1_Computer Evaluation of Indexing and Text Processing
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《计算机科学》ccf等级英文回答:The Chinese Computer Federation (CCF) classifies academic journals in computer science into three levels: A, B, and C. The classification is based on factors such as the journal's impact factor, citation index, and editorial board.A-level journals are the most prestigious andinfluential journals in computer science. They publishhigh-quality research papers that make significant contributions to the field. Examples of A-level journals include the Journal of the ACM, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, and the Communications of the ACM.B-level journals are also reputable journals that publish high-quality research papers. However, they are not as prestigious as A-level journals. Examples of B-leveljournals include the ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, the IEEE Transactions on Computers, and the Journal of Computer and System Sciences.C-level journals are less prestigious than A-level andB-level journals. They typically publish papers that are more focused on practical applications of computer science. Examples of C-level journals include the ACM Computing Surveys, the IEEE Software, and the Journal of Object Technology.中文回答:中国计算机学会(CCF)将计算机科学领域的学术期刊分为A、B、C三级。
信息检索关键词部分Key word第1章信息检索(Information Retrieval, IR)数据检索(data retrieval)相关性(relevance)推送(Push)超空间(hyperspace)拉出(pulling)⽂献逻辑表⽰(视图)(logical view of the document)检索任务(retrieval task 检索(retrieval )过滤(filtering)全⽂本(full text)词⼲提取(stemming)⽂本操作(text operation)标引词(indexing term)信息检索策略(retrieval strategy)光学字符识别(Optical Character Recognition, OCR)跨语⾔(cross-language)倒排⽂档(inverted file)检出⽂献(retrieved document)相关度(likelihood)信息检索的⼈机交互界⾯(human-computer interaction, HCI)检索模型与评价(Retrieval Model & Evaluation)⽂本图像(textual images)界⾯与可视化(Interface & Visualization)书⽬系统(bibliographic system)多媒体建模与检索(Multimedia Modeling & Searching)数字图书馆(Digital Library)检索评价(retrieval evaluation)标准通⽤标记语⾔(Standard Generalized Markup Language, SGML)标引和检索(indexing and searching)导航(Navigation)并⾏和分布式信息检索(parallel and distribution IR)模型与查询语⾔(model and query language)导航(Navigation)有效标引与检索(efficient indexing and searching)第2章特别检索(ad hoc retrieval)过滤(filtering)集合论(set theoretic)代数(algebraic)概率(probabilistic 路由选择(routing)⽤户需求档(user profile)阙值(threshold)权值(weight)语词加权(term-weighting)相似度(similarity)相异度(dissimilarity)域建模(domain modeling)叙词表(thesaurus)扁平(flat)⼴义向量空间模型(generalized vector space model)神经元(neuron)潜语义标引模型(latent semantic indexing model)邻近结点(proximal node)贝叶斯信任度⽹络(Bayesian belief network)结构导向(structure guided)结构化⽂本检索(structured text retrieval, STR)推理⽹络(inference network)扩展布尔模型(extended Boolean model)⾮重叠链表(non-overlapping list)第3章检索性能评价(retrieval performance evaluation)会话(interactive session)查全率(R, Recall Ratio) 信息性(Informativeness)查准率(P, Precision Ratio) ⾯向⽤户(user-oriented)漏检率(O, Omission Ratio) 新颖率(novelty ratio)误检率(M, Miss Ratio) ⽤户负担(user effort)相对查全率(relative recall)覆盖率(coverage ratio)参考测试集(reference test collection)优劣程度(goodness)查全率负担(recall effort)主观性(subjectiveness)信息性测度(informativeness measure)第4章检索单元(retrieval unit)字母表(alphabet)分隔符(separator)复合性(compositional)模糊布尔(fuzzy Boolean)模式(pattern)SQL(Structured Query Language, 结构化查询语⾔) 布尔查询(Boolean query)参照(reference)半结合(semijoin)标签(tag)有序包含(ordered inclusion)⽆序包含(unordered inclusion)CCL(Common Command Language, 通⽤命令语⾔) 树包含(tree inclusion)布尔运算符(Boolean operator) searching allowing errors容错查询Structured Full-text relevance feedback 相关反馈Query Language (SFQL) (结构化全⽂查询语⾔) extended patterns扩展模式CD-RDx Compact Disk Read only Data exchange (CD-RDx)(只读磁盘数据交换)WAIS (⼴域信息服务系统Wide Area Information Service)visual query languages. 查询语⾔的可视化查询语法树(query syntax tree)第5章query reformulation 查询重构 query expansion 查询扩展 term reweighting 语词重新加权相似性叙词表(similarity thesaurus)User Relevance Feedback⽤户相关反馈 the graphical interfaces 图形化界⾯簇(cluster)检索同义词(searchonym) local context analysis局部上下⽂分析第6章⽂献(document)样式(style)元数据(metadata)Descriptive Metadata 描述性元数据 Semantic Metadata 语义元数据intellectual property rights 知识产权 content rating 内容等级digital signatures数字签名 privacy levels 权限electronic commerce电⼦商务都柏林核⼼元数据集(Dublin Core Metadata Element Set)通⽤标记语⾔(SGML,standard general markup language)机读⽬录记录(Machine Readable Cataloging Record, MARC)资源描述框架(Resource Document Framework, RDF) XML(eXtensible Markup Language, 可扩展标记语⾔) HTML(HyperText Markup Language, 超⽂本标记语⾔)Tagged Image File Format (TIFF标签图像⽂件格式)Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) Portable Network Graphics (PNG新型位图图像格式)第7章分隔符(separator)连字符(hyphen)排除表(list of stopwords)词⼲提取(stemming)波特(porter)词库(treasury of words)受控词汇表(controlled vocabulary)索引单元(indexing component)⽂本压缩text compression 压缩算法compression algorithm注释(explanation)统计⽅法(statistical method)赫夫曼(Huffman)压缩⽐(compression ratio)数据加密Encryption 半静态的(semi-static)词汇分析lexical analysis 排除停⽤词elimination of stopwords第8章半静态(semi-static)191 词汇表(vocabulary)192事件表(occurrence)192 inverted files倒排⽂档suffix arrays后缀数组 signature files签名档块寻址(block addressing)193 索引点(index point)199起始位置(beginning)199 Vocabulary search词汇表检索Retrieval of occurrences 事件表检索 Manipulation of occurrences事件表操作散列变换(hashing)205 误检(false drop)205查询语法树(query syntax tree)207 布鲁特-福斯算法简称BF(Brute-Force)故障(failure)210 移位-或(shift-or)位并⾏处理(bit-parallelism)212顺序检索(sequential search)220 原位(in-place)227第9章并⾏计算(parallel computing) SISD (单指令流单数据流)SIMD (单指令流多数据流) MISD (多指令流单数据流)MIMD (多指令流多数据流)分布计算(distributed computing)颗粒度(granularity)231 多任务(multitasking)I/O(input/output)233 标引器(indexer)映射(map)233 命中列表(hit-list)全局语词统计值(global term statistics)线程(thread)算术逻辑单元(arithmetic logic unit, ALU 中介器(broker)虚拟处理器(virtual processor)240分布式信息检索(distributed information retrieval)249⽂献收集器(gatherer)主中介器(central broker)254第10章信息可视化(information visualization)图标(icon)260颜⾊凸出显⽰(color highlighting)焦点+背景(focus-plus-context)画笔和链接(brushing and linking)魔术透镜(magic lenses)移动镜头和调焦(panning and zooming)弹性窗⼝(elastic window)概述及细节信息(overview plus details)⾼亮⾊显⽰(highlight)信息存取任务(information access tasks)⽂献替代(document surrogate)常见问题(FAQ, Frequently Asked Question) 群体性推荐(social recommendation)上下⽂关键词(keyword-in-context, KWIC)伪相关反馈(pseudo-relevance feedback)重叠式窗⼝(overlapping window)⼯作集(working set)第11/12章多媒体信息检索(Multimedia Information Retrieval, MIR)超类(superclass)半结构化数据(semi-structured data)数据⽚(data blade)可扩充型系统(extensible type system)相交(intersect)动态服务器(dynamic server)叠加(overlaps)档案库服务器(archive server)聚集(center)逻辑结构(logical structure)词包含(contain word)例⼦中的查询(query by example)路径名(path-name)通过图像内容查询(Query by Image Content, QBIC)图像标题(image header)主要成分分析(Principal Component Analysis, PCA)精确匹配(exact match)潜语义标引(Latent Semantic Indexing, LSI)基于内容(content-based)范围查寻(Range Query)第13章exponential growth指数增长 Distributed data 数据的分布性volatile data 不稳定数据 redundant data 冗余数据Heterogeneous data异构数据分界点(cut point)373Centralized Architecture集中式结构收集器-标引器(crawler-indexer)373 Wanderers 漫步者 Walkers 步⾏者 Knowbots 知识机器⼈Distributed Architecture分布式结构 gatherers 收集器brokers 中介器 the query interface 查询界⾯the answer interface响应界⾯ PageRank ⽹页级别Crawling the Web漫游Web breadth-first ⼴度优先depth-first fashion 深度优先 Indices(index pl.)索引Web Directories ⽹络⽬录 Metasearchers元搜索引擎Teaching the User⽤户培训颗粒度(granularity)384超⽂本推导主题检索(Hypertext Included Topic Search, HITS)380 Specific queries专指性查询 Broad queries 泛指性查询Vague queries模糊查询 Searching using Hyperlinks使⽤超链接搜索Web Query Languages查询语⾔ Dynamic Search 动态搜索Software Agents 软件代理鱼式搜索(fish search)鲨鱼搜索(shark search)拉出/推送(pull/push)393门户(portal)395 Duplicated data 重复数据第14章联机公共检索⽬录(online public access catalog, OPAC)397化学⽂摘(Chemical Abstract, CA)399 ⽣物学⽂摘(Biological Abstract, BA)⼯程索引(Engineering Index,EI)国会图书馆分类法(Library of Congress Classification)408杜威⼗进分类法(Dewey Decimal Classification)408联机计算机图书馆中⼼(Online Computer Library Center, OCLC)409机读⽬录记录(Machine Readable Cataloging Record, MARC)409第15章NSF (National Science Foundation, 美国国家科学基⾦会)NSNA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration,美国航空航天局)数字图书馆创新项⽬(Digital Libraries Initiative, DLI)4155S(stream,信息流structure,结构space, 空间scenario, 场景society社会)416基于数字化对象标识符(Digital Object Identifier, DOI)420都柏林核⼼(Dublin Core, DC)430 数字图书馆(Digital Library, DL)资源描述框架(Resource Document Framework, RDF)431text encoding initiative (TEI) (⽂本编码创新项⽬)431v。
计算思维的结构_桂林电子科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.美国ACM前主席Denning在《超越计算思维》一文中增加了以下计算原理的两个类别,最终形成了7个伟大的计算原理。
()答案:评估、设计2.计算思维表述体系给出了42个核心概念,其中属于自动化类别的是()答案:算法、程序;迭代、递归;启发式策略、随机策略;智能3.汉诺塔问题是使用递归算法的一个典型案例,下面给出的利用Raptor实现的汉诺塔问题盘子移动move的子程序,正确的是()答案:4.在一个RSA公钥密码系统中,设私钥为(5,133),对加密报文13解密,原报文为。
()答案:905.用贪婪算法解决背包问题,贪婪准则为:每次都选择Vi/Wi值(价值密度)最大的物品装包。
假设n=3;W1=100,V1=60;W2=20,V2=40;W3=20,V3=40;C=110。
下列说法不正确的是()答案:利用价值密度最大的贪婪准则时,选物品1,这种方案的总价值为606.硬盘属于哪类设备()答案:既属于输入设备,又属于输出设备7.如果一个指令系统有20条指令,操作码最少应该设置为()答案:5位8.下列有关虚拟机的说法,不正确的是()答案:虚拟机是一个抽象的计算机,不同于实际机器一样,不具有一个指令集并可以使用不同的存储区域9.设,下面是求解e的近似值的算法伪代码,请选择正确的选项填写在空白处()伪代码:eRes = 0eCur = 1k = 1i = 1While ( abs(eRes - eCur) >= 1.0E-10 ){eRes = eCureCur = eCur + 1.0 / ki = i + 1}Print eRes答案:k = k * i10.下列关于线性表、栈和队列的操作规则正确的是()答案:线性表可以在任意位置插入和删除,栈只能在栈顶插入和删除,队列只能在尾部插入头部删除11.假设一仅含数值8A的队列,8B和2C依次入队,然后执行一次出队操作,最后数据7D和6E依次入队。
计算机学报审稿结果英文回答:Nature Index.The Nature Index is a database of author affiliations and institutional relationships. It is compiled from author information in research papers published in 82 high-quality natural science journals, including Nature, Science, and Cell. The index provides a way to track the global distribution of research output and collaboration.Nature Index for Computer Science.The Nature Index for Computer Science is a subset of the Nature Index that focuses on research in computer science. It includes papers published in 25 top computer science journals, including ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, and Journal of the ACM.China's Performance in the Nature Index for Computer Science.China has been performing well in the Nature Index for Computer Science. In 2023, China ranked second in the world in terms of the number of publications in top computer science journals. Chinese institutions also accounted for a significant share of the global research output in computer science.Factors Contributing to China's Success.There are several factors that have contributed toChina's success in computer science research. These include:Increased investment in research and development.A growing pool of talented researchers.Strong collaboration between academia and industry.Government support for the development of computer science.Challenges Facing China in Computer Science Research.Despite its success, China still faces some challenges in computer science research. These include:The need to improve the quality of research output.The need to attract and retain top researchers.The need to foster greater collaboration between academia and industry.Conclusion.China is a major player in computer science research. The country has made significant progress in recent years, and it is likely to continue to play a leading role in the field in the future.中文回答:自然指数。
现代信息检索与利用教程第三版English Answer:Modern Information Retrieval and Utilization (3rd Edition) Tutorial is a comprehensive guide to theprinciples and practices of information retrieval. It provides an overview of the field, including the history of information retrieval, the different types of information retrieval systems, and the evaluation of information retrieval systems. The tutorial also covers the core concepts of information retrieval, including indexing, searching, and ranking.In addition to the core concepts, the tutorial also covers a variety of advanced topics, such as natural language processing, machine learning, and big data. The tutorial is written in a clear and concise style, and it is packed with examples and exercises to help students understand the material.Overall, Modern Information Retrieval and Utilization (3rd Edition) Tutorial is an excellent resource for anyone who wants to learn about information retrieval. It is a well-written and comprehensive guide to the field, and it is packed with valuable information.中文回答:现代信息检索与利用(第 3 版)教程是一本关于信息检索原则和实践的综合指南。
gcaps评价摘要:1.GCAPS 的概述2.GCAPS 的评价标准3.GCAPS 的评价方法4.GCAPS 的实际应用5.GCAPS 的优缺点分析正文:GCAPS(Guidelines for Computer Assessment in Primary and Secondary Schools)是针对中小学计算机评估的指导原则。
本文将从GCAPS 的概述、评价标准、评价方法、实际应用以及优缺点等方面进行详细阐述。
一、GCAPS 的概述GCAPS 是由教育部门制定的,旨在为中小学计算机教育提供一套科学的评估体系。
该体系旨在通过评价学生的计算机技能、知识以及应用能力,促进学生全面发展,提高我国中小学计算机教育质量。
二、GCAPS 的评价标准GCAPS 的评价标准主要包括以下几个方面:1.计算机基础知识:包括计算机硬件、软件、操作系统、网络等方面的基本概念和原理。
2.程序设计能力:主要评估学生在编程语言、算法设计、程序调试等方面的能力。
3.数据处理能力:包括文字处理、表格处理、演示文稿制作、图像处理等方面的能力。
4.网络应用能力:评估学生上网搜索、收发邮件、在线交流、网络安全等方面的能力。
5.信息道德:主要评价学生在信息使用、信息传播、知识产权等方面的道德观念和行为。
三、GCAPS 的评价方法GCAPS 的评价方法分为定量评价和定性评价。
定量评价主要包括笔试、上机操作考试等方式;定性评价则通过课堂观察、学生作品、教师评价等手段进行。
两种评价方法相结合,全面评估学生的计算机能力。
四、GCAPS 的实际应用GCAPS 在我国中小学计算机教育中得到了广泛应用。
通过GCAPS 评价,学校和教师可以全面了解学生的计算机学习状况,为学生提供针对性的指导;同时,教育部门可以根据评价结果,制定和调整计算机教育政策,推动我国中小学计算机教育的发展。
五、GCAPS 的优缺点分析GCAPS 的优点主要表现在:1.科学、全面地评价学生的计算机能力;2.促进学生全面发展,提高我国中小学计算机教育质量;3.为教育部门提供决策依据,推动计算机教育改革。
安徽省滁州市九校联考2025届英语高三第一学期期末考试模拟试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)1.Molly finally agreed, _____ reluctantly, to go and see a doctor.A.afterwards B.almostC.otherwise D.somewhat2.—Mike, it’s really impossible for us to get to the railway station in time!—How I wish I could stop the train ________ it.A.catch B.to catch C.catching D.caught3.A grand banquet w as held by Elizabeth II _____ President Xi’s current state visit to the UK.A.in terms of B.in honor ofC.in favor of D.in memory of4.The news was a terrible blow to her, but she ______the shock soon.A.got out B.got over C.got off D.got through5.______, his ideas was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A.Strange as might it sound B.As it might sound strangeC.As strange it might sound D.Strange as it might sound6.Various efforts ________ in the past decades to protect the environment.A.had made B.have madeC.were made D.have been made7.—What’s up? Y ou look worried.—Well, I ______ on the problem for 5 hours but I haven’t got a single clue.A.have worked B.workedC.will work D.have been working8.--- Is there any chance of my being promoted?--- If you want a promotion, you’d better rather than get your way.A.play the game B.cross your fingersC.raise the red flag D.kill the fatted calf9.When was _____ you last met Jennifer? I haven’t seen her for ages.A.it that B.it C.it what D.what 10.My friend warned me ______ going to the East Coast because it was crowded with tourists.A.by B.against C.on D.for11.— Are you still thinking about the email Tony sent you yesterday?— Oh,to tell the truth,that’s makes me feel excited.A.What B.how C.that D.why 12.When I said someone broke the school regulations, I ______ you. Why did you get that angry?A.don’t refer to B.haven’t referred to C.wasn’t referring to D.hadn’t referred to 13.The post office is closed ______ Saturday afternoon.A.on B.in C.of D.at14.—Do you like the mobile game Traveling Frog?—Yes, the posts about the virtual green frog ________ over 4 million times.A.have read B.have been readC.would be read D.are reading15.He liked the lovely dog so much that he ________ his book and played with it immediately.A.gave off B.set asideC.took over D.turned down16._____ the plant once a week if you are to get fruit in the autumn.A.Watered B.Watering C.To water D.Water17.She doesn’t speak our language, _____ she seems to understand what we say.A.for B.and C.yet D.or18.It was not until she got home____Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. A.when B.thatC.where D.before19.Yet _______ in the process of development did they stop to consider the impact of their “progress” on nature.A.in no time B.at no pointC.as likely as not D.more often than not20.– Which driver was to blame?-- Why, ______! It was the child’s fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars.A.both B.eachC.either D.neither第二部分阅读理解(满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
补充:在实际检索中,文献的检索方法主要有:直查法、追溯法、工具法和综合法。
最早的数学文献是:美索不达米亚泥版的楔形文,公元前1800 年的埃及纸草书、莫斯科纸草书、莱茵德纸草书著名的数学文献检索工具有SCI(科学引文索引)、 EI( 工程索引)、 ISTP( 科技会议录索引)参考文献:列出作者在研究范围内所看过的国内外文献。
参考文献与引言呼应,反映作者跟踪技术发展的眼界和敏锐性,反映作者知识的广度和深度,反映作者有资格说自己是创新。
数量不可过少,例如中国科协期刊优秀论文评选要求研究性学术论文参考文献不少于20 篇。
参考文献不限于中文但,教科书不可多,不宜过陈旧。
什么是学术造假与剽窃?一般而言,剽窃的形式有哪些?司法实践中对剽窃是如何界定的?剽窃与参考文献的区别是什么学术造假行为通常被分为三类:伪造、篡改、剽窃剽窃的定义:剽窃是指把他人的作品当成自己的作品。
学术腐败:学术腐败,主要是指利用学术权力谋取不正当的利益。
参考文献标准格式:参考文献应限于作者直接阅读的、最主要的、发表在正式出版物上的文献。
文献序号按其在文内出现的先后顺序编排,并在文内标注,参考文献的序号以方括号加注于被注文字的右上角,内容按序号顺序排列于文后。
论文参考文献的格式期刊: [编号 ] 作者.题目.期刊名(外文可缩写),出版年,卷号(期号);起止页码。
著作: [编号 ] 作者.书名.版次(初版不写).出版地:出版者,出版年,起止页码。
论文集: [ 编号 ]作者.题目.见(英文用 In)主编姓名.论文集名.出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页码。
选择题1.( B) 的主要功能是检索、通报、控制一次文献,帮助人们在较短时间内获取较多的文献信息。
A .零次文献B.二次文献C.一次文献 D .三次文献2.一次文献、二次文献、三次文献是按照( A )进行区分的。
A .加工深度B.原创的层次C.印刷的次数D.评论的次数3.从文献的 ( B)角度区分,可将文献分为印刷型、缩微型等。