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成都七中（成都中学） 2017-2018 学年度下期高2020 届期末考试英语试卷考试时间： 120 分钟满分：150分第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每题 1 分，共 5 分）听下边 5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、 B、 C 三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应地点。
听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间往返答相关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does the man want to go?A. To a railway station.B. To a post office.C. To the seaside.2. What happened to the woman?A. She woke up late.B. She got to work late.C. She went to sleep late.3. What is the woman doing now?A. Baking cookies.B. Making a list.C. Shopping for groceries.4. How does the woman feel about the zoo?A. Sad.B. Impressed.C. Disappointed.5.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. Young people lose their jobseasily.B.Young people are too quick in making decisions.C.Young people seldom stay long in the same job.第二节（共15 小题，每题 1 分，共15 分）听下边 5 段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、 B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
说明: 本试卷共两卷, 第一卷和第二卷。
第一卷的答案请涂在答题卷的机读卡上, 第二卷的答案请写在答题卷上的规定位置。
交卷时只交答题卷。
试卷总分为150分, 考试时间为120分钟。
第一卷（选择题，共105分）第一部分听力测试（共两节，满分30分）第一节(共5小题，每小题1.5分；满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置；听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. At what time will the two speakers get to the sports meeting?A. 7:45.B. 8:00.C. 8:15.2. What’s the man’s opinion?A. Few college students are busy.B. Most college students are wild.C. He doesn’t agree with the woman.3. Where is the woman going?A. Singapore.B. Australia.C. Austria.4. Why is the woman studying English?A. To help her job.B. To find a good job.C. To go to America.5. What does the woman suggest?A. Leaving early for the airport.B. Phoning the airport before leaving home.C. Cancelling their plan.第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
成都七中2016-2017 学年度下期高2019 届期中考试英语试卷考试时间：120 分钟满分：150 分注意事项：1、本试卷分第I 卷（选择题）和第II 卷（非选择题）两部分。
2、考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上。
3、作答时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷和草稿纸上无效。
4、考试结束后，只将答题卡交回。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题共100 分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20 分）第一节（共5 小题；每小题1 分，满分5 分）听下面 5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where is the woman’s sister now?A.At home.B. At school.C. In hospital.2.What does the woman care about most?A.The size.B. The price.C. The location.3.What does the man mean?A.He is very busy today.B.He has to make a new schedule.C.He will talk to the woman today.4.What caused the noise?A.The woman cut her finger.B.Some plates were broken.C.The fridge made a terrible noise.5.How many people attended the meeting yesterday?A. 25.B. 50.C. 100.第二节（共15 小题；每小题1 分，满分15 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
第I 卷(共100 分)1. 答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2. 选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，每小题1.5 分，满分30 分）第一节听下面5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Why does the woman refuse to have more apple pie?A. It‟s not delicious.B. She has hardly had anything.C. She wants to be thinner.2.What season is it now?A.Spring.B. Summer.C. Winter.3.Who likes to read Chris Paine‟s book?A.Only the woman.B. Only the man.C. Both the man and thewoman.4.What do we know from the conversation？A.The woman understands Peter better.B.Peter uses too much American English.C.Both understand Peter well.5.What is the man doing？A.Asking for help.B. Making suggestions.C. Asking for permission.第二节听下面5 段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
四川省成都市第七中学高一英语上学期期末试卷含解析一、选择题31. Do you agree with the way she solved the problem .A. in whichB. thatC. /D. all the above参考答案：D略2. Don’t ________ women. They are as important as men for the development of society.A. look up toB. look down uponC. look out forD. look forward to参考答案：B略3. —What happened to Zhang Hao?—He broke his arm ________.A．when playing footballB．when played footballC．to play footballD．playing the football参考答案：Awhen playing football是when he was playing football的省略形式。
4. –Do you need any help, Lucy?--Yes. The job is I could do myself.A. less thanB. more thanC. no more thanD. not more than参考答案：B5. You’d better cut your hair short. Our school doesn’t __________ long hair.A. approve of students wearingB. approve students to wearC. approve students wearingD. approve of students to wear参考答案：A考查approve的用法，approve of sb doing “支持，赞成某人做某事”“你最好把头发剪短，我们学校不赞成学生留长发。
成都七中2017届半期考试练习(一)(By Spring)一、单项选择。
1. Without ________ electricity, how can we search for information on __________ Internet?A. /; aB. /; theC. the; theD. the; a2. --- It was sunny yesterday.--- __________. And a very good day for picnic, wasn’t it?A. So it wasB. So it isC. So was itD. So is it3. The trouble they had __________ the work completed on time is beyond description.A. to getB. gettingC. to be gettingD. got4. --- Have you had a good evening?--- Well, I __________ on my math, but it’s so difficult that I think I will have a break.A. workedB. was workingC. workD. have been working5. The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building____now.A. remainsB. is remainedC. is remainingD. have been remained6. This __________ girl is Nancy’s daughter.A. little lovely AustralianB. Australian littl e lovelyC. Australian lovely littleD. lovely little Australian7. They will __________ food and clothing __________ the homeless people.A. offer; withB. supply; toC. supply; withD. provide; to8. --- Did you enjoy yourself at the party? 【Spring老师智慧奉献】---Yes. I appreciated __________.A. to be invitedB. to have invitedC. being invitedD. having invited9. --- Shall we go biking in the suburbs this weekend?--- Well, __________.A. It’s your opinionB. I don’t mindC. It’s all up to youD. That’s your idea10. The man with a gun had a __________ expression on his face.A. satisfyingB. satisfactoryC. satisfyD. satisfied11. Tom has made _______ great progress this term and as _______ result he is praised by histeacher.A. /; aB. a; aC. a; theD. /; /12. With his two daughters _______ in senior high school at present, Mr. White has taken a part-time job.A. to studyB. studyingC. studiedD. having studied13. —I’ll meet you outside the cinema in an hour, OK?—_______ See you then.A. Oh really?B. That’s settled.C. Have you got that?D. Not at all.14. —Did yo u enjoy the party last weekend at Peter’s home?—Oh, sure. It has been years ____ I last enjoyed myself like that. 【Spring老师智慧奉献】A. sinceB. beforeC. untilD. when15. Hearing the _______ news that he faile d in the exam again, a _______ look appeared on his face.A. disappointed; disappointedB. disappointed; disappointingC. disappointing; disappointedD. disappointing; disappointing16. She waited and waited, and the exciting moment she had been looking forward to _______ at last.A. comingB. comeC. cameD. comes17. A car crashed on Sunday. However, all the passengers _______ the accident with only a few slightly injured.A. remainedB. stayedC. livedD. survived18. Life is full of surprises and you never know how things will _______.A. turn outB. put outC. break outD. set out19. You couldn’t imagine what difficulty they had last week _______ the fire under control.A. bringingB. broughtC. to bringD. bring20. L ike so many scientists before him, Gurdon shows us _______ the power of curiosity and perseverancecan lead us to great discoveries.A. whatB. howC. whenD. where21. Susan ’s scarf looks just the same as Mary ’s, but it cost _______ hers.A. as much twice asB. twice as much asC. as twice much asD. much as twice as22. Sandy, which is considered one of the strongest storms ever to affect the U.S. east coast,_______ 38 deaths so far. 【Spring 老师智慧奉献】A. causedB. had causedC. is causingD. has caused23. _______ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.A. CompareB. Having comparedC. ComparingD. Compared 24. The town offers entertainments of a kind, but _______ what you ’ll find in the city.A. nothing butB. anything likeC. nothing likeD. something like25. The most _______ names of the Americans are Smith, Johnson, Williams, Brown and Miller.A. ordinaryB. averageC. normalD. common26. We can improve our English ability by _______ of reading and listening to it a lot every day. A. method B. approach C. way D. means27. We are looking forward to J.K Rolling’s new book ________.A. publishedB. publishC. publishingD. to be published二、词汇运用（共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分）题组一根据下列各句意思，用方框内单词的适当形式填空完成句子。
高2025届阶段性测试英语试卷考试时间：120分钟满分：150分第一部分听力（共两节；每小题1.5分，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How will the speakers spend Sunday?A. By going swimming.B. By playing volleyball.C. By going for a cycle ride.2. What is important to the man?A. The cost.B. The time.C. The airline.3. How is the weather?A. Cool.B. Warm.C. Cold.4. What is the man going to do?A. Drop out of school.B. Try to get a scholarship.C. Continue his studies.5. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a school.B. In a hospital.C. In a restaurant.第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答6-7题。
6.Where will the bookcase be placed?A. In the living room.B. In the study.7.What is on the bed?A. Books.B. Clothes.听第7段材料，回答8-9题。
成都七中2017— 2018学年度上期高2018届入学考试英语试卷考试时间：120分钟试题满分：150分注意事项:1 .本试卷分第I 卷（选择题）和第II 卷（非选择题）两部分。
2 .考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。
3. 作答时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
4.考试结束后•将答题卡交回。
第I 卷第一部分听力（共两 节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答 案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共 5个小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从每题所给的 最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有 小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What kind of music does the w oman like? A. Classical music. B. Rock music.2. What does the w oma n w ant to buy?A. Sw eets and apples.B. Oran ges and apples.3. What does the man mean? A. He had a good time at the party.B. He does n 'tw ant to see his friends aga in.C. He didn 'enjoy the party at all.4. What does the w oma n suggest the man do? A. Go on a diet. B. Talk to her sister.5. What w ill the man probably do toni ght?A. Read Chapter 4.B. Study in the library.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
绝密★启用前2022必修一-外研版-成都第七中学（备考期末-综合测试卷）(本试卷不含听力)题号A卷B卷总分得分注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第一部分阅读［共两节，满分50分］第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A篇A big part of an American road trip is to get your music on as you head out on the highway and enjoy the sights and the scenery. Here are the top four scenic drives in America's southwest.Big Sur Coast Highway, CaliforniaIt is officially known as California State Route 1 with views of high mountains and rolling waves. Photo tip-just after you cross the bridge (going south), there's a parking area which is great for shots looking back towards the bridge.Las Vegas Boulevard, NevadaNumber two is not to be confused with “The Strip”in Las Vegas. It is worth checking out for its neon（霓虹）signs along the roadside. You can see the Hacienda Horse, Rider and the iconic Silver Slipper along this way which takes only 15 minutes to drive.Death Valley, CaliforniaAs the hottest, driest and lowest national park, Death Valley is a land of extremes. More than just a desert, Death V alley provides park visitors with a chance to admire natural beauty from the snow mountains to the wildflower fields and small oases（绿洲）to the endless desert.Red Rock Scenic Byway, ArizonaThe Scenic Byway is south on the way to Oak Creek, which is surrounded by an amazing landscape of red rock hills set against clear blue skies. The sandstone rock glows in the sunshine and it’s worth taking your hiking boots（靴子）and getting out into the landscape to experience its positive energy.()1. Who is the text probably written for?A.Hikers.B.Self-driving tourists.C. Photography lovers.D.Adventurers.( )2. What is recommended if you choose California State Route 1?A. Parking to listen to the waves.B. Enjoying the beauty of neon signs.C. Going for a hike on high mountains.D. Taking pictures across the bridge.()3.Which offers you impressive changes of natural views?A.Big Sur Coast Highway.s Vegas Boulevard.C.Death Valley.D. Red Rock Scenic Byway.B篇What are scientists? They are often described as gray-haired, white-coated dull scholars, But the world has changed. Young scientists are making their voices heard and releasing their powers on the world stage.This is also true in China. Biologist Wan Ruixue is one of the rising stars. At the age of 28 in 2018,Wan Ruixue received the 2018 Science& SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists. This is a global prize to honor outstanding scientists at an early stage of their careers.She focuses mainly on biomedicine and artificial intelligence.“Both are cutting-edge（前沿）technologies at an early stage of development,”she said. “So, I think they have great possibility to be developed. I think in the study of cutting-edge technologies, China and other leading countries in the world are standing on the same starting line. And in the study of structural biology, China is likely to become the leader.”She felt it was her fate to become a biologist. “I grew interested in the natural world when I was very young,” she said. In 2009,she entered Sun Yat-sen University. In her third year at the university, she realized that she wanted to do something related to biomedicine. So she emailed China's top biologist Shi Yigong, hoping to join his lab at Tsinghua University. Shi recognized her talent and welcomed her. Years of efforts at the lab have paid off. Her research on the high-definition 3-D structure of spliceosome（剪接体）led to a scientific breakthrough.Unlike many other young scientists who choose to go abroad for further study, Wan presently has no plan to go overseas. “The whole ecosystem for scientific research is continually improving in China,” she said, adding that now the country has great science facilities（设施）.()4.What does the underlined word “releasing” in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Giving out.B.Getting over.C.Finding out.D. Taking over.()5.What does Wan Ruixue feel about the study of cutting-edge technologies in China?A.Anxious.B.Confident.C.Disappointed.D.Satisfied.( )6. What can we learn about Wan Ruixue's journey of becoming a biologist?A. Her teacher leads her into the field.B.She 'finds it's easier than she thought.C. Her talent has been recognized.D. She thinks it's boring but worth trying.( )7. Which can be the best title of the text?A. China's Breakthrough in ScienceB. Rising Young Scientists in the WorldC.Wan Ruixue: A Rising Young ScientistD. New Image of Chinese ScientistsC篇Breathing is something you do all day long, without even thinking about it. However, you might be doing it wrong. Research shows that the way you breathe affects the amount of oxygen （氧气）you take in，as well as how you think and feel.So which is it? Do you breathe through your nose or your mouth? Some health experts recommend people breathe in through the nose and out through their mouth. Others say that people should just focus on breathing easily, paying no attention to their mouth or nose preference. But mouth breathing has also been connected with bad breath, high blood pressure and bad teeth.Nose breathing may improve how memories are stabilized （稳定）in our brains，according to Swedish researchers. During the study, participants smelled 12 different smells and they were asked to breathe either through their nose or mouth for an hour afterwards. Then, they were presented with the original set of smells and a new set. Those who smelled with their nose remembered the smells better.A research team recognized the differences in brain activity that happened when seven epilepsy（癫痫）patients breathed through the nose or through the mouth. The team found three areas of the brain where activity is connected with breathing. These areas showed more changes in brain activity only when volunteers breathed in through their noses.So, should people breathing through the mouth change their breathing habits? If you're happy with the way you breathe and you aren't experiencing any health problems, be yourself and just keep your own way. But if you think it might be time for a change, focus on breathing through your nose until it becomes a habit. It might help you survive an emergency.( )8. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Your life style.B. How you breathe.C. How you think and feel.D.The oxygen you take in.( )9. What did Swedish researchers find?A.Nose breathing may improve memory.B.Mouth breathing causes health problems.C. People breathing through the nose identify smells difficultly.D.People breathing through the mouth have a good sense of taste. ( )10.What is the effect of nose breathing according to the research?A. It helps one to stay healthy.B. It cures bad breath and snoring.C. It makes one's brain more active.D. It improves one's sense of smell.( )11.What does the author think of nose breathing?A. It's hard to get used to.B. It's suitable for everybody.C. It's what people have to do.D. It's what people can benefit from.D篇Art and science may seem like opposite things. One means the creative flow of ideas, and the other means cold, hard data-some people believe. In fact, the two have much in common. Now, a study finds art can help students remember better what they have learned in science class.Mariale Hardiman, an education specialist at Johns Hopkins University, noticed that students who used art in the classroom listened more carefully. They might ask more questions. They might volunteer more ideas. What's more, students seemed to remember more of what they had beentaught when their science lessons involved（涉及）art. To prove that，Hardiman teamed up with some researchers and six local schools.In the experiment, the researchers worked with teachers in 16 fifth-grade classrooms. They provided traditional science lessons and art-focused ones. In a traditional science class, for example, students might read aloud from a book. In the art-focused one, they might sing the information instead.The team randomly assigned（随机分配）each of the 350 students to either a traditional science classroom or an art-focused one. Students then learned science using that way for the whole unit about three weeks. When they changed to a new topic, they also changed to the other type of class. This way, each student had both an art-focused class and a traditional one. Every unit was taught in both ways, to different groups of students. This enabled the researchers to see how students did in both types of classes.The team found that students who started off in traditional classes performed better after they moved into an art-focused class. But those who started in an art-focused class did well even when they went back to a traditional science class. These students appeared to use some of the art techniques（技巧）after going back to a traditional class. Classroom teachers reported that many students continued to sing the songs that they had learned after finishing the unit. “The more we hear something, the more we retain it,” Hardiman says. “It suggests that the art may help students apply creative ways of learning on their own.”( )12. Why did Mariale Hardiman do the study?A. To prove the importance of art at school.B. To see if art might improve science learning.C. To find a way to help her students learn better.D.To know how to encourage students to ask questions.( )13. What were the students required to do in the experiment?A. Learn three units in total.B. Take two types of classes.C. Learn two topics for three weeks.D. Choose what they'd like to learn.()14. What does the underlined word “retain” in the last paragraph mean?A. Finish.B. Express.C. Improve.D. Memorize.( )15. What is the text mainly about?A.Art helps students develop creativity.B. Art-focused classes interest students a lot.C. Art can make science easier to remember.D. Art has something in common with science.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
四川省成都市第七中学高一英语上学期期末试卷含解析一、选择题1. Although ______ to stop, he kept on working.A. tellB. tellingC. having toldD. told参考答案：D2. —The film Slumdog Millionaire is wonderful.—________.It’s the biggest winner with 8 awards at the 81st Academy Awards.A．I don’t think soB．AbsolutelyC．That’s all rightD．That depends参考答案：B考查交际用语。
句意为：——《贫民窟的百万富翁》这部电影不错。
——确实！它以8个奖项成为第81届奥斯卡金像奖的最大赢家。
Absolutely当然是；正是如此，用于肯定别人说的话，符合语境。
I don’t think so我不这么认为，用于否定别人的观点；That’s all right 行，可以，没关系，是对道歉、感谢的答语；That depends视情况而定。
3. Mr.Li was made ___ manager of the company to __ the duties of Mr.Zhang, who was retiring soon.A. a; take upB. a; take overC./;take upD./;take over参考答案：D4. Time should be made use ______ meaningful things.A. of to doB. of doingC. to doD. doing参考答案：A略5. Today the river is still being used. Ships can be seen moving on ______ water now andthen. But it is no longer ______ busy water highway.A. a; theB. / ; aC. the;/D. the; a参考答案：D略6. The company was named Gates Hall ______ a man named James Gates.A. in need ofB. in search ofC. with the help ofD. in memory of参考答案：D7. The teacher _______ me to have another try.A. warnedB. suggestedC. hopedD. asked参考答案：D8. They _________ in the city since last summer.A. liveB. didn’t liveC. have livedD. live参考答案：C9. It is the husband, _______ the wife, that is to be responsible for the spoiled boy.A. other thatB. or ratherC. more thanD. rather than参考答案：D10. St Pertersburg, ______is a very beautiful city, was once called Leningrad..A. whichB. thatC. whenD. where参考答案：A11. What the president said encouraged the people _______ with all kinds of disabilities.A. livingB. to liveC. live D lived参考答案：A12. Students ______ respect teachers.A.should B．can C.will D.might参考答案：A13. The company provides cheap Internet access. ______, it makes shareware freely available.A. In additionB. In briefC. In returnD. In common参考答案：A略14. Many people thought highly of what he said, but , I thought he just showed himself off.A. personallyB. generallyC. especiallyD. specially参考答案：A15. They set out to ____ food to a distant village.A. directB. destroyC. deliverD. disqualify参考答案：C【详解】考查动词的辨析。
成都七中高2020届高一（上）阶段检测英语注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必在答题卡上将自己的姓名、座位号和准考证号用0.5毫米黑色签字笔填写清楚。
2.选择题使用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上对应题目标号的位置上，如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后再填涂其它答案；非选择题用0.5毫米黑色签字笔在答题卡的对应框内，超出答题区域答题的答案无效；在草稿纸上、试卷上答题无效。
3.考试结束后，将答题卡收回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）请听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话前，你都有5秒钟的时间阅读题目，听完后各小题出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What does Bob need?A.Asleep.B.A leaveC.A rest.2.How did Helen travel in the USA?A.By car.B.By bus.C.By train.3.Where does this conversation probably take place?A.At a gas station.B.At a railway station.C.In an airport.4.How does the man feel about the interview?A.Upset.B.Confiden.C.Confused.5.Why does the woman talk about her dinner guests?A.To suggest the man have dinner together.B.To remind indirectly the man to go off now.C.To invite the man to drink more coffee with them.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请听下面5段对话或独白。
