sonnet 18 莎士比亚的作品《第十八行诗》赏析 英文版

sonnet18—byWilliamShakespeare赏析sonnet 18—by William Shakespeare赏析09级汉语言文学郑响英200921010128Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmedBut thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou owest;Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growest:So long as men can breathe，or eyes can see,So long lives，this and this gives life to thee.鲁迅《花边文学》中这样写到——严复提起过“狭斯丕尔”，一提便完；梁启超说过“莎士比亚”，也不见有人注意；田汉译了这人的一点作品，现在似乎不大流行了。

到今年，可又有些“莎士比亚”“莎士比亚”起来。

雨果也曾经这样评价到——迎着耻辱和嘲讽，莎士比亚跃出，头带风暴，冲破云层，幽晦的诗人写了一部作品，那样艰涩，那样壮丽、恢宏，光彩夺目，满是深渊，眩晕，光焰射向山顶，在未闻的幽境，那么阴沉、丰富，三百年来，思想家迷蒙，凝视他，惊愕，那是一切的归宿，那是人类心灵深处的一座山峰。

莎士比亚的第18首十四行诗的英文赏析我能否将你比作夏天？你比夏天更美丽温婉。

狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，夏日的勾留何其短暂。

休恋那丽日当空，转眼会云雾迷蒙。

休叹那百花飘零，催折于无常的天命。

唯有你永恒的夏日常新，你的美貌亦毫发无损。

死神也无缘将你幽禁，你在我永恒的诗中长存。

只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。

这首诗的艺术特点首先是在于它有着双重主题：一是赞美诗人爱友的美貌，二是歌颂了诗歌艺术的不朽力量。

其次就是诗人在诗中运用了新颖的比喻，但又自然而生动。

Sonnet 18, often alternately titled Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?, is one of the best-known of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. Part of the Fair Youth sequence (which comprises sonnets 1-126 in the accepted numbering stemming from the first edition in 1609), it is the first of the cycle after the opening sequence now described as the Procreation sonnets. Most scholars now agree that the original subject of the poem, the beloved to whom the poet is writing, is a male, though the poem is commonly used to describe a woman.In the sonnet, the poet compares his beloved to the summer season, and argues that his beloved is better. The poet also states that his beloved will live on forever through the words of the poem. Scholars have found parallels within the poem to Ovid's Tristia and Amores, both of which have love themes. Sonnet 18 is written in the typical Shakespearean sonnet form, having 14 lines of iambic pentameter ending in a rhymed couplet. Detailed exegeses have revealed several double meanings within the poem, giving it a greater depth of interpretation.Sonnet 18 is a typical English or Shakespearean sonnet. It consists of three quatrains followed by a couplet, and has the characteristic rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg. The poem carries the meaning of an Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet. Petrarchan sonnets typically discussed the love and beauty of a beloved, often an unattainable love, but not always.[5] It also contains a volta, or shift in the poem's subject matter, beginning with the third quatrain.A facsimile of the original printing of Sonnet 18.The poem starts with a line of adoration to the beloved—"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" The speaker then goes on to say that the beloved being described is both "more lovely and more temperate" than a summer's day. The speaker lists some things that are negative about summer. It is too short—"summer's lease hath alltoo short a date"—and sometimes the sun shines too hot—"Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines." However, the beloved being described has beauty that will last forever, unlike the fleeting beauty of a summer's day. By putting his love's beauty into the form of poetry, the poet is preserving it forever by the power of his written words. "So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee." The hope is that the two lovers can live on, if not through children, then through the poems brought forth by their love which, unlike children, will not fadeA major feature of this poem - analogy. Begins with the first sentence, put "you" and "Summer" as a analogy, compare the second line of the initial determination: Are you more lovely than the summer, more gentle. The difference is due to produce its in-depth analysis of 3 to 14 lines. Specifically, the first line of 3.4.5.6.7.8 enumerated the "summer" all kinds of regrets, and 9.10.11.12.13.14 line tells the "you" all kinds of advantages compared to the natural draw a final conclusion: "You" is far better than "Summer," "you" because in his poetry between the lines but also has a life, and time forever. Also noteworthy is the verse 13 and 14 are also, by analogy emphasized the "eternal nature."Throughout the poem, the poet freely to the "you" talk, it seems that "you" is a living person, to listen to his voice, understanding his thinking. So this poem can be said to be people in the application of techniques based on the written. The poem "You" refers to an object, academia, there are two explanations, one view is that it refers to beauty, and the other that it refers to poetry to express the good things. Now most scholars prefer the latter.One of the best known of Shakespeare’s sonnets, Sonnet 18 is memorable for the skillful and varied presentation of subject matter, in which the poet’s feelings reach a level of rapture unseen in the previous sonnets. The poet here abandons his quest for the youth to have a child, and instead glories in the youth’s beauty.On the surface, the poem is simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved; summer tends to unpleasant extremes of windiness and heat, but the beloved is always mild and temperate. Summer is incidentally personified as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion"; the imagery throughout is simple and unaffected, with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the "eternal summer", which the speaker promises the beloved. The language, too, is comparatively unadorned for the sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or assonance, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause--almost every line ends with some punctuation, which effects a pause. Initially, the poet poses a question―”Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”―and then reflects on it, remarking that the youth’s beauty far surpasses summer’s delights. The imagery is the very essence of simplicity: “wind”and “buds.”In the fourth line, legal terminology―”summer’s lease”―is introduced in contrast to the commonplace images in the first three lines. Note also the poet’s use of extremes in the phrases “more lovely,”“all too short,”and “too hot”; these phrases emphasize the young man’s beauty.Although lines 9 through 12 are marked by a more expansive tone and deeper feeling, the poet returns to the simplicity of the opening images. As one expects in Shakespeare’s sonnets, the proposition that the poet sets up in the first eight lines―that all nature is subject to imperfection―is now contrasted in these next four lines beginning with “But.”Although beauty naturally declines at some point―”And every fair from fair sometime declines”―the youth’s beauty will not; his unchanging appearance is atypical of nature’s steady progression. Even death is impotent against the youth’s beauty. Note the ambiguity in the phrase “eternal lines”: Are these “lines”the poet’s verses or the youth’s hoped-for children? Or are they simply wrinkles meant to represent the process of aging? Whatever the answer, the poet is jubilant in this sonnet because nothing threatens the young man’s beautiful appearance.Sonnet 18 is the first poem in the sonnets not to explicitly encourage the young man to have children. The "procreation" sequence of the first 17 sonnets ended with the speaker's realization that the young man might not need children to preserve his beauty; he could also live, the speaker writes at the end of Sonnet 17, "in my rhyme." Sonnet 18, then, is the first "rhyme"--the speaker's first attempt to preserve the young man's beauty for all time. An important theme of the sonnet (as it is an important theme throughout much of the sequence) is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever, carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."大多数莎学家认为，是作者赞美好友的超常之美的。

莎士比亚的第18首十四行诗的英文赏析我能否将你比作夏天？你比夏天更美丽温婉。

狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，夏日的勾留何其短暂。

休恋那丽日当空，转眼会云雾迷蒙。

休叹那百花飘零，催折于无常的天命。

唯有你永恒的夏日常新，你的美貌亦毫发无损。

死神也无缘将你幽禁，你在我永恒的诗中长存。

只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。

这首诗的艺术特点首先是在于它有着双重主题：一是赞美诗人爱友的美貌，二是歌颂了诗歌艺术的不朽力量。

其次就是诗人在诗中运用了新颖的比喻，但又自然而生动。

Sonnet 18, often alternately titled Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?, is one of the best-known of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. Part of the Fair Y outh sequence (which comprises sonnets 1-126 in the accepted numbering stemming from the first edition in 1609), it is the first of the cycle after the opening sequence now described as the Procreation sonnets. Most scholars now agree that the original subject of the poem, the beloved to whom the poet is writing, is a male, though the poem is commonly used to describe a woman.In the sonnet, the poet compares his beloved to the summer season, and argues that his beloved is better. The poet also states that his beloved will live on forever through the words of the poem. Scholars have found parallels within the poem to Ovid's Tristia and Amores, both of which have love themes. Sonnet 18 is written in the typical Shakespearean sonnet form, having 14 lines of iambic pentameter ending in a rhymed couplet. Detailed exegeses have revealed several double meanings within the poem, giving it a greater depth of interpretation.Sonnet 18 is a typical English or Shakespearean sonnet. It consists of three quatrains followed by a couplet, and has the characteristic rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg. The poem carries the meaning of an Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet. Petrarchan sonnets typically discussed the love and beauty of a beloved, often an unattainable love, but not always.[5] It also contains a volta, or shift in the poem's subject matter, beginning with the third quatrain.A facsimile of the original printing of Sonnet 18.The poem starts with a line of adoration to the beloved—"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" The speaker then goes on to say that the beloved being described is both "more lovely and more temperate" than a summer's day. Thespeaker lists some things that are negative about summer. It is too short—"summer's lease hath all too short a date"—and sometimes the sun shines too hot—"Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines." However, the beloved being described has beauty that will last forever, unlike the fleeting beauty of a summer's day. By putting his love's beauty into the form of poetry, the poet is preserving it forever by the power of his written words. "So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee." The hope is that the two lovers can live on, if not through children, then through the poems brought forth by their love which, unlike children, will not fadeA major feature of this poem - analogy. Begins with the first sentence, put "you" and "Summer" as a analogy, compare the second line of the initial determination: Are you more lovely than the summer, more gentle. The difference is due to produce its in-depth analysis of 3 to 14 lines. Specifically, the first line of 3.4.5.6.7.8 enumerated the "summer" all kinds of regrets, and 9.10.11.12.13.14 line tells the "you" all kinds of advantages compared to the natural draw a final conclusion: "Y ou" is far better than "Summer," "you" because in his poetry between the lines but also has a life, and time forever. Also noteworthy is the verse 13 and 14 are also, by analogy emphasized the "eternal nature."Throughout the poem, the poet freely to the "you" talk, it seems that "you" is a living person, to listen to his voice, understanding his thinking. So this poem can be said to be people in the application of techniques based on the written. The poem "Y ou" refers to an object, academia, there are two explanations, one view is that it refers to beauty, and the other that it refers to poetry to express the good things. Now most scholars prefer the latter.One of the best known of Shakespeare’s sonnets, Sonnet 18 is memorable for the skillful and varied presentation of subject matter, in which the poet’s feelings reach a level of rapture unseen in the previous sonnets. The poet here abandons his quest for the youth to have a child, and instead glories in the youth’s beauty.On the surface, the poem is simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved; summer tends to unpleasant extremes of windiness and heat, but the beloved is always mild and temperate. Summer is incidentally personified as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion"; the imagery throughout is simple and unaffected, with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the "eternal summer", which the speaker promises the beloved. The language, too, is comparatively unadorned for the sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or assonance, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause--almost every line ends with some punctuation, which effects a pause.Initially, the poet poses a question―”Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”―and then reflects on it, remarking that the youth’s beauty far surpasses summer’s delights. The imagery is the very essence of simplic ity: “wind”and “buds.”In the fourth line, legal terminology―”summer’s lease”―is introduced in contrast to the commonplace images in the first three lines. Note also the poet’s use of extremes in the phrases “more lovely,”“all too short,”and “too hot”; these phrases emphasize the young man’s beauty.Although lines 9 through 12 are marked by a more expansive tone and deeper feeling, the poetreturns to the simplicity of the opening images. As one expects in Shakespeare’s sonnets, the proposition that the poet sets up in the first eight lines―that all nature is subject to imperfection―is now contrasted in these next four lines beginning with “But.”Although beauty naturally declines at some point―”And every fair from fair sometime declines”―the youth’s beauty will not; his unchanging appearance is atypical of nature’s steady progression. Even death is impotent against the youth’s beauty. Note the ambiguity in the phrase “eternal lines”: Are these “lines”the poet’s verses or the youth’s hoped-for children? Or are they simply wrinkles meant to represent the process of aging? Whatever the answer, the poet is jubilant in this sonnet because nothing threatens the young man’s beautiful appearance.Sonnet 18 is the first poem in the sonnets not to explicitly encourage the young man to have children. The "procreation" sequence of the first 17 sonnets ended with the speaker's realization that the young man might not need children to preserve his beauty; he could also live, the speaker writes at the end of Sonnet 17, "in my rhyme." Sonnet 18, then, is the first "rhyme"--the speaker's first attempt to preserve the young man's beauty for all time. An important theme of the sonnet (as it is an important theme throughout much of the sequence) is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever, carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."大多数莎学家认为，是作者赞美好友的超常之美的。

莎士比亚的第18首十四行诗的英文赏析我能否将你比作夏天？你比夏天更美丽温婉。

狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，夏日的勾留何其短暂。

休恋那丽日当空，转眼会云雾迷蒙。

休叹那百花飘零，催折于无常的天命。

唯有你永恒的夏日常新，你的美貌亦毫发无损。

死神也无缘将你幽禁，你在我永恒的诗中长存。

只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。

这首诗的艺术特点首先是在于它有着双重主题：一是赞美诗人爱友的美貌，二是歌颂了诗歌艺术的不朽力量。

其次就是诗人在诗中运用了新颖的比喻，但又自然而生动。

Sonnet 18, often alternately titled Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?, is one of the best-known of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. Part of the Fair Youth sequence (which comprises sonnets 1-126 in the accepted numbering stemming from the first edition in 1609), it is the first of the cycle after the opening sequence now described as the Procreation sonnets. Most scholars now agree that the original subject of the poem, the beloved to whom the poet is writing, is a male, though the poem is commonly used to describe a woman.In the sonnet, the poet compares his beloved to the summer season, and argues that his beloved is better. The poet also states that his beloved will live on forever through the words of the poem. Scholars have found parallels within the poem to Ovid's Tristia and Amores, both of which have love themes. Sonnet 18 is written in the typical Shakespearean sonnet form, having 14 lines of iambic pentameter ending in a rhymed couplet. Detailed exegeses have revealed several double meanings within the poem, giving it a greater depth of interpretation.Sonnet 18 is a typical English or Shakespearean sonnet. It consists of three quatrains followed by a couplet, and has the characteristic rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg. The poem carries the meaning of an Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet. Petrarchan sonnets typically discussed the love and beauty of a beloved, often an unattainable love, but not always.[5] It also contains a volta, or shift in the poem's subject matter, beginning with the third quatrain.A facsimile of the original printing of Sonnet 18.The poem starts with a line of adoration to the beloved—"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" The speaker then goes on to say that the beloved being described is both "more lovely and more temperate" than a summer's day. The speaker lists some things that are negative about summer. It is too short—"summer's lease hath alltoo short a date"—and sometimes the sun shines too hot—"Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines." However, the beloved being described has beauty that will last forever, unlike the fleeting beauty of a summer's day. By putting his love's beauty into the form of poetry, the poet is preserving it forever by the power of his written words. "So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee." The hope is that the two lovers can live on, if not through children, then through the poems brought forth by their love which, unlike children, will not fadeA major feature of this poem - analogy. Begins with the first sentence, put "you" and "Summer" as a analogy, compare the second line of the initial determination: Are you more lovely than the summer, more gentle. The difference is due to produce its in-depth analysis of 3 to 14 lines. Specifically, the first line of 3.4.5.6.7.8 enumerated the "summer" all kinds of regrets, and 9.10.11.12.13.14 line tells the "you" all kinds of advantages compared to the natural draw a final conclusion: "You" is far better than "Summer," "you" because in his poetry between the lines but also has a life, and time forever. Also noteworthy is the verse 13 and 14 are also, by analogy emphasized the "eternal nature."Throughout the poem, the poet freely to the "you" talk, it seems that "you" is a living person, to listen to his voice, understanding his thinking. So this poem can be said to be people in the application of techniques based on the written. The poem "You" refers to an object, academia, there are two explanations, one view is that it refers to beauty, and the other that it refers to poetry to express the good things. Now most scholars prefer the latter.One of the best known of Shakespeare’s sonnets, Sonnet 18 is memorable for the skillful and varied presentation of subject matter, in which the poet’s feelings reach a level of rapture unseen in the previous sonnets. The poet here abandons his quest for the youth to have a child, and instead glories in the youth’s beauty.On the surface, the poem is simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved; summer tends to unpleasant extremes of windiness and heat, but the beloved is always mild and temperate. Summer is incidentally personified as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion"; the imagery throughout is simple and unaffected, with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the "eternal summer", which the speaker promises the beloved. The language, too, is comparatively unadorned for the sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or assonance, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause--almost every line ends with some punctuation, which effects a pause. Initially, the poet poses a question―”Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”―and then reflects on it, remarking that the youth’s beauty far surpasses summer’s delights. The imagery is the very essence of simplicity: “wind”and “buds.”In the fourth line, legal terminology―”summer’s lease”―is introduced in contrast to the commonplace images in the first three lines. Note also the poet’s use of extremes in the phrases “more lovely,”“all too short,”and “too hot”; these phrases emphasize the young man’s beauty.Although lines 9 through 12 are marked by a more expansive tone and deeper feeling, the poet returns to the simplicity of the opening images. As one expects in Shakespeare’s sonnets, the proposition that the poet sets up in the first eight lines―that all nature is subject to imperfection―is now contrasted in these next four lines beginning with “But.”Although beauty naturally declines at some point―”And every fair from fair sometime declines”―the youth’s beauty will not; his unchanging appearance is atypical of nature’s steady progression. Even death is impotent against the youth’s beauty. Note the ambiguity in the phrase “eternal lines”: Are these “lines”the poet’s verses or the youth’s hoped-for children? Or are they simply wrinkles meant to represent the process of aging? Whatever the answer, the poet is jubilant in this sonnet because nothing threatens the young man’s beautiful appearance.Sonnet 18 is the first poem in the sonnets not to explicitly encourage the young man to have children. The "procreation" sequence of the first 17 sonnets ended with the speaker's realization that the young man might not need children to preserve his beauty; he could also live, the speaker writes at the end of Sonnet 17, "in my rhyme." Sonnet 18, then, is the first "rhyme"--the speaker's first attempt to preserve the young man's beauty for all time. An important theme of the sonnet (as it is an important theme throughout much of the sequence) is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever, carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."大多数莎学家认为，是作者赞美好友的超常之美的。

莎士比亚的第18首十四行诗的英文赏析我能否将你比作夏天？你比夏天更美丽温婉。

狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，夏日的勾留何其短暂。

休恋那丽日当空，转眼会云雾迷蒙。

休叹那百花飘零，催折于无常的天命。

唯有你永恒的夏日常新，你的美貌亦毫发无损。

死神也无缘将你幽禁，你在我永恒的诗中长存。

只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。

这首诗的艺术特点首先是在于它有着双重主题：一是赞美诗人爱友的美貌，二是歌颂了诗歌艺术的不朽力量。

其次就是诗人在诗中运用了新颖的比喻，但又自然而生动。

Sonnet 18, often alternately titled Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?, is one of the best-known of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. Part of the Fair Youth sequence (which comprises sonnets 1-126 in the accepted numbering stemming from the first edition in 1609), it is the first of the cycle after the opening sequence now described as the Procreation sonnets. Most scholars now agree that the original subject of the poem, the beloved to whom the poet is writing, is a male, though the poem is commonly used to describe a woman.In the sonnet, the poet compares his beloved to the summer season, and argues that his beloved is better. The poet also states that his beloved will live on forever through the words of the poem. Scholars have found parallels within the poem to Ovid's Tristia and Amores, both of which have love themes. Sonnet 18 is written in the typical Shakespearean sonnet form, having 14 lines of iambic pentameter ending in a rhymed couplet. Detailed exegeses have revealed several double meanings within the poem, giving it a greater depth of interpretation.Sonnet 18 is a typical English or Shakespearean sonnet. It consists of three quatrains followed by a couplet, and has the characteristic rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg. The poem carries the meaning of an Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet. Petrarchan sonnets typically discussed the love and beauty of a beloved, often an unattainable love, but not always.[5] It also contains a volta, or shift in the poem's subject matter, beginning with the third quatrain.A facsimile of the original printing of Sonnet 18.The poem starts with a line of adoration to the beloved—"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" The speaker then goes on to say that the beloved being described is both "more lovely and more temperate" than a summer's day. The speaker lists some things that are negative about summer. It is too short—"summer's lease hath alltoo short a date"—and sometimes the sun shines too hot—"Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines." However, the beloved being described has beauty that will last forever, unlike the fleeting beauty of a summer's day. By putting his love's beauty into the form of poetry, the poet is preserving it forever by the power of his written words. "So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee." The hope is that the two lovers can live on, if not through children, then through the poems brought forth by their love which, unlike children, will not fadeA major feature of this poem - analogy. Begins with the first sentence, put "you" and "Summer" as a analogy, compare the second line of the initial determination: Are you more lovely than the summer, more gentle. The difference is due to produce its in-depth analysis of 3 to 14 lines. Specifically, the first line of 3.4.5.6.7.8 enumerated the "summer" all kinds of regrets, and 9.10.11.12.13.14 line tells the "you" all kinds of advantages compared to the natural draw a final conclusion: "You" is far better than "Summer," "you" because in his poetry between the lines but also has a life, and time forever. Also noteworthy is the verse 13 and 14 are also, by analogy emphasized the "eternal nature."Throughout the poem, the poet freely to the "you" talk, it seems that "you" is a living person, to listen to his voice, understanding his thinking. So this poem can be said to be people in the application of techniques based on the written. The poem "You" refers to an object, academia, there are two explanations, one view is that it refers to beauty, and the other that it refers to poetry to express the good things. Now most scholars prefer the latter.One of the best known of Shakespeare’s sonnets, Sonnet 18 is memorable for the skillful and varied presentation of subject matter, in which the poet’s feelings reach a level of rapture unseen in the previous sonnets. The poet here abandons his quest for the youth to have a child, and instead glories in the youth’s beauty.On the surface, the poem is simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved; summer tends to unpleasant extremes of windiness and heat, but the beloved is always mild and temperate. Summer is incidentally personified as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion"; the imagery throughout is simple and unaffected, with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the "eternal summer", which the speaker promises the beloved. The language, too, is comparatively unadorned for the sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or assonance, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause--almost every line ends with some punctuation, which effects a pause. Initially, the poet poses a question―”Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”―and then reflects on it, remarking that the youth’s beauty far surpasses summer’s delights. The imagery is the very essence of simplicity: “wind”and “buds.”In the fourth line, legal terminology―”summer’s lease”―is introduced in contrast to the commonplace images in the first three lines. Note also the poet’s use of extremes in the phrases “more lovely,”“all too short,”and “too hot”; these phrases emphasize the young man’s beauty.Although lines 9 through 12 are marked by a more expansive tone and deeper feeling, the poet returns to the simplicity of the opening images. As one expects in Shakespeare’s sonnets, the proposition that the poet sets up in the first eight lines―that all nature is subject to imperfection―is now contrasted in these next four lines beginning with “But.”Although beauty naturally declines at some point―”And every fair from fair sometime declines”―the youth’s beauty will not; his unchanging appearance is atypical of nature’s steady progression. Even death is impotent against the youth’s beauty. Note the ambiguity in the phrase “eternal lines”: Are these “lines”the poet’s verses or the youth’s hoped-for children? Or are they simply wrinkles meant to represent the process of aging? Whatever the answer, the poet is jubilant in this sonnet because nothing threatens the young man’s beautiful appearance.Sonnet 18 is the first poem in the sonnets not to explicitly encourage the young man to have children. The "procreation" sequence of the first 17 sonnets ended with the speaker's realization that the young man might not need children to preserve his beauty; he could also live, the speaker writes at the end of Sonnet 17, "in my rhyme." Sonnet 18, then, is the first "rhyme"--the speaker's first attempt to preserve the young man's beauty for all time. An important theme of the sonnet (as it is an important theme throughout much of the sequence) is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever, carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."大多数莎学家认为，是作者赞美好友的超常之美的。

莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首的英文评论和赏析18 18我是否可以把你比喻成夏天？Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和：Thou art more lovely and more temperate:狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断，Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过；And summer's lease hath all too short a date:有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热，Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗；And often is his gold complexion dimmed, 而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落，And every fair from fair sometime declines,被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜；By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽，But thy eternal summer shall not fade,你所拥有的美貌也不会消失，Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫，Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时；When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,只要有人类生存，或人有眼睛，So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.注：第11行语出《旧约•诗篇》第23篇第4节：“虽然我穿行于死荫之幽谷，但我不怕罹祸，因为你与我同在……”英文赏析：This is one of the most famous of all the sonnets, justifiably so. But it would be a mistake to take it entirely in isolation, for it links in with so many of the other sonnets through the themes of the descriptive power of verse; the ability of the poet to depict the fair youth adequately, or not; and the immortality conveyed through being hymned in these 'eternal lines'. It is noticeable that here the poet is full of confidence that his verse will live as long as there are people drawing breath upon the earth, whereas later he apologises for his poor wit and his humble lines which are inadequate to encompass all the youth's excellence. Now, perhaps in the early days of his love, there is no such self-doubt and the eternal summer of the youth is preserved forever in the poet's lines. The poem also works at a rather curious level of achieving its objective through dispraise. The summer's day is found to be lacking in so many respects (too short, too hot, too rough, sometimes too dingy), but curiously enough one is left with the abiding impression that 'the lovely boy' is in fact like a summer's day at its best, fair, warm, sunny, temperate, one of the darling buds of May, and that all his beauty has been wonderfully highlighted by the comparison。

对于莎士比亚18行诗看法英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1William Shakespeare is widely recognized as one of the greatest playwrights and poets in the English language. His works have had a profound impact on literature and theater for centuries. One of his most enduring forms of poetry is the Shakespearean sonnet, also known as the Shakespearean 18-line poem.The Shakespearean 18-line poem is a variation of the more common 14-line sonnet. It follows a rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef gg, with a slightly different structure than the traditional sonnet. This form of poetry allows Shakespeare to explore complex themes and emotions in a concise and structured manner.One of the reasons why Shakespeare's 18-line poems are so enduring is the timeless nature of his themes. Shakespeare's works often explore universal themes such as love, death, and fate, which continue to resonate with audiences today. The use of iambic pentameter and intricate rhyme schemes adds to thebeauty and lyricism of his poetry, making it a joy to read and analyze.In addition, Shakespeare's ability to craft vivid imagery and powerful metaphors in his 18-line poems further enhances the emotional impact of his work. His poems are filled with evocative language and memorable phrases that linger in the mind of the reader long after they have finished reading.Furthermore, the Shakespearean 18-line poem allows Shakespeare to experiment with different forms and structures in his poetry. By deviating from the traditional sonnet form, Shakespeare is able to create unique and innovative works that showcase his versatility and skill as a poet.Overall, the Shakespearean 18-line poem is a testament to Shakespeare's genius and enduring legacy in the world of literature. His ability to capture the complexities of human emotion and experience in a structured and poignant manner continues to inspire readers and scholars alike. Shakespeare's 18-line poems are a shining example of his mastery of the English language and his profound understanding of the human condition.篇2William Shakespeare, the greatest playwright in the history of English literature, was not only a master of drama but also a skilled poet. One of his most famous poetic forms is the Shakespearean sonnet, which consists of 14 lines with a specific rhyme scheme. Among his collection of sonnets, the 18-line sonnet stands out as a unique and intriguing form.The 18-line sonnet, also known as a "Shakespearean extension," is a variant of the traditional 14-line sonnet. It consists of three quatrains and a final couplet, with an abab cdcd efef gg rhyme scheme. This form allows Shakespeare to explore more complex themes and ideas in his poetry, providing a deeper insight into the human experience.One of the most striking features of the 18-line sonnet is its length, which allows for a more expansive exploration of a topic. Shakespeare takes advantage of this extended form to delve into the complexities of love, beauty, and mortality in a more nuanced and intricate way. The additional lines provide a richer tapestry of emotions and ideas, giving the reader a more profound understanding of the poet's thoughts and feelings.In addition, the 18-line sonnet allows Shakespeare to experiment with different poetic devices and techniques. He uses vivid imagery, metaphors, and wordplay to create a poeticlandscape that is both vivid and evocative. The extended form also allows for a more complex structure, with each quatrain building upon the previous one to create a cohesive and unified whole.Furthermore, the 18-line sonnet showcases Shakespeare's mastery of language and meter. His use of iambic pentameter gives his poetry a musical quality, with each line flowing smoothly and melodically. The rhyme scheme adds to the sonnet's lyrical resonance, creating a sense of harmony and balance that is both pleasing to the ear and satisfying to the mind.Overall, the 18-line sonnet is a testament to Shakespeare's genius as a poet. Its extended form allows him to delve deeper into the complexities of human emotion and experience, creating a poetic masterpiece that is both timeless and universal. Through his skillful use of language, imagery, and structure, Shakespeare has created a body of work that continues to inspire and captivate readers to this day.篇3William Shakespeare's 18-line poems, also known as sonnets, are some of the most beautiful and enduring works of poetry inthe English language. These sonnets are widely regarded as some of the greatest love poems ever written. Shakespeare's sonnets are known for their intricate rhyme schemes, deep emotional themes, and masterful use of language. In this essay, we will explore the significance and beauty of Shakespeare's18-line poems.First and foremost, Shakespeare's sonnets are notable for their exploration of themes such as love, beauty, time, and mortality. The poems express a wide range of emotions, from the ecstasy of love to the agony of heartbreak. Shakespeare's sonnets examine the complexities of human relationships and the fleeting nature of beauty and youth. The depth and complexity of these themes have made Shakespeare's sonnets timeless works of literature that continue to resonate with audiences today.In addition to their emotional depth, Shakespeare's sonnets are also celebrated for their linguistic brilliance. The poems are written in iambic pentameter, a rhythmic pattern that gives them a lyrical quality when read aloud. Shakespeare's use of metaphor, imagery, and wordplay is unparalleled, creating vivid and evocative descriptions that capture the reader's imagination. The sonnets are also known for their intricate rhyme schemes, witheach poem following a specific pattern of rhyming lines that adds to their musicality and elegance.Another reason for the enduring popularity of Shakespeare's sonnets is their universal appeal. The themes of love, beauty, and mortality explored in the poems are timeless and resonate with readers of all ages and backgrounds. The sonnets speak to the universal human experience, capturing the joys and sorrows of love and the fleeting nature of life. This universal resonance has ensured that Shakespeare's sonnets are cherished by readers around the world for centuries.Despite their age, Shakespeare's sonnets remain as relevant and poignant today as they were when they were first written. The themes of love, beauty, and mortality explored in these poems are universal and timeless, speaking to the human experience in a way that transcends time and place. The linguistic brilliance, emotional depth, and universal appeal of Shakespeare's sonnets have secured their place as some of the greatest works of poetry in the English language.In conclusion, William Shakespeare's 18-line poems are masterpieces of literature that continue to captivate and inspire readers around the world. The sonnets' exploration of themes such as love, beauty, and mortality, their linguistic brilliance, andtheir universal appeal have ensured their lasting legacy in the canon of English literature. Shakespeare's sonnets are timeless works of art that continue to move and delight readers with their beauty and emotional depth.。

莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首的英文评论和赏析18 18我是否可以把你比喻成夏天？ Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和： Thou art more lovely and more temperate:狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断， Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过； And summer's lease hath all too short a date:有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热， Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗； And often is his gold complexion dimmed,而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落， And every fair from fair sometime declines,被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜； By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽， But thy eternal summer shall not fade,你所拥有的美貌也不会消失， Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫， Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时； When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,只要有人类生存，或人有眼睛， So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.注：第11行语出《旧约•诗篇》第23篇第4节：“虽然我穿行于死荫之幽谷，但我不怕罹祸，因为你与我同在……”英文赏析：This is one of the most famous of all the sonnets, justifiably so. But it would be a mistake to take it entirely in isolation, for it links in with so many of the other sonnets through the themes of the descriptive power of verse; the ability of the poet to depict the fair youth adequately, or not; and the immortality conveyed through being hymned in these 'eternal lines'. It is noticeable that here the poet is full of confidence that his verse will live as long as there are people drawing breath upon the earth, whereas later he apologises for his poor wit and his humble lines which are inadequate to encompass all the youth's excellence. Now, perhaps in the early days of his love, there is no such self-doubt and the eternal summer of the youth is preserved forever in the poet's lines. The poem also works at a rather curious level of achieving its objective through dispraise. The summer's day is found to be lacking in so many respects (too short, too hot, too rough, sometimes too dingy), but curiously enough one is left with the abiding impression that 'the lovely boy' is in fact like a summer's day at its best, fair, warm, sunny, temperate, one of the darling buds of May, and that all his beauty has been wonderfully highlighted by the comparison。

Sonnet 18By William ShakespeareShall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shinesAnd often is his gold complexion dimed;And every fair form fair sometimes declines,By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade. When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe,or eyes can see,So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.十四行诗（其十八）威廉·莎士比亚我能把你比作夏日吗？尽管你更可爱、更温和；夏日的狂风可能会摧残五月的花儿，季节的限制又减少了可拥有的日光；天空的巨眼有时过于灼热，常使自身的辉煌无故湮没；每一种美都会消逝，不管愿意或是无奈；然而你这盛夏将永存不朽，连你所有的美都不会褪去；死神不忍逼近，生命只会长存；只要人类能呼吸，能看见；我的诗就会存在，而你的生命也会延续。

S o n n e t18诗歌赏析-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIANEnglish Poetry Appreciation --Sonnet 181.RhymeThe first 12 lines rhyme every other line and t he last two lines’end rhymes are the same, which forms the rhyme-scheme of abab, cdcd, efef, gg.(Sonnet 18William Shakespeare (1564-1616)Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day /ei/ aThou art more lovely and more temperate: /eit/ bRough winds do shake the darling buds of May, /ei/ aAnd summer’s lease hath all too short a date, /eit/ bSometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, /aiz/ cAnd often is his gold complexion dimed: /imd/ dAnd every fair form fair sometimes declines, /aiz/ cBy chance or nature’s changing course untrimm’d: /imd/ dBut thy eternal summer shall not fade, /eid/ eNor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st: /??st/ fNor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade, /eid/ eWhen in eternal lines to time thou grow’st. /??st / fSo long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, /i?/ gSo long lives this, and this gives life to thee. /i?/ g)2.MeterEach line in this sonnet is in iambic pentameter which means each line has five feet, usually an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable.For example, we can divide the first line into five independent feet as “Shall I / compare / thee to/ a sum / mer’s day”with accents on shall, com, thee, a, mer respectively. (Sonnet 18William Shakespeare (1564-1616)Shall I/ compare/ thee to/ a sum/mer’s day?Thou art/ more love/ly and/ more tem/perate:Rough winds/ do shake/ the dar/ling buds/ of May,And sum/mer’s lease/ hath all/ too short/ a date:Sometimes/ too hot/ the eye/ of hea/ven shinesAnd of/ten is/ his gold/ complexion dimm’d;And eve/ry fair/ form fair/ sometimes/ declines,By chance/ or na/ture’s changing/ course un/trimm’d;But thy/ eter/nal sum/mer shall/ not fade,Nor lose/ posse/ssion of/ that fair/ thou ow’st;Nor shall/ death brag/ thou wan/der’st in/ his shade.When in/ eter/nal lines/ to time/ thou grow’st:So long/ as men/ can breathe/, or eyes/ can see,So long/ lives this/, and this/ gives life/ to thee.)3.The Rhetorical Devices3.1 Simile and Rhetoric QuestionExample: Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Simile: Summer and “you” are not similar on the surface, but virtually they are the representatives of beauty.Rhetoric Question: It is also a rhetorical question, that is, formally it’s a question. Readers don't need to answer because the answer is very clear.3.2 MetaphorExample: And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:The summer’s day is compared to a house, which is the thing we lend from the nature. Therefore, it’s period of use is limited, and italso insinuates the time that the duration of youth and beauty is limited.3.3 PersonificationExample: And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;Obviously the poet compares the sun to a man, so he depicts his complexion. (Complexion is usually used to describe someone.) 3.4 HyperboleExample: But thy eternal summer shall not fade,According to the laws of nature, every beautiful thing will gradually lose their beauty, so how can the beauty of the person who the poet describes be eternal?4.ThemeIn the beginning quatrain, the poet compares his friend to a beautiful summer’s day in order to arouse readers’ wonderful imagination. However, the poet realizes that the metaphor can’t express his high praise for his friend because summer will fade away though it’s beautiful. Then how to make the beauty of his friend eternalThe poet finally thinks of the poetry. He thinks that with the power of the poem, he can make the beauty of his friend immortal.That is to say, the beauty of his friend is immoral in that the poetry is eternal.In a word, the poem expresses the two themes. For one thing, the poet highly praises the beauty of his friend, and for another thing, the poet also eulogizes the poetry art’s beauty and immortality.。

sonnet18莎士比亚的作品《第十八行诗》赏析英文版The speaker of the poem opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This question is comparing her to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally thought of as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days. In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate." (Line 2) Summer's days tend toward extremes: they are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman. However in line 4, the speaker gives the feeling again that the summer months are often to short by saying, "And summer抯lease hath too short a date." In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6), that is there are many hot days during the summer but soon the sun begins to set earlier at night because autumn is approaching. Summer is moving along too quickly for the speaker, its time here needs to be longer, and it also means that the chilling of autumn is coming upon us because the flowers will soon be withering, as "every fair from fair sometime declines." (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various respects. Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade." (Line 9), and never end or die. In the couplet at the bottom, the speaker explains how that the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike asummer. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever. It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see." (Line 13)On the surface, the poem is on the surface simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer. It is incidentally brought to life as being described as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion". The imagery throughout the sonnet is simple and attainable to the reader, which is a key factor in understanding the poem. Then the speaker begins to describe the summer again with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the " summer’s lease", springtime moving into the warmth of the summer. The speaker then starts to promise to talk about this beloved, that is so great and awing that she is to live forever in this sonnet. The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see," the woman will live. The language is almost too simple when comparing it to the rest of Shakespeare’s sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or verse, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause, almost every line ends with some punctuation that effects a pause. But it is this that makes Sonnet18 stand out for the rest in the book. It is much more attainable to understand and it allows for the reader to fully understand how great this beloved truly is because she may live forever in it. An important theme of the sonnet, as it is an important theme throughout much of the poetry in general, is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever. And so by doing this it is then carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generationsand eventuallyfor al of eternity. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," (line 13) the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."(Line 14) With this the speaker is able to accomplish what many have done in poetry and that is to give the gift of an eternal life to someone that they believe is special and outshines everyone else around them. Perhaps it is because of a physical beauty that the speaker see, but I believe that it is more because of the internal beauty as seen in line 2, "Thou art more lovely and more temperate", that the beloved is deserving to live on forever.。

Sonnet 18William Shakespeare（1564～1616)Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? （A)Thou art more lovely and more temperate：(B）Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May，(A）And summer’s lease hath all too short a date, (B）Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines，(C)And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; (D）And every fair form fair sometimes declines，（C）By chance，or nature's changing course，untrimme'd：(D)But thy eternal summer shall not fade，(E)Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; (F）Nor shall death brag thou wander’rest in his shade, （E)When in eternal lines to time thou gr ow’st。

(F）So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see，（G)So long lives this，and this gives life to thee. （G）A. Structure1。

Sonnet 18 can be divided into four parts: three quatrains and a couplet。

The first quatrain is from line 1 to line 4，the second from line 5 to line 8，and the third from line 9 to line 12。

The Translation of Sonnet 18:Indirect Methods Reflect Shakespeare Better in Chinese Shakespeare lived in an era of Elizabethan which is flourishing age of romance poems, making it possible for poets from that era to create literary. Under that circumstance, it is very difficult to overtake places. Obviously，It was said that Sonnet 18 was written for two special person. Not mention to show how professional and great Sonnet 18 is.Translators follow the given patterns of rhyme itself is an act of the poetry restoration. Meanwhile, readers’ reaction will be associate Sonnet 18 with classical Chinese poetry and generally sympathetic to the poem. But above all, direct translation will never make translation vivid possible.In the second place, Sonnet 18 was written in Early Modern English including words such as “thee”, “art”, “thou”, “hath”, “sometime” and “thy”(William 21). I “Thee” and “thou” both have the same meaning, are the same as the word we use for you nowadays, “thee” is accusative, other one is nominative. It is necessary for translators to have mastery of the basic rules of grammar.In the third place, Liang Shih-chiu’s translation of Sonnet 18is close to original, but his translation is slightly inferior than Dai Liuling’s in artistic conception. None of them has adopted the method of direct translation after all.In the fourth place, On account of the geographical location, people in Britain are having a moderate climate in summer instead of scorching heat summers.Furthermore, The paradox is that Shakespeare wrote that all good things must come to an end inline 7, line 8 is actually doing matting to the next lines,.In the eyes of Shakespeare, there is no doubt that “thou” will s pread through the ages just like what he wrote in his las t two lines are expressed by “men can breathe”, “eyes can see” (William 21).In the fifth place, Sonnet 18 is not perfect despite its classic, indirect translation is a vital part during propagation. Most of the college student s don’t appreciate Sonnet 18 based on teaching investigation. It is normal that classical poetry are n’t popular, but it is vain to ascribe this phenomenon to readers or the society. Few people can look again for the classical poetry. However, flaws in text itself maybe the reason why they are unpopular. On the one hand, although Sonnet 18 consists of three quatrains and a couplet, the rhyme isn’t neat. The stress placement of the end rhyme are difference, despite “temperate” in line 2 and “date” in line 4 are end with “ate”. Compared with the other lines, this rhyme is abrupt. The two “ands” in the beginning of line 6 and line 7 should function as a progressive alliteration rather than a parallel one. Meter, rhyme and stanza, in the right hands, can be inescapably precise as to tone, rhythm, emphasis and the stages of the argument. Shakespeare was overdoing it in Sonnet 18, it’s disrupted the form of Sonnet 18 and fragmented the melody and rhythm. All these factors had negative impact on Sonnet 18. Actually, the readers foun d that difficult to read bumpy sentences. On the other hand, “And every fair from fair sometime declines”(William 21) was written in obscure way that readers may feel abstract. “Summer” has a lease but the lease is short, from “And summer’s lease hath all too short a date” (William 21) in line 4. The sheer aesthetics that Shakespeare goes for in some ways readers may feel strange. There were anthropomorphic, forexample, “death” doesn’t exist, not to mention that it could brag, but this descriptive method is commonplace for such a classical poem. It is a truth acknowledged by anyone that life is short and time is swift, simple truth are told in the presentation of complex information, readers may not feel cordiality and geniality. Indirect translation can put original version into a band new one, to avoid this situation and make the work get better and better, especially be particularly important for readers under this circumstances. Direct translation will never make that happen and only make matters worse.When I learnt an ancient poem as a pupil, I wasn’t learning at the right level, I just learnt the words, not the message, then I asked my teacher for help. My teacher Would told me about the profound intent. When I read a poem, especially the translatio n, it’s not just about the literal meaning, I want to know the inner meaning of it, including its cultural background, historical origin and so on. After reading, I must learn some new knowledge, that’s the meaning of reading. Indirect translation is like my teacher, making my read smoothly and understandingly.Sonnet 18 is one of the most beautiful sonnets written by Shakespeare. In this sonnet, the poet writes beautifully on the conventional theme that his poetry will bring eternity to the one he loves a nd eulogizes. However, it’s more than that.Conceptual Blending Theory is used in this paper to analyze why literal translation and liberal translation arise in translation. It points out that, when translating the rhetorical devices in English titles, both translational equivalence and functional equivalence can be taken as the criteria.。

Sonnet 18William Shakespeare（1564~1616）Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? (A)Thou art more lovely and more tempe rate: (B)Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, (A)And summer’s lease hath all too short a date, (B)Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven sh ines, (C)And often is his gold complexion dimm’d; (D)And every fair form fair sometimes decl ines, (C)By chance, or nat ure’s changing course, untrimme’d: (D)But thy eternal summer shall not fade, (E)Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; (F)Nor shall death brag thou wander’rest in his shade, (E)When in eternal lines to time thou gr ow’st. (F)So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, (G)So long lives this, and this gives life to th ee. (G)A. Structure1. Sonnet 18 can be divided into four parts: three quatrains and a couplet.The first quatrain is from line 1 to line 4, the second from line 5 to line 8, and the third from line 9 to line 12. The couplet is the group of last two lines.2. The rhyme scheme of Sonnet 18 is ABABCDCDEFEFGG.Sonnet 18 contains 14 lines. The ends of line 1 and line 3 have the end rhyme /ei/, line 2 and line 4 rhyme with /eit/. And these four lines form the first quatrain. The line 5 and line 7 have the end rhyme /aɪn/, while line 6 and line 8 have /d/.The same form is used in line 9 and line 11 and line 10 and line 2, which end with the rhyme /eɪd/ and /əʊst/. However, the last two lines have their own end rhyme which is /i:/.3. Sonnet 18 is iambic pentameter.Each line of Sonnet 18 has five feet with an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable.Examples are as follow:“Shall I / compare / thee to / a sum / mer’s day?”has accents on “shall”, ”com” ,”thee”, ”a,mer” respectively.“Thou art / more love / ly and / more tem / perate:” has accents on “thou”, “more”, “ly”, “more”, “pe” respectively.B. Language use1. Several kinds of rhetoric are used.Metaphor: “T he eye of heaven” means the sun.Simile: “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”uses simile to compare the loved to a summer’s day.Personification: “his gold complexion” personates the summer’s day and “shake the darling buds” uses “shake” to personate the rough winds.Inversion: “And every f air form fair sometimes declines” can be in the order like this: “And every fair sometime declines from fair”.“By chance, or nat ure’s changing course, untr imme’d” can be in the order like this: “untrimmed by chance or nature's changing course”.2. Old English useThee: “you” as objectThou: “you” as subjectArt: areHath: hasThy: “your” followed by a consonant3. Images“A summer's day” means the season of summer.“Day” means a period of time.“Lease” means allotted time.“The eye of heaven” means sun.“His its” means sun.“Fair” means something beautiful.“This” means this poem.C. Appreciation1. Shakespeare compares his friend to a summer’s day. From line 1 to line 8, then he pays attention to praise his friend’s permanence, while from line 9 to line 14, and his focus is shifted towards expressing that poetry is immortal.2. Sonnet 18’s first line asks a question: how can I compare you to a summer’s day?Line 2 answers the question that the loved one is more gentle and lovely.From line 4 to line 8, poet says summer is too short. And sometimes it will shine too much and can be burning while sometimes it will be dimmed when cloudy or overcast. All the beautiful things will finally lose their perfection for nature’s change and instability.From line 9 to line 14, poet starts praising an eternal beauty. This beauty is the beloved one and also the poems, and it is the poems make the loved everlasting.3. The theme of Sonnet 18 is that love is the only thing that can conquer all the things in the world and the beauty is the immortal thing that can never be replaced.。

English Poetry Appreciation --Sonnet 18 1.RhymeThe first 12 lines rhyme every other line and the last two lines’ end rhymes are the same, which forms therhyme-scheme of abab,cdcd,efef,gg.(Sonnet 18William Shakespeare (1564-1616)Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? /ei/ aThou art more lovely and more temperate: /eit/ bRough winds do shake the darling buds of May, /ei/ aAnd summer’s lease hath all too short a date, /ei t/ bSometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, /aiz/ cAnd often is his gold complexion dimed:/imd/ dAnd every fair form fair sometimes declines, /aiz/ cBy chance or nature’s changing course untrimm’d: /imd/ dBut thy eternal summer shall not fade, /eid/ eNor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st: /əʊst/ fNor shall death br ag thou wander’st in his shade, /eid/ e When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st. /əʊst / fSo long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, /iː/ gSo long lives this, and this gives life to thee./iː/ g)2.MeterEach line in this sonnet is in iambic pentameter which means each line has five feet, usually an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable.For example,we can divide the first line into five independent feet as “Shall I / compare / thee to/ a sum / mer’s day?”with accents on shall,com,thee,a,mer respectively. (Sonnet 18William Shakespeare (1564-1616)Shall I/ compare/ thee to/ a sum/mer’s day?Thou art/ more love/ly and/ more tem/perate:Rough winds/ do shake/ the dar/ling buds/ of May,And sum/mer’s lease/ hath all/ too short/ a date:Sometimes/ too hot/ the eye/ of hea/ven shinesAnd of/ten is/ his gold/ complexion dimm’d;And eve/ry fair/ form fair/ sometimes/ declines,By chance/ or na/ture’s changing/ course un/trimm’d;But thy/ eter/nal sum/mer shall/ not fade,Nor lose/ posse/ssion of/ that fair/ thou ow’st;Nor shall/ death brag/ thou wan/der’st in/ his shade.When in/ eter/nal lines/ to time/ thou grow’st:So long/ as men/ can breathe/,or eyes/ can see,So long/ lives this/,and this/ gives life/ to thee.)3.The Rhetorical Devices3.1 Simile and Rhetoric QuestionExample: Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Simile: Summer and “you”are not similar on the surface, but virtually they are the representatives of beauty.Rhetoric Question:It is also a rhetorical question, that is, formally it’s a question.Readers don't need to answerbecause the answer is very clear.3.2 MetaphorExample:And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:The summer’s day is compared to a house, which is the thing we lend from the nature. Therefore, it’s period of use is limited, and it also insinuates the time that the duration of youth and beauty is limited.3.3 PersonificationExample:And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;Obviously the poet compares the sun to a man, so he depicts his complexion. (Complexion is usually used to describe someone.)3.4 HyperboleExample:But thy eternal summer shall not fade,According to the laws of nature, every beautiful thing will gradually lose their beauty, so how can the beauty of the person who the poet describes be eternal?4.ThemeIn the beginningquatrain, the poet compares his friend to a beautiful summer’s day in order to arouse readers’wonderful imagination. However, the poet realizes that the metaphor can’t express his high praise for his friend because summerwill fade away though it’s beautiful. Then how to make the beauty of his friend eternal? The poet finally thinks of the poetry. He thinks that with the power of the poem, he can make the beauty of his friend immortal. That is to say, the beauty of his friend is immoral in that the poetry is eternal.In a word, the poem expresses the two themes. For one thing, the poet highly praises the beauty of his friend, and foranother thing, the poet also eulogizes the poetry art’s beauty and immortality.。

莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首的英文评论和赏析18 18我是否可以把你比喻成夏天？Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和：Thou art more lovely and more temperate:狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断，Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过；And summer's lease hath all too short a date:有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热，Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗；And often is his gold complexion dimmed, 而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落，And every fair from fair sometime declines,被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜；By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽，But thy eternal summer shall not fade,你所拥有的美貌也不会消失，Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫，Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时；When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,只要有人类生存，或人有眼睛，So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.注：第11行语出《旧约•诗篇》第23篇第4节：“虽然我穿行于死荫之幽谷，但我不怕罹祸，因为你与我同在……”英文赏析：This is one of the most famous of all the sonnets, justifiably so. But it would be a mistake to take it entirely in isolation, for it links in with so many of the other sonnets through the themes of the descriptive power of verse; the ability of the poet to depict the fair youth adequately, or not; and the immortality conveyed through being hymned in these 'eternal lines'. It is noticeable that here the poet is full of confidence that his verse will live as long as there are people drawing breath upon the earth, whereas later he apologises for his poor wit and his humble lines which are inadequate to encompass all the youth's excellence. Now, perhaps in the early days of his love, there is no such self-doubt and the eternal summer of the youth is preserved forever in the poet's lines. The poem also works at a rather curious level of achieving its objective through dispraise. The summer's day is found to be lacking in so many respects (too short, too hot, too rough, sometimes too dingy), but curiously enough one is left with the abiding impression that 'the lovely boy' is in fact like a summer's day at its best, fair, warm, sunny, temperate, one of the darling buds of May, and that all his beauty has been wonderfully highlighted by the comparison。

point, seems to be just the speaker’s opinion, but to prove the poem more temperate, he explains, “Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May”: the “rough winds” that blow the young buds of flowers about is certainly not mild or temperate. And also summer just does not last very long; it has “all too short a date.”The poem, when compared to a summer’s day, is better; its beauty and mildness do not end as summer along with its “summer’s day”does. The reader wonder why the speaker, just after claiming his intention of comparing the poem to a “summer’s day,” then first compares it to a spring day—“the darling buds of May.”Even before summer begins, the May flowers are being tossed about by intemperate breezes; therefore, it stands to reason that if the prelude to summer has its difficulties, one can expect summer have its own unique problems that the poem, of course, will lack. Second Quatrain –“Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines” In the second quatrain, the speaker continues elucidating his complaints that diminish summer’s value in this comparison: sometimes the sunshine makes the temperature too hot: “Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines.” The sun often hides behind clouds, “often is his gold complexion dimm’d.”The reader can realize the implications here: that these inconvenient qualities do no plague the poem. Then the speaker makes a generalization that everything in nature including the seasons—and he has chosen the best season, after all; he did not advantage his argument by comparing the poem to a winter day—and even people degenerates with time, either by happenstance or by processes the human mind does not comprehend or simply by the unstoppable course of nature: "And every fair from fair sometime declines, / By chance, or nature’s changing course untrimm’d.” So far, the speaker has mused that he shall compare the poem to a summer day, and the summer day is losing: even before summer begins, the winds of May are often brutal to the young flowers; summer never lasts long; sometimes the sun is too hot and sometimes it hides behind clouds, and besides everything—even the good things—in nature diminishes in time. Third Quatrain –“But thy eternal summer shall not fade” In the third quatrain, the speaker declares the advantages that the poem has over the summer day: that unlike the summer day, the poem shall remain eternally; its summer will not end as the natural summer day must. Nor will the poem lose its beauty, and even death cannot claim the poem, because it will exist “in eternal lines”that the poet will continue to write, “When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st.” The Couplet –“This gives life to thee” The couplet—“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee”—claims that as long as someone is alive to read it, the poem will have life.。