2 F 3 F 4. T 5 F 6. T 7. FStatements:1. When David was in Sydney, he didn’t stay there for night.2. The Great Barrier Reef is in South Queensland in Australia3. From what Nancy says, one can know that she is fond of swimming4. In Uluru national Park, Nancy can see the largest rock in the world.5. If Nancy likes to walk around the base of the rock, she has to walk about five miles.6. Nancy will bring her camera with her when she travels in Australia.7. There are no crocodiles in the tropical forest in Australia.Part IV. The Story of DenverOutlineI. A. 1l6 kilometers/ one mile above the sea levelB. population:C. 1. 300 days of sunshine a year2. about 35 centimetersII. Business and Marketing centerA. more than 1500 manufacturing companies1. Main activity: food processing2. other factories making equipment for the defense, space, high technology and transportation industries.3. gold productionB. the computer and communications industriesC. 1. offering the third highest number/ 2. that do business in other countriesIII. A. History B. Natural History C. North America/ 90,000 E. city park system F. a business area filled with old buildings, gas lights and vehicles pulled by horsesPart V. Do you Know…?ICELAND----- in the Atlantic/ a small population / an island countryBrazil----- a newly-built capital / a pretty large country/ famous for its jungles/ a South American countryNew Zealand----- hotter than Britain / a small population / a mountainous country/ a wet climate/ divided into two islands. Unit6People and Places (II)Part IPart II New ZealandersOutlineI. A. an island country in the South Pacific Ocean B. 2,575,000 II. A. free education for children from ages 3 to 19B. for children between the ages of 7 and 15C. The Government Correspondence School:III. A. one of the highest in the worldB. mainly one-story wooden homesC. meat and butterIV. Recreation B. musical / D. Concerts/ E operaV. A. camping/ fishing C. Rugby football D. soccer/ basketballB. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6 FStatements:1. New Zealand is about 1,400 miles from Australia2. More people live on the larger South Island than the North Island in New Zealand3. Most New Zealanders are of British origin.4. Children in New Zealand usually go to school at the age of5.5. Not many New Zealanders have their own cars.6. New Zealanders are fond of drinking a lot of tea.Part III. What do you think of Britain?Weather Food people Way of lifePaul Changeable; depressing;The best word: bleak Boring/ flavor$ taste/ enjoy it Snobbish;/ alive/ on fireCindy Cloudy/ sunshine D ull, / sweets Difficult/ reserved relaxed Usha Changeable/ OK Healthy/ bland Reserved/ friendly Fast Spiro Depressing / long; pleasant All right/ limited Friendly sincere Awful; / tiringB. 1. It must be tasty and full of flavor2. Spring and autumn3. Because the city life is fast4. for seven years5. there is a wider selection of dishes in Greek food.6. Usha is very good at making friends.Part IV Native peoples of AlaskaOutline1. A. 1 sea 2 fish 3 4 reindeerB 1 frame houses 2 hutsC 1 hunting 2. carvingII. A related/ differentB. 1 the sea 2 fishing boats 3 working inIII. Indians A. the interior 1. Canada 2 fishing, trappingB. near the sea 1. 2 means of livelihood: c. loggingPart V. Do you know…?1. T 2 T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T 7. FStatements:1. The city of London is quite dirty.2. the speed of life in the countryside is relatively low.3. companies remain in the city despite high rents and office costs.4. the company selling office equipment had no choice but to close down its London office.5. shortly after the company closed down its London office, it went bankrupt.6. more and more fields in the countryside are being used for housing.7. with less land to farm, people now get fewer farming products.Unit7Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: delighted 2: care 3: afraid 4: shy 5: strangers 6: really 7: laugh at 8: seriously9: sympathetic 10: lectures 11: experience 12: think 13: grammar 14: meaning 15: time16: work 17: problems 18: read19: improve 20: somethingPart II Are you a good language leaner?A. Keys:1: instrumental 2: examinations 3: integrative 4: immigration 5: marry 6: confident7: a good ear 8: revision 9: monitor 10: organization 11: teacher 12: classroom 13: 24 hours 14: responsibilityB. Keys:1: eternal 2: solution 3: out-of-classroom 4: in-classroom 5: responsibility6: failed 7: blame 8: blamePart III Foreign accentsA. Keys:1: judge 2: accents 3: snobbish 4: posh 5: foreign6: talk 7: expect 8: BBCB. Keys: 1: strong 2: struggle 3: broken 4: sort 5: tellPart IV More about the topic: How to Enlarge your V ocabulary? Keys: (the red numbers after the statements mean that you should tick Women 1, 2 or 3 in the form)1. learn new words by reading, e.g. newspapers, magazines: 1、32. learn new words from TV, films, etc.: 23. look up new words in a dictionary: 1、24. ask a native speaker of English what a new word means: 25. keep vocabulary cards or a vocabulary notebook: 2、36. try to use new words in conversations or when writing letters: 27. guess the meaning of new words: 38. group words related to one topic: 39. figure out the words from the pronunciation: 210. do crossword puzzles: 1Part V Do you know…?B. Keys: 1: lift, weekend 2: announcer or newsreader, smoking, training3: building 4: parkingUnit8Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1 : √2 : 03 : 04 : √5 : 0Part II Home schoolingA. Keys:1: About 300000 2: In reading and math 3: interests, questions 4: outsider,mixing with, well qualified, narrow views 5: time, desireB. Keys:1: snowfall, climate, Alaska, tourism2: spring, stars, telescope, satellites, space3: dinner, atlas, influence, greenhouse, deserts, ice capsPart III UK or US education?A. Keys:1: everything 2: fair idea, want to do 3: competent, narrow, one thing 4: beginning, lose yearsB. Keys:1: depth, general, wide 2: 90% 3: pure, technical, scientific, academic, practical use4: flexible, switch 5: far more, prepared, new skillsPart IV More about the topic: Co-educational or Segregated Schools Keys:1：to equip 2：require 3：shock 4：apart 5：true 6：get to know 7：live together8：compare 9：male 10：female 11：healthy attitude 12：mysterious creatures13：romantic heroes 14：physical 15：emotionalPart V Do you know…?Keys:1 : similar, Britain2 : 1732, life stories3 : 1751, Frenchmen4 : 1768, Scotland5 : 72000, 70006 : 8000, 10007 : 70 to 125 Unit9Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: F 2: T 3: F 4: FC. Keys:1: comedy 2: women 3: scenery 4: One 5: American 6: patriotism 7: European8: 1920s 9: maturity 10: popular 11: 1943 12: plot 13: hit 14: golden age15: all over the world 16: mainstay 17: music of Broadway 18: classicPart II Times SquareA. Keys:1: Because it is the name for the area around where Broadway crosses Forty-Second Street in Manhattan2: In 1904, it got its name in an area which was then called Long Acre Square.3: New York Times newspaper, New Year celebrations, Entertainment, Its huge colorful signsB. Keys:1: seedy, drug dealers, pornography or cheap knock-off,2: be widened, declined, upscale, Times Square clothing and accessoriesPart III What is a pub?A. (Outline) Keys:1: sign 2: name 3: sale of alcoholic drinks 4: 10:30 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. 5: 6 p.m. - 11 p.m.6: Sundays 7: 7 p.m. - 10:30 p.m. 8: accommodationB. Keys:1: That is because they seldom find the word "pub" in the name of a pub. Very often many pubs have names linked to royalty, sports, popular heroes or great occasions.2: The first thing to look for is a large sign either hanging over the street or placed on a pole outside the building.3: "Saloon Bar" is more comfortably furnished.4: That means the pub doesn't buy its drinks from one particular brewery only. It isn't tied to a brewery.C. Keys:1: coaches welcomed by appointment 2: bar food - lunchtimes only 3: pub accommodation 4: facilities for the disabled 5: a pub of historic interestPart IV More about the topic: The Song Yankee DoodleA. Keys:1: Colonists in the northeast part of America2: All Americans 3: American soldiersB. Keys:1: little 2: British 3: British 4: foolish 5: colonists 6: words 7: 1770s 8: soldiers 9: music 10: defeated 11: same 12: representsPart V Do you know…?A. Keys:1：It's Christmas Eve supper.2：There are 12 traditional dishes on the table.3：They just break wafers with each other, wishing each other good luck.4：The children go to the other room, where the big Christmas tree stands. Under the tree there are some Christmas presents.5：They go to church at midnight.B. Keys: 1：c 2：a 3：b 4：b 5：cUnit10Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: July 20. 1969 2: U.S. 3: descended 4: the first person5: step 6: leap7: two-and-a-half hour 8: flag 9: a phone called 10: feat11: heavens 12. world 13: moment 14: people 15: pride16: astronauts 17: module 18. legacy19: demonstration 20: chained 21: further 22: unlimitedPart II Standing on the moonA. Keys:1: the fifth person 2: nine hours and twenty-three minutes3: gather and photograph 4:peacefull, insignificantB. Keys:1: F 2: F 3: F 4: TPart III Grand projects of the ageA. Keys: 4, 2, 5, 3, 1, 6B. Keys:1: 1931, 102-floor high, 42 years, its limestone majesty2: 2009, $24 billion, electrity3: $330 billion, (still counting), 4300 miles, (still counting), automobile society, jobs, trade4: 1994, 24 miles, England, the Continent5: 1914, $380 million, 7800 milesPart IV More about the topic: World Wars (I& II)Missing…Part V Do you know…?Keys: 1: T 2: F 3: F 4: F 5: T 6: FUnit11Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: Tuesday, March 1st 2: Arts 3: Sciences 4: industry 5: technicians 6: 30 7: recognize 8: create 9: vote 10: 70 11: Album 12: gold 13: players 14: short 15: nominated 16: six 17: Pop Male 18: country singer19: The Hard WayPart II Karen Kain—a Canadian ballerinaA. Keys:1: In her hometown.2: When she was eleven years old.3: She also got academic training.4: When she was eighteen years old.5: He is an actor.6: For six weeks.7: For another ten years at the most.8: She will be playing Cinderella in an English pantomime.B. Keys:1: c 2: d 3: d 4: a 5: d 6: cPart III “The Scream”A. Keys:1: powerful 2: black 3: white 4: bridge 5: screaming6: at the end 7: loneliness 8: sadnness 9: hideB. Keys:1: For painting the bridge or the street2: For painting a field or a wall3: They somehow depress the picture4: For painting clouds5: They add to the depression of the screamerPart IV More about the topic: The Oscar Award and OthersKeys:I. 1: Oscar 2: motion pictures 3: Academy 4: 1929 5: ten6: gold 7: the statuette 8: librarian 9: director 10: first cousinII. 1: the theater 2: Theater Wing 3: 1947 4: actress-director 5: nicknameIII. 1: mystery writing 2: Mystery Writers 3: miniature 4: father 5: detectiveIV. 1: Science Fiction Convention 2: science fiction 3: silver4: rocket ships 5: founder 6: Amazing StoriesPart V Do you know…? Keys:1: T 2: F 3: F 4: F 5: T 呵呵....祝你考试顺利！加油！。
Unit 1 The Earth at RiskPart Ⅰ Getting readyenvironment：环境natural：自然globe：地球protecting：保护attempt：尝试，打算，企图Amazon/'m z n/：亚马逊cut down：砍伐burning：烧荒tree removal：砍树The World Wildlife Fund：世界野生动物基金会rain forest：雨林towels：毛巾nylon：尼伦，化纤defrost：去霜boil away：煮干cut out：关掉full load：满载fridge：冰箱lighting：灯（光）iron：熨斗；熨（衣服）Rough-dry：晾干(不熨）kettle：烧水壶thermostat：恒温（设置）器brim：壶口；注满wall fire：壁炉ring：（烧烤）环grill：烧烤架satellite：卫星The environment is the natural world of land, sea, air, plants, and animals that exists around towns and cities. Since there is only one globe where we're living, more and more people have come to realize the importance of protecting the total global environment.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. vicious circle：a set of events in which cause and effect'follow each other in a circular pattern2. monsoon season：the season of heavy rains that fall in India and neighboring countries3. hygiene：the study and practice of how to keep good health, esp. by paying attention to cleanliness4. accelerate：(cause to) move or go faster5. fossil fuel：any naturally occurring carbon or hydrocarbon fuel, such as coal, petroleum, peat, and natural gas, formed by the decomposition of prehistoric organisms6. latitude：a measure of relative position north or south on the Earth's surface, measured in degrees from the equator, which has a latitude of 0°, with the poles having a latitude of 90° north and south.7. contamination：the act of polluting or the state of being polluted8. hierarchy：a system in which people or things are arranged according to their importance9. priority：something given special or prior attention10. watershed：a ridge of high ground forming a divide between two different drainage basins or river systems or the region enclosed bysuch a divide and draining into a river, river system, or other body of water.B You are going to hear a short speech. Listen carefully and write down the environmental issues mentioned in the speech.burning of the forests/tree removal (deforestation)/reduction of the world's rain forestsAudioscript:The Amazon forests are disappearing because of increased burning and tree removal. In September, satellite pictures showed more than 20 000 fires burning in the Amazon. Experts say most of these fires were set by farmers. The farmers were attempting to clear land to grow crops. The World Wildlife Fund says another serious problem is that too many trees in the Amazon rain forest are being cut down. World Wildlife Fund says the fires show the need for urgent international action to protect the world's rain forests. The group warns that without such action some forests could be lost forever. Nowadays energy is too expensive to waste. It costs the country, and you, too much. What have you done to conserve existing energy resources? Here are some tips to help you slim yourwaste — save energy. Always remember that energy sense is common sense.C Now listen to some simple tips to help you save energy.Complete the dos and don'ts.Audioscript:● Don't attempt to iron everything. Rough-dry your towels and nylon things. Trust the thermostat on your iron — don't turn it up too high.● Don't leave the kettle to boil away. And don't fill it to the brim for only a cup of tea!● Cut out unnecessary lighting. Every little helps.● Save it on he ating. Do without a wall-fire if you can.● Defrost the fridge regularly. Ice build-up wastes fuel. Don't put hot food in either — if you do, the fridge has to work overtime.● It makes energy sense to wait until you've a full load before using your washing machine.● Cook a complete meal in the oven and save it on the rings and grill. Roast chicken, veg, and baked sweet to follow?It all adds up. The more energy you save, the more money you save. That's good housekeeping!When we listen to the weather forecasts, we often come across some terms related with the weather. For example, what is a cyclone? What is a hurricane? Are they the same? Here is the explanation.D Listen to the explanation about different weather terms.Complete the information in the chart.Audioscript:Major ocean storms in the northern part of the world usually develop in late summer or autumn over waters near the equator. They are known by several different names. Scientists call these storms cyclones when they happen just north or south of the equator in the Indian Ocean. In the western Pacific Ocean or the China Sea, these storms are called typhoons. In the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, they are called hurricanes.Part II The Earth at Risk (I) chopped down：砍倒nutrients：养分，养料instantly：立即，马上recycled：回收利用clear-cut：砍光soil：土壤dries up：（晒）干washes the soil away：把土壤冲走ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔaries：纪录片expand：扩展continent：大陆at risk：有危险stabilize：（使）稳定impact：冲击，撞击;影响at an alarming rate：以惊人的速度blow away：吹掉the Sahara Desert：撒哈拉沙漠（非洲北部）unproductive：不毛的;没有产物的cut down：砍伐consequently：所以，因此available：可获得的Mali：马里grasslands：草原intensive：集约的；加强的agriculture：农业intensive agriculture：集约农业region：地区tropical：热带ranches：大牧场cattle：牛，牲口;畜生be raised：饲养export：出口tinned meat：罐头肉Brazil：巴西the size of Britain and France combined：大小是英法两国合起来jungle：丛林an iron ore mine：铁矿hardwood：硬木luxury furniture：豪华家具domestic animals：家畜firewood：柴火;劈柴vicious circle：恶性循环make way for：让路convert：（使）转变plant species：植物物种rare plant：珍稀植物rainfall：降雨extinct：灭绝的;绝种的carbon dioxide：二氧化碳oxygen：氧century：世纪interview：采访Do you know what happens to a rain forest when the trees are chopped down? About 80% of the rain forests nutrients come from trees and plants. That leaves 20% of the nutrients in the soil. The nutrients from the leaves that fall are instantly recycled back into the plants and trees. When a rain forest is clear-cut, conditions change very quickly. The soil dries up in the sun. When it rains, it washes the soil away.A Listen to the first part of an interview. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then answer the questions. Questions:1. What is the vicious circle mentioned by Brian Cowles?More people ——>. more firewood ——> fewer trees{ More domestic animals —> more plants —> fewer available plants} —>more desert —> move south —>desert expanding south —> no grass2. Why is the rain so important to soil?Growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. But if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow.3. What are some of the reasons that tropical forests are being cut down?People try to grow food to support themselves or to create ranches where cattle can be raised, or to get hardwood for export, or to make way for mines.Audioscript:I — Interviewer B — Brian CowlesI:Brian Cowles is the producer of a new series of ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔaries called "The Earth at Risk" which can be seen onChannel 4 later this month. Each program deals with a different continent, doesn't it, Brian?B:That's right. We went to America, both North and South and then we went over to Africa and Southeast Asia.I: And what did you find in each of these continents?B:Starting with Africa, our film shows the impact of the population on the environment. Generally speaking, this has caused theSahara Desert to expand. It's a bit of a vicious circle we find.People cut down trees for firewood and their domestic animals eat all the available plants — and so consequently they have to move south as the Sahara Desert expands further south. I mean, soon the whole of Mali will become a desert. And in EastAfrica: here the grasslands are supporting too many animalsand the result is, of course, there's no grass — nothing for the animals to eat.I: I see. And the next film deals with North America?B:That's right. In the USA, as you know, intensive agriculture requires a plentiful supply of rain for these crops to grow, Imean if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow. Andgrowing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil justblows away. This is also true for any region that is intenselyfarmed — most of Europe, for example.I: And what did you find in South America?B:In South America (as in Central Africa and Southern Asia) tropical forests are being cut down at an alarming rate. This is done so that people can support themselves by growing food or to create ranches where cattle can be raised to be exported toEurope or America as tinned meat. The problem is that the soil is so poor that only a couple of harvests are possible before this very thin soil becomes exhausted. And it can't be fed withfertilizers like agricultural land in Europe.For example, in Brazil in 1982 an area of jungle the size ofBritain and France combined was destroyed to make way for an iron ore mine. Huge numbers of trees are being cut down forexport as hardwood to Japan, Europe, USA to make things like luxury furniture. These forests can't be replaced — the forestsoil is thin and unproductive and in just a few years, a junglehas become a waste land. Tropical forests contain rare plants(which we can use for medicines, for example) and animals —one animal or plant species becomes extinct every half hour.These forest trees also have worldwide effects. You know, they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. The consequence ofdestroying forests is not only that the climate of that regionchanges (because there is less rainfall) but this change affects the whole world. I mean, over half the world's rain forest has been cut down this century (20th century).B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the first part of the interview. Complete the outline.Outline (1)I. Environmental problems in different continentsA. Africa1. Sahara Desert expansion2. no grass for animals to eat (East Africa)B. North America & most of Europe1. situation — intensive farming/agriculture2. potential problem —top soil blowing awayC. South America, Central Africa & Southern Asia1. problem —tropical forests destruction2. consequencesa. soil —> thin —> unproductive —>wastelandb. animal/plant species becoming extinctc. climate change for the whole world Audioscript:I — Interviewer B — Brian CowlesI:Brian Cowles is the producer of a new series of ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔaries called "The Earth at Risk" which can be seen onChannel 4 later this month. Each program deals with a different continent, doesn't it, Brian?B:That's right, yes, we went to ... er ... we went to America, both North and South and then we went over to Africa andSoutheast Asia.I: And what did you find in each of these continents?B:Well ... er ... starting with ... er ... Africa, our film shows the impact of the population on the environment. Generallyspeaking, this has caused the Sahara Desert to expand. It's a bit of a vicious circle ... er ... we find, people cut down trees forfirewood and their domestic animals eat all the available plants — and so consequently they have to move south as the Sahara Desert expands further south. I mean, soon the whole of Mali will become a desert. And ... er ... in East Africa: here thegrasslands are supporting too many animals and the result is, of course, there's no grass— nothing for the animals to eat.I:Mm, yes, I see. Um ... and the ... the next film deals with North America?B:That's right. In the ... er ... USA, as you know, intensive agriculture requires a plentiful supply of rain for these crops to grow, I mean if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow.And growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soiljust... it just blows away. I mean, this is also true for any region that is intensely farmed — most of Europe, for example.I: And what did you find in South America?B:In South America (a ... as in Central Africa and Southern Asia) tropical forests are being cut down at an alarming rate. Th ...this is done so that people can support themselves by growing food or to create ranches where cattle can be raised to exp ... to be exported to Europe or America as tinned meat. The problemis that the s ... the soil is so poor that ... um ... that only a couple of harvests are possible before this very thin soil becomes exhausted. And it can't be fed with fertilizers like agricultural land in Europe.Um ... for example, in Brazil in 1982 an area of jungle the size of Britain and France combined was destroyed to make way for an iron ore mine. I mean, huge numbers of trees are being cut down for export as hardwood to Japan, Europe, USA (I)mean ... to make things like luxury furniture. These forests can't ... er ... they can't be replaced — the forest soil is thin and unproductive and in just a few years, a ... a jungle has become a waste land. Tropical forests contain rare plants (which ... er ... we can use for medicines, for example) and animals — one animal or plant species becomes extinct every half hour. These ... er ... forest trees ... I mean ... also have worldwide effects. You know, they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. The consequence of destroying forests is not only that the climate of that region changes (because there is less rainfall) but this change affects the whole world. I mean, over half the world's rain forest has been cut down this century (20th century).Part III The Earth at Risk (II)agency：局，机关Conservation of Nature：自然保护the United Nations Earth Summit：联合国地球峰会Rio de Janeiro/[美]'ri de'ner u，[英]'ri ded 'ni r u/：里约热内卢（巴西港市，州名）in tackling：着手处理issues：问题man-made：人造，人为flooding：洪水natural disasters：自然灾害by and large：总的来说，大体而言obviously：明显hurricanes：飓风earthquakes：地震Bangladesh：孟加拉共和国Nepal：尼泊尔India：印度Himalayas：喜马拉雅山monsoon season：季风季节the river Ganges /'g nd iz/：恒河Sudan：苏丹the Nile：尼罗河Ethiopia /i: i'upi/：埃塞俄比亚terribly：很;非常;极;非常糟糕地depressing：使沮丧;使萧条;使跌价national governments：中央政府forward-looking：有远见的，向前看的policies：政策;策略as far ahead as：远至the next election：下届大选on an international basis：在国际上；以国际为基础presumably：据推测;大概;可能;想来As early as in 1984, the United Nations created a special environmental agency, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. In 1992, the United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro aroused great media interest in tackling difficult global environmental issues.A Listen to the second part of the interview. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then answer the questions. Questions:1. Why is some flooding man-made?Trees would hold rainfall in their roots. When forests in the higher up-river have been destroyed by men, all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river and starts the flooding.2. What does Brian imply when he says the national governments have to be forward-looking?He implies that some national governments just consider the results of their policies in the near future, or just think as far ahead as the next election.Audioscript:I — Interviewer B — Brian CowlesI:So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as natural disasters are in fact man-made?B:Yes, by and large. I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. Practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is gettingworse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut down up in Nepal and India, I mean, higher up—river in theHimalayas. Trees would hold rainfall in their roots, but ifthey've been cut down all the rain that falls in the monsoonseason flows straight into the river Ganges and floods thewhole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same —the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have beendestroyed too.I:Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. What is to be done? I mean, can anything be done, in fact?B:Yes, of course it can. First, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election.Somehow, all the countries in the world have to work together on an international basis. Secondly, the population has to becontrolled in some way: there are too many people trying tolive off too little land. Thirdly, we don't need tropicalhardwood to make our furniture — it's a luxury people in the West must do without. Softwoods are just as good, lessexpensive and can be produced on environment-friendly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they are cut down.I:And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the consequences of their actions.B:Yes, of course.I: Well, thank you, Brian.Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the second part of the interview. Complete the outline.Outline (II)II. Reasons for some "natural" disasters — mainly man-madeA. flooding in BangladeshB. flooding in SudanIII. Action to be takenA. national governments — forward-lookingB. population controlC. stopping using hardwood for furniture-makingD. educating people to realize the consequences Audioscript:I — Interviewer B — Brian CowlesI:So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as ...er ... as er ... natural disasters are in fact man-made?B:Yes, by and large ... er ... I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. I mean, practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this isgetting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have beencut down up in Nepal and India ... I mean ... higher up—riverin the Himalayas. Trees ... er ... would hold rainfall in theirroots, but if they've been cut down all the rain that falls in themonsoon season flows straight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is thesame — the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia havebeen destroyed too.I: Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. Um ... what is to be done? I mean, can anything be done, in fact?B:Yes, of course it can ... er ... first, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the nextelection. Somehow, all the countries in the world have to worktogether on an international basis. Secondly, the population has to be controlled in some way: there are too many people trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we don't need tropicalhardwood to make our furniture — it's a luxury people in theWest must do without. Softwoods are just as good, lessexpensive and can be produced on environment-friendly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they arecut down.I: And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the consequences ... um ... of their actions.B: Yes, yes of course.I: Well, thank you, Brian.Part IV More about the topic:The Effect of Global WarmingIt matters：重要average：平均temperatures：温度Britain's Climate Prediction Center：英国气候预测中心trapped：受限gases：气体atmosphere：大气industrial processes：工业过程the earth's surface：地表fossil fuels：化石燃料the sea level：海平面ice caps：冰顶melt：融化latitudes：纬度lower/higher latitude：高/低纬度equator：赤道drought：干旱Hygiene：卫生，卫生学;保健法insects：昆虫bacteria：细菌expect：期待includes：包括distribution：分配，分布infective agents：传染媒heat-related food poisoning：与热有关的食物中毒contamination：污染;弄脏;毒害;玷污diarrhea：腹泻sensitively：敏感地;易受伤害地;易生气地;慎重地worldwide：世界范围；全世界economies：经济politicians：政客；政治家put stress on：强调warming：变暖potential：潜在的，有可能的global warming：全球变暖accelerate：加速poles：（地）极take action：采取行动decline：下降environmental refugee：环境难民The world is getting warmer. It matters because it changes a lot of things to do with our everyday life. We can also say because the Earth is warming up we could simply not have enough to eat. Do you know what some of the effects of global warming are? Listen to the material. Complete the outline.OutlineI. Wanning up of the worldA. average temperatureB. yearly increaseII. Causes of global warmingIII. Effects of global warmingA. great changes in rainfallB. rise in the sea levelC. reduced potential for food productionD. health and social problems1. environmental refugees2. change of patterns of distribution of insects andinfective agents3. change of patterns of heat-related foodpoisoning, etc.IV. Time to take actionAudioscript:The world is warming up. We know this because average temperatures are the highest since scientists started measuring them600 years ago. The increase is about 0.2 °C every year. This may seem very slight, but we know that slight changes in temperature can have a big effect on other things. Most scientists now believe this global warming is due to human activity.Jeff Jenkins is head of Britain's Climate Prediction Center. He explains how global warming can happen."Sunlight strikes the earth and warms it up. At the same time heat leaves the earth, but part of that is trapped by carbon dioxide and other gases in the earth's atmosphere. That has been happening ever since the earth was formed. But the fear is that increasing amounts of carbon dioxide produced by industrial processes and transport and so on will lead to a greater warming of the earth's surface. So that's the global warming that people are concerned about."People are most concerned about the use of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are oil, coal, wood and so on. When these burn, they produce the gas carbon dioxide. Many scientists agree that an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and some of the gases in the atmosphere will increase the amount of warming. Computers are being used to predict what this may mean. They showed that there could be great changes in rainfall and the rise in the sea level as ice caps in thenorth and south poles melt. This could have a serious effect on agriculture according to Prof. Martin Perry of University College in London. He says it could become more difficult to grow food in the tropics at lower latitudes nearer to the equator."The most clear pattern emerging is the possibility of reduced potential production in lower latitude regions, and most generally speaking, increased potential in higher latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm, to put it extremely simply, and plants there are quite near their limits of heat and drought stress. An increase in temperature or reduction in moisture would place limits on crop growth."Woman:Global warming could reduce food production in lower latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm.Global warming could put more stress on plants and placelimits on crop growth.Food production is only one area that could be affected. There could also be health and social problems. Prof. Antony McMichael of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine believes that some rural areas are already suffering. And the insects and bacteria could spread disease more easily."Already a number of rural populations around the world are suffering from the decline of agricultural systems. Climatic change would add to this. And we would expect that it would accelerate the flood of environmental refugees around the world. But it includes not just the food production systems, but the patterns of distribution of the insects and infective agents around the world. It includes likely effects on patterns of heat-related food poisoning, water contamination and diarrhea diseases, lots of things like this that would respond very sensitively to changes in climate."Woman:Global warming could affect the distribution of insects.Global warming could change patterns of heat-related foodpoisoning.Many countries now agree that something must be done to reduce the danger of global warming. But a worldwide agreement on lowering the production of carbon dioxide has been difficult to reach. This is because many economies depend on fossil fuels like oil. Scientists believe it's now the politicians in every region of the world who need to take action.Part V Do you know ……？composed of：组成broad-leaved trees：阔叶树tropical regions：热带awareness：知道diminish：消失Indonesia：印尼humid：潮湿的variation：变化，变动see ... as：看作hierarchy：分层，层次;等级制度;统治集团as far as：只要;远到…;据…;直到…为止campaigning organization：活动的组织（者）in different ways：不同方式in different types：不同型号make changes：变更a critical period：养分阶段in terms of：依据；按照；在…方面；以…措词depend on：依靠flexibility：柔韧性，机动性，灵活性;伸缩性;可塑度;柔度and so on：等等write off：流利地写下;损失掉;毁掉; 结束掉priority：优先，优先权;（时间，序上的）先，前at international level：国际水平livelihood：生活，生计;谋生之道;营生prime：最好的;首要的;最初的;基本的watersheds：流域;分水岭( watershed的名词复数);分水线;转折点the biological richness：生物多样性a genetic treasure chest：遗传的宝藏climatic patterns：气候型tribal people：部落，部族，土著民Rain forests are generally composed of tall, broad-leaved trees and usually found in wet tropical regions around the equator. Despite increased awareness of the rainforests' importance during the late 20th century, they continue to diminish. Rainforests grow mainly in South and Central America, West and Central Africa, Indonesia, parts of Southeast Asia, and tropical Australia, where the climate is relatively humid with no marked seasonal variation.Listen to the interview. Complete the outline.OutlineI. The most important environmental issuesA. difficult to make a hierarchy of worryB. rain forests concentrated on most by thecampaigning organizationII. Importance of rain forestsA countries depending on theme.g. people depending on them for their livelihood andthe quality of their environmentB. the biological richness of the rain forestse.g. more than 60% of the world's species found in therain forestsC. impact on climatic patternsAudioscript:A:About big international issues: what do you see as the most important environmental issues of the moment?B:It's quite difficult to make a kind of hierarchy of worry here, because so many issues are there, and so ... and they're all very very important. But I think it has to be said that as far as wewe're concerned, as a campaigning organization, it really is the rain forest that we are concentrating on most. If we don't take action on that issue within the next five years, thenenvironmental pressure groups won't have anything to do in ten years' time, because there won't be any rain forests, really, for them to campaign about. So this is a critical period for the rain forests, the next five years, and there is enough flexibility in the system to allow us to hope that we're going to be able to make some changes during that time. So that's why we've made it our priority.A:What's so important about the rain forests, then? Er, what's, what's the difference between having them or not having them?Isn't it just, you know, basically either there are a lot of treesthere or there aren't a lot of trees there?B:Uhh ... well that's what some people would like to think. Um, there, it's important in many different ways, important firstlyfor the countries themselves, in terms of the fact that millions of people depend on the rain forests for their livelihood, and for their ... the quality of their environment, through the protection of watersheds, and so on. Secondly, they're important because of the biological richness of the rain forests. Um, a genetic。
英语听力教程第三版（张民伦主编）...英语听力教程第三版(张民伦主编)Unit-5-Meet-People-from-around-the-World听力原文Listen this way 听力教程第三册-5Unit 5 Meet People from around theWorldPart I Getting ready Audioscript:Presenter：T oday Selina Kahn is in the arrival area at Gatwick Airport checking out today's topic -- national stereotypes.Selina ...Selinar：Thanks, John. I have with me Eric, who's just flown in with Virgin Atlantic from the USA.Eric：That's right. I've just come back from New York. Selinar：Is it as dangerous as they say?Eric：No, New York isn't dangerous, no more than any other big city, especially if you're careful and don't advertise the fact that you're a tourist.Selinar：And is it true what they say about New Yorkers, that they're rude, and that they only care about themselves?Eric：Well, I found the people were very friendly. However, they do have a reputation for not caring about other people. I think the reason for this is that life in New York isincredibly stressful. People just don't have the time to thinkabout anybody else. It isn't that they don't care.Selinar：Is there anything else you noticed about New Yorkers? Eric：Two things I had heard about before I went to New York did seem to be true, though. First is that they are always talkingabout money and how much things cost. Secondly, it's thatpeople eat all the time as they go about their daily lives, you know they "graze on the hoof" as they walk about thestreets.Selinar：Thanks Eric, and now I have with me, Sue, who's been to the south of France ...Part II New Icelanders Audioscript:New Zealand is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean about 1 200 miles southeast of Australia. It has about 2 575 000 people. Two thirds live on the North Islands, and one third on the larger South Island. Most of them are of British descent.Almost everyone in New Zealand knows how to read and write. The government provides free education for children from ages 3 to 19. Education is compulsory for children between the ages of 7 and 15, but most enter school by the age of 5. Young children who live far from schools belong to the Government Correspondence School and listen to daily school broadcasts on the radio.New Zealanders enjoy one of the highest standards of living in the world. There are no people of great wealth, but poverty is practically unknown. The majority of families live in one-story wooden homes. Most families have an automobile, and many have modern home appliances. Because the country is a major producer of sheep and dairy products, meat and butter form a larger share of the diet than is common in other countries. The people are among the world's greatest tea drinkers.Many of the books, magazines, and movies in New Zealand come from the United Kingdom or the United States. But the number of books published in the country is growing rapidly. Musical and theatrical groups come from Europe and North America to perform. The larger cities have radio and televisionstations. The National Symphony Orchestra gives concerts throughout the country, and there are also opera and ballet companies.New Zealanders enjoy the outdoors, and people of all ages take partin sports. Favorite holiday activities are camping, boating, hunting and fishing. Horse racing draws large crowds to racetracks. Rugby football is a national game. Other team sports are soccer, cricket, basketball, and field hockey.Statements：1. New Zealand is about 1 400 miles from Australia.2. More people live on the larger South Island than the North Island in New Zealand.3. Most New Zealanders are of British origin.4. Children in New Zealand usually go to school at the age of5.5. Not many New Zealanders have their own cars.6. New Zealanders are fond of drinking a lot of tea.Part III What do you think of Britain？Audioscript: ?Paul comes from Jamaica.Interviewer：What do you think of English food?Paul：English food -- right now, I can enjoy it, but when I first came up from the West Indies, I found it rather distasteful, rather boring, no flavor, no taste.Interviewer：What do you think of the English weather?Paul：The English weather -- I do not think there are enough adjectives to describe (it) -- miserable, cold, damp,changeable, depressing. I think bleak is the best word. Interviewer：Now what do you think about English people and their way of life?Paul：The older generation of English people are really snobbish -- the snob-nosed English. But the youth of England today --they're really alive, you know, they're more vibrant, on fire,alive. They are much more free than their parents, crazy!Cindy comes from Los Angeles.Interviewer：What do you think of the English weather?Cindy：Well, it's rather cloudy and depressing. I get tired of all these "sunny intervals." There's not enough sunshine.Other than that, it's all right. It's not too cold, nor toowarm.Interviewer：And have you had much opportunity to eat English food?Cindy：Yes, I avoid it, because it's dull. I think it's dull. And I think the English eat a lot of sweets and greasy food like chips.Interviewer：And what about the English way of life? What do you think of that?Cindy：Well, it's certainly more relaxed, but I think that the English people are -- tend to be -- difficult to get to know.They're reserved. The cities are safer and I also thinkthey're much cleaner than the American cities, whichmakes it much more pleasant to live there. Usha comesfrom Madras, in India.Interviewer：Would you like to tell me what you think of the English weather? Usha：Well, the English weather is very changeable, but it's OK. Well, I like spring and autumnbest. I think they are the loveliest time of the year. Interviewer：And what about English food? What do you think of that?Usha：Well, English food is healthy. But I wouldn't like tohave it every day. It's rather ... I wouldn't say dull -- but too bland for my taste.Interviewer：And what about English people? How have you found them? Usha：Well, in the beginning, they are rather reserved, but once you get to know them, they are veryfriendly, and I've got many English friends now in England. Interviewer：And how have you found the English way of life?Usha：Well, city life is fast of course everywhere, but I like the countryside very much. I like it very much, yes. Spirocomes from Salonika, in Greece.Interviewer：You've lived in England for about seven years. What do you think of English weather?Spiro：Well, I think the English winter is very depressing at times, especially when it drizzles all the time, and also the other thing that makes it depressing is the long nights. It getsdark very early and you wake up and it's pitch black again, and so you go to work and it's very dark and you comehome and it's dark again. But in the summer, I think, when the sun's shining, it's very pleasant indeed, with greenparks, trees, very pleasant.Interviewer：And what about English food? What do you think of that?Spiro：Well, I think it's ... English food is all right, but there's a very limited selection of dishes. It's mostly roast and -- offhand --there's only about five typically English dishes I can thinkof, whereas compare that to Greek food, there's anenormous selection of dishes one could cook. Interviewer：And what do you think of the English people?Spiro：I find them very reserved, but it seems that when youget to know them, they're quite friendly and sincere. But it usually takes some time to actually open an English person up -- if you like.Interviewer：And what do you think of the English way of life? Spiro：Pretty awful, actually. It's the speed of life really that I find rather tiring.Part IV More about the topic:Native People of Alaska Audioscript:When the Russian discovered Alaska in 1741, they found it occupied by three groups of native peoples -- Eskimos, Aleuts, and Indians. Descendants of these natives still live in Alaska.Most scientists think that the native peoples migrated originallyfrom Asia to North America, not all at once but in wave after wave over thousands of years. Probably the last to enter Alaska were the ancestors of the northern Eskimos.Eskimos Of the different groups of native peoples, the Eskimos are the most numerous. From earliest times the Eskimos depended upon sea mammals, fish, and caribou for their living. In the 1890's reindeer were brought from Siberia to start herds as an additional means of livelihood.Many Eskimos now live in frame houses heated by fuel oil, but they once lived in sod and driftwood huts heated by seal-oil lamps. They did not build snow ig100s, as some of the Canadian Eskimos still do, except for emergency shelter.The Eskimos are superb hunters. They are an energetic people who have long been known for their ivory carving and other arts and crafts. Their way of life is changing as they find opportunities for schooling and for employment in trades and professions.Aleuts The Aleutian Islands and the Alaska Peninsula are the homelands of the Aleuts. The Aleut language is related to the language of the Eskimos, and yet it is very different. Like the Eskimos, the Aleuts have always depended on the sea for food and other needs. Some of the present-day Aleuts operate fishing boats. Others work in fish canneries. Many Aleuts have Russian names,which go back to the time of the Russian occupation of Alaska.Indians There are two major groups of Indians -- the Indians of the Interior Plateau and the Indians of Southeastern Alaska.The Indians who live in the interior came to Alaska from Canada. Originally they were hunters. Some of them still live by hunting, fishing, and trapping. Others have moved to towns, where they live and work as do other present-day Alaskans.The Indians of Southeastern Alaska are sometimes known as the maritime Indians, or Indians who live near the sea. They have been in Alaska for hundreds of years. Carving and basket making are among the crafts of the maritime Indians. They are known for their totem poles. From earliest times they depended on fish, especially salmon, for their living. Today they are efficient business people who operate commercial fishing boats and canneries. They also follow other occupations such as logging, shopkeeping, and working in government offices.Part V Do you know ...? Audioscript:Dan Cruickshank：I'm at Cuiaba in the western Brazil -- and I'm about to fly, go by car, and by boat, around 750 kilometres into the Amazon rainforest to find my living treasure. Mytreasure's not an ancient artifact, but something very special that continues to be created and used by people deep in therainforest.After several hours, we cross the threshold into what remains of the rainforest. It's been fenced off and is now protected by the Brazilian government. I head down the Warema River, a tributary of the Amazon, towards my treasure. It's an unbelievably beautiful work of art, created by a tribe called the Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa). Excellent reception committee. Wonder who I approach. Hello.That is what I've come to see -- the headdress. My most colourful of treasures is a symbol of the Amazon and an object of immense importance to these people. Here we go. Oh my god. Wow. I expected one, maybe two, umahara, but a whole hut full. Beautiful objects, beautifully made, but more to the point, they're full of meaning to these people. They celebrate their culture, their aspirations, their religion. And made from human hair, parrot feathers. Ah, absolutely wonderful. The umahara headdress is worn with great pride by the Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) people. It's the emblem of an endangered culture. It once played a key role in war ceremonies and is still used in dance rituals. This dance takes place every day for 90 days after the first ofJune. It's a celebration of birth and all things new. Duringthe dance wives have the right to ask favours of theirhusbands, who are obliged to grant them.After the dance, I talk to members of the tribe about theheaddress and how it's made.Can I ask what it -- what it means to them today, theumahara headdress?Interpreter：He says the umahara represents a great richness in their own culture. And for their future. For their future, they shouldn't stop creating it and using it for their ownuse.Dan Cruickshank：Represents their sense of identity really. Interpreter：It represents the identity of the Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) people.Dan Cruickshank：So we've got feathers from parrots and -- and female hair. That -- that is correct, is it... really? On -- onto --Interpreter：This is from the -- a Marella clan.Dan Cruickshank：Yes, there is the hair.It's all rather perplexing. To preserve their traditions, theIgbatsa (Rikbaktsa) have to make the umahara headdresses.Yet in so doing, they must kill protected bird species fortheir feathers. While the faces and bodies of the men andwomen are brightly painted in the traditional way, theysport natty shorts and bikini tops. Bit by bit, the Igbatsa(Rikbaktsa) are being drawn into the modern world,whether they like it or not. As evening approaches,preparations are being made for supper. A rather tastyfeast awaits me. This all brings back very deep memories.The family halls scattered round about the compound, the main hall where the communal ceremonies take place -- the people gathered round the fire at night eating. The fieldsround about. It's like an Anglo-Saxon village in England acouple of hundred years ago. It's like meeting one'sancestors coming back here.Statements:1. The Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) people live in Brazil.2. The headdress is made from parrot feathers and malehair.3. The headdress is now used in dance rituals to celebratebirth and all things new.4. The dance takes place every day in June.5. During the dance, husbands cannot refuse favors askedby their wives.6. The Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) people do not like the modernway of life.Part VII Watch and enjoy Videoscript:Narrator：It looks like a paradise, but it is in fact the most treacherous desert in the world：the Kalahari. After the short rainy season, there are many water holes, and even rivers. But after a few weeks, the water sinks away into the deep Kalahari sand. The water holes dry up, and the rivers stop flowing. The grass fades to a beautiful blond color that offers excellent grazing for the animals. But for the next nine months, there'll be no water to drink. So most of the animals move away, leaving the beautiful blond grass uneaten. Humans avoid the deep Kalahri like the plague because man must have water to live. So the beautiful landscapes are devoid of people, except for the little people of the Kalahari. Pretty, dainty, small and graceful, the Bushmen. Where any other person would die of thirst in a few days, they live quite contentedly in this desert that doesn'tlook like a desert. They know where to dig for roots and bulbs and tubers and which berries and pods are good to eat. And of course they know what to do about water. For instance, in the early morning, you can collect dewdrops from leaves that were carefully laid out the previous evening. Or a plume of grass can be a reservoir. And if you have the know-how, an insignificant clump of twigs can tell you where to dig, then you come to light with an enormous tuber. You scrape shavings off it with a stick that is split for a sharp edge. You take a handful of the shavings,point your thumb at your mouth and squeeze. They must be the most contented people in the world. They have no crime, no punishment, no violence, no laws, no police, judges, rulers or bosses. They believe that the gods put only good and useful things on the earth for them to use. In this world of theirs, nothing is bad or evil. Even a poisonous snake is not bad. You just have to keep away from the sharp end. Actually, a snake is very good. In fact, it's delicious and the skin makes a fine pouch. They live in the vastness of the Kalahari in small family groups. One family of Bushmen might meet up with another family once in a few years. But for the most part, they live in complete isolation, quite unaware that there are other people in the world. In the deep Kalahari, there are Bushmen who have never seen or heard of civilized man. Sometimes they hear a thundering sound when thereare no clouds in the sky, and they assume that the gods have eaten too much again and their rummies are rumbling up there. Sometimes they can even see the evidence of the gods' flatulence. Their language has an idiosyncrasy of its own. It seems to consist mainly of clicking sounds. They are very gentle people. They'll never punish a child or even speak harshly to it. So of course their kids are extremely well-behaved. And their games are cute and inventive. When the family needs meat, the hunter dips his tiny arrow in a brew that acts as a tranquilizer. So when he shoots a buck, it only feels a sting and the arrow drops out. The buck runs away, but soon it gets very drowsy and it stops running. After a while, it goes to sleep. And the hunter apologizes to his prey. He explains that his family needs the meat. The one characteristic which really makes the Bushmen different from all the other races on earth is the fact that they have no sense ofownership at all. Where they live, there's really nothing you can own. Only trees and grass and animals. In fact these Bushmen have never seen a stone or a rock in their lives. The hardest things they know are wood and bone. They live in a gentle world, where nothing is as hard as rock, or steel or concrete.。
Unit 7之蔡仲巾千创作Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1PhoneticsStress, Intonation and AccentScriptListen to Joanna. When does she mean “Not at all”?When doesshe mean “Only in special cases”? Tick the right box.1. Who? Mary? She doesn’t go out with an yone, you know.2. No. Well, if you ask me, she doesn’t like anybody.3. Oh, a meal. Yes, that’d be nice. But where? I don’t want to eat anywhere.4. Do you think so? Mm —of course, she doesn’t approve of anyone.5. Yes. But what do you suggest? She won’t enjoy anything, will she?6. No, I asked her. I think she doesn’t want to go anywhere.7. I know. It’s odd, isn’t it? Never mind. We don’t have to go out with anyone.8. In fact, let’s not go out with anyone.Key1. (That means she will go out only with someone special.)2. (That means she doesn’t like anybody, no matter who he or she is.)3. (That means she would only eat at some special restaurants.)4. (That m eans she doesn’t approve of anyone, no matter who he or she is.)5. (That means she has special tastes.)6. (That means she just wants to stay at home.)7. (That means we can go out with particular ones.)8. (That means they will go out on their own.) Part 2 Listening and NoteTakingMountain Rescue ServiceScriptA.Listen to some sentences and fill in the blankswith the missingwords.1. The first thing that happens is that the personwho reports the accident iscloselyquestioned.2. They will also need to know how many peoplewere involved in the accidentand what kind ofinjuries there were.3. The third party on the mountain is the backupgroup.4. Their job is to help the main party on itsreturn journey.5. The base is set up near a telephone so thatextra help can be contacted withoutdelay.B. Listen to a talk about mountain rescue service.Take notes and complete thefollowing outline.When an accident is reported to the Mountain Rescue Service, the first thingthat happens is that the person who reports the accident is closely questioned.The rescue group needs to find out a number of details. First, they need to knowexactly where the accident happened, with a map reference if possible.Then theywill want to know the time of the accident.They will also need to know how manypeople were involved in the accident and what kind of injuries there were. Finally,they will ask for other useful details, such as the colour of the victim’s clothing andthe weather conditions.Then the rescue team’s callout procedure b egins. Team members keep theirpersonal equipment at home so as to be ready to set off within fifteen minutes ofreceiving the call. The advance party of about four people sets off right away. Theycarry a radiotelephone with them to send details to the main party and to thebase. They are also equipped and trained to give immediate medical assistance.The main party follows the advance party. They carry a radiotelephone and moresupplies, including a stretcher for the victim. The third party on the mountain isthe backup group. Their job is to help the main party on its return journey.Rescue control is set up in a mobile base. This vehicle carries the team’s suppliesother than personal equipment. It is equipped with radiotelephone and the meansof providing hot food anddrinks. The base is set up near a telephone so that extrahelp, for example ambulance, doctor, helicopter or reserves, can be contactedwithout delay.KeyA.1. The first thing that happens is that the personwho reports theaccident is closely questioned.2. They will also need to know how many peoplewere involved in theaccident and what kind ofinjuries there were.3. The third party on the mountain is the backup group.4. Their job is to help the main party on its return journey.5. The base is set up near a telephone so that extra help can be contactedwithout delay.B. Mountain Rescue ServiceI.The rescue group needs to find out a number of details.A. The place where the accident happened.B. The time of the accident.C. Details about the victim.I I.Then the rescue team’s callout procedurebegins.A. Team members keep their personal equipment athome so as to beready to set off withinfifteen minutes of receiving the call.B. The advance party of about four people sets off right away.1. They carry a radiotelephone with them tosend details to the mainparty and to thebase.2. They are also equipped and trained to giveimmediate medical assistance.C. The main party follows the advance party.1. They carry a radiotelephone and moresupplies, including a stretcherforthevictim.D. The third party on the mountain is the backupgroup.1. Their job is to help the main party on itsreturn journey.III. Rescue control is set up in a mobile base.A. This vehicle carries the team’s supplies other than personal equipment.B. It is equipped with radiotelephone and themeans of providing hot foodand drinks.C. The base is set up near a telephone so thatextra help, for example ambulance, doctor,helicopter or reserves, can becontactedwithout delay.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Sentence IdentificationScriptIdentify each sentence as simple (S), compound (CP), complex(CPL) orcompoundcomplex (CC). You will hear each sentence twice.Write the corresponding letter(s) in the space provided.1. What do I care if you choose to make a fool of yourself?2. Walter was satisfied with the outcome; his wife, however, was bitterlydisappointed.3. Their trip to the park seashore next day wascut short by the first heavy drops ofrain fromthe brooding clouds.4. Eileen, Sophia and William decorated the room,WordStrd the furniture, andcleaned the carpet.5. Many of the players have slight injuries, but the team as a whole is in fine shape.Key1. CPL2. CP3. S4. S5. CPPart 2 DialoguesDialogue 1 Stressed OutScriptA. In the dialogue the speakers talk about stressmanagement.Listen to the dialogue and decidewhether the following statementsare true (T) orfalse (F).Friend: Are you OK, Mia? You look beat. You look really tired.Mia: I am. I can’t seem to sleep at night. I’vebeen under a lot of pressure lately— alot of stress.Friend: What’s up?Mia:I’ve got a million things to do. I’m busy atwork. I’m working on thehouse too, youknow. I’m trying to fix it up. I need tofinish it beforewinter. Just lots ofdeadlines.Friend: Any way I can help?Mia: Thanks, but not really. It’s just things I have to do.Friend: Well, you need to manage that stress a little better. Are you gettinganyexercise?Mia: Who has time?Friend: You really should ride a bicycle to the store, or walk to work a couple ofdays aweek, or go swimming at the communitycenter. It helps me toget exercise whenI’m busy. You don’t have to become afitness nut*, youknow.Mia: That is a good suggestion. It’s just the time, you know. I’m alwaysthinking ofwhat I should be doing.Friend: No wonder you can’t sleep. A lot of people learn to meditate* or learnyoga.Meditation and yoga are supposed to begood ways to deal withstress. They helpyou relax.Mia: Yoga? Maybe I’ll call the community center.They might have someclasses there.Friend: You know, another thing you can do is to take vitamins. You use up a lotofvitamins and you don’t get them in yourmeals all the time. They won’thelp thestress, but they might help your bodyhandle it better. You reallyshould takevitamins every day.Mia: Yeah, I should get some. Thanks.Friend: How about going out with Rosa and me this Friday? It’ll do you good.We could see amovie, make you forget your problems.Have a little fun.Mia : You know, you’re right about all o f this.Let’s go somewhere Friday night,havedinner, see a movie. That’ll be fun.Friend: Now you’re talking!Mia: OK. See you Friday. Got to get back to work!Friend: Mia, you’re hopeless, truly hopeless.B. Listen to some extracts from the dialogue andcomplete thefollowing sentences with the missing words.1. Friend: What’s up?Mia: I’ve got a million things to do. I’m busyat work. I’m working on thehouse too,you know. I’m trying to fix it up. Ineed to finish it beforewinter. Just lotsof deadlines.2. Friend: You know, another thing you can do isto take vitamins. You use upa lot ofvitamins and you don’t get them in yourmeals all the time.They won’t help thestress, but they might help your bodyhandle itbetter. You really should takevitamins every day.KeyA. F 1. Mia looks great.T 2. Mia has been under a lot of pressure probably because she finds it difficulttomeet the deadlines.T 3. She is repairing her house herself.T 4. Her friend believes exercise can help you relax.T 5. Her friend also believes that if you getregular exercise you will probablybecome afitness nut.T 6. Mia has insomnia.T 7. Meditation and yoga are supposed to be good ways to deal with stress.F 8. Vitamins can also relieve stress.T 9. Mia will go out with her friend Friday evening.T 10. Mia is probably a workaholic.B. 1. Friend: What’s up?Mia: I’ve got a million things to do. I’m busy at work. I’m working on thehouse too,you know. I’m trying to fix it up. Ineed to finish it beforewinter. Just lotsof deadlines.2. Friend: You know, another thing you can do isto take vitamins. You use upa lot ofvitamins and you don’t get them in yourmeals all the time.They won’t help thestress, but they might help your bodyhandle itbetter. You really should takevitamins every day.Dialogue 2 ReflexologyScriptA. Listen to two people talking about reflexology andcompletethe following chart.Woman: Did I tell you about the reflexology* class I’m taking at the Asia Center?Man: The what class?Woman: Reflexology. I t’s foot massage? You know, from Chinese medicine.Man: Foot massage?Woman: Yeah. It’s wonderful. Here, let me show you what I’ve learned. Take off your shoes and socks. Man: Are you serious?Woman: Just try it.Man: OK.Woman: The important thing to understand is that parts of your foot areconnected to other parts ofyour body.Man: Yeah, my legs.Woman: No. I mean certain places on your foot are connected to other places,other parts ofyour body. So when you massage a part ofyour foot, it’sgood for anot her part. Forexample, look at your big toe.Man: Uhhuh.Woman: The area on the bottom of the big toe is connected to your brain. Doyou have headaches?Man: Headaches? Sometimes.Woman: So just rub the area on the bottom of your big toe. It will help yourbrain.Man: Huh? Huh. Actually, my eyes hurt more often than my head. My eyesget tired from using thecomputer at work.Woman: Massaging your other toes can help your eyes. On the bottom of eachtoe, there’s a small area.They’re round, like circles. Well, r ubbingthesecircles makes your eyes feel better. Itrelaxes tired eyes.Man: Here? This area under each toe?Woman: Yeah. But that’s not the only place for tired eyes. If your eyes reallyhurt, find the areaunder your two smallest toes … there byyour twosmallest toes.Man: Uhhuh.Woman: It looks something like the letter “U.” Massage that U. It will help whenyou feel really badpain in your eyes.Man: What else?Woman: Well, now move down your foot on the outside. Find the widest partof your foot on the outside,there’s an area related to yourshoulders.Massage it firmly —not so hardthat it hurts, but you should be firm.Thiswill help the muscles in your shoulders. Man: Like stiff shoulders, that kind of thing?Woman: Right. Now let’s look at the other si de of your foot. On the inside ofyour foot, put yourfingers near the top — on the inside, justunder thebig toe. Slowly and firmly, rubfrom the top all the way to your heel… tothe end of your foot. This area will healyour back. If you havebackaches, rub thislong, narrow area several times a day.Man: The whole inside edge helps the back?Woman: That’s right. How’s your stomach? Do you get stomachaches?Man: Not very often … well, sometimes, if I eat too much. Woman: Find the area in the center of your foot. It goes from the inside edge ofyour foot almost allthe way to the other side. It’s almost likea smallegg. Massage it firmly. It can helpyour stomach.Man: Here, in the middle?Woman: Right. You can work on your knees, too. If you have sore knees, moveyour hand to the bottom,outside edge of your foot, the sole ofyourfoot, by the heel. Rub firmly.Man: You know, this is kind of interesting. But actually, you know what hurtsthe most? My feet. I getblisters* a lot.Woman: Blisters? Maybe you need bigger shoes.KeyPart 3 PassageEating CultureScriptB.Listen to the passage and choose the best answer toeach ofthe questions you will hear.Don’t Americans know that eating immoderate quantities of French fries andpizza can lead to overweight? Almost 80 percent know that high fat intake maylead to health problems, 86 percent are aware that cholesterol* can mean trouble,and 88 percent know that sodium* may have negative effects on health.This leaves obesity* researchers struggling with the questions of why we eat alot of fat when we know it makes us fat. What’s more, overweight is on the rise,even as popular culture continues to celebrate slimness, to the point of embracingfashion models as standards of female beauty.A couple of different societal forces are pushingAmericans toward overweight,even though we value slenderness. First, broad changes have conspired* tomakemany adults feel stressed at home and work, from corporate downsizing to beinga single parent. They eat as a form of release. People are eating more because it’s a form of gratification.Second, Americans live in the only country in the world where pieeatingcontests are oldfashioned fun, and allyoucaneat restaurants dot the landscape.Many obesity experts believe that cultural standards of slenderness areprimarily embraced by white Americans, to whom slimness becomes moreimportant with increasing income. Yet blacks, particularly black women, don’tnecessarily buy into the slimisbetter philosophy.If there is greater acceptance of overweight among black women, it’s uncl earwhether it promotes their higherthanaverage rates of overweight or results fromthem. One thing is certain: this high prevalence of overweight among blacks isnot genetic. Obesity is not an issue for blacks native to Africa. The low householdincomes of many blacks living in the U.S. may play a major role in their high levelsof overweight. If you’re poor, you learn to eat foodsthat yield the greatest amountof energy for the lowest cost —that’s fat.Questions:1. How many Americans know that sodium may do harm to their health?2. What worries obesity researchers most?3. What happens to the Americans as popular culture prefers slimness?4. What have made many adults live under the pressure?5. Why do people eat more?6. What do white Americans consider slenderness?7. Which group of people do not believe in the slimisbetter philosophy?8. Which of the following is certain about thecause for high obesity rate amongblack Americans?C. Listen to the passage again and discuss the followingquestions.KeyA. Experts agree the key to healthy eating is thetimetested advice of balance,variety and moderation.In short, that means eating a wide variety offoodswithout getting too many calories or too much of any one nutrient. Here are sometips that can help you:●Eat a variety of nutrientrich foods.●Enjoy plenty of whole grains, fruits and vegetables.●Maintain a healthy weight.●Eat moderate portions.●Eat regular meals.●Reduce but not eliminate certain foods.●Balance your food choices over time.●Know your diet pitfalls.B. 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. CC.1. They know that eating immoderate quantities ofFrench fries and pizza canlead to overweight.2. People are eating more under stress because it’s a form of gratification.3.Americans live in the only country in the worldwhere pieeating contests areoldfashioned fun,and allyoucaneat restaurants dot the landscape.4. It is not genetic.5. Because they are poor and have to learn to eatfoods that yield the greatestamount of energyfor the lowest cost —that’s f at.D. 1. Overweight is on the rise, even as popular culturecontinues to celebrateslimness, to the pointof embracing fashion models as standardsoffemale beauty.2. Americans live in the only country in the worldwhere pieeating contests areoldfashioned fun,and allyoucaneat restaurants dot the landscape.3. Many obesity experts believe that culturalstandards of slenderness areprimarily embracedby white Americans, to whom slimnessbecomesmore important with increasing income.Yet blacks, particularly bl ackwomen, don’tnecessarily buy into the slimisbetterphilosophy.4. If you’re poor, you learn to eat foods thatyield the greatest amount ofenergy for thelowest cost —that’s fat.Part 4 NewsNews item 1Over60s to Double by 2050ScriptA. Listen to the news item and decide whether thefollowingstatements are true (T) or false (F).Then give a brief summary aboutthe news item.The World Health Organization says society worldwide will experience majorchanges, with 20 percent of the population older than 60. The report urgesgovernments to have policies that permit older people to participate more insociety.In , there were 50 million older adults in the Americas. That number isexpected to double by 2025. By the year 2050, 1in4 people in the Americas willbe over 60. Globally, 1in5 people will be over 60.The WHO report says that older people make many important contributions tofamilies and communities. It suggests that these contributions are greater than thecosts of providing elders with more health services.The report says societies need to adjust to an aging population. Communitiesneed to become friendlier to older people. This means improving security for theelders and preventing social isolation* and loneliness.Health systems need to better serve older people. Systems need to provide morelongterm care forconditions common in older age.Governments also need to develop longterm care systems that ensure peoplelive their later years with dignity*. The report says that especially women —whooften are the main caregivers for older family members — need more support andresources.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the followingsentences.KeyA.F 1. According to the WHO, 30 percent of the worldpopulation will get olderthan 60.T 2. By the year 2025, older adults in the Americas are expected to be 100million.F 3. The contributions that the elders make tofamilies and communities arealmost the sameas the costs of their health services..T 4. Communities need to better serve older people, be friendlier to them andpermit them toparticipate more in society.T 5. Women who are the main caregivers for elder family members should getmore support.This news item is about the necessity of havinglongterm care systems for thegrowing ageingpopulation worldwide.B. 1. Communities need to improve security for theelders and prevent socialisolation andloneliness.2. Governments should develop longterm caresystems to ensure peoplelive their later yearswith dignity.C. Health systems need to better serve older people.Systems need toprovide more longterm care for conditions common in older age.News item 2What Is “Social Jet Lag”?ScriptA. Listen to the news item and complete the followingoutline.Then give a brief summary about the newsitem.Do you often start your day feeling tired? Do you ever fall asleep at work? Doyou sometimes just feel out of it —as if your brain is still asleep, even though yourbody is awake?If you answered “yes” to any of these questions, you might be suffering fromwhat researchers call“social jet lag*.” And help might come from simply changingyour work hours.Till Roenneberg is a German chronobiologist. “Chrono” comes from the Greekroot word “chronos” and means “time.” So, a chronobiologist is a scientist thatstudies the states of being awake and being asleep.Till Roenneberg led researchers in a study at LudwigMaximilian University inMunich, Germany. They studied “social jet lag” among workers at a steel companyin Europe.Factory workers were given work times that matched their natural sleepinghabits. Supervisors did not force the socalled “night owls,” people who like to stayawake at night, to get up early for work. On the other hand, supervisors also didnot force early risers, sometimes called “larks,” to work late.Changing the schedules of the workers to fit their lifestyle improved their sen搜索引擎优化 f wellbeing, says Mr. Roenneberg.B. Listen to the news item again and complete thefollowing sentences.KeyA. A Study on “Social Jet Lag”The institution: LudwigMaximilian University in Munich, GermanyLeading researcher: Till RoennebergSubject of the research: Workers at a steel company in EuropeMethod: Factory workers were given work times that matched their naturalsleeping habits.Finding: Changing the schedules of the workers to fit their lifestyle improved theirsense ofwellbeing.This news item is about a way that could cure “social jet lag” — changing workschedule.B.1. “Social jet lag” is a feeling that a personusually has when he finds his bodyis awake andhis brain is asleep. Therefore he will say hefeels outof it.2. A person who likes to stay up late is called a“night owl”, while a personwho gets up earlyis called an early riser, or a “lark”.C. Do you often start your day feeling tired? Do youever fall asleep at work? Do you sometimes just feel out of it — as if your brain is still asleep, even though your body is awake?Section Three Oral WorkRetellingHollywood Totem PoleScriptListen to a story and then retell it in your own words. You willhear the story only once. You can write down some key words andphrases.Screenwriters, as Tom Schulman quickly learned, have long been the lowestmembers on the Hollywood totem* pole.“If I had any inclination to get a big head, the Oscars cured that,” he once recalled.“The presenter who gave me the award [for Dead Poets Society] was Jane Fonda. Shehad recently been in the news because she had started dating Ted Turner.Anyway, she handed me the Oscar and I made my little speech and we wenttogether into the pressroom where there was a small stage in front ofbleachers*filled with about 60 press members, who were supposed to ask the winner questions.Jane and I took the stage and she said, “I’d like to introduce you to Tom Schulman,who’s just won an Oscar for Best Original Screenplay. Do you have any questions?”There was a barrage* of questions. “Jane, what’s it like with Ted? Are you gettingmarried?”etc. And she said, “Come on, this isn’t my night, it’s Tom’s night. Pleasedirect your questions to him.”So there’s a lit tle pause and somebody says, “Tom,what’s it like getting an Oscar from Jane?What’s your thought —you think she’llmarry Ted?”. Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 PassageCancerScriptA. Listen to the passage and choose the best answerto each ofthe questions you will hear.Cancer is the general name for a large group of diseases. It occurs when cells inthe body grow and divide out of control.Our bodies are made up of millions of cells. Layers of cells form tissues. Normalcells grow, divide, and die in an orderly way. This process helps keep our bodieshealthy.Cancer cells grow and divide too quickly. The process usually starts whensomething damages the genetic structure (DNA*) inside the cells. Instead of dyingin an orderly way, cancer cells keep growing, lump together* and form an extramass of tissues. This mass is called a malignant* tumor. As a malignant tumorgrows, it damages nearby tissue. A malignant tumor can take a long time (up to 30years) or a short time (2 or 3 years) to cause symptoms.Cancer can begin in one part of the body and spread to others. This is calledmetastasis*. During metastasis, cancer cells travel through the body. In the newlocation, cancer cells create a new malignant tumor and grow out of control.Not all tumors are malignant. Some are benign, which means they aren’tcancerous. Benign tumors usually aren’t life threatening. They can usually beremoved and rarely come back.We’re not exactly sure what causes cancer. We don’t always know why oneperson gets it and another d oesn’t. However, we do know a lot about the riskfactors for cancer. The more we know about the risk factors, the more we can doto protect ourselves.Risk is a person’s chance of getting a disease over a certain period of time. Aperson’s risk factors make u p a person’s risk.A risk factor is anything that raises or lowers a person’s chance of getting adisease. You can control some of them, but not all of them. Risk factors for cancerinclude:● A lifestyle choice, like what a person eats;●An environmental exposure, like smoke from otherpeople’s cigarettes;●Genetic makeup or family history;●Another disease or medical problem.These things mix together with different effects on different people. Somepeople are more sensitive to risk factors than others. Just because you have oneor even several risk factors does not mean you will definitely get cancer. Andavoiding risk factors doesnot guarantee you will be healthy.Questions:1. What are our bodies made up of?2. When does the process of cancer cells growing and dividing start?3. What do cancer cells form instead of dying in an orderly way?4. How long can a malignant tumor take to cause symptoms?5. Where can cancer start at the beginning?6. What do cancer cells do during metastasis?7. How many risk factors for cancer do we know?8. What do risk factors mean to those people who have one or several riskfactors?B. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA.1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. CB. 1. Cancer occurs when cells in the body grow anddivide out of control.2. The process of normal cells helps keep ourbodies healthy.3. No, not all tumors are malignant. Benign tumorscan usually be removed andrarely come back.4. A risk factor is anything that raises or lowersa person’s c hance of getting adisease.5. Some people are more sensitive to risk factorsthan others. Just because youhave one or evenseveral risk factors does not mean you willdefinitely getcancer. And avoiding risk factorsdoes not guarantee you will be healthy.Part 2 VideoStudents Invent Water Purification DiscScriptWatch the video film and answer the questions.The lab operates like a kitchen. They add this ingredient and that, mixing,weighing, pressing and baking.What’s created is called a MadiDrop — a ceramic* disc infused* with silver.When dropped in water, silver ions are released to purify the water. And, testinghere at the University of Virginia shows clean, safe water. Beeta Ehdaie is a doctoralcandidate at UVA.。
Unit 7：lesson 1Unit 7：lesson 2Unit 7：lesson 3Unit 7：lesson 4编号： 4参考资料：1《新编英语语法教程》2《新视野大学英语综合训练》3《牛津双语词典》4《新视野大学英语教师用书》 (读写教程；视听说教程) (第三版) （第一册）Unit 1, Book OneSection A: Toward a brighter future for all1. Teaching Objectives:To know the meaning and usage of some important words, phrases and patterns To study Passage A and understand the main idea of the textTo understand the structure of the text and the devices for developing it To talk about college education2.Time Allotment:Section A (3 periods):1st---2nd period: Pre-reading activities ( theme-related questions for warming up;)While-reading activities (cultural notes; useful words and expressions;difficult sentences)3rd period: While-reading activities (text structure; main ideas)Post-reading activities (comprehension questions; exercises) Section B(1period):4th periods: Practice of the reading skill (reading for the key idea in a sentence);T checks on Ss’ home reading by asking questions based on the passage.T explains some difficult sentences3.Teaching Procedures:Pre-reading ActivitiesStep 1. GreetingsGreet the whole class warmly.Step 2. Lead-in and preparation for readingLet them talk to each other about the following questions:1. What is the ideal university like in your eyes?2. What are your expectations of your college life?3. What advice did your parents give you before you left for college?Step 3. Fast readingAsk the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen. Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure: ( structured writing ) The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1 (para.1-3) Opening part of the welcome speechPart 2 (para.4-7) Making the best of what you have.Challenging yourself.Facing new experiences.Opportunities and responsibilities.Part 3 (Para.8) Concluding remarks of the welcome speech.Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method:Read the text individually and talk in groups; Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physicalresponse method.Step 4. Preparation for details of the text on the screenStudents are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:Purpose: Train the Students’ ability of understandi ng and using foreign language.Method:Talk in groups, Use task-based language teaching method, communicative approach and total physical response method.1. (Para.1)pledge to do sth. 作保证，承诺China and the United states pledge to boost cooperation and exchange to ensure a better future for China-US ties.中美政府承诺将加强合作与交流以确保两国关系的未来更加美好。
英语听力教程4张民伦第三版听力原文1. 导言英语学习是现代社会中越来越重要的一门技能。
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我们需要了解教材是否具有针对性和实用性，能否真正帮助学习者提高听力水平。
我们还需要考察教材的组织结构和学习方式是否符合学习者的需求。
4. 内容分析在深入分析《英语听力教程4张民伦第三版听力原文》的内容时，我们可以看到这些听力原文涉及了丰富的话题，包括但不限于日常生活、文化交流、科技发展等方面的内容，为学习者提供了多样化的练习素材。
这些听力原文不仅包括了各种语速和口音，还包括了不同场景下的对话和讨论，能够更贴近学习者的实际需求。
5. 效果评估通过对《英语听力教程4张民伦第三版听力原文》的全面评估，我们可以看到这本教材在提高学习者听力水平方面具有显著的效果。
学习者可以通过反复练习这些听力原文，提高自己的听力理解能力，并且能够更好地适应不同场景下的听力要求。
教材的内容不仅涵盖了基础的语言应用，还包括了一些专业领域的内容，能够帮助学习者更全面地提高自己的听力水平。
6. 个人观点在我看来，《英语听力教程4张民伦第三版听力原文》是一本非常优秀的教材。
它不仅内容丰富多样，而且注重实际应用，能够真正帮助学习者提高听力水平。
教材的组织结构也非常合理，能够帮助学习者系统地提高自己的听力能力，因此我非常推荐这本教材。
Listen this way听力教程第三册-8Unit 8 The Sound of MusicPart I Getting readyA quiz game show is a type of radio or television programming genre in which contestants, television personalities or celebrities, sometimes as part of a team, play a game which involves answering questions or solving puzzles usually for money and/or prizes.A The following words will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. panel：a group of specialists who give their advice or opinion about something2. contender：a person who takes part in a competition or tries to win something3. nomination：the act of suggesting or choosing somebody as a candidate in an election, or for a job or an award4. cinematography：the art or process of making films5. score：the music written for a film/movie or play6. audition：take part in a practical test for performing applicants7. choreography：the arranging or inventing of dances, especially ballet8. pantomime：traditional Christmas musical show for children9. scherzo：a short, lively piece of music, that is often part ofa longer piece10. lyrics：the words of a songListen to the following radio quiz game. Who are those people on the panel? Supply the missing information.Now listen again. Put a mark beside each question. Put a tick if it is true. If it is false, put a cross. Finally write down who that person is.Audioscript::A - Announcer M - MaxineQ - Quizmaster L - LauraT-Tim D-David Radio Bristol. Ladies and gentlemen, it's time for "Alive or Dead?" our exciting quiz game about famous people alive or dead. Before I tell you the rules, let's meet our panel for tonight. From right to left we have that famous sportsman and racing driver, Tim Brown. T:. Evening everyone. Next to Tim, is that lovely star of the American cinema, who is now here in Bristol at the Opera House, Maxine Morgan. Hi there! Next we have novelist, David Walker. Good evening. And last but not least, composer and singer, Laura Dennison. Hello. So let's get with the game. I have the name of a famous person -- alive or dead -- in this envelope. The panel will try to guess who it is. But they can only ask questions which have a "yes" or "no" answer. Are we ready? Well, yes. Are you alive? No, I'm not. Now Maxine, let's have your question. You're not alive. So you are a famous person who is dead. Oh, I know. Are you a person in a book -- a fictional character -- somebody who isn't real? No, I'm not fictional. David, can we have your question? So you're a real, dead person? That's right, I am. Good, now we want to know where you come from. Are you British? No, I'mnot British. Are you from Europe? No, I'm not. T: Are you Australian? No, Tim, I'm not. I'm not Australian. Oh, then I know, you're American. You're a real American person, but you're dead. Now let me think. Ah, yes, are you a writer of any sort? No, I'm not. Are you anything to do with peace, you know someone like Martin Luther King? A good guess, Laura, but I'm nothing to do with peace. Well, that's a difficult one, really. I think the answer is half "Yes" and half "No". No, I'll say "No". T: Mm, funny, half "Yes", half "No", but finally "No". Well, well, are you famous as an entertainer of any sort, you know a film star, or pop singer, or an actor, you know what I mean? Ask one question at a time, Tim, please. The answer to your question is "No". I've got it, I've got the answer. I know, I'm right. Careful now, Maxine. Say the wrong answer and I win the game. Are you sure you know who I am? Yes, you're dead, you're famous, you're American, you are sort of famous for peace work. You're not an entertainer -- you're not an American film star. I don't think you were famous as a soldier. I think you were a politician, I think you died in 1963.1 think you were married to a very beautiful woman (I)think you are very close, Maxine. I think you are almost there.I think you once went to Berlin. I think you are President JohnKennedy, President of the United States of America. And congratulations to you and the panel, Maxine. Yes, you are right, the name of the famous person in my envelope is President Kennedy, born in 1917 and died in 1963, on November 22nd to be exact. Now for my next famous person ...Part II Slumdog MillionaireSlumdog Millionaire is a 2000 British drama film. Set and filmed in India, the film tells the story of Jamal Malik, a young man from the Juhu slums of Mumbai who appears on the Indian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and exceeds people's expectations, thereby arousing the suspicions of cheating. It was widely acclaimed, being praised for its plot, soundtrack and directing. It was nominated for 10 Academy Awards in 2009, winning eight, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay.A Listen to the first news report broadcasted when Slumdog Millionaire won 10 Academy Awardnominations. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then complete the storyline of the movie.Audioscript:One of the strongest contenders for the Best Picture Oscar this year is Slumdog Millionaire.Set in Mumbai, India, it is a story about destiny. Jamal Malik, a young man from the slums, becomes a contestant on the Indian reality show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Based on its American equivalent, the Indian show offers 20 million rupees ($400 000) to the winner.Few expected this independent production directed by filmmaker Danny Boyle to make it to the Oscars. But Slumdog is no longer an underdog. It has won viewers' hearts and gained critical acclaim. With ten Academy Award nominations, it is a serious Oscar contender. (Movie) Host: Jamal Malik, you 're absolutely right!Jamal Malik is not knowledgeable. He just happens to know the answers to the specific questions he's been asked. Each question is somehow related to an event that has defined his life.With their mother dead, Jamal and his brother Salim begin to steal, trade and sleep wherever they can to survive.But the defining moment in Jamal's life is when an orphan girl named Latika tags along with them.Latika is taken by gangsters and Jamal will not rest until he sees her again.Years later, as a young adult, he finds her at a gangster's house. She is locked up, and her only pastime is the Indian TV show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Jamal gets on the show so she can watch him. (Movie) Two of the musketeers are called Athos and Porthos. What was the name of the third musketeer? Danny: I'd like to phone a friend. Host: Here we go. Latika: Hello.Latika answers the phone. When they were kids, she was the third musketeer. Jamal and Salim were Athos and Porthos.Director Danny Boyle's love story is influenced by Bollywood where everything is extreme.Like most Indian films, Slumdog Millionaire offers upall-consuming passion, tear-jerking drama and a happyending. The film's dynamic music and vivid colors enhance the emotions. Its fairytale quality does not undermine Danny Boyle's gritty look at today's India, a country of extremes itself. (Movie) Danny: Latika.Slumdog Millionaire's exuberance is contagious. We leave the theater love-struck, exhilarated.And, as in Jamal's case, we can't help but root for the Oscar nominee regardless of the odds.Now listen to the second news report broadcasted on the day when Slumdog Millionaire finally earned 8 Oscars. After listening, match the awards with the corresponding names.Audioscript:Slumdog Millionaire was expected to win big. And, it did, earning Oscars for its cinematography, film editing, sound mixing, and bringing two of the golden statuettes to composer A. R. Rahman for his score and an original song.Steven Spielberg announced the top award of the evening."And, the Oscar goes to Slumdog Millionaire, Christian Colson, producer."The man behind the movie, Danny Boyle, was named best director.Slumdog Millionaire was a collaboration between the British filmmaker, an Indian cast and crew and a Hollywood distributor. Backstage, Boyle said joint efforts like this will become more common."You know, there's all sorts of people gonna work there. These things are gonna come together. The world's shrinking a bit in a ... in a wonderful way and it will benefit from it because, in ... in culture, fusion is a wonderful thing."The film is set in the slums of Mumbai and features two professional actors with a cast of unknown youngsters from the Mumbai slums. Young cast members came to Hollywood for the Oscars.The story revolves around a teenager who hopes to win riches on a quiz show. Writer Simon Beaufoy, who won an Oscar for his adapted screenplay, says the story is appropriate in a recession."A film comes out that is ostensibly about being a millionaire, and actually what it's about is, it's a film that says there aremore important things than money. There's love and faith and your family, and that struck a chord with people, I think, right now."Part III Karen Kain -- a CanadianballerinaThe beautiful prima ballerina of the National Ballet of Canada, Karen Kain, was for five years the partner of Rudolph Nureyev and has danced most of the major classical ballet roles all over the world, since her debut in the demanding role of Odile/Odette in Swan Lake at the age of nineteen. She was born in Hamilton, Ontario, not far from Toronto, the home of the National Ballet of Canada. She and her husband now live in Cabbagetown, one of the oldest districts in central Toronto.In this section, you are going to hear an interview during which Karen Kain, a Canadian ballerina, talks about her work and how she first became interested in the ballet. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left column. After the second listening, answer the questions.Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the interview and then do the multiple choice.Audioscript: Well, I actually saw Celia Franka dance, and now she founded the National Ballet of Canada. And she was dancing in my hometown -- Giselle, and I was taken for my birthday, and I saw her dance, (I) fell in love with it, and I started taking ballet lessons, and then at one point ... I think it was around ten ... my teacher said that I should audition for the National Ballet School, which is a full-time academic and ballet training facility here in Toronto. It's one of... I think it's the only one in North America. I mean, it's the same set-up as the Paris Opera, the Bolshoi, the Leningrad ... you know, that they have the school affiliated with the Company. And you take all your academic training as well as your dance training. So she told me that I should audition for that, and I did. And when I was eleven years old I went to the ballet school for seven years till I was eighteen, graduated from high school and I joined the National Ballet. Now you were married fairly recently, weren't you? It'll be three years next month, yes. Is touring and so forth hard on married life? I believe your husband's an actor, isn't he? Yes, he is. So you'reprobably both away quite a lot. We've been very fortunate. We've managed to stay together most of the time. The longest we were separated was when I was on tour with the National Ballet in Europe last spring, and I was gone for six weeks, and he was making a television series and he was in Australia for six weeks. So we have been separated a few times, but most of the time we manage to be together.We've just been very fortunate. Throughout the year ... how much time do you have off away from the dance? Very little. I'm trying to make sure that I get one week in June this year, because I have not had more than two days free since a year ago January. So I've been working very very hard, and I feel that I really need one week free, you know. Tom Boyd: How long can a ballerina go on before she should start thinking of retiring? I hope that I have another ten years at the most to dance. Tom Boyd: What would you do after that? Would you leave the ballet completely or go into teaching, or choreography? I don't think choreography, I don't think I have any talent in ... you know ... I have no desire, no talent. I like to teach, I like to coach young dancers. I don't think I would leave the ballet world entirely, but I may try something else. You never know. I'm interested in otherthings and I have done some sorts of musical comedy work, and I've enjoyed it very much -- just to expand myself a little and to look around. And this Christmas again I'll be playing Cinderella in an English pantomime -- which is great fun for me. I really have fun and it's not serious dancing, you know, and I get to speak and act and everything. So I don't know. I would also like to have a family, so I have lots of things that I may do.Part IV More about the topic:Beethoven VBeethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers. His best known compositions include 9 symphnies, 5 concertos for piano, 32 piano sonatas, and 16 string quartets. The Symphony No. 5 in C minor was written in 1804 - 1808. It is one of the most frequently played symphonies.Listen to the recording. Learn to appreciate Beethoven's Fifth Symphony with the speakers. While listening, complete the following outline.Audioscript:"" The most famous four-note sequence in music, instantly recognizable to us today as Beethoven's Fifth and full of associations. Fate knocking at the door. "V" for victory. But how must it have sounded to that original audience? Beethoven presented it as pure music. No clue to its significance or meaning. Well, Beethoven, as a personality, was so tricky and so uncouth in so many ways, and had such a difficult, troubled childhood, that the adult that gave us some of these pieces was a man so often at odds with the world around him. Born in poverty in the German town of Bonn, he was bullied as a child by his alcoholic father and in his 20s realized he was going deaf, surely the crudest of tragedies for a musician. But Beethoven was a man with a will of iron, and, in the Fifth, he harnesses the power of the orchestra to an insistent propulsive rhythm, forcing the symphony to articulate the profoundest personal drama. Host: The story of a soul struggling against implacable fateand emerging incandescently victorious. One of the great contrasts available to a composer are the contrasts of darkness and lightness. And in his Fifth Symphony, builds up from hesitant darkness into the radiant blaze of optimism, confidence, whatever. Now he does this through the simplest of means. At the end of the third movement, which is the rather shadowy, dark scherzo, his plan is to burst us into the light without stopping. Now he does this by making the orchestra play as quietly as it can, all the strings just plucking very, very quietly. Then comes the heartbeat of the drum, very, very quiet and distant and the strings just moving up and down, uncertain about which way they're going to go. And then suddenly, very quickly, the whole orchestra comes in, and, without stopping, we burst into the final movement. This is in the major key. Lights full on, after lights hardly on at all. The symphony is a masterpiece of storytelling without words. When the French Revolution erupted, Beethoven was a teenager, struggling to support his family after the death of their mother, and the concept of individual liberty became a lifelong issue. And we, the listeners, are compelled to share his battle against fate. Although Beethoven wanted to write something that was comprehensible at first hearing, hewasn't writing simply to give pleasure. He wanted it to be a potentially life-changing experience, music that would resonate in the mind long after the last note had sounded.Part V Do you know ...?What is a musical? According to one definition, it is a stage, television or film production utilizing popular-style songs and dialogue to either tell a story and/or showcase the talents of varied performers. Musicals are not just written -- they are collaborative creations that are put together piece by piece. Then what is the Broadway musical? When was it born?A Spot dictation. Listen to a passage about the birth of the Broadway musical. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear.Audioscript:Most scholars believe that The Black Crook in 1866 marked the beginning of the musical comedy, integrating music, dance and comedy, with an emphasis on beautiful women and spectacular scenery. But it was during World War Oneand after, that the musical developed as a uniquely American idiom. Song-and-dance man George M. Cohan exploited Americans' sense of patriotism, moving away from European influences. In the 1920s. songwriters who include Jerome Kern, George and Ira Gershwin, Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, brought the musical to maturity with their meticulous crafting of music and lyrics to create the American popular song.The modern musical was born in 1943 with Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma, which revolutionized the way dance, music and dialogue were used to develop the plot and characters. Other songwriters of the 1940s, 50s and 60s capitalized on that winning formula to write so many hit musicals, that that era is now referred to as "Broadway's Golden Age." Since then, American musicals have been translated and produced on stages all over the world. The music has become a mainstay among vocalists and jazz musicians, making clear the expression that the music of Broadway is truly "America's classic music."Foreigners call Americans Yankees. Southerners say that Yankees are Northerners. Northerners say that Yankeesare from the New England states. People in New England say it is the Vermonters who are Yankees. Vermonters reply that a Yankee is just someone who eats pie for breakfast. It seems that the origin of this term defies detection.B1 Listen to the passage. Focus on what the word "Yankee" refers to at different times. Supply the missing information. B2 Now listen to the passage again. Complete the summary.Our question this week asks about the song Yankee Doodle. To explain, we must go back more than 200 years. The American colonies had not yet won independence from England. The British used the word "Yankee" to describe colonists in the northeast part of America. That area was known as New England. After the War for Independence, the British used the word to mean all Americans. And during both World Wars American soldiers were known as Yankees or just Yanks.That was the song Yankee Doodle. History experts do not know exactly when it was written. Some research shows the date may have been during the 1750s. Many storiessay a British army doctor wrote the song when England was fighting the French and the Indians in North America. There is little confirmation of these stories. We do know, however, that Yankee Doodle was sung by the British to make the colonial people of North America look foolish. And we know the song became popular among the colonists themselves. Many knew at least some of the words.The British continued to use the song to make Yankees look foolish until the early days of the War for Independence in the 1770s. Stories say, British soldiers marching out of the city of Boston stepped in time to the music of Yankee Doodle. Those same soldiers were defeated by colonial troops at the town of Concord singing the same song. Since then, Yankee Doodle has been a song that represents the United States.Part VII Watch and enjoyMagic is a performing art that entertains audiences by staging tricks or creating illusions of seemingly impossible or supernatural feats using natural means.These feats are called magic tricks, effects, or illusions. A professional who performs such illusions is called a magician or an illusionist. Watch the video clip from the movie Illusionist. After watching, answer the following questions.Videoscript:Announcer：Life and death, space and time, fate and chance. These are the forces of the universe. Tonight, ladies and gentleman, I present to you a man who has unlocked these mysteries. From the furthest cornersof the world where the dark arts still hold sway, hereturns to us to demonstrate how nature's laws maybe bent. I give you ... Eisenheim.Eisenheim：Might I borrow a handkerchief from someone?You, Madam. Thank you. Ah, be patient. Now, if youplease, I would like to continue with an examinationof time. From the moment we enter this life we are in the flow of it. We measure it and we mark it but wecannot defy it. We cannot even speed it up or slow it down. Or can we? Have we not each experienced asensation that a beautiful moment seemed to pass_ too quickly? And wished that we could make it linger?Or felt time slow on a dull day and wished that wecould speed things up a bit? I assure you, they'requite real. Audience: Is it real?Eisenheim：And you, Madam, where is yourhandkerchief? Audience: Bravo! Very good.。
Listen this way听力教程第三册-8Unit 8 The Sound of MusicPart I Getting readyA quiz game show is a type of radio or television programming genre in which contestants, television personalities or celebrities, sometimes as part of a team, play a game which involves answering questions or solving puzzles usually for money and/or prizes.A The following words will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. panel：a group of specialists who give their advice or opinion about something2. contender：a person who takes part in a competition or tries to win something3. nomination：the act of suggesting or choosing somebody as a candidate in an election, or for a job or an award4. cinematography：the art or process of making films5. score：the music written for a film/movie or play6. audition：take part in a practical test for performing applicants7. choreography：the arranging or inventing of dances, especially ballet8. pantomime：traditional Christmas musical show for children9. scherzo：a short, lively piece of music, that is often part of a longer piece10. lyrics：the words of a songListen to the following radio quiz game. Who are those people on the panel? Supply the missing information.Now listen again. Put a mark beside each question. Put a tick if it is true. If it is false, put a cross. Finally write down who that person is. Audioscript::A - Announcer M - MaxineQ - Quizmaster L - LauraT-Tim D-David Radio Bristol. Ladies and gentlemen, it's time for "Alive or Dead?" our exciting quiz game about famous people alive or dead. Before I tell you the rules, let's meet our panel for tonight. From right to left we have that famous sportsman and racing driver, TimBrown. T:. Evening everyone. Next to Tim, is that lovely star of the American cinema, who is now here in Bristol at the Opera House, Maxine Morgan. Hi there! Next we have novelist, David Walker. Good evening. And last but not least, composer and singer, Laura Dennison. Hello. So let's get with the game. I have the name of a famous person -- alive or dead -- in this envelope. The panel will try to guess who it is. But they can only ask questions which have a "yes" or "no" answer. Are we ready? Well, yes. Are you alive? No, I'm not. Now Maxine, let's have your question. You're not alive. So you are a famous person who is dead. Oh, I know. Are you a person in a book -- a fictional character -- somebody who isn't real? No, I'm not fictional. David, can we have your question? So you're a real, dead person? That's right, I am. Good, now we want to know where you come from. Are you British? No, I'm not British. Are you from Europe? No, I'm not. T: Are you Australian? No, Tim, I'm not. I'm not Australian. Oh, then I know, you're American. You're a real American person, but you're dead. Now let me think. Ah, yes, are you a writer of any sort? No, I'm not. Are you anything to do with peace, you know someone like Martin Luther King? A good guess, Laura, but I'm nothing to do with peace. Well, that's a difficult one, really. I think the answer is half "Yes" and half "No". No, I'll say "No". T: Mm, funny, half "Yes", half "No", but finally "No". Well, well, are you famous as an entertainer of any sort, you know a film star, or popsinger, or an actor, you know what I mean? Ask one question at a time, Tim, please. The answer to your question is "No". I've got it, I've got the answer. I know, I'm right. Careful now, Maxine. Say the wrong answer and I win the game. Are you sure you know who I am? Yes, you're dead, you're famous, you're American, you are sort of famous for peace work. You're not an entertainer -- you're not an American film star. I don't think you were famous as a soldier. I think you were a politician, I think you died in 1963.1 think you were married to a very beautiful woman ... I think you are very close, Maxine. I think you are almost there. I think you once went to Berlin. I think you are President John Kennedy, President of the United States of America. And congratulations to you and the panel, Maxine. Yes, you are right, the name of the famous person in my envelope is President Kennedy, born in 1917 and died in 1963, on November 22nd to be exact. Now for my next famous person ...Part II Slumdog MillionaireSlumdog Millionaire is a 2000 British drama film. Set and filmed in India, the film tells the story of Jamal Malik, a young man from the Juhu slums of Mumbai who appears on the Indian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and exceeds people's expectations, thereby arousing the suspicions of cheating. It was widelyacclaimed, being praised for its plot, soundtrack and directing. It was nominated for 10 Academy Awards in 2009, winning eight, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay.A Listen to the first news report broadcasted when Slumdog Millionaire won 10 Academy Award nominations. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then complete the storyline of the movie.Audioscript:One of the strongest contenders for the Best Picture Oscar this year is Slumdog Millionaire.Set in Mumbai, India, it is a story about destiny. Jamal Malik, a young man from the slums, becomes a contestant on the Indian reality show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Based on its American equivalent, the Indian show offers 20 million rupees ($400 000) to the winner.Few expected this independent production directed by filmmaker Danny Boyle to make it to the Oscars. But Slumdog is no longer an underdog. It has won viewers' hearts and gained critical acclaim. With ten Academy Award nominations, it is a serious Oscar contender. (Movie) Host: Jamal Malik, you 're absolutely right!Jamal Malik is not knowledgeable. He just happens to know the answers to the specific questions he's been asked. Each question is somehow related to an event that has defined his life.With their mother dead, Jamal and his brother Salim begin to steal, trade and sleep wherever they can to survive.But the defining moment in Jamal's life is when an orphan girl named Latika tags along with them.Latika is taken by gangsters and Jamal will not rest until he sees her again.Years later, as a young adult, he finds her at a gangster's house. She is locked up, and her only pastime is the Indian TV show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Jamal gets on the show so she can watch him. (Movie) Two of the musketeers are called Athos and Porthos. What was the name of the third musketeer? Danny: I'd like to phone a friend. Host: Here we go. Latika: Hello.Latika answers the phone. When they were kids, she was the third musketeer. Jamal and Salim were Athos and Porthos.Director Danny Boyle's love story is influenced by Bollywood where everything is extreme.Like most Indian films, Slumdog Millionaire offers up all-consuming passion, tear-jerking drama and a happy ending. The film's dynamic music and vivid colors enhance the emotions. Its fairytale quality does not undermine Danny Boyle's gritty look at today's India, a country of extremes itself. (Movie) Danny: Latika.Slumdog Millionaire's exuberance is contagious. We leave the theater love-struck, exhilarated.And, as in Jamal's case, we can't help but root for the Oscar nominee regardless of the odds.Now listen to the second news report broadcasted on the day when Slumdog Millionaire finally earned 8 Oscars. After listening, match the awards with the corresponding names.Audioscript:Slumdog Millionaire was expected to win big. And, it did, earning Oscars for its cinematography, film editing, sound mixing, and bringing two of the golden statuettes to composer A. R. Rahman for his score and an original song.Steven Spielberg announced the top award of the evening."And, the Oscar goes to Slumdog Millionaire, Christian Colson, producer."The man behind the movie, Danny Boyle, was named best director. Slumdog Millionaire was a collaboration between the British filmmaker, an Indian cast and crew and a Hollywood distributor. Backstage, Boyle said joint efforts like this will become more common."You know, there's all sorts of people gonna work there. These things are gonna come together. The world's shrinking a bit in a ... in a wonderful way and it will benefit from it because, in ... in culture, fusion is a wonderful thing."The film is set in the slums of Mumbai and features two professional actors with a cast of unknown youngsters from the Mumbai slums. Young cast members came to Hollywood for the Oscars.The story revolves around a teenager who hopes to win riches on a quiz show. Writer Simon Beaufoy, who won an Oscar for his adapted screenplay, says the story is appropriate in a recession."A film comes out that is ostensibly about being a millionaire, and actually what it's about is, it's a film that says there are more importantthings than money. There's love and faith and your family, and that struck a chord with people, I think, right now."Part III Karen Kain -- a Canadian ballerina The beautiful prima ballerina of the National Ballet of Canada, Karen Kain, was for five years the partner of Rudolph Nureyev and has danced most of the major classical ballet roles all over the world, since her debut in the demanding role of Odile/Odette in Swan Lake at the age of nineteen. She was born in Hamilton, Ontario, not far from Toronto, the home of the National Ballet of Canada. She and her husband now live in Cabbagetown, one of the oldest districts in central Toronto.In this section, you are going to hear an interview during which Karen Kain, a Canadian ballerina, talks about her work and how she first became interested in the ballet. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left column. After the second listening, answer the questions.Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the interview and then do the multiple choice.Audioscript: Well, I actually saw Celia Franka dance, and now she founded the National Ballet of Canada. And she was dancing in myhometown -- Giselle, and I was taken for my birthday, and I saw her dance, (I) fell in love with it, and I started taking ballet lessons, and then at one point ... I think it was around ten ... my teacher said that I should audition for the National Ballet School, which is a full-time academic and ballet training facility here in Toronto. It's one of... I think it's the only one in North America. I mean, it's the same set-up as the Paris Opera, the Bolshoi, the Leningrad ... you know, that they have the school affiliated with the Company. And you take all your academic training as well as your dance training. So she told me that I should audition for that, and I did. And when I was eleven years old I went to the ballet school for seven years till I was eighteen, graduated from high school and I joined the National Ballet. Now you were married fairly recently, weren't you? It'll be three years next month, yes. Is touring and so forth hard on married life? I believe your husband's an actor, isn't he? Yes, he is. So you're probably both away quite a lot. We've been very fortunate. We've managed to stay together most of the time. The longest we were separated was when I was on tour with the National Ballet in Europe last spring, and I was gone for six weeks, and he was making a television series and he was in Australia for six weeks. So we have been separated a few times, but most of the time we manage to be together. We've just been very fortunate. Throughout the year ... how much time do you have off away from the dance? Very little. I'm trying to makesure that I get one week in June this year, because I have not had more than two days free since a year ago January. So I've been working very very hard, and I feel that I really need one week free, you know. Tom Boyd: How long can a ballerina go on before she should start thinking of retiring? I hope that I have another ten years at the most to dance. Tom Boyd: What would you do after that? Would you leave the ballet completely or go into teaching, or choreography? I don't think choreography, I don't think I have any talent in ... you know ... I have no desire, no talent. I like to teach, I like to coach young dancers. I don't think I would leave the ballet world entirely, but I may try something else. You never know. I'm interested in other things and I have done some sorts of musical comedy work, and I've enjoyed it very much -- just to expand myself a little and to look around. And this Christmas again I'll be playing Cinderella in an English pantomime -- which is great fun for me. I really have fun and it's not serious dancing, you know, and I get to speak and act and everything. So I don't know. I would also like to have a family, so I have lots of things that I may do.Part IV More about the topic:Beethoven VBeethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Westernart music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers. His best known compositions include 9 symphnies, 5 concertos for piano, 32 piano sonatas, and 16 string quartets. The Symphony No. 5 in C minor was written in 1804 - 1808. It is one of the most frequently played symphonies.Listen to the recording. Learn to appreciate Beethoven's Fifth Symphony with the speakers. While listening, complete the following outline.Audioscript:"" The most famous four-note sequence in music, instantly recognizable to us today as Beethoven's Fifth and full of associations. Fate knocking at the door. "V" for victory. But how must it have sounded to that original audience? Beethoven presented it as pure music. No clue to its significance or meaning. Well, Beethoven, as a personality, was so tricky and so uncouth in so many ways, and had such a difficult, troubled childhood, that the adult that gave us some of these pieces was a man so often at odds with the world around him. Born in poverty in the German town of Bonn, he was bullied as a child by his alcoholic father and in his 20s realized he was going deaf, surely the crudest of tragedies for a musician. But Beethoven was a man with a will of iron, and, in the Fifth, he harnesses the power of the orchestra to an insistentpropulsive rhythm, forcing the symphony to articulate the profoundest personal drama. Host: The story of a soul struggling against implacable fate and emerging incandescently victorious. One of the great contrasts available to a composer are the contrasts of darkness and lightness. And in his Fifth Symphony, builds up from hesitant darkness into the radiant blaze of optimism, confidence, whatever. Now he does this through the simplest of means. At the end of the third movement, which is the rather shadowy, dark scherzo, his plan is to burst us into the light without stopping. Now he does this by making the orchestra play as quietly as it can, all the strings just plucking very, very quietly. Then comes the heartbeat of the drum, very, very quiet and distant and the strings just moving up and down, uncertain about which way they're going to go. And then suddenly, very quickly, the whole orchestra comes in, and, without stopping, we burst into the final movement. This is in the major key. Lights full on, after lights hardly on at all. The symphony is a masterpiece of storytelling without words. When the French Revolution erupted, Beethoven was a teenager, struggling to support his family after the death of their mother, and the concept of individual liberty became a lifelong issue. And we, the listeners, are compelled to share his battle against fate. Although Beethoven wanted to write something that was comprehensible at first hearing, he wasn't writing simply to give pleasure. He wanted it to be a potentially life-changing experience,music that would resonate in the mind long after the last note had sounded.Part V Do you know ...?What is a musical? According to one definition, it is a stage, television or film production utilizing popular-style songs and dialogue to either tell a story and/or showcase the talents of varied performers. Musicals are not just written -- they are collaborative creations that are put together piece by piece. Then what is the Broadway musical? When was it born?A Spot dictation. Listen to a passage about the birth of the Broadway musical. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear. Audioscript:Most scholars believe that The Black Crook in 1866 marked the beginning of the musical comedy, integrating music, dance and comedy, with an emphasis on beautiful women and spectacular scenery. But it was during World War One and after, that the musical developed as a uniquely American idiom. Song-and-dance man George M. Cohan exploited Americans' sense of patriotism, moving away from European influences. In the 1920s. songwriters who include Jerome Kern, George and Ira Gershwin, Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, broughtthe musical to maturity with their meticulous crafting of music and lyrics to create the American popular song.The modern musical was born in 1943 with Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma, which revolutionized the way dance, music and dialogue were used to develop the plot and characters. Other songwriters of the 1940s, 50s and 60s capitalized on that winning formula to write so many hit musicals, that that era is now referred to as "Broadway's Golden Age." Since then, American musicals have been translated and produced on stages all over the world. The music has become a mainstay among vocalists and jazz musicians, making clear the expression that the music of Broadway is truly "America's classic music."Foreigners call Americans Yankees. Southerners say that Yankees are Northerners. Northerners say that Yankees are from the New England states. People in New England say it is the Vermonters who are Yankees. Vermonters reply that a Yankee is just someone who eats pie for breakfast. It seems that the origin of this term defies detection.B1 Listen to the passage. Focus on what the word "Yankee" refers to at different times. Supply the missing information. B2 Now listen to the passage again. Complete the summary.Our question this week asks about the song Yankee Doodle. To explain, we must go back more than 200 years. The American colonies had not yet won independence from England. The British used the word "Yankee" to describe colonists in the northeast part of America. That area was known as New England. After the War for Independence, the British used the word to mean all Americans. And during both World Wars American soldiers were known as Yankees or just Yanks.That was the song Yankee Doodle. History experts do not know exactly when it was written. Some research shows the date may have been during the 1750s. Many stories say a British army doctor wrote the song when England was fighting the French and the Indians in North America. There is little confirmation of these stories. We do know, however, that Yankee Doodle was sung by the British to make the colonial people of North America look foolish. And we know the song became popular among the colonists themselves. Many knew at least some of the words.The British continued to use the song to make Yankees look foolish until the early days of the War for Independence in the 1770s. Stories say, British soldiers marching out of the city of Boston stepped in time to the music of Yankee Doodle. Those same soldierswere defeated by colonial troops at the town of Concord singing the same song. Since then, Yankee Doodle has been a song that represents the United States.Part VII Watch and enjoyMagic is a performing art that entertains audiences by staging tricks or creating illusions of seemingly impossible or supernatural feats using natural means. These feats are called magic tricks, effects, or illusions. A professional who performs such illusions is called a magician or an illusionist. Watch the video clip from the movie Illusionist. After watching, answer the following questions. Videoscript:Announcer：Life and death, space and time, fate and chance. These are the forces of the universe. Tonight, ladies and gentleman, I present to you a man who has unlocked these mysteries. From the furthest corners of the world where the dark arts still hold sway, he returns to us to demonstrate how nature's laws maybe bent. I give you ... Eisenheim.Eisenheim：Might I borrow a handkerchief from someone? You, Madam. Thank you. Ah, be patient. Now, if you please, Iwould like to continue with an examination of time. From themoment we enter this life we are in the flow of it. We measure it and we mark it but we cannot defy it. We cannot even speed it up or slow it down. Or can we? Have we not eachexperienced a sensation that a beautiful moment seemed topass too quickly? And wished that we could make it linger? Or felt time slow on a dull day and wished that we could speedthings up a bit? I assure you, they're quite real. Audience: Is it real?Eisenheim：And you, Madam, where is your handkerchief?Audience: Bravo! Very good.。
英语听力教程第三版张民伦主编U n i t H a v e a N i c e T r i听力原文SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#Listen this way 听力教程第三册-4Unit 4 Have a Nice Trip Part I Getting ready Audioscript: ★ Australia is the world's largest island and its smallest continent. Its total area of 3 000 000 square miles is about the same as that of the continental United States (excluding Alaska).★ The area of Nepal is about 54 000 square miles. Within its borders are five of the world's highest peaks.★ Switzerland is a small, landlocked country, 15 944 square miles in area. It's bordered by France, Austria, and Italy.★ More than 20 000 000 people live in Argentine. About 97 percent are of European stock. Most Argentines live on the eastern plains. Fewer than 19% live in the dry western and northwestern provinces.★ Austria is 32 376 square miles in area. This makes it twice the size of neighboring Switzerland. There are about 7 150 000 people living in Austria. More than one third of the people live in or near Vienna, the capital city.★ Colombia is the only country in South America with a coastline on both sides of the continent. It is a big country with an area of 439 828 square miles and about 16 300 000 persons live in Colombia.★ Saudi Arabia's area is estimated to be about 830 000 square miles. Almost all of Saudi Arabia's 7 000 000 people are Arabs. Today Saudi Arabia's vast oil resources are paying for the modernization of the country. Conditions there are changing more rapidly than they have for centuries.★ Denmark proper has an area of only 16 575 square miles. It is the smallest of the Scandinavian countries -- Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. ButDenmark's population of over 4 600 000 is greater thanthat of Norway and more than half that of Sweden.Part II CanadaAudioscript:Thank you for calling the Daily News Information line on Canada.Canada is a huge country, second in size only to the former Soviet Union. Yet it has only 26 million people, which is less than half the population of the United Kingdom. It extends from the Great Lakes in the south to the majestic Rocky Mountains in the west, and the bleak Arctic Islands in the far north. A third of the country is covered by forest and there are also vast grasslands and countless lakes and rivers.There are great variations in climate. Winters are extremely cold except in Vancouver which has a milder climate owing to its location on the west coast, so take a heavy overcoat and a fur hat. Canadian summers are warm on the whole, especially inland, so you'll only need lightweight clothing.A quarter of all Canadians, mainly those living in the province of Quebec in the east, speak French as their first language. In addition, there are half a million American Indians, a million Germans and smaller numbers of Italians, Ukranians and Inuit. Canada has two official languages: English and French, except in the province of Quebec where French alone is the official language.You'll find English spoken virtually everywhere apart from Quebec and if you plan to visit Quebec City, you'll definitely need a French phrasebook if you don't speak French.Eating out is a pleasure in Canada and you'll find restaurants, coffee shops and snack bars to suit every pocket. Menus offer a wide choice with excellent seafood like Pacific salmon, lobsters and clams, meat dishes including moose steaks and beefsteaks, and also a range of ethnic foods. For the sweet course, thespecialty/speciality is waffles, a kind of thick pancake, served with maple syrup. Beer is good but foreign wines, even those from neighboring America, tend to be quite dear and local wines are not particularly good.Canada has some of the world's most modern shopping centers. Clothes tend to be slightly expensive by European standards but there are some bargains to be had. Good buys include moccasins, a kind of soft leather shoe made by Indians, woolen gloves and sweaters, wood carvings, leather goods and maple syrup, of course.The unit of currency is the Canadian dollar. Banking hours are from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Monday to Thursday and till later on Fridays.Have a good trip, and thank you for calling the information line.Part III Travelling aroundAustraliaAudioscript:Nancy: Oh, David, hi! You know, I've been meaning to talk to you. I'm planning a trip to Australia, and Iwonder if you could give me some advice.David: Sure! What... what do you want to knowNancy: Well, I thought I'd start my trip in Sydney. What should I see thereDavid: Well, the most important thing to see, of course, is the harbor, which is the most beautiful in theworld.Nancy: Oh, right. Do they have boat tripsDavid: Yeah, of course, they do. They have wonderful boat trips! The one ... the one that I recommendparticularly is ... is a trip around Have a NiceTrip the harbor in an old sailing ship.Nancy: Oh, that sounds like lots of fun!David: Yeah. And, of course, then there's the Sydney Opera House, which ... which everyone knows about.And, uh, you can see ... see wonderful thingsthere ... concerts and opera and theater.Nancy: Oh, I definitely want to go there! Now what about places to stay Can you recommend some placeinexpensiveDavid: Yeah, let me see ... Probably, of course, you knowI don't stay in these places, but probably themost inexpensive place would be ... would be abackpacker's hotel. There are lots of those. Nancy: OK, thanks. That sounds good. Uh, where should I go after SydneyDavid: After Sydney, let's see ... I'd recommend that you travel up the coast to the Great Barrier Reef,which is in North Queensland.Nancy: Right. I've heard a lot about it! But what is there to do thereDavid: Well, you can go scuba diving and see the coral reef and the tropical fish up close ...Nancy: You know I don't like to get wet.David: Well, there ... there're always ... always these glass-bottom boats you can ... you can travel on.They're ... they're fabulous! Yeah, and, uh,there're ... there are literally hundreds ofislands you can explore.Nancy: Wow! And are there places to stayDavid: Yeah, sure. If you want to spend lots of money, you can stay at one of these fabulous resorthotels or, if you want to ... want to do it on thecheap, you can ... you can go to a guesthouse,which are much cheaper.Nancy: Right. That sounds good. Well, what nextDavid: Next, well, I guess you should ... should go inland to ... to Ayers Rock in Uluru National Park. Nancy: Ayers Rock What is that How do you spell itDavid: It's ... it's Ayers Rock. It's ... it's spelled ...let's see, A-Y-E-R-S. It's the largest rock in theworld! You must know about it!Nancy: No kidding! No, I've never heard of it! What do you do when you visit itDavid: Well, it's mainly hiking and trekking. You can ...you can walk right round the base of it if youlike. [Huh!] It takes about ... it's ... it'sabout five and a half miles, I guess, but [Wow!]it's really well worth it. And, uh, there are cavepaintings in the rock, and the colors of therock ... at... at sunrise and sunset... are justfabulous!Nancy: Sounds like I should bring my camera!David: You sure should! Finally, let's see, I guess you should travel ... travel north to visit the KakaduNational Park.Nancy: Kakadu How do you spell thatDavid: K-A-K-A-D-U. It's ... it's a tropical forest where you can go hiking and see all sorts of wildlife ... Nancy: OhDavid: Oh, and there are some beautiful waterfalls there as well.Nancy: And do they allow camping thereDavid: Yeah, there are lots and lots of campsites. The only thing is that you've got to watch out for thecrocodiles!Nancy: Ugh! Well, David, thanks a lot! You've been a big help!David: No problem.Nancy: I can't wait to go!Statements: 1. When David was in Sydney, he didn't stay there for night. 2. The Great Barrier Reef is in South Queensland in Australia. 3. From what Nancy says, one can know that she is fond of swimming. 4. In Uluru National Park, Nancy can see the largest rock in the world. 5. If Nancy likes to walk around the base of the rock, she has to walk about five miles. 6. Nancy will bring her camera with her when she travels in Australia. 7. There are no crocodiles in the tropical forest in Australia.Part IV More about the topic: Thestory of DenverAudioscript: :Denver is the largest city and the capital of the western state of Colorado. There's a marker on the stepin the State Capitol Building. Standing there, you are exactly 1.6 kilometers above sea level, one mile high. Denver is known as "the-mile-high city", but it does not appear to be that high. This is because it is builtalmost completely on smooth flat land. Denver is the largest city of the Rocky Mountains. Many people believeit is actually in the Rocky Mountains. However, it is about 50 kilometers east of them.The city of Denver has a population of about 470 000 people. This makes it the 26th largest city in the United States. The area around Denver has more than 1 600 000 people. City officials are proud of the fact that Denver receives more than 300 days of sunshine a year. Storms moving east across the country lose much of theirstrength in the Rockies. So Denver gets only about 3 5 centimeters of rain and snow a year. The nearby mountains, however, get a lot more than that.Denver is the business and marketing center for allthe Rocky Mountain area. It has more than 1 500 manufacturing companies. Food processing is the main manufacturing activity. Other factories make equipmentfor the defense, space, high technology andtransportation industries. Gold production is also important. Denver is home to companies that control half the gold produced in the United States.The computer and communications industries have become increasingly important in recent years. Denver hasthe third highest number of high technology jobs in relation to the population. The area also has become a center for companies that do business in other countries. This is true throughout the western states. In fact, more jobs in the American west are linked to foreign trade than in any other part of the country.Tourism is also an important industry in Denver. For example, the Colorado History Museum shows the history of the native American Indians, gold miners and other people who moved to Colorado. The Denver Museum of Natural History shows Indian objects and examples of local wildlife. Many visitors to Colorado and the Rocky Mountains use Denver's new international airport, which opened in 1995. It was the first major new airport built in the United States in 21 years. It cost almost 5 000 million dollars. It is the largest airport in North America, almost 90 000 passengers land at Denver International Airport each day.There is a lot to see and do in Denver. The State Capitol Building is in the center of the city. The top is covered with more than 500 g of gold. On a clear day, avisitor to the Capitol can see for a distance of almost 250 kilometers. 87 years ago, city officials began to purchase land to make sure it would be protected from development. Today, the city owns 8 000 hectares. On this land, Denver has built the largest city park system in the nation. Finally, there's Larama Square. It is a business area that is said to look like Denver of the early 1900s. Larama Square is filled with old buildings, gas lights and vehicles pulled by horses. It is a part of the new Denver that lives in the past.Part V Do you know ... Audioscript:1.-- This country is an island, and it has a verysmall population, and most of the population live in the capital city. -- Is it a very dry country -- Um-- no. -- Is it in the Caribbean -- No, it isn't. -- Is it in the Pacific -- No. -- Is it in Europe (Uh,huh) -- Is it divided into two halves -- No. -- Isit very popular for tourists -- Not really, no. --Is it in the Mediterranean -- No. -- Is it in theAtlantic -- Um, yes, I think so. -- It's not Iceland, is it -- Yes.2.--This country is quite a large country. It haschanged its capital since the Second World War, andit's famous for its jungles. -- Is it an Africancountry -- No, it isn't. -- Is it a South Americancountry -- Yes. -- Sorry, did you say it was largeor small -- Er, pretty large, (large) -- Does ithave a newly built capital -- Yes, it does. --Brazil -- Brazil. That's correct.3.-- This is a small country. It's mountainous and ithas a small population. -- Is it in Europe -- No. --Is it in Asia -- No. -- South America -- No. --Africa -- No. -- North America -- No. -- Is it a hotcountry -- Slightly hotter than Britain. -- Does ithave a dry climate or ... -- No, it has a very wetclimate. -- A small population, you said -- Yes. --Is it an island country -- Yes. -- Divided into twoislands -- Yes. -- Is it New Zealand -- Yes.Part VII Watch and enjoy Videoscript:Dan Cruickshank:Over the past month, I've traveled through the Americas from Peru to New York. My next stop is another of the world's great modern cities.In little more than 200 years, Sydney has gone from being a dumping ground for British convicts to a confident metropolis, with a number of potential treasures I'm keen to see. I've come to Sydney to seek my treasure. To find the treasure that captures the extraordinary history, the spirit of this city and this nation. There are several contenders.The first one is obvious -- The Sydney Opera House. It's the great Australian icon and one of the most celebrated buildings of the 20th century.The Opera House was designed in 1957 by a Danish architect, Jorn Utzon. The Opera House was one of the most memorable buildings of the 20th century. Its forms are so strong. They're like a symbol for the city. These great shells one upon the other, incredibly powerful. The influences are complex. Utzon looked at many things. He'dbeen to Mexico, seen Mayan architecture. He loved the platform. I'm on the platform now. The shells rise from -- rise from the platform. Below are sort of the service parts of the buildings, and these great steps, again from the great Mayan temples in Mexico. So he's thinking of ancient sacred buildings. Utzon also took inspiration from nature. He needed to make the structure easy to build. His solution was ingenious. The shape of each of these shells originates from one form -- a sphere. If one takes an orange and one cuts it into components, I'm now creating the surface of the shells on a miniscule scale. And these surface shapes of standard geometrical form are the basis of the shell structure of the city Opera House, you see. Incredible this use of nature, use of simple forms, use of powerful elemental geometry, use of modern building materials -- concrete, all very ingenious, to create emblematic building, which sums up the city, which has captured the imagination of the world, which says Sydney.My heart sinks when I enter the Opera House. It seems like another building. The imaginative design of the exterior has not been repeated inside. It's all becausein 1966 Uzton walked off the project after rows over the design and escalating budget. The consequences of Uzton's resignation were, well, tragic really. The fact is the relationship between the inside and the outside is, er, what shall one say -- unresolved, unsatisfactory. It's good in parts, but not as good as it ought to be andthat's very sad. A masterpiece has been flawed.。
Unit 7 A Kaleidoscope of CulturePart I Getting readyMew York is one of the most important cities in the world. It is not only a center for business, but also a center for music and art. It has many famous buildings and places of interest. And it, too, has jot its nickname. What is it?Audioscript：A：Are you ready for the trip to the museum in "the Big Apple"? I can hardly wait.B："The Big Apple"? What are you talking about?A："The Big Apple" is the nickname for New York City. You are going to New York with us, aren't you?B：Yes, I'm going. I'm especially looking forward to seeing the Museum of Modern Art. There's a special show of 20th centuryAmerican painters there. But, tell me, where did the nickname"the Big Apple" come from?A：The jazz musicians of the 1920s are responsible for the name.When they played a concert in a city, they called that city an apple.Of course New York was the biggest city in the country and best place for a jazz concert. So the musicians called it "The BigApple".B：Amazing! New York is such a fascinating place and it even has an interesting nickname, one that it's had for more than 50 years. Britain is famous for its pubs, where you can sample a pint of British beer, enjoy good-value bar meals and savor the friendly atmosphere. The pub boasts an excellent range of hot and cold bar snacks or a wide selection of home-cooked meals with a warm and relaxed atmosphere.Audioscript：There are visitors who come to England and leave thinking they have never been inside a pub. They don't realize that the words "pub" or "public house" are rarely included in the title of the place. So how do you know whether a building is a pub and what does a pub offer the visitor?The first thing to look for is a large sign either hanging over the street or placed on a pole outside the building. This sign may have a name like The Kings Arms, The Black Rabbit or The Duke ofKendal or an appropriate picture. Many pubs have names linked to royalty, popularheroes, sports or great occasions. There is a pub called The Concorde after the new airliner.On the doors of a pub you may see the words Saloon Bar or Public Bar. The Saloon Bar is more comfortably furnished. Occasionally the words Free House can be seen beside the name of the pub. This doesn't mean they serve free food and drink; it refers to the fact that the pub doesn't buy its drinks from one particular brewery only. It isn't a "tied house" -- tied to a brewery.The services a pub offers vary around the country. The basic service is the sale of alcoholic drink at certain times of the day. Opening times, as these periods are often called, are usually from 10.30 a.m. to 3 p.m. and from 6 p.m. to 11 p.m. on weekdays. On Sundays the opening times are 12 noon until 2 p.m. and 7-10.30 p.m. although these times can vary slightly according to the region. Pubs can also offer food and accommodation. To help visitors, an experimental system of symbols has been tried out in Southern England and East Anglia. These symbols indicate just what is available from a particular pub.Part II Times squareTimes Square is in the heart of New York City. Every year, Times Square is the center of worldwide attention on New Year's Evebecause of the rooftop celebrations to usher in the New Year. Apart from that, there are some other things that make Times Square famous.Audioscript："Times Square is New York." Those are the words of the head of the Times Square Alliance, a coalition of area businesses. The millions of visitors to Times Square each year would probably agree. The area has one of the most recognizable names in the world. But, Times Square is not really a square. It is the name for the area around where Broadway crosses 42nd Street in Manhattan. The Times Square area stretches more than ten blocks north to south. The borders to the east and west are uneven. Some people call the shape of the area a bow tie.Times Square gets its name from The New York Times newspaper. In 1904, the newspaper began to build its headquarters in what was then called Long Acre Square. The city's underground train system built a stop under the Times Tower. The city renamed the area Times Square. On December 31st, 1904, the newspaper held a big celebration in Times Square to welcome the New Year. Fireworks lit the sky. Celebrations have taken place every year since then. Now, crowds also watch a big glass ball slide down a pole as the New Year arrives.Hundreds of businesses are in Times Square. The alliance says twenty percent of all hotel rooms in New York City are in Times Square. It says Times Square also has about six and one-half million square meters of office space. And more is being built.Times Square is home to famous Broadway theaters. And several television companies have studios there. MTV is one of them. Times Square is probably most famous for its huge colorful signs. The alliance says Times Square is the only place in New York where businesses are required to use them.Audioscript：It is another typical morning in Times Square: Taxi cabs blare their horns, 15 foot billboards look down over throngs of people hurrying by, and in the middle of it all, members of a smash Broadway musical climb up on a stage to dance and sing for the tourists.The entertainment is being organized by the Times Square Business Improvement District, the people responsible for making the area as welcoming to tourists as possible. Right now, the square is crowded and business is booming. So much so, in fact, that several sidewalks had to be widened recently to cope with the increase in visitors. Andsome New Yorkers are even pushing for the entire area to be off limits to traffic: modeling Times Square after a European plaza.It has not always been this way. Until a decade or so ago, Times Square had the well-deserved reputation of a seedy neighborhood teeming with prostitutes and drug dealers. A sizeable part of the area's economy came from stores selling pornography or cheap knock-off goods. The city government neglected the area, spending little of its tourism budget on improvements.But today, theaters, restaurants and upscale stores have replaced the sex shops. A thriving partnership between City Hall and private businesses, such as Disney Company, has revitalized Times Square.The current mayor of New York City, Rudy Giuliani, has made it a priority to clean up the area. Crime rates have declined and visitors feel a lot safer on the square. Part of that effort has involved the Times Square Business Improvement District and its President, Brendan Sexton.Mr. Sexton and his colleagues are launching a new line of Times Square clothing and accessories which, they hope, will compete with everything else on offer to visitors to New York. Instead of just passing through Times Square and stopping only to take a picture of all theflashing lights and neon signs, Mr. Sexton hopes tourists will stop and shop, and bring a little piece of the revitalized Times Square home with them.Part III Americans love chocolate Chocolate is one of the most popular holiday gifts. Gifts of chocolate molded into different shapes have become traditional on certain holidays. Chocolate bunnies and eggs are popular on Easter, chocolate coins on Hanukkah, snowmen and other holiday symbols on Christmas, and chocolate hearts or chocolate in heart-shaped boxes on Valentine's Day. Chocolate most commonly comes in dark, milk, and white varieties, with cocoa solids contributing to the brown color.Audioscript：Chocolate is as big a part of American culture as baseball and apple pie. But its roots run much deeper.Cheri Friedman knows how much America loves chocolate. She isco-owner of Kron Chocolatiers, a small, gourmet chocolate shop that opened 32 years ago in Washington, D.C."I think it's one of the best comfort foods there is. It's easy to eat. It melts in your mouth. There's a warm sensation. "Friedman says she takes pride in the fact that Kron's chocolates are made with the finest ingredients, right on the premises.Americans' love of chocolate has helped to make it a big business in this country. Mark Sesler is senior vice president of marketing at Russell Stover Candies, one of the largest manufacturers of chocolate in the United States.According to Sesler, the industry got its start in the early 1900s with small-scale chocolatiers such as Steven Whitman, and Claire and Russell Stover. They started with small stores -- much like Kron -- but soon expanded their business into broader markets -- thanks, Sesler notes, to an important technological advance."It's the advent of refrigeration that has really made the availability of chocolate very prevalent throughout the United States. I think chocolate has secured its place as a delectable treat for a number of societies and a number of countries. So I think we're just one of many countries who enjoy the delicacy that is chocolate."Susan Fussell is spokesperson for the National Confectioner's Association, a trade group that represents virtually everyone who's involved in the production and sale of candy in the United States.And why does Fussell think chocolate is so universally popular? "Well there's really nothing like chocolate ... One of the main ingredients in chocolate is cocoa butter. And cocoa butter melts at body temperature. So when you put chocolate in your mouth, it has a mouth feel that's unlike any other food that you eat. It has thatmelt-in-your-mouth sensation right there on your tongue, and it is very hard to approximate that with any other food."Audioscript：Chocolate is as big a part of American culture as baseball and apple pie. But its roots run much deeper.Made from the seed of the tropical cacao tree, chocolate dates back at least 3 000 years to the ancient civilizations of Central and South America, where the cacao tree is native. The Aztec people valued the tree's cocoa beans so much, they used them as currency.In what is now Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, in the southwestern United States, new archaeological evidence shows that people were eating chocolate here more than 1 000 years ago.And they're still at it. Today, the average American eats almost 5 kilograms of chocolate each year.Cheri Friedman knows how much America loves chocolate. She isco-owner of Kron Chocolatiers, a small, gourmet chocolate shop that opened 32 years ago in Washington, D.C."I think it's one of the best comfort foods there is. It's easy to eat. It melts in your mouth. There's a warm sensation. "Friedman says she takes pride in the fact that Kron's chocolates are made with the finest ingredients, right on the premises.Americans' love of chocolate has helped to make it a big business in this country. Mark Sesler is senior vice president of marketing at Russell Stover Candies, one of the largest manufacturers of chocolate in the US.According to Sesler, the industry got its start in the early 1900s with small-scale chocolatiers such as Steven Whitman, and Claire and Russell Stover. They started with small stores -- much like Kron -- butsoon expanded their business into broader markets -- thanks, Sesler notes, to an important technological advance."It's the advent of refrigeration that has really made the availability of chocolate very prevalent throughout the United States. I think chocolate has secured its place as a delectable treat for a number of societies and a number of countries. So I think we're just one of many countries who enjoy the delicacy that is chocolate."Susan Fussell is spokesperson for the National Confectioner's Association, a trade group that represents virtually everyone who's involved in the production and sale of candy in the US.Fussell says that although the US is the largest total consumer of chocolate, it is not first in terms of per-capita consumption."In fact, we come in somewhere around No. 12, and that's because, of course, there are so many countries in Europe that have even more of an established culture around chocolate -- if you can imagine -- than we do in the United States."And why does Fussell think chocolate is so universally popular? "Well there's really nothing like chocolate ... One of the main ingredients in chocolate is cocoa butter. And cocoa butter melts at bodytemperature. So when you put chocolate in your mouth, it has a mouth feel that's unlike any other food that you eat. It has thatmelt-in-your-mouth sensation right there on your tongue, and it is very hard to approximate that with any other food."But that melt-in-your-mouth sensation comes at a price. Chocolate as we know it today is made with lots of sugar and milk, both very high in calories. That's given chocolate a rather bad reputation among nutritionists.In recent years, however, research has proved that chocolate, particularly dark chocolate, is also naturally rich in cancer-fighting antioxidants -- a fact that chocolate manufacturers like Russell Stover are happily promoting.But no matter the preference, Fussell says when it comes to holidays, chocolate is king, especially on Valentine's Day, every February 14th. That's a day when people all across the country express their love for one another with gifts, flowers, cards and -- more often than not -- chocolates."Valentine's Day itself, February 14th, is the single largest sales day during the year for sales of boxed chocolates."Part IV More about the topic:BullfightingSpain has become internationally known for its bullfighting, a tradition that spawns debate in many parts of the world and within Spain itself. Fans of bullfighting claim that it is a culturally important tradition, while animal rights activists argue that it is a blood sport due to the suffering of bulls involved.Audioscript：Bullfighting is seen as a symbol of Spanish culture.It traces its roots to prehistoric worshiping and sacrificing of bulls.A carpenter's assistant from the town of Ronda, Spain, Francisco Romero invented the "muleta," or red cape, used to lure the bull past the matador's body. Legend has it Romero rescued a young nobleman by using his flat-brimmed Andalusian hat to lure away an irate bull. Thus was born the modern bullfight. He was the founding father of a bullfighting dynasty, fundamental for bullfighting history. He was apparently the inventor of several characteristics that started to be used in a key period for bullfighting when the modern on foot system was defined, as the use of the cape and sword to kill the bull face to face.The bullfight, known in Spain as the "corrida," was first launched as an official spectacle sport in 1133. at the coronation of King Alfonso VIII, and steadily gained in popularity through the years of the Reconquest of Moorish Spain.A typical Spanish bullfight requires six bulls and three matadors, and is divided into three parts. If the matador has done exceptionally well, the audience will give a standing ovation and throw hats and roses into the arena. The matador will also receive one or two severed ears and the tail of the bull, depending on the quality of his performance. Bullfighting has always been controversial in Spain. Supporters of bullfighting regard it as a deeply ingrained, integral part of their national culture, but it is criticized by animal rights activists as a pointless and cruel blood sport.In fact, bullfighting is not just a Spanish tradition; Portugal, Latin America and a few cities in southern France also have a history of bullfighting.Audioscript：Over 1000 people have demonstrated in Madrid to go for an end to bullfighting in Spain. Though small, the protest comes amid reneweddebate in the country about bullfighting, which many see as inhumane but others consider an integral part of Spanish culture.Carrying banners reading "Abolish bullfighting" and comments disparaging bullfighters, the coalition of animal rights activists and ecologists gathered in Madrid's central Puerta del Sol square. The Madrid regional government's decision to officially declare the sport part of Spain's cultural heritage has intensified opposition：Male protestor (voice of translator):"I feel very ashamed. I feel ashamed of being Spanish when I hear of these crimes, and people say this torture is culture. For me it is savage, more appropriate to other centuries."The centuries-old spectacle, whose ritual includes implanting barbed sticks into the bull before a matador kills it with a sword, draws thousands to the country's bullrings and, matadors receive celebrity media coverage. Many Spaniards reject accusations of cruelty: Madrid resident (in Spanish)This Madrid resident insists those who want to watch bullfighting should be allowed to continue doing so, as it is part of the nation's culture.But support for bullfighting varies across the country, with parliament in the autonomous Catalan region recently debating a possible ban, and a vote there on the issue is expected soon. In Spain's Canary Islands, the sport is already outlawed.Part V Do you know ...?A name is a word or term used for identification. So a name can be given to a person, a place or a thing. But do names have meanings? Many people tend to be unaware of the specific meaning of a name unless it happens to be their own name. Many names originally had meanings, but you can't assume that that meaning was intended in any given case.Audioscript：An American town called Boring has voted in favour of pairing with a village by the name of Dull in Scotland.This means the two of them will participate in joint activities, such as the promotion of tourism and cultural exchange. Boring decided in favour of the move after being approached by the residents of Dull. But what's in a name? Is Boring really tiresome and is Dull tedious? Are these places in themselves humdrum and insipid or is it just their names which suggest they are drab?The village of Dull consists of just one row of houses on the north side of a river valley, which means that it must be very peaceful but probably rather stale and monotonous for young people looking for exciting nightlife. It should also be said that the origin of the name Dull is from the Gaelic language, which was spoken in Scotland before the arrival of the English. Therefore it probably means "meadow" rather than mundane.Boring, on the other hand, was named after an early resident of the town, William H. Boring, though whether he was a wearisome fellow himself is not known. The town lies in the state of Oregon, about 30 kilometres from the city of Portland. Is it flat? Not in a literal sense. Oregon is a mountainous state. And Boring's residents insist that the town is "The most exciting place to live". However, in comparison to Seattle, the biggest city in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, Boring must be at least a little lifeless.However exciting the communities may or may not be, they are both planning events to celebrate their pairing. The Dull and Weem Community Council intends to mark the partnership with a new road sign and street party.Part VII Watch and enjoyChinese cuisine is certainly a part of Chinese culture. In the following video clip, a woman will teach you how to cook a Chinese dish -- steamed sea bass. The steps of the cooking and the making of the sauce have been listed below. Arrange them in the correct order. The first ones have been done for you.Videoscript：In China it is believed that eating fish will help your wishes come true. And this is certainly a dream recipe. I want to cook you my steamed sea bass in a ginger, lime beer sauce, and it couldn't be simpler.Slice a few slits. One side, and then the other. And I'm going to keep the head on because in Chinese tradition, that is a sign of unity and balance. Next, slice some ginger. Just big enough so they fit into the slits of the fish. And this is going to impart a delicious, aromatic heat, and it's going to taste fantastic. And on the other side, so the ginger's gone into the slits. And now all we do is just place it on a heat-proof plate in the bamboo steamer. Before we steam the fish, I'm going to add a little bit of Shaoxing rice wine. So about a tablespoon. In Chinese cooking, Shaoxing rice wine is a classic seasoning for fish and meat dishes, adding bitter-sweet flavors. Next, lay some finely sliced spring onion on the fish. Steam over boiling water for seven to eight minutes until the fish is opaque. In Chinese culture, we try to balance oppositeinfluences, known as Tin and Yang. They are the controlling elements in nature which should be balanced for a harmonious life. This dish, it's got those elements. The sea bass is very yin, and the ginger and rice wine which I have had a splash of that, they are very, very yang. This is the perfect balanced dish, and in Chinese cooking, we're always trying to achieve this perfect balance. Let's just check on the sea bass. The sea bass is lovely and it's cooked. You can see the meat has turned opaque, the eyes have turned white, and the flesh is lovely and flaky-ish. It just gives as you give it a slight poke.And for the sauce, finely grate some ginger. This is the hot, or yang to the fish's cool yin. For additional freshness, some zingy lime zest, two tablespoons should be about right. What we want to do now is get the wok nice and hot. And I'm just going to place the sea bass ... here. Just let that plate cool slightly. My special ingredient for this dish is Chinese beer. This is really going to add a delicious sweetness and really compliment the sea bass. If you can't get Chinese beer, then you can just use a light lager.So, wok lovely and hot, in with some groundnut oil, about a tablespoon or two. And then give this a good swirl. Then very, very quickly, in with the ginger. Before the ginger burns, put the fish carefully into the wok. Add a drop more rice wine or dry sherry, some light soy sauceand freshen it up with lime zest. Finally, the beer ... No drinking, just pour! Just pour some of the beer over the fish. Cooking like this will burn off some of the alcohol, but don't burn too much, because it makes a delicious sauce. So just let that gently braise, and let the sea bass soak in those flavors. Now just before serving, we just want to chop up some coriander. I've chopped the stalks and leaves and just throw that all into the wok. And that's ready to serve.Now to go with the sea bass, I've got some wild rice and basmati rice. The wild rice adds a nutty flavor and bite, contrasting with the neutral flavor and soft texture of basmati. The rice is going to allow you to soak up all those delicious flavors from the beer, the ginger, the spring onion and the coriander. So this is my steamed sea bass and delicious ginger lime beer sauce.。
