Pelagibaca abyssisp. nov., of the familyRhodobacteraceae,isolated from deep-sea water
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Pompeii: A Time-Capsule of AncientCivilizationNestled within the fertile plains of the Italian peninsula, Pompeii stands as a testament to the grandeur and splendor of ancient Roman civilization. This once-bustling city, now frozen in time, offers a unique window into the daily lives of its inhabitants, providing a rare glimpse into the past.Pompeii was a prosperous city, renowned for its wealth, culture, and artistry. Its streets were lined with elegant temples, bustling marketplaces, and vibrant homes, all adorned with intricate mosaics and frescoes. The city's residents led lives filled with feasting, merriment, and religious fervor, leaving behind a rich archaeological record that speaks volumes about their way of life.However, Pompeii's fate was sealed on a fateful day in August of 79 CE. Mount Vesuvius, the looming volcano that overshadowed the city, erupted in a catastrophic explosion, burying Pompeii under a layer of volcanic ash and debris. The city and its inhabitants were entombed, preserved for posterity in a state of suspended animation.The excavation of Pompeii began in the 18th century, revealing the city's remarkable preservation. The ash that covered the city had actually protected its structures and artifacts from the ravages of time, allowing archaeologists to piece together a remarkable picture of ancient Romanlife. From the remains of their homes and temples, we can infer the social hierarchy and religious beliefs of thecity's residents. The frescoes and mosaics, still vibrant after thousands of years, offer insights into theirartistic tastes and cultural values.One of the most remarkable aspects of Pompeii is the vividness of its streetscapes. The city's main thoroughfare, the Via dell'Abbondanza, was once a bustling hub of commercial activity, with shops and inns lining its length. The remains of these structures, including their original plaster walls and painted facades, provide a vivid snapshot of daily life in Pompeii.Moreover, the discovery of skeletons within the city's ruins offers a haunting reminder of the city's fateful end. These remains, frozen in their final moments, provide a poignant testament to the tragedy that overwhelmed the city.Pompeii's legacy is not only historical but also cultural. It has become a symbol of the fragility of civilization and the power of nature. Its story serves as a cautionary tale, reminding us of the transience of human existence and the importance of preserving our cultural heritage.Today, Pompeii is a popular tourist destination, drawing thousands of visitors from around the world. As they wander through the city's ruins, they can experience a sense of time travel, stepping back into the world of ancient Rome. The city's remains offer a unique opportunity to connect with the past, to understand the lives and cultures of our ancestors, and to appreciate the rich tapestry of human history.In conclusion, Pompeii stands as a timeless monument to the glory and tragedy of ancient civilization. Its ruins offer a profound window into the past, allowing us to glimpse the lives and cultures of a bygone era. As we explore its streets and temples, we are reminded of the enduring power of history and the importance of preserving our shared cultural heritage.**庞贝城:古代文明的时光胶囊**庞贝城位于意大利半岛的肥沃平原之中,是古代罗马文明辉煌与壮观的见证。
庞贝古城最后一天的英语作文【中英文实用版】In the fading light of the setting sun, the majestic silhouette of Pompeii stood undisturbed, unaware that it was witnessing its final day.The once vibrant city, buzzing with the sounds of commerce and laughter, was now shrouded in an eerie silence, a prelude to the impending doom.在夕阳的余晖中,庞贝古城那雄伟的轮廓依旧宁静,却未曾意识到它正在目睹自己的末日。
这座曾经充满活力、商业与欢笑之城,此刻被一股诡异的寂静笼罩,预示着即将降临的灾难。
The citizens went about their daily routines, oblivious to the rumblings deep within Mount Vesuvius.Merchants hawked their wares in the bustling market square, children chased each other around the towering columns, and the scent of freshly baked bread wafted from the bakeries.市民们如往常一样忙碌着,对维苏威火山深处传来的隆隆声毫无察觉。
商贩在热闹的市场广场叫卖,孩子们绕着高大的石柱嬉戏,面包房里新鲜面包的香气四溢。
Little did they know that the very ground they walked upon was about to turn into their grave.The earth trembled, and a deafening roar filled the air as the volcano unleashed its fury.Ashes rained down, obliterating the sunlight and casting aApocalyptic darkness over the city.他们却浑然不知,脚下的大地将变成他们的坟墓。
关于布宜诺斯艾利斯的英语作文Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, known for its rich cultural heritage, vibrant nightlife, and beautiful architecture. It is often referred to as the "Paris of South America" due to its European-style buildings and wide boulevards.The city is home to many iconic landmarks, such as the Obelisco, a monument located in the heart of the city, and the colorful neighborhood of La Boca, famous for its brightly painted houses and tango performances. The city is also known for its numerous parks and green spaces, such as the expansive Bosques de Palermo and the elegant Plaza de Mayo.Buenos Aires has a rich cultural scene, with numerous theaters, art galleries, and museums. The city is famousfor its tango music and dance, which can be experienced at tango shows and milongas throughout the city. Additionally, Buenos Aires is home to a thriving culinary scene, with a wide variety of restaurants serving traditional Argentine cuisine as well as international dishes.In terms of transportation, Buenos Aires has an extensive public transportation system, including buses, subways, and trains, making it easy to get around the city. The city is also known for its lively street life, with bustling markets, street performers, and outdoor cafes.Overall, Buenos Aires is a dynamic and vibrant city with a rich cultural heritage and a wide range of attractions to explore. Whether you are interested in history, art, music, or food, Buenos Aires has something to offer for everyone.布宜诺斯艾利斯是阿根廷的首都和最大城市,以其丰富的文化遗产、充满活力的夜生活和美丽的建筑而闻名。
庞贝末日的启示The ancient city of Pompeii, once a vibrant and prosperous community, now stands as a mute testament to the destructive power of nature. Buried under layers of ash and debris for centuries, its ruins tell a tale of sudden and catastrophic destruction. On August 24, AD 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted, sending a torrent of hot ash, pumice, and gases into the sky. Pompeii, caught in the path of this destruction, was consumed by the inferno in mere hours.The legacy of Pompeii is a stark reminder of the fragility of human civilization and the importance of respecting and caring for our planet. Its destruction was not just a natural disaster but also a result of human negligence. The citizens of Pompeii had ignored the warnings of volcanic activity in the region, failing to evacuate the city in time. Their fate serves as a cautionary tale for us today,提醒我们 of the need to be vigilant and prepared in the face of potential natural disasters.The ruins of Pompeii also offer insights into the lives of its former inhabitants. The preserved remains ofbuildings, sculptures, and other artifacts provide a window into the culture, beliefs, and daily lives of the ancient Romans. The city's theaters, temples, and bathhousesreflect the sophistication and luxury of Roman life, while the more humble dwellings reveal the struggles of the common people.The story of Pompeii is not just about destruction but also about resilience and rebirth. In the centuries following its burial, the city was rediscovered and excavated, revealing its hidden secrets to the world. The ruins of Pompeii have become a popular tourist destination, attracting millions of visitors each year. Through these ruins, we can gain a deeper understanding of our past and the importance of preserving our historical heritage.In conclusion, the legacy of Pompeii serves as a powerful reminder of the dangers of natural disasters and the need for vigilance and preparation. It also offers insights into the lives of our ancestors and the importance of preserving our historical heritage. As we look towards the future, let us remember the lessons of Pompeii and strive to create a more sustainable and resilient world.**庞贝末日的启示**庞贝,这座曾经充满生机与繁荣的古城,如今却成为了大自然破坏力无声的见证。
关于布宜诺斯艾利斯的英语作文模板Ah, I see you've asked me to write an essay about Buenos Aires in English. As an AI assistant, I'm happy to provide you with a well-crafted response that captures the essence of this vibrant city, while adhering to the guidelinesyou've specified.Buenos Aires, the captivating capital of Argentina, is a city that seamlessly blends the old and the new, creating a tapestry of cultural richness that captivates the hearts of all who visit. Sprawling across the banks of the mighty Río de la Plata, this cosmopolitan metropolis is a testament to the resilience and adaptability of the human spirit.Stepping into the bustling streets of Buenos Aires, one is immediately struck by the remarkable diversity that permeates every corner. The city is a melting pot of influences, with the striking European architecture standing in harmonious contrast to the vibrant Latin American flair that pervades every aspect of daily life. The grand boulevards, adorned with towering palm trees,play host to a myriad of cafes, boutiques, and cultural institutions, each offering a unique glimpse into the rich tapestry of Argentine culture.At the heart of this captivating city lies the iconic Plaza de Mayo, a sprawling public square that has borne witness to some of the most significant moments in the nation's history. Here, the imposing Casa Rosada, the official residence of the President of Argentina, stands as a symbol of the country's enduring democratic spirit. The adjacent Catedral Metropolitana, with its intricate neoclassical facade, serves as a testament to the city's deep-rooted Catholic heritage, drawing worshippers and tourists alike.Venture beyond the bustling city center, and one is greeted by a patchwork of distinct neighborhoods, each with its own unique character and charm. In the vibrant district of La Boca, the colorful tenement houses and lively tango performances transport visitors to a bygone era, evoking the rich cultural traditions that have endured through the generations. Across the city, the leafy suburbs of Palermo offer a tranquil respite from the urban bustle, with lushparks, designer boutiques, and trendy cafes that cater to the discerning palate of the city's cosmopolitan residents.The rhythmic pulse of Buenos Aires is further amplified by the city's renowned culinary scene, which seamlessly blends European and Latin American influences. From the renowned parrillas (steakhouses) that sizzle with the aroma of perfectly grilled meats to the quaint cafes that serve up the iconic dulce de leche-laden medialunas (croissants), the gastronomic delights of this city are a true feast for the senses.Yet, the true allure of Buenos Aires lies not only in its physical beauty but also in the warmth and hospitality of its people. The Porteños, as the city's residents are affectionately known, are renowned for their infectious passion, their unwavering resilience, and their deep-rooted sense of pride in their cultural heritage. Whether one is engaged in a lively discussion over a glass of Malbec or simply observing the rhythmic tango performances that spill out onto the streets, the energy and joie de vivre of the Porteños is palpable, leaving an indelible mark on all whoexperience it.As the sun sets over the grand avenues and the city comes alive with the sounds of music and laughter, it becomes clear that Buenos Aires is a city that defies easy categorization. It is a place that seamlessly blends the old and the new, the traditional and the modern, the European and the Latin American, creating a truly unique and captivating urban landscape that captivates the hearts and minds of all who visit.。
庞贝英语作文Pompeii, a city that once thrived with life, now stands as a haunting reminder of the devastating power of nature. Nestled at the base of Mount Vesuvius, Pompeii was a bustling Roman city, known for its vibrant marketplaces, bustling streets, and rich cultural heritage. However, on August 24, 79 AD, the city was forever changed by the eruption of the very mountain that loomed over it.The eruption was catastrophic, unleashing a torrent of ash, pumice, and poisonous gases that engulfed the city. The residents of Pompeii, caught unawares by the sudden calamity, were unable to escape the onslaught. The ash and pumice rained down relentlessly, burying the city under a thicklayer of debris. The heat from the eruption was so intense that it incinerated many of the inhabitants, leaving behind only their ghostly imprints in the hardened ash.Despite the tragedy, Pompeii has provided invaluable insights into the lives of ancient Romans. The city was remarkably well-preserved under the volcanic ash, offering a snapshot of daily life in the first century AD. Archaeologists have unearthed a wealth of artifacts, from intricate mosaics and frescoes to everyday household items. The plaster casts of the victims, created by filling the voids left by their decomposed bodies, are particularly poignant, capturing the final moments of terror and despair.Today, Pompeii stands as a testament to the impermanence of human endeavors and the indomitable force of nature. It serves as a stark reminder of the fragility of life and the need for preparedness in the face of natural disasters. The city's ruins continue to captivate visitors from around the world, offering a glimpse into a world that was lost but never forgotten.Pompeii's legacy is not only historical but also cultural. It has inspired countless works of art, literature, and film, each retelling the story of the doomed city in their own unique way. The city's ruins are now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, drawing scholars and tourists alike to explore its ancient streets and learn from its tragic past.In conclusion, Pompeii was more than just a city; it was a microcosm of Roman society, frozen in time by the cataclysmic eruption of Vesuvius. Its preservation offers a rare opportunity to study the past and reflect on the present, reminding us of the power and unpredictability of nature, and the resilience of the human spirit.。
海蒂拉玛英语作文In the golden hues of the setting sun, the ocean waves seemed to whisper the secrets of the universe. The salty breeze carried the laughter of children playing on the shore, a melody that resonated with the rhythm of the sea.As I walked along the shoreline, the soft sand beneath my feet felt like the gentle embrace of nature. Each footprintleft a fleeting mark, a reminder that our presence here isbut a moment in the grand tapestry of time.The horizon, a canvas painted with the colors of twilight, invited the stars to take their place in the celestial dance. The first star to appear was like a guiding light, a beaconof hope in the vast expanse of the night sky.In the quiet of the evening, the lapping of the waves against the shore became a lullaby, soothing the day'sworries away. It was a symphony of nature, a performance that never failed to captivate the heart.The moon, a silver sentinel in the sky, cast its gentle glow upon the sea, turning the water into a mirror reflecting the heavens above. It was a sight that inspired awe and a sense of wonder at the beauty of our world.As the night deepened, the sea took on a different character, its surface shimmering with the light of the moon.The tranquility of the scene was a testament to the peacethat can be found in the simplest of moments.The stars, now fully visible, twinkled like a thousand eyes watching over the world. Each one a story, each one a dream, woven into the fabric of the cosmos.In the embrace of the night, the sea and the sky became one, a boundless expanse of tranquility. It was a reminder that no matter how vast the universe, there is always a place for quiet reflection and inner peace.As I stood there, a part of this timeless scene, I felt a deep connection to the world around me. The sea, the stars, the night—each a piece of the puzzle that makes up the tapestry of life.。
关于布宜诺斯艾利斯的英语作文When it comes to Buenos Aires, there's just something special about this vibrant city that captures your heart and soul. From the bustling streets filled with tango dancers to the mouthwatering aroma of freshly baked empanadas, Buenos Aires is a place like no other.I remember my first visit to Buenos Aires like it was yesterday. The energy of the city was palpable, and I couldn't help but be swept away by its charm. Everywhere I looked, there was a sense of history and culture that seemed to seep into every corner of the city.One of the things that struck me the most about Buenos Aires was the passion of its people. Whether it was watching a heated debate in a café or witnessing a passionate tango performance on the street, there was a sense of intensity and emotion that was impossible to ignore. It's no wonder that Buenos Aires is often calledthe "Paris of South America" - the city exudes a romantic and artistic vibe that is truly captivating.And let's not forget about the food. Oh, the food! From juicy steaks to decadent dulce de leche desserts, Buenos Aires is a culinary paradise. I still dream about the unforgettable meals I had at the local parrillas and the cozy cafes that lined the cobblestone streets.But beyond the food and the culture, Buenos Aires also has a rich history that is worth exploring. From the iconic Casa Rosada to the colorful neighborhood of La Boca, every corner of the city tells a story of its past. Walking through the streets of Buenos Aires feels like stepping back in time, and I found myself getting lost in the beauty of its architecture and the stories of its people.And let's not forget about the nightlife. Buenos Aires truly comes alive after dark, with its vibrant bars and clubs that pulse with energy and excitement. I'll neverforget the nights spent dancing the night away with new friends, the music filling the air and the laughter ringing out into the early hours of the morning.In the end, Buenos Aires is a city that will alwayshold a special place in my heart. Its beauty, its passion, its history - there's something truly magical about this place. As the saying goes, "Buenos Aires is not just a city, it's a feeling." And I couldn't agree more.。
《伟大的母雀》小升初满分英语作文In the ocean of books, I once immersed myself in a story about family affection. It was a great mother sparrow, and its story made me deeply appreciate the greatness of family affection.On a big tree, little sparrows chirped and jumped happily on the branches, enjoying the beauty of life. However, a sudden change broke the tranquility. A little sparrow accidentally fell from the tree and landed in front of a wild dog under the tree. The wild dog stared at the little sparrow greedily with a hideous smile, and it was about to enjoy this delicious lunch.At this critical moment, the mother sparrow appeared. It rushed towards the wild dog without hesitation and started a thrilling fight with it. The mother sparrow used its weak wings to beat the wild dog vigorously and pecked at the wild dog's body with its sharp beak. The wild dog was enraged by the bravery of the mother sparrow, and it counterattacked more fiercely, trying to drive away the mother sparrow. However, the mother sparrow did not retreat. It tightly protected the little sparrow and blocked the wild dog's attack with its body.In this battle of unequal strength, the mother sparrow never gave up. Her eyes were full of determination, and she knew she had to protect her child. In the end, the wild dog was shocked by the mother sparrow's courage and left in disgrace. The mother sparrow successfully drove away the wild dog and rescued her child. She carefully brought the little sparrow back to the tree, gently stroked it with her warm wings, and combed its feathers.This story made me feel the greatness of maternal love. The mother sparrow fought against the powerful wild dog for her child. This courage and spirit of sacrifice are admirable. In the animal world, the power of family affection is so strong that they are willing to give everything for their children.However, the affection between animals is no less than that between humans. In human society, there are also many stories about family affection, which are equally touching.There was a mother whose husband died of illness, leaving behind a seriously ill son. His illness made him unable to walk and take care of himself. In order for her son to continue his studies, the mother worked hard from dawn to dusk every day. She saved every penny with her blood and sweat, hoping to treat her son's illness.Every day, she would carry her son to school, no matter the weather, she never missed a day. After school, she would come to school on time and carry her son home. She persisted in doing this day after day, and she carried her son on her back for more than ten years.During these long years, the mother not only had to take care of her son's life, but also had to run around for a living. In order to make more money, she also picked up rags after work, and even dared not go to the hospital when she was sick. She placed all her love and hope on her son, and used her own strength and perseverance to support her son.Her efforts were not in vain. With her efforts, her son's condition gradually improved and he eventually recovered. This mother created a miracle with her love, and her family affection made her son feel warm and strong.These stories made me deeply realize the greatness and pricelessness of family affection. There is true affection and true love in the world, and familyaffection is one of them. It is a selfless dedication and a kind of unrequited contribution. In our lives, relatives are our most solid backing, they give us care, support and encouragement.When we encounter difficulties and setbacks, our relatives will lend a hand to help us through the difficulties; when we achieve success and progress, our relatives will be proud of us. Family affection is an eternal emotion that will not fade with the passage of time or disappear due to the distance.Let us cherish the affection in our hearts and repay the kindness of our relatives with love. Let us sow the seeds of affection in every corner and fill the world with love and warmth. Because family affection is priceless and it is the most precious wealth in our lives.。
prana was a beautiful dog阅读理解prana was a beautiful dog. Her fur was a soft golden color, and her eyes were a deep, soulful brown. She had a playful and loyal personality, always eager to greet her owners with a wagging tail and a happy bark. Prana was a beloved member of the family, bringing joy and companionship to everyone she met.Prana loved to go on long walks in the park, chasing after squirrels and sniffing at the flowers. She would bound through the grass, her ears flopping in the wind, her tongue lolling out in a big doggy grin. Watching her run and play was a sight to behold, a reminder of thesimple joys of life.But one day, tragedy struck. Prana fell ill, her energy waning, her eyes losing their sparkle. Her owners rushed her to the vet, where they learned the devastating news – Prana had cancer. The family was heartbroken, unsure of what to do next.They decided to do everything they could to help Prana. They tookher to specialists, tried experimental treatments, and showered her with love and affection. Prana fought bravely, but the cancer was relentless. Slowly, she began to fade, her once vibrant spirit dimming.As Prana's condition worsened, the family made the difficultdecision to let her go. They gathered around her one last time, whispering words of love and gratitude. Prana closed her eyes for the final time, surrounded by the people who had cherished her for so long.The loss of Prana left a gaping hole in the family's hearts. They missed her presence, her warmth, her unwavering loyalty. But in the midst of their grief, they found solace in the memories they shared, in the joy that Prana had brought into their lives.Prana may have been just a dog, but to her family, she was so much more. She was a source of comfort, a companion in times of joy and sorrow. Her spirit lived on in the laughter and the tears, in the tales of her antics and her quirks.In the end, Prana's legacy was not in the length of her life, but in the depth of the love she inspired. She taught her family about resilience, about the power of unconditional love, about the beauty of simple moments shared together.And so, as the days passed and the pain of loss slowly eased, the family held onto the memories of Prana. They knew that she would always be a part of them, a guiding presence in their lives. And though she was gone, her spirit remained, a reminder of the precious bond between humans and animals, of the enduring power of love.。
法国动物世界英语作文Title: Exploring the Animal Kingdom of France。
France, known for its rich cultural heritage and stunning landscapes, also boasts a diverse and fascinating array of wildlife. From the majestic Alps to the picturesque countryside and coastal regions, France offers a habitat for a wide variety of animals. Let's embark on a journey to explore the enchanting animal kingdom of France.In the mountainous regions of the French Alps, one can encounter the elusive ibex gracefully traversing steepcliffs and rocky terrains. These sure-footed creatures, with their distinctive curved horns, are adapted to thrive in harsh alpine environments. The sight of ibex scaling vertical rock faces is truly a testament to their remarkable agility and resilience.Venturing into the dense forests of the Ardennes, one may catch a glimpse of the European roe deer, a symbol ofgrace and beauty in the wilderness. With its reddish-brown coat and slender build, the roe deer epitomizes the elegance of France's woodland inhabitants. Observing these gentle creatures gracefully bounding through the undergrowth is a mesmerizing experience for any nature enthusiast.As we journey southwards to the sun-drenched Provence region, we encounter the iconic Camargue horses galloping freely amidst vast marshlands and salt flats. These magnificent horses, with their striking white coats and flowing manes, are an integral part of the unique ecosystem of the Camargue. Witnessing a herd of Camargue horses running across the marshes against the backdrop of a fiery sunset is a sight that will leave a lasting impression.No exploration of French wildlife would be complete without a visit to the rugged coastline of Brittany, where colonies of Atlantic puffins congregate on remote seacliffs and offshore islands. With their distinctive black and white plumage and brightly colored beaks, puffins add a playful charm to the dramatic coastal scenery. Observingthese comical seabirds as they clumsily take flight from their cliff-side nests is a delightful spectacle for birdwatchers and nature lovers alike.In the tranquil waters of the Mediterranean Sea, the enigmatic loggerhead sea turtle glides gracefully through crystal-clear waters, embodying the serenity of France's coastal marine life. These ancient creatures, with their intricately patterned shells and gentle demeanor, symbolize the harmony between land and sea in this idyllic coastal paradise. Snorkeling alongside a loggerhead sea turtle is a humbling experience that fosters a deep appreciation for the fragile beauty of our oceans.As night falls over the French countryside, the haunting call of the European barn owl echoes through the darkness, signaling the beginning of its nocturnal hunt. With its ghostly white plumage and heart-shaped face, the barn owl is a symbol of wisdom and mystery in French folklore. Observing these silent hunters as they glide effortlessly through moonlit meadows is a magical experience that evokes a sense of wonder and awe.In conclusion, France's rich tapestry of wildlifeoffers a captivating glimpse into the wonders of the natural world. From the snow-capped peaks of the Alps to the sun-kissed shores of the Mediterranean, each region of France is teeming with life and biodiversity. By preserving and protecting these precious habitats, we can ensure that future generations will continue to marvel at the beauty and diversity of France's animal kingdom.。
紫藤萝瀑布英语作文仿写700字Wisteria Cataracts.In the realm of botanical wonders, where nature's artistry unfolds with captivating beauty, lies the Wisteria Cataracts of Ashikaga Flower Park. A breathtaking spectacle that defies the boundaries of ordinary imagination, these floral waterfalls cascade in a symphony of colors, transforming the landscape into an ethereal paradise.As winter's icy grip relinquishes, heralding thearrival of spring, the Wisteria Cataracts awaken from their slumber. Delicate buds unfurl, revealing a kaleidoscope of hues that dance in the gentle breeze. From the vibrant lavender of 'Fuji Musume' to the soft pastels of 'Nana Miyuki' and the deep indigo of 'Yayoi', the wisteria's flowers burst forth in a riotous display of color.Along the sprawling trellises, these enchanting vines soar and intertwine, creating a canopy of fragrant blossomsthat drapes the park in an ethereal embrace. Eachindividual bloom, with its intricately woven petals, becomes a masterpiece of nature's artistry, resembling atiny fairy's dress.Beneath the cascading wisteria, the air becomes heavy with a sweet and heady perfume. The scent, carried on the wings of the wind, permeates every corner of the park, inviting visitors to immerse themselves in the intoxicating fragrance of spring. As the sun filters through thedelicate petals, casting ethereal shadows upon the ground, one cannot help but feel enveloped in a magical realm.For those seeking tranquility, the Wisteria Cataracts offer a sanctuary of peace and serenity. Stroll through the winding paths beneath the floral archways, allowing the beauty of nature to wash over you. The gentle rustling of leaves and the soft murmur of bees create a soothing symphony that calms the mind and rejuvenates the spirit.Time seems to stand still amidst the wisteria's embrace. Lost in the captivating beauty of these floral waterfalls,one can easily spend hours marveling at their splendor. The cares of the world melt away as the vibrant blooms evoke a sense of wonder and awe.The Wisteria Cataracts of Ashikaga Flower Park are not merely a natural phenomenon, but a testament to the enduring allure of beauty. They represent a vibrant tapestry of colors, fragrances, and emotions that have captivated hearts for centuries. Whether you seek a romantic escape, a moment of quiet contemplation, or simply a glimpse into the boundless wonders of nature, thesefloral cataracts will leave an unforgettable imprint on your soul.As the sun begins to set, the wisteria's delicate petals glow with an ethereal radiance. The park transforms into a magical wonderland, where light and shadow dance in a captivating ballet. The air becomes alive with the sound of crickets and nightingales, creating a symphony that echoes through the twilight.Nightfall brings with it a new perspective on theWisteria Cataracts. Illuminated by strategically placed lights, the floral waterfalls take on an enchanting glow. The vibrant hues of the day give way to softer, more ethereal shades, creating an otherworldly atmosphere.Beneath the starry sky, the Wisteria Cataracts become a symbol of hope and renewal. Their beauty transcends the boundaries of time, reminding us that even in the darkest of nights, the promise of spring will always return.As the last remnants of light fade into the horizon, the wisteria's flowers gently close, preparing for another day of绽放. Their fragrance lingers in the air, a sweet reminder of the extraordinary spectacle that has unfolded before our eyes.And so, the Wisteria Cataracts of Ashikaga Flower Park remain etched in our memories, a testament to the enduring power of nature's artistry. They are a perpetual source of inspiration, a reminder that the world is filled with wonders that can uplift our spirits and ignite our dreams.。
庞贝古城最后一天的英语作文Title: The Last Day of Pompeii: A Glimpse into the Past Imagine waking up on a sunny morning, surrounded by the bustling sounds of life in ancient Rome. The city of Pompeii was alive and thriving, with its citizens going about their daily routines, blissfully unaware of the catastrophic fate that awaited them. On that fateful day in 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius erupted, forever encapsulating the city and its inhabitants in a time capsule of ash and volcanic debris. As we delve into the story of Pompeii's last day, we bear witness to both the horror and the beauty of a frozen moment in history.The morning began like any other, with the sun casting its golden light upon the intricate mosaics that adorned the floors of lavish villas. Traders set up their stalls in the marketplace, shouting out their wares in a cacophony of voices that echoed through the narrow streets. Children played in the open squares, their laughter a sweet melody amidst the urban hum. But as the day progressed, the sky took on an ominous cast, darkening with each passing hour.Mount Vesuvius had been dormant for centuries, but on this day, it roared back to life with unimaginable fury. The ground shook beneath the feet of Pompeii's residents, causingbuildings to sway and crack under the force of the tremors. Panic ensued as people realized the gravity of the situation; they ran through the streets, trying to escape the impending disaster. However, the sheer speed and power of the volcanic eruption proved too much, trapping many within the walls of their homes, their final moments etched in the layers of ash that would preserve them for millennia.As the volcano belched forth its deadly cloud, Pompeii was enveloped in darkness, the once blue sky now a menacing shade of gray. The ashes rained down relentlessly, burying the city and everything in it. The final hours of Pompeii were marked by chaos and fear, a stark contrast to the vibrant life that had pulsed through its streets just hours before.Today, Pompeii stands as a silent testament to the fragility of life and the unpredictability of nature. Its ruins offer us a unique perspective into the daily lives of ancient Romans, frozen in time by the very force that sought to annihilate them. The excavated sites reveal intricate details of a society long gone, from the elaborate murals in wealthy homes to the simple tools used by artisans. Each step through the city's gates is a journey back in time, a reminder of the delicate balance between humanity and the forces of nature.Yet, amidst the somber tale of Pompeii's end, there lies a message of resilience and hope. The city's story has not been forgotten; instead, it inspires awe and contemplation in all who visit. It reminds us that although we may not be able to control the forces that shape our world, we can cherish the moments of peace and prosperity, and learn from the past to build a stronger future.In conclusion, the last day of Pompeii was a tumultuous and tragic chapter in the annals of history. It serves as a haunting memento mori, a warning of nature's might and an ode to human perseverance. As we gaze upon the ruins, let us remember the lives that were abruptly cut short, and honor their memory by embracing the gift of life and the promise of tomorrow.Reflective Questions:1. How does understanding the historical context of Pompeii's demise influence our perception of contemporary issues related to natural disasters?2. In what ways can the preservation of ancient sites like Pompeii contribute to our knowledge and appreciation of history?3. If you could ask one question to the inhabitants ofPompeii before the eruption, what would it be and why?。
The story took place in agua, tesla, Mexico, 1930. Hope is twelve years old, Mr Ortega's daughter Ramona and west stowe. Esperanza's father was a rich farmer and the landlord. Esperanza is excited because her birthday will come. Her birthday is on civil servants after harvest of grapes. On the night of the Esperanza birthday, Esperanza's mother, Ramona, her grandmother, grandmother, and their housekeeper, hortensia, very worried because Esperanza's father comes home late from war. Finally, the ranch foreman and his son began to look for dad. Before they came back home, the two brothers father, Louis and mark titanium dioxide TiO, to visit the house. The shepherd boy found their father's belt buckle. That night, ranch foreman and his son took a carriage with the father's body back home, he killed by some robbers. The dream of hope, her father and other men and boys sing \"happy birthday\" on the ranch, she is in Spain.A few days later, the lawyer told Esperanza and her mother's farms and vineyards are now belongs to them, but because they are not allowed to own property, land belongs to the bank. Louis is bank President, he don't like it, because he was stealing and cheating, is a terrible businessman, and haven't been friendly family. A politician trying to gain trust in the community.Louis for mother to buy a house, but the price is much lower than the value of it. When she refused him, and he has a second plan, it is a to marry him. Louis to proposal a new chance, but he really want to marry her, he can win any political competition in Mexico. She doesn't like the idea, told him, but he reminded her, he is now her landlord, he can make her for her very hard, if she didn't accept his proposal. The next night, wake up in the home, found that their house was on fire. Everything is destroyed, including grapes, and father of the great rose garden. Grandma is damage, twisted her ankle, and restore her bag. The next day, lewis to the next day to repeat his proposal of marriage, said that if she didn'treconsider their marriage, there will be more damage. Mother said that she would consider, but in fact is to go to the United States to work with her family, to work for her.In order to avoid marriage, mother wants to go to America with their boss, Alfonso, his wife and their son miguel hortensia. Hope to miguel is a little bit, but tried to keep a low profile she mentioned that they are different after work. She said, they are separated by a river. They had to find work in the field, and hope to find it really hard because she spoiled her life until it at this time. On the train, she didn't understand why all farmers in mother's rules have changed. Because before her wealth, she was a few workers, especially a girl named marta hate. There they met a girl named Isabel and her parents Juan and Isabel's brother and sister, baby, Lupe and pepe. Their life is very difficult to work in a camp in a dust storm when mother was ill, hot valley, spores of the dust of the lung infection, pneumonia and cases of pneumonia. Mother in the hospital for several months. In order to help her have a good, Esperanza to earn money for grandma from Mexico and she is also the challenge of the new life with her and her mother's medical bills. Mexican migrant workers find jobs in the United States, they will give them more money, instead they can make work in Mexico's economy. Farm owner is willing to hire Mexican workers in the United States, because they are much cheaper than other U.S. workers. Her friend, miguel, steal the money, he wanted to disappear. Hope it is not able to help her mother was very depressed. Finally, miguel returns and grandma to Mexico and Esperanza take grandma to California after money. Soon, the mother recovery. The end of the story is the same: \"never be afraid to start again. Esperanza learn to cope with her new life, to find true happiness and no wealth. Although Esperanza said she from the frog, she is a happy life and no wealth.。
第6颗豌豆续写小学英语作文The Sixth PeaIt was a warm summer evening in the small village where Peter lived with his family on their cozy little farm. The sun was just starting to set, casting a golden glow over the neatly tended fields and the quaint farmhouse where Peter's family had lived for generations. Peter was outside helping his father finish up the evening chores when he noticed something unusual in the vegetable gardenCurious, Peter wandered over to investigate and to his surprise he found a single pea pod that had somehow been overlooked during the last harvest It was larger and plumper than the others and seemed to almost glow in the fading sunlight Peter gently picked it and examined it closely The pod was a deep emerald green and felt heavy in his hand As he held it, he thought he detected a faint movement from withinExcited, Peter hurried to show his discovery to his father Who knows what treasure might be hidden inside that mysterious pea podPeter's father was equally intrigued and suggested they bring it inside to open it together after supper So with great care, Peter placed the pea pod on the kitchen counter and the family sat down to their evening meal, stealing frequent glances at the peculiar pod as they ateAfter the dishes were cleared, Peter and his parents gathered around the counter Peter slowly and gently pried open the pod His heart raced as he revealed not five, but six perfect little peas nestled inside Each one was a vibrant green and glistened as if freshly polished Peter gasped in amazement his parents peered in closer, equally astonished at the sight before them"I've never seen anything like this before " Peter's father murmured, running his fingers lightly over the peas "Six perfect peas in one pod - how extraordinary "Peter carefully picked up one of the peas and held it in the palm of his hand It felt warm and alive, as if it might start moving at any moment The family stared at it in wonder, unsure of what to make of this unusual find"What do you think it means?" asked Peter's mother, her eyes wide with curiosity"I'm not sure," replied his father, stroking his chin thoughtfully "But I have a feeling this pea is something very special Perhaps it holds a secret or a hidden message of some kind"The three of them sat in silence for a moment, each lost in their own thoughts about the mysterious sixth pea When suddenly, to their great surprise, the pea began to tremble and shake in Peter's hand! The family watched in stunned silence as the pea slowly cracked open, revealing a tiny figure curled up inside"It's a - a - a person!" exclaimed Peter, his voice barely above a whisperSure enough, nestled within the pea was a miniature human form - no bigger than Peter's thumb Yet despite its diminutive size, the tiny figure was unmistakably a person, with delicate features, wispy hair, and even the tiniest of fingers and toes Peter's parents stared in disbelief, their mouths agape, as the little being slowly unfurled and blinked open its eyesThe tiny person gazed up at the family with a serene expression, as if it had been expecting them all along Then, to their amazement, it spoke in a high, lilting voice:"Greetings, my friends. I am Peatrice, the Keeper of the Sixth Pea. Ihave been awaiting your arrival."Peter and his parents exchanged stunned glances, hardly daring to believe what they were seeing and hearing. A talking pea person? It was the most extraordinary thing they had ever encountered!"The Keeper of the Sixth Pea?" Peter repeated, his voice quivering slightly. "What do you mean?"Peatrice smiled serenely. "For centuries, my kind have guarded the secrets of the sixth pea - a pea imbued with ancient magic and power. You have been chosen to receive this gift, young Peter. The time has come to unlock its mysteries."Peter's heart raced as he listened to Peatrice's words. Him? Chosen? To unlock the secrets of an ancient magical pea? It was almost too much to comprehend. He glanced at his parents, who looked equally bewildered and captivated."But what is the secret of the sixth pea?" Peter asked, his curiosity burning. "And why have we been chosen?"Peatrice's smile widened. "All will be revealed in time, my friend. But first, you must agree to undertake a quest - a journey that will test your courage, your wisdom, and your heart. Are you willing to acceptthis challenge?"Peter hesitated for only a moment. How could he refuse such an extraordinary opportunity? This was a chance to uncover a real-life mystery, to embark on an adventure unlike any he had ever known. He glanced at his parents again, silently seeking their approval. They both nodded encouragingly, their eyes shining with a mixture of pride and trepidation.Taking a deep breath, Peter turned back to Peatrice and said, "Yes, I accept the challenge. I will go on this quest."Peatrice beamed. "Excellent, young Peter. Then let us begin your journey without delay." She paused, her expression turning more serious. "But be warned - the path ahead will not be an easy one. You must be prepared to face great dangers and overcome formidable obstacles. Are you certain you are ready?"Peter hesitated for only a moment, then nodded firmly. "I'm ready," he said, his voice filled with determination.Peatrice nodded approvingly. "Very well, then let us be off. Time is of the essence, and there is much work to be done." She gestured toward the pea pod, which had begun to glow with a faint, otherworldly light.Peter glanced at his parents one last time, seeing the same mix of pride and concern etched on their faces. Then, taking a deep breath, he carefully placed Peatrice back into the pea pod and followed her as she began to float upward, ascending toward the ceiling and disappearing through a shimmering portal that had suddenly appeared.As the portal closed behind them, Peter felt a surge of excitement and trepidation. He was about to embark on the adventure of a lifetime, one that would take him to places he had never even imagined. With Peatrice as his guide, he was ready to unlock the secrets of the sixth pea and discover the hidden wonders that lay in store.。
庞贝城的末日英语作文150词Unfortunately, I cannot provide a 1000-word essay in a single response within this platform. However, I can help you with an outline and a brief introduction to get you started on writing about the doom of Pompeii. Here's a shorter version of the essay that you can expand upon:$$The Doom of Pompeii$$Pompeii, a once vibrant and prosperous city, stands as a testament to the destructive forces of nature. Itsfateful end, buried beneath volcanic ash, remains a tragic tale of nature's wrath and humanity's helplessness.The city, located in the shadow of Mount Vesuvius, enjoyed a long period of prosperity. Its streets were bustling with life, filled with merchants, artisans, and citizens engaged in daily activities. The cityscape was adorned with temples, palaces, and theatres, all reflecting the grandeur and splendor of Roman civilization.However, the serene facade of Pompeii was shattered in a single cataclysmic event. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius, a volcano that had long been a silent guardian of the city,unleashed its fury. The sky darkened as ash and debris rained down, choking the air and obscuring the sun. Thecity's inhabitants, unaware of the impending doom, scrambled to escape the falling debris and searing heat.But escape was futile. The volcanic ash and lava flowed relentlessly, burying the city and its people beneath a thick layer of debris. Pompeii, once a vibrant city, was now a lifeless ruin, hidden from the world for centuries. The discovery of Pompeii in the 18th century revealed a snapshot of Roman life frozen in time. The preserved remains of buildings, streets, and even the casts of bodies provide a haunting glimpse into the city's final moments. Pompeii's tragic end serves as a reminder of the fragility of human civilization and the overwhelming power of nature. This brief outline can be expanded to include more details about the history of Pompeii, the events leading to its destruction, the archaeological discoveries made at the site, and the significance of Pompeii in understanding ancient Roman civilization. With further research and elaboration, you can develop a comprehensive and engaging essay on the doom of Pompeii.。
庞贝城的末日作文英语The Fateful Day of PompeiiOn a fateful day in 79 AD, the once-thriving city of Pompeii was forever changed. Nestled at the base of the ominous Mount Vesuvius, this bustling Roman town was a hub of activity, bustling with merchants, artisans, and citizens going about their daily lives. Little did they know that their world was about to be turned upside down in a matter of hours.The morning began like any other, with the sun rising over the rooftops and the sounds of the market echoing through the streets. The people of Pompeii were unaware of the impending disaster that was about to unfold. As the day wore on, the first signs of trouble began to emerge. Rumblings from the mountain could be heard, and a plume of smoke began to rise from the summit.Panic quickly set in as the residents realized that something was amiss. Some tried to flee the city, while others remained in their homes, unsure of what to do. The situation only grew more dire as the day wore on, with the rumblings from the mountain becoming increasingly violent and the smoke and ash pouring forth in greaterand greater quantities.As the afternoon wore on, the unthinkable happened. Mount Vesuvius erupted in a violent explosion, sending a massive column of ash and pumice high into the sky. The force of the eruption was so great that it sent a deadly pyroclastic flow racing down the mountain, engulfing the city in a matter of minutes.The people of Pompeii were caught completely off guard. Many were killed instantly, while others were trapped in their homes or on the streets, unable to escape the relentless onslaught of ash and debris. The city was quickly buried under a thick layer of volcanic material, preserving the remains of its inhabitants for centuries to come.In the aftermath of the disaster, the once-thriving city of Pompeii was reduced to a ghost town, a haunting reminder of the power of nature and the fragility of human life. The ruins of the city have since been excavated, revealing a wealth of information about life in ancient Rome and the tragic events of that fateful day.Today, Pompeii stands as a testament to the resilience of the human spirit and the enduring legacy of the past. Visitors from around the world come to explore the ruins, to walk the same streets as the ancient inhabitants, and to try to imagine the horror and chaos that unfolded on that fateful day.The story of Pompeii is one of tragedy and loss, but it is also a story of resilience and the enduring human spirit. It is a reminder that even in the face of the most devastating natural disasters, the human spirit can persevere and that the lessons of the past can help us to better prepare for the challenges of the future.。
the residents of 24 acacia阅读理解The Residents of 24 Acacia: A Tale of Community and UnityIn the peaceful neighborhood of Acacia Avenue, there is a special bond among the residents of number 24. From the outside, it may seem like an ordinary house, but behind its doors lies a story of connection, support, and a sense of belonging. This article will delve into the intriguing lives of the residents of 24 Acacia and explore the essence of community that thrives within its walls.The vibrant and diverse community of 24 Acacia consists of families, young professionals, and even retirees. Each of them brings a unique personality and background, contributing to the tapestry of this small neighborhood.One of the most inspiring aspects of the community at 24 Acacia is their dedication to fostering unity. They have established various initiatives to ensure everyone feels included and valued. Monthly neighborhood gatherings are held in the serene garden, where laughter and conversation fill the air. It is during these informal gatherings that friendships are deepened, and new connections are made.Furthermore, the residents of 24 Acacia understand the importance of supporting one another. They have an unwavering commitment to lending a helping hand to those in need. Whether it's organizing fundraising events for local charities or simply offering a listening ear, they stand together through thick and thin. This spirit of camaraderie has cultivated an atmosphere of trust and compassion within the community.Additionally, the residents of 24 Acacia understand the significance of maintaining their surroundings. They actively participate in neighborhood clean-up initiatives and take pride in ensuring their streets are pristine and beautiful. The well-kept gardens and meticulously maintained houses are a testament to their shared commitment to creating an aesthetically pleasing environment.Education is highly valued at 24 Acacia. The residents understand the impact of knowledge and actively promote educational opportunities for all age groups. They organize workshops, book clubs, and tutoring sessions, creating a platform for lifelong learning. Children thrive in this nurturing environment, and adults constantly embark on intellectual journeys, expanding their horizons.Another remarkable feature of 24 Acacia is their celebration of diverse cultures. The residents recognize the beauty of different traditions and actively engage in cultural exchanges. Festivals from around the world are celebrated with enthusiasm, showcasing the richness and diversity of the community.In conclusion, the residents of 24 Acacia exemplify the true essence of community and unity. Their commitment to fostering connections, supporting one another, maintaining their surroundings, promoting education, and celebrating diversity is truly inspiring. They have created a harmonious haven in which the bonds of friendship are strong, and a true sense of belonging is felt. The story of the residents of 24 Acacia serves as a reminder of the power of community and the positive impact it can have on individuals and society as a whole.。
ORIGINAL PAPERPelagibaca abyssi sp.nov.,of the family Rhodobacteraceae ,isolated from deep-sea waterYingfang Lin •Kai Tang •Shuhui Li •Keshao Liu •Jia Sun •Nianzhi JiaoReceived:4April 2014/Accepted:13June 2014/Published online:27June 2014ÓSpringer International Publishing Switzerland 2014Abstract A Gram-stain negative,oval-shaped,aerobic,catalase and oxidase-positive bacterium,designated JLT2014T ,was isolated from a deep-seawater sample (obtained at a 2,000m depth)of the Southeastern Pacific Ocean.The dominant fatty acids were identified as C 18:1x 7c/C 18:1x 6c,C 16:0and C 10:03-OH,which altogether represented 60.1%of the total.The predominant respiratory quinone was iden-tified as Q-10.The G ?C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 66.4mol %.The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol.Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate can be affiliated with the Roseobacter clade within the family Rhodobacteraceae .Strain JLT2014T exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value to Pelagibaca bermudensis HTCC2601T (sequence similarity value:97.6%).The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain JLT2014T and P.bermudensis HTCC2601T was 46.9±2%.Based on phenotypic properties and phylogenetic analysis,the name Pelagibaca abyssisp.nov.is proposed,with JLT2014T (=LMG 27363T-=CGMCC 1.12376T )as the type strain.Keywords Pelagibaca abyssi sp.nov.ÁAerobic ÁDeep-sea waterIntroductionA large number of strains within the family Rhodob-acteraceae have been obtained from diverse environ-ments such as seawater,marine dinoflagellates and sediments (Cho and Giovannoni 2006;Biebl et al.2005;Shiba 1991).Members of the Roseobacter clade within the family Rhodobacteraceae are ecologically and physiologically diverse,occupying a wide variety of lifestyles (Tang et al.2010).However,to our knowledge,only a few strains of the Roseobacter clade have been isolated from deep-sea water (Oh et al.2009;Lai et al.2011).In this study,the taxonomic status of a novel strain isolated from deep-sea water,strain JLT2014T ,has been determined by using phylogenetic,chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses.Based on this evidence,strain JLT2014T is considered to repre-sent a novel member of the genus Pelagibaca,which belongs to the Roseobacter clade within the family Rhodobacteraceae.At the time of writing,the genus Pelagibaca contains only one recognized species:Pelagibaca bermudensis HTCC2601T (Cho and Gio-vannoni 2006).Strain JLT2014T is thus proposed toElectronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10482-014-0219-z )contains supple-mentary material,which is available to authorized users.Y.Lin ÁK.Tang (&)ÁS.Li ÁK.Liu ÁJ.Sun ÁN.Jiao State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science,Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,People’s Republic of China e-mail:tangkai@Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (2014)106:507–513DOI 10.1007/s10482-014-0219-zrepresent a second species,for which the name Pelagibaca abyssi sp.nov.is proposed.Materials and methodsBacterial isolation and culture conditionsStrain JLT2014T was collected from deep-sea water (depth,2,000m)of the Southeastern Pacific Ocean (102°W,3°S).The seawater sample was spread on a plate containing marine agar2216(MA;Becton–Dickinson)and then incubated at25°C for1week. Strain JLT2014T was purified as single colonies by the direct plating method.The strain was preserved in marine broth2216(MB;Becton–Dickinson)at -80°C supplemented with15%(v/v)glycerol.P.bermudensis HTCC2601T(JCM13377,obtained from the Japan Collection of Microorganisms),Ci-treicella thiooxidans CHLG1T(DSM10146)and Salipiger mucescens A3T(DSM16094),both obtained from DSMZ(Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorgan-ismen und Zellkulturen GmbH,Braunschweig,Ger-many),were used as reference strains following growth under comparable conditions.Morphology and phenotypic characterization Morphological and physiological characteristics of strain JLT2014T were investigated using routine cultivation.Cell morphology was studied by using transmission electron microscopy(JEM-1230;JEOL USA).Gliding motility and aerobic/anaerobic culture tests were determined by the semi-solid puncture method(Dong and Cai2001).The Gram reaction was examined according to standard procedures described by Gerhardt et al.(1994).The optimum temperature,pH and NaCl concen-tration for growth were examined by monitoring the OD600in MB medium.The effect of temperature was explored at4,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50°C(pH 8,8.0%NaCl).The pH range studied was from5.0to 11.0,in increments of one pH unit(25°C,8.0% NaCl),by using the following buffers to adjust the pH: Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4for pH 5.0–7.0and Na2CO3/ NaHCO3for pH8.0–11.0.Medium pH was checked after autoclaving.The NaCl concentration ranged from0to13.0%(w/v),at intervals of1.0%(with incubation at25°C,pH8).Catalase activity was tested based on the formation of bubbles after adding a drop of3%H2O2solution to a fresh bacterial colony(Dong and Cai2001). Hydrolysis of casein(5%skimmed milk,w/v),starch (0.2%,w/v)and DNA(0.2%,w/v)were determined as described by the methods of Smibert and Krieg (1994).The presence of bacteriochlorophyll a was tested by the method of Pukall et al.(1999).The intracellular accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)was tested by Nile blue A staining after the strain was cultivated in MB at25°C for2days(Ostle and Holt1982).Sole carbon-source utilization was performed using Biolog GN2microplates(Ru¨ger and Krambeck1994).Other phenotypic and enzymatic characterizations of strain JLT2014T were conducted using API20E,API20NE and API ZYM kits (bioMe´rieux).The inoculum was prepared by sus-pending cells in sterile water after the strain was cultivated in MB at25°C for2days.Physiological saline,0.9%(w/v)NaCl solution,was added to all suspension media for API test strips.API20E and API 20NE test strips were read after24h of incubation at 25°C,while API ZYM test strips were read after4h of incubation at25°C.The results of API20E,API 20NE and API ZYM test strips were read according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Antimicrobial sus-ceptibility was tested by using the disk-diffusion plate method(Fraser and Jorgensen1997).Susceptibility was tested to the following15antimicrobial agents (amounts per disc):ampicillin(10l g),carbenicillin (100l g),chloromycetin(5l g),erythromycin (15l g),gentamicin(10l g),kanamycin(30l g), lincomycin(2l g),neomycin(30l g),novobiocin (5l g),penicillin(10l g),polymyxin B(300l g), rifampicin(5l g),streptomycin(10l g),tetracycline (30l g),vancomycin(30l g).ChemotaxonomyThe G?C content of genomic DNA was determined by the HPLC method of Mesbah et al.(1989)after DNA extraction and purification according to the method of Marmur(1961).Isoprenoid quinones were extracted by using the two-stage method described by Tindall(1990a,b)and analysed by HPLC.The cellular fatty acid composition was analyzed by the procedures described by Komagata&Suzuki(1987)after cells were grown on MA at25°C for2days,at which points cells were considered to be in the exponentialgrowth phase.Fatty acids were identified using the Microbial Identification System (MIDI)Sherlock version 6.0and the TSBA66.00library.Polar lipids were extracted using a chloroform/methanol system and analysed using two-dimensional thin-layer chro-matography (TLC),as described previously (Collins et al.1980;Kates 1986).Phylogenetic analysisGenomic DNA was prepared using a TIANamp Bacteria DNA Kit (Tiangen Biotech,DP302).Purity was assessed by the A 280/A 260and A 230/A 260ratios (Johnson 1994)with a NANODROP 2000spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific,USA).The 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR using universal bacterial primers 27F (50-AGA-GTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-30)and 1492R (50-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-30)(Embley 1991).The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JLT2014T and the sequences of related taxa were obtained from the GenBank database (NCBI)by using the EzTaxon-e server (/)to ascertain the sequence similarities between the strains (Kim et al.2012).Sequences alignment was performed with Bioedit 7.0.9(Hall 1999)and phylogenetic trees were generated by MEGA 5software using theneighbour-joining,Fig.1Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree,based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showing the relationship between strain JLT2014T and representatives of the family Rhodobacteraceae .Only values [50%are shown (1,000resamplings)at nodes.Parvularcula bermudensis HTCC 2503T was used as an outgroup.Filled and open circles indicate corresponding nodes recoveredreproducibly by all treeing methods or by two treeing methods,respectively.Bar 0.01substitutions per nucleotide positionmaximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood algo-rithm methods (Tamura et al.2011).The DNA–DNA hybridization experiments were conducted using the initial renaturation rate method (De Ley et al.1970).Hybridization was determined in four replicates.Results and discussionThe 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons to repre-sentative bacteria with validly published names indi-cated that strain JLT2014T was affiliated with the genus Pelagibaca within the family Rhodobacteraceae (Fig.1).In neighbour-joining,maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony trees,strain JLT2014T formed the same relationships with P.bermudensis HTCC2601T and C.thiooxidans CHLG1T (Fig.1;Fig.S1).The phylogenetic tree and sequence similarity values data indicated that the strain JLT2014T is most closely related to species affiliated with the Roseobact-er clade:P.bermudensis HTCC2601T (sequence sim-ilarity,97.6%),C.thiooxidans CHLG1T (sequence similarity,97.4%)and S.mucescens A3T (sequence similarity,96.4%).The GenBank accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1426nt)of strain JL2014T is JX878396.Strain JLT2014T was found to be aerobic,Gram-stain negative,ovoid,non-motile,0.9–1.2l m longand 0.8–1.0l m wide (Fig.2).After growth on MA medium 2days,cells of strain JLT2014T formed white,uniformly circular,convex and opaque colo-nies.Growth occurred at 4–40°C (optimum,25°C),pH 6.0–9.0(optimum,8.0)and with 1.0–13.0%(w/v)of NaCl (with good growth across a broad range of 5.0–12.0%).PHA granules were not produced and bacteriochlorophyll a was absent.Strain JLT2014T was found to be susceptible to ampicillin,carbenicillin,chloromycetin,erythromy-cin,gentamicin kanamycin,neomycin,novobiocin,penicillin,rifampicin,streptomycin and tetracycline,but resistant to lincomycin and polymyxin B.The major quinone of strain JLT2014T was identified as ubiquinone Q-10.The G ?C content of genomic DNA of strain JLT2014T was determined to be 66.4mol %.DNA–DNA relatedness value of strain JLT2014T with P.bermudensis HTCC2601T was 46.9±2%and with C.thiooxidans CHLG1T was 29.4±3%,respectively.These values are well below the thresh-old value of 70%that is recommended for delineation of bacterial genospecies (Wayne et al.1987).The differences of physiological characterization between JLT2014T and other related type strains of genera in family Rhodobacteraceae are given in Table 1and other characters are given in the species description.Although JLT2014T shares several char-acteristics with P.bermudensis HTCC2601T ,includ-ing positive for assimilation of gelatin and negative for activities of trypsin and a -chymotrypsin,strain JLT2014T can be distinguished from P.bermudensis HTCC2601T by characteristics such as the reduction of nitrate and activities of urease and DNase.Sole carbon-source utilization determined using Biolog GN2microplates is listed in Table S1.As seen from Table 2,the dominant fatty acids in strain JLT2014T were identified as C 18:1x 7c/C 18:1x 6c,C 16:0,C 10:03-OH.When compared with P.bermudensis HTCC2601T ,C.thiooxidans CHLG1T and S.mucescens A3T ,strain JLT2014T did not contain C 10:0,C 15:1x 6c,C 17:1anteiso x 9c C 16:1x 7c,C 16:1x 6c,C 18:1x 9c,C 12:03-OH and C 12:13-OH.In addition,C 9:0,C 16:0N alcohol ,anteiso-C 15:0,C 14:1x 5c,C 16:1x 5c,C 18:3x 6c,iso-C 13:03-OH and C 10:03-OH were found in JLT2014T .The polar lipids of strain JL2014T were identified as phosphatidylethanol-amine,phosphatidylglycerol,diphosphatidylglycerol,phosphatidylcholine,three unidentified phospholipids and an unknown glycolipid.The major polar lipids of P.bermudensis HTCC2601T were identifiedasFig.2Transmission electron micrograph of negatively stained cells of strain JLT2014T .Bar 1l mphosphatidylethanolamine,phosphatidylglycerol and di-phosphatidylglycerol,along with a small amount of an unidentified phospholipid and phosphatidylcholine. However,only strain JLT2014T was found to contain an unknown glycolipid(Fig.S2).Based on the data presented above,strain JLT2014T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pelagibaca in the family Rhodobacteraceae,for which the name Pelagibaca abyssi sp.nov.is proposed.Table1Differential characteristics of strain JLT2014T and type strains of three related taxa within the family Rhodobacteraceae Characteristic1234Source Sea water Sea water Sea water Hypersaline soil Oxygen requirement Strict aerobe Facultative anaerobe Aerobe Strict aerobe Optimum temperature(°C)2510–402520–40Nitrate reduction-?--DNase?---Urease-???Enzymic activity(API ZYM)Acid/Alkaline phosphatase?-?-Esterase lipase(C8)w?-?-Valine arylamidase w?-??Cystine arylamidase?-?-Trypsin--?-a-Chymotrypsin--?-Acid production from(API20E)L-arginine,L-lysine,L-ornithine-??-L-arabinose-?--Indole production w?---Voges–Proskauer test-??? Assimilation of(API20NE)Gelatin??-?N-Acetylglucosamine---?D-Mannitol-???D-Glucose--??Adipic acid-?-? Phenylacetic acid--?-Potassium gluconate---?DNA G?C mol%66.464.5*67.5–69.2*64.5*Data for the reference strains in table lines1–4were obtained from Martı´nez-Ca´novas et al.(2004),Sorokin et al.(2005)and Cho& Giovannoni(2006)*Data for the reference strains were obtained from Martı´nez-Ca´novas et al.(2004),Sorokin et al.(2005)and Cho&Giovannoni(2006) Strains1,JLT2014T;2,Pelagibaca bermudensis HTCC2601T;3,Citreicella thiooxidans HLG1T;4,Salipiger mucescens A3T Data of reference strains obtained from this study unless otherwise indicated.All strains were Gram-stain-negative and positive for oxidase and catalase activities.The major quinine was ubiquinone Q-10.From the result of tests in API20NE,API20E and API ZYM,all strains were negative for assimilation of D-mannose,trisodium citrate,malic acid,capric acid;hydrolysis of casein,starch, D-glucose,D-sorbitol,L-rhamnose,L-tryptophan,D-melibiose,amygdalin,sucrose,inositol;activity of lipase(C14),a-galactosidase,b-galactosidase,b–fucosidase,b-glucuronidase,b-glucosidase,a-mannosidase,N-acetyl-b-glucosaminidase;nitrate reduction and H2S production.All species were positive for esculin,leucine arylamidase,a-glucosidase,naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase.?, Positive;-,negative;w?weakly positiveDescription of Pelagibaca abyssi sp.nov Pelagibaca abyssi(a.bys’si.L.gen.n.abyssi of immense depths,living in the depth of the ocean).Cells are Gram-stain negative,ovoid or coccoid,non-motile and aerobic.Cells are0.9–1.2l m long and 0.8–1.0l m wide.Cells form the white,uniformly circular,convex and opaque colonies on MA medium. The bacterium is capable of growing in1.0–13.0%(w/ v)NaCl(good growth over the range5.0–12.0%),at 4–40°C(optimum,25°C)and at pH6.0–9.0(optimum, pH8.0).Negative for hydrolysis of starch,casein and urea.With the API20E test,positive for gelatinase, negative for nitrate reduction,H2S production,hydroly-sis of2-nitrophenyl-b-D-galactopyranoside and Voges–Proskauer test.Indole is weakly produced.The following substrates cannot be utilized for growth:D-glucose,D-mannose,D-sorbitol,L-rhamnose,L-ornithine,L-argi-nine,L-tryptophan,D-melibiose,L-arabinose,amygdalin, sucrose,citric acid or inositol.In assays with the API ZYM system,acid phosphatase,alkaline phosphatase, esterase(C4),leucine arylamidase,naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase,cystine arylamidase and a-glucosi-dase activities are present,esterase lipase(C8)and valine arylamidase are weakly present but trypsin,a-chymo-trypsin,b-glucuronidase,b-glucosidase,N-acetyl-b-glu-cosaminidase,a-mannosidase and a-fucosidase activities are absent.According to the API20NE test, esculin activity is present,but PNPG,D-mannitol, potassium gluconate,capric acid,adipic acid,malic acid and phenylacetic acid are absent.The predominant fatty acids are C18:1x7c/C18:1x6c,C16:0and C10:03-OH.The predominant isoprenoid quinone is Q-10.The major polar lipids include phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol.The G?C content of genomic DNA of the type strain is66.4mol%.The type strain JL2014T(=LMG27363T=CGMCC 1.12376T)was isolated from deep-sea water in southeastern Pacific Ocean.The GenBank accession number for the16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JLT2014T is JX878396.Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2013CB955700),the SOA Project(201105021),MELRI1304and the863Program (2012AA092003).ReferencesBiebl H,Allgaier M,Tindall BJ,Koblizek M,Lu¨nsdorf H, Pukall R,Wagner-Do¨bler,(2005)Dinoroseobacter shibae gen.nov.,sp.nov.,a new aerobic phototrophic bacterium isolated from dinoflagellates.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:1089–1096Table2Cellular fatty acid profiles of strain JLT2014T and type strains of three related taxa within the family RhodobacteraceaeFatty acid1234Straight-chainC9:0 3.2–––C10:0– 3.0 2.2–C12:0 3.116.4 2.3–C14:0 3.1 5.9––C16:014.416.511.710.7 C16:0N alcohol 1.3–––C18:07.011.6 3.6–Branched saturated acidsAnteiso-C15:0 2.2–––Unsaturated acidsC14:1x5c 1.3–––C15:1x6c–– 2.1–C15:1x5c–– 4.3–C16:1x5c 1.2–––C17:1anteiso x9c–– 4.0–C18:1x9c– 2.9––C18:1x7c11-methyl 3.2 1.9– 5.3 C18:3x6c 1.4–––C19:0cyclo x8c10.2– 4.1 5.2 Hydroxy fatty acidsC10:03-OH13.3–––C12:03-OH– 2.8 4.3–C12:13-OH––– 2.9 C14:02-OH tr–––Iso-C13:03-OH 1.1–––Summed features aSummed feature3–– 1.5–Summed feature832.439.060.076.0 a Summed features are groups of two or three fatty acids that cannot be separated by GLC with the MIDI System.Summed feature3comprises C16:1x7c and/or C16:1x6c.Summed feature8comprises C18:1x7c and/or C18:1x6cStrains1,JLT2014T;2,Pelagibaca bermudensis HTCC2601T; 3,Citreicella thiooxidans HLG1T;4,Salipiger mucescens A3T. 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