【2013职称英语】全国职称英语理工类2013教材阅读理解目录及文章word整理

全国职称英语综合类2013教材阅读理解目录整理及教材变化规律绿色为2012年4月的真题，2013年不列为考试范围，估计将真题更换为其他文章红色为12年新增到未考到文章综合类2012版教材的变化最大，大部分的阅读理解都是新增，估计2013版教材不会有太大变化，可能新增6篇文章2012版的教材变化有一个特点，那就是将一部分C级文章改为B级文章，一部分B级文章改为A级文章，大纲要求考C只需看C要求的文章，考B级要看B 和C的文章，考A级要看ABC的文章。

第一篇Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事（2012教材新增文章）第二篇Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference课外学习带来很大不同第三篇Milosevic's Death米洛舍维奇之死第四篇Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福第五篇Sino-Japan Animosity Lessens中日敌意减少第六篇TV Shows and Long Bus Trips看电视与长途汽车旅行第七篇Modern Sun Worshippers现代日光浴者第八篇The Changing Middle Class变化中的中产阶级(2012年4月真题）（2012教材新增文章）第九篇Single-parent Kids Do Best单亲幼儿最出色第十篇 A Letter from Alan艾伦的来信（2012教材新增文章）第十一篇The Development of Ballet芭蕾舞的发展（2012教材新增文章）第十二篇Smuggling走私第十三篇The Barbie Dolls芭比娃娃第十四篇Sleep睡眠第十五篇Orbital Space Plane轨道航天飞机第十六篇：The Sahara撒哈拉沙漠（2012教材新增文章）第十七篇：Eiffel Is an Eyeful引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔（2012教材新增文章）第十八篇：Goal of American Education（2011年教材中为C级文章）美国教育的目标（2012教材新增文章）第十九篇：The Family家庭（2012教材新增文章）第二十篇：Tales of the Terrible Past讲述可怕的过去（2012教材新增文章）第二十一篇：Spacing in Animals动物的空间距离（2012教材新增文章）第二十二篇：Some Things We Know about Language我们知道的关于语言的一些事情（2012教材新增文章）第二十三篇：The Only Way Is Up只好向上第二十四篇：Clone Farm克隆农场第二十五篇：Income收入第二十六篇：Seeing the World Centuries Ago看许久以前的世界（2012教材新增文章）第二十七篇：Importance of Services服务业的重要性第二十八篇：The National Park Service国家公园的服务机构第二十九篇：Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends发现自己变胖了？这得责怪朋友们第三十篇："Lucky" Lord Lucan-Alive or Dead“幸运的”鲁肯伯爵一是死是活（2012教材新增文章）第三十一篇Pool Watch泳池监护第三十二篇The Cherokee Nation柴罗基部落第三十三篇：Oseola McCarty老妇人（2012年4月真题）（2012教材新增文章）第三十四篇：To Have and Have Not逃亡（2012教材新增文章）第三十五篇：Going Her Own Way选择她自己的路（2012年4月真题）（2012教材新增文章）第三十六篇：A Tale of Scottish Rural Life一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事（2012教材新增文章）第三十七篇：Pop Music in Africa非洲的流行音乐（2012教材新增文章）第三十八篇：Why So Many Children为什么有这么多的孩子（2012教材新增文章）第三十九篇：Eat to Live为了活着吃饭（2012教材新增文章）第四十篇：New US Plan for Disease Prevention美国疾病预防新政策第四十一篇The Operation of International Airlines国际航空公司的经营第四十二篇Sauna桑拿浴第四十三篇Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?建筑设计能使建筑抵御恐怖袭击吗？第四十四篇Americans Get Touchy越来越爱肢体接触的美国人第四十五篇Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer女性在迷你裙上逗留的时间更长第四十六篇Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed捍卫进化论仍必要第四十七篇：Narrow Escape九死一生（2012教材新增文章）第四十八篇Finding Enlightenment in Scotland苏格兰启蒙运动第四十九篇The Beginning of American Literature美洲文学的开端第五十篇Older V olcanic Eruptions远古火山喷发。

2013年职称英语考试理工类A 级-阅读理解练习题及答案DD The volcanoes will come to life.42 Which of the following statements about Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun is true?A They were formed in 1984.B They are at the top of two active volcanoes.C They are not like most other crater lakes.D Water in them turns over regularly.43 Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode becauseA the gases rise to the top and mix with air.B people from the villages turn over the water.C scientists have put in a computer system.D they have more gases trapped at the bottom than other crater lakes44 A team of scientists hasA erected a pressure-releasing pipe in the lakeB identified the gases at the bottom of the lakeC built a beautiful fountain near the lakesD removed all dangerous gases from the lakes45 What do we learn from the last paragraph?A Scientists are planning to install pipes in all crater lakes.B Scientists still do not know how to prevent gas explosionsC Explosion disasters could be avoided in the futureD Warning systems have been set up in the villages nearby.参考答案：41 B 该题问的是Nyos和Monoun两湖喷发时会出现什么情况?第一段第五句提到，Monoun喷发时有毒气体随之而出。

2013年职称英语(理工类A )考试教材新增文章目录及内容下载汇总第四部分阅读理解（变化了3篇）第六部分完形填空（变化了3篇）具体名称如下：阅读理解：第十一篇：When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach第十九篇：Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience+第四十八篇：Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright 完型填空：第三篇：Giant Structures第八篇：Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures+第十三篇：Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our StomachOur senses aren‟t just delivering 汪strict view of what‟s going on in the world；they‟re affected by what‟s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who‟ve just eaten.Psychologists have known for decades that what‟s going on,inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis，France，wanted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain‟s high-level thinking processes get involved.Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry whe n they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word，each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they‟d seen — a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it. Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception ,not in thinking processes, Radel says.“This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs,” Radel says.词汇：threshold n.起点，开端；门槛disposal n.处理,处置;配置neutral adj.中性的；中立的motive n.动机，目的strive v.努力，力求;斗争注释：1. Our senses aren‟ t just delivering a strict view of ... in our heads:这个句子的大概意思是:我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界;五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响。

光盘资料第一部分 考纲解读一、概述总述：全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由人事部组织实施的一项国家级外语考试。

专业类别注：三类考试的共同点和不同点：每个级别的试卷内容，除综合类外，普通英语和专业英语题目各占50%。

对于类别的区分意义不大，原则上考生报综合、理工、卫生的任何一类都是可以的，考生可结合自身情况及单位规定进行报考。

在正式考试中，50%的题都是一样的。

等级总分：100分考试时间：120分钟注：参加考试的考生允许带一本普通的英语字典进入考场。

建议参加C 级和B 级考试的考生可以使用《牛津英汉双解词典（中级）》，参加A 级考试的考生适用《牛津英汉双解词典（高级）》，还可以同时考虑准备一本《牛津英语同义词词典》。

二、评价目标总目标：要求：（一）词汇量注：可以主要掌握2000个左右的核心单词和短语结构。

实际考试中出现的超纲词一般都会给出中文注释。

（二）语法知识注：不直接考查语法，对基本语法的考查融入到各类考题中，进行间接考查。

（三）阅读理解能力三、考试内容与试卷结构总述：A、B、C三个等级的考试各由6个部分组成，每个级别的考试题型一样、题量相同，但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难以程度不同。

考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。

试卷结构及考查目的（总题量65题，满分100分）题型材料类型答题要求考查目的题量分值第一部分词汇选项（四选一）15个句子给出15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

在一定语境下理解单词或短语的意义。

1515第二部分阅读判断（三选一）1篇短文（300～450词）给出7句话，要求应试者根据文章内容做出判断（正、误、没有直接或间接提到）。

识别和判断文章信息。

77第三部分概括大意与完成句子(选择搭配)1篇短文（300～450词）分两部分：1.概况大意（6选4）；2.完成句子（6选4）。

抓大意，掌握细节。

88第四部分阅读理解（四选一）3篇短文（各300～450词）每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项，要求应试者从中选择1个最佳答案。

2013职称英语阅读理解完形填空及译文解析[理工类-C]目录第一篇Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles (3)第二篇World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict (5)第三篇Citizen Scientists (8)第四篇Motoring Technology (10)第五篇Late-Night Drinking (12)第六篇2012版教材改为Making Light of Sleep (14)第七篇Sugar Power for Cell Phones (16)第八篇Eiffel Is an Eyeful (19)第九篇Egypt Felled by Famine (22)第十篇Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers (25)第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach 2013教材新增 (28)第十二篇Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass (31)第十三篇Invisibility Ring (33)第十四篇Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers (36)第十五篇Winged Robot Learns to Fly (38)第十六篇Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth (41)第十七篇 A Sunshade for the Planet (43)第十八篇Thirst for Oil (45)第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience2013 教材新增 (47)第二十篇Explorer of the Extreme Deep (50)第二十一篇Plant Gas (52)第二十二篇Snowflakes (54)第二十三篇Powering a City It's a Breeze. (56)第二十四篇Underground Coal Fires — a Looming Catastrophe (58)第二十五篇Eat to Live (61)第二十六篇Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently (64)第二十七篇Driven to Distraction (67)第二十八篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories (70)第二十九篇Food Fright (73)第三十篇Digital Realm (76)第一篇Captain Cook Arrow Legend (79)第二篇Avalanche and Its Safety , (80)第三篇Giant Structures 2013教材新增 (82)第四篇Animal's "Sixth Sense" (85)第五篇Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind (88)第六篇Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely (89)第七篇An Intelligent Car (91)第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures 2013教材新增 (93)第九篇Wonder Webs (96)第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights Loneliness 2012新增 (97)第一篇Ford Abandons Electric VehiclesThe Ford motor company’s abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology，analysts say．General Motors。

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇On the Trail of the Honey BadgerOn a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers (獾)The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers’ movements and behaviour as discreetly (谨慎地）as possible, without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behaviour. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before relea sing them. In view of the anima’s reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.“The problem with honey badgers Is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new,”he says. “That，combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they won’t be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They’re actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious (凶恶的) Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen. ’’The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animal’s fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got ail of its liquid requirements from its prey (猎物). The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fact that female badgers never socialised with each other.Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometres. Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an Important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people，it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animals，curiosity —or their sudden aggression. The badgers’ eating patterns, which had been disrupted, returned to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seemed to adopt the badgers’ relaxed attitude when near humans.28 Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari Desert?A To find where honey badgers live.B To observe how honey badgers behave.C To catch some honey badgers for food.D To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.29 What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?A They show interest in things they are not familiar with.B They are always looking for food.C They do not enjoy human company.D it is common for them to attack people.30 What did the team find out about honey badgers?A There were some creatures they did not eat.B They were afraid of poisonous creatures.C They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.D Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.31 Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?A They don't run very quickly.B They hunt over a very large area.C They defend their territory from other badgers.D They are more aggressive than females.32 What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?A They lost interest in people.B They became less aggressive towards other creatures.C They started eating more.D Other animals started working with them.第二篇Forecasting MethodsThere are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method a forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast.The first of these methods is the persistence method; the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degrees today, the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degrees tomorrow, if two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use.The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation (降水量) Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, using the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period of time. If they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or change directions, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.The climatology (气候学）method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over many years to make the forecast. For example, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for New York City on July 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July 4th and take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. If the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year, the climatology method will often fall.The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. It involves examining today’s forecast scenario (模式）and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very similar (an analog). The forecaster would predict that the weather in this forecast will behave the same as it did in the past. The analog method is difficult to use because It isvirtually impossible to find a predict analog. Various weather features rarely align themselves in the same locations as they were in the previous time. Even small differences between the current time and the analog can lead to very different results.36 Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned in choosing a forecasting method?A Necessary amount of information.B Creativity of the forecaster.C Degree of difficulty involved in forecasting.D Practical knowledge of the forecaster.37 The persistence method fails to work well whenA it is rainy.B it is sunny.C weather conditions stay stable.D weather conditions change greatly.38 The trends method works well whenA weather features are constant for a long period of time.B weather features are defined well enough.C predictions on precipitation are accurate.D the speed and direction of movement are predicable.39 The analog method should not be used in making a weather forecast whenA the analog looks complicated.B the analog is more than 10 years old.C the current weather scenario is different from the analog.D the current weather scenario is exactly the same as the analog.40 Historical weather data are necessary inA the persistence method and the trends method.B the trends method and the climatology method.C the climatology method and the analog method.D the persistence method and the analog method.第三篇Students Learn Better with Touchscreen DesksObserve the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world, and a few of the many complaints are more or less universal. Technology moves faster than the education system. Teachers must teach at the pace of the slowest student rather than the fastest. And - particularly in the United States - school children as a group don’t care much for, or excel（擅长）at, mathematics. So it's heartening to l earn that a new kind of “classroom of the future” shows promise at easing some of these problems, starting with that fundamental piece of classroom furniture: the desk.AUK study involving roughly 400 students, mostly aged 8-10 years, and a new generation of multi-touch, multi-user, computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last three years the technology has appreciably boosted students ’ math skills compare d with peers learning the same material via the conventional paper-and-pencil method. How? Through collaboration，mostly, as well as by giving teachers better tools by which to micromanage individual students who need some extra Instruction while allowing the rest of the class to continue moving forward.Traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy (效力）at increasing students’ fluency in mathematics, essentially through memorization and practice - dull, repetitive practice. But the researchers have concluded that these new touchscreen desks boost both fluency and flexibility - the critical thinking skills that allow students to solve complex problems not simply through knowing formulas and devices，but by being able to figure out what the real problem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving It.One reason for this, the researchers say, is the multi-touch aspect of the technology. Students working in the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop, each of them contributing and engaging with the problem as part of a group. Known as SynergyNet, the software uses computervision systems that see in the infrared (红外线的）spectrum to distinguish between different touches on different parts of the surface, allowing students to access and use tools on the screen, move objects and visual aids around on their desktops, and otherwise physically interact with the numbers and information on their screens. By using these screens collaboratively, the researchers say, the students are to some extent teaching themselves as those with a stronger grasp on difficult concepts pull other students forward along with them.41 Which of the following statements is NOT true of the public education system?A It does not catch up with the development of technology.B Some similar complaints about It are heard in different countries.C Teachers pay more attention to fast learners than slow learners.D Many students are not good at learning mathematics.42 What has been found after the new tech is employed?A Students become less active in learning mathematics.B Teachers are able to give individualized attention to students in need.C Students show preference to the conventional paper-and-pencil method.D The gap between slow learners and fast learners gets more noticeable.43 What is the benefit students get from the new tech?A It makes them more fluent in public speech.B It offers them more flexibility in choosing courses.C It Is effective in helping them solve physical problems.D It enables them to develop critical thinking ability.44 What happens when students are using the desktop of the new tech?A Every student has an individual tabletop.B The multi-touch function stimulates students.C The software installed automatically identifies different users.D Students use different tools to interact with each other.45 How does the new tech work to improve students, mathematical learning?A It enables them to work together.B It helps fast learners to learn faster.C It makes teachers’ instruction unnecessary.D It allows the whole class to learn at the same pace.。

Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs.These researchers tinker（修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.“They’re the best toys out there,”says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a robotics, a person who designs,builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors on Tinker toy cars to make them ter,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset’s labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than thecars,”Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots. Choset’s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don’t,such as rolling. Choset’s snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well.For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient’s chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful.What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea.Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.Even after15years of working with his team’s creations,“I still don’t get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.译文：机器人的大千世界制作、编程机器人的工程师的工作很吸引人。

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题第5部分：补全短文 (第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

Toads are Arthritic and in PainArthritis (关节炎）is an Illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads (蟾蜍），a big problem In the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs.___ (46)The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 1935 In an attempt to stop beetles and other Insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometres. ___ (47) A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species.The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth. ___ (48)A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometer a night. ___ (49) But speed and strength come at a price — arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them.In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop (跳跃）. ___ (50) These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones, continuing their constant march across the landscape.A Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australia’s native species.B Toads are not built to be road runners — they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.C But this advantage also has a big drawback — up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.D But arthritis didn’t slow down toads outside the laboratory, the researchers found.E The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.F Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances, while the others are being left behind.第6部分：完形填空（第51 ~65题，每题1分，共I5分）下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

*第三十一篇 Hurricane Katrina文章名称问题答案Hurricane Katrina31.Hurricane Katrina （理B ） 1) What is the eye of a hurricane? 2)Which of the following is NOT the “requirements ” mentioned inthe second paragraph?3) Which of the following is the best explanation of the word “drive ” in the third paragraph?4) What does the warm air mentioned in the fourth paragraph produce when it is rising from the sea surface?5)What is NOT true of Hurricane Katrina according to the lastparagraph?31.Hurricane Katrina （理B ） 1) A calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter.2) The tropical waters are warm and calm.3) To supply the motive force or power and cause to function. 4) Low pressure.5)The humanitarian crisis is as serious as that of the great depression.卡特里娜飓风31. 卡特里娜飓风（理B ） ①飓风眼是指____________。

②飓风形成的要求不包括______________。

Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright（阅读）1 .Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs? Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.2. Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding what made our ancestors walk upright.3. Kyoto, University's study discovered that chimpanzees. liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.4. Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during Kyoto University's experiment? Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.5.What can we infer from the reading passage? Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.研究人员发现人类开始直立行走的原因1我们大多数人每天都走路而且手里搬着东西。

这样的活动看似太简单，大多数人没有疑问。

但是一个国际研究者（包括乔治•华盛顿大学哥伦比亚艺术与科学学院的Richmond博士）团队已经发现了人类直立行走可能源于数百万年以前适应搬运稀有的、高质量的资源。

2013年职称英语理工B级，阅读理解方面没有新增文章，还是以2012年新增未考第四十篇Teaching Math，Teaching Anxiety 为重点。

完形填空方面同样没有新增，以2012年新增未考第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk为重点。

*第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching AnxietyIn a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at theUniversity of Chicagol1Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn:If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math."If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers2 in later grades, it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement3 said Levine. In other words,girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers4. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are,then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn -- and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone.Researchers use the word "anxiety" to describe such feelings: anxiety is uneasiness or worry.The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math, that feeling can influencehow her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls,52 boys and 17 first- andsecond-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year, and the researchers compared the scores.The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers:To find out which teachers were anxious about math,the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math, such as when reading a sales receipt5. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt, for example,was probably anxious about math.Boys,on average,were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On average,girls with math-anxiousteachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did.Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math -- and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety."This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in needof replication with a larger sample6," said David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri7 in Columbia.词汇：snowball /'snəubɔ:l/雪球；滚雪球式增长的事replication/repli'keiʃən/ n ．重复，复现superstar/'sju:pəsta:/ n．超级明星练习：1. University of Chicago：芝加哥大学。

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（B级）试题第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

The Tough Grass that Sweetens Our LivesSugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose（蔗糖）and was chewed on for its sweet taste. Over time, sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant，grown throughout the world. ___ (46)Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things, from confectionery (糖果点心）to medicine, and, as the demand for sugar grew, the industry became larger and more profitable.___(47) Many crops withered (枯萎）and died, despite growers, attempts to save them, and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.In the 1960s，scientists working in Barbados looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease. They experimented with breeding programmes, mixing genes from the wild species of sugar cane, which tends to be tougher, with genes from the more delicate, commercial type. ___ (48) This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially, but when this happens, it is expected to be incredibly profitable for the industry.___ (49) Brazil, which produces one quarter of the world’s sugar, has coordinated an international project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.Despite all the research, however, we still do not fully understand how the genes function in sugar cane. ___ (50) This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust, a disease which probably originated in India, but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world. Scientists believe they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.A Eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before, butalso much stronger and less likely to die from disease.B Since the 1960s, scientists have been analysing the mysteries of the sugar cane，s geneticcode.C One major gene has been identified by Dr. Angelique D’Hont and her team in Montpelier,France.D The majority of the world's sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.E Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar Is therefore more guaranteed.F Unfortunately, however, the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B级文章；其他为C级文章；阅读下面的短文。

每篇短文的后面有 5个问题，每个问题有 4个备选答案。

请根据短文的内容选择正确的答案。

第一篇Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第一篇福特放弃电动汽车The Ford motor company’s1abandonment of electric cars effectively signalsthe end of the road for the technology, analysts say. 分析人士评论，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽年的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。

1. The Ford motor company:福特汽车公司。

Henry Ford (1863--1947)美国汽车制造商，他改进了以汽油为燃料的汽车，成立了福特汽车公司 (1903年)，并大量生产昀早的大众负担得起且广泛使用的 T型车。

Abandon= give up 放弃General Motors2 and Honda3 ceased production of battery-powered cars in 1999, to focus on fuel cell4and hybrid electric gasoline engines5, which are more attractive to the consumer. Ford has now announced it will do the same.2. General Motors:美国通用汽车公司3. Honda:日本本田汽车公司Cease=stop停止，终止，结束to focus on聚焦于4. fuel cell:燃料电池，一种化学电池。

5. hybrid electric gasoline engines:电池和内燃机混杂使用的发动机，使用这种发动机的汽车被称为 : Hybrid electric vehicles，或 HEVs。

第三篇 Citizen Scientists (C级) 第三篇公民科学家Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle event—flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring —all around the world. But ecologist s can’t b e everywhere so they’re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, for help.理解大自然对气候变化有怎样的反应需要监视世界各个角落的关键生命周期事件——花开、叶子的出现、第一只青蛙叫出春天的到来。

但是生态学家不可能去到世界的各个角落，所以他们向非科学家求助，这些非科学家有时也被称作公民科学家。

frog n. 蛙ecologist n. 生态学家1.life cycle:生命周期，即生物发展过程的系列变化。

respond [英] [rispɔnd][美] [rɪspɑnd]vt.& vi.回答，响应vi.作出反应，响应；回报或回复turning [英] [tɜ:nɪŋ][美] [tə:nɪŋ]n.旋转；转向；转弯处；车工工艺v.转动；扭转；（使）变成；“turn”的现在分词复数：turningsClimate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they’re asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest —birds, trees, flowers bud ding, etc. —and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover ahyper-local beat, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that’s needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.气象科学家不可能足迹遍及天下。

2013年职称英语考试理工类A级-阅读理解练习题及答案A Phone That Knows You're BusyIt's a modern problem：you're too busy to be disturbed by incessant(连续不断的)phone calls so you turn your cellphone off .But if you don't remember to turn it back on when you're less busy.you could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you，you wouldn't have to turn it off at all. Instead，it could let calls through when you are not too busyA bunch of behavior sensors(传感器)and a clever piece of software could do just that，by analyzing your behavior to determine if it's a good time to interrupt you.If built into a phone，the system may decide you're too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later.James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system oil tiny microphones，cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity. First they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones stongly predict whether your mind is interruptedThe potential"busyness"signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed，the time of day，if other people were with the person in question，how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use.The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work . At random intervals，the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from"highly interruptible''to"highly not-interruptible" . Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors . "It is a shotgun(随意的)approach：we used all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important，" says HudsonThe model showed that using the keyboard，and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be.Interestingly，the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted . The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time，humans 77 per cent. Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message，whereas computers don't care.The first application for Hudson and Fogarty's system is likely to be in an instant messaging system，followed by office phones and cellphones."There is no technological roadblock(障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years，" says Hudson36 A big problem facing people today is thatA they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important calls.B they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quiet.C they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cellphone.D they are too busy to make phone calls.37 The behavior sensor and software system built in a phoneA could help store messages.B could send messages instantlyC could tell when it is wise to interrupt you.D could identify important phone calls.38 Scientists at Carnegie Menon University tried to find outA why office doors were often 1eft open.B when it was a good time to turn off the computer.C what questions office workers were bothered with.D which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy39 During the experiment，the subjects were askedA to control the sensors and the camera.B to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted.C to compare their behaviors with others'.D to analyze all the indicators of interruption.40 The computer performed better than people in the study becauseA the computer worked harder.B the computer was not busyC people tended to be biased.D people were not good at statistics.参考答案：36 A 该题问的是：当今人们面临的一个大的问题是什么文章第～句就给出了答案：人们太忙了，不能被连续不断的电话骚扰。

2013 年职称英语理工类 C 级试题(完整版代码 32)第 1 部分：词汇选项(第 1～15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分) 下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线， 请为每处划线部分确定 1 个意义最为接近的选项。

1. I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me. A. seized B. threw C. broke D. stretched 2. Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning. A. border B. goal C. peak D. level 3. It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already. A. right B. obvious C. unbelievable D. unclear 4. I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events. A. bring B. separate C. put D. set 5. We found shelter from the rain under the trees. A. defense B. standing C. protection D. room 6. This was an unexceptionally brutal attack. A. open B. cruel C. sudden D. direct 7. She gets aggressive when she is drunk.A. worried B. sleepy C. offensive D. anxious 8. We have to change the public's perception that money is everything. A. sight B. belief C. interest D. pressure 9. The odd thing was that he didn't recognize me. A. real B. whole C. strange D. same 10. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company. A. taught B. kept C. attracted D. changed 11. That performance was pretty impressive. A. completely B. very C. beautifully D. equally 12. The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine. A. bottom B. surface C. top D. structure 13. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge. A. passed by B. took a notice of C. woke up D. found by chance 14. "There is no other choice," she said in a harsh voice. A. firm B. softC. deep D. unkind 15. I have little information as regards her fitness for the post. A. about B. at C. with D. from 第 2 部分：阅读判断(第 16～22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分) 下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确 信息，请选择 A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。