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语言学考研真题和答案第一章语言学Fill in the blanks1. Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the _______it is associated with. （人大2007研）meaning 语言有任意性，其所指与形式没有逻辑或内在联系2. Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as _______. （北二外2003研）displacement 移位性指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、事件和观点3. By duality is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the _______ level are composed of elements of the __________ level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. （北二外2006研）primary, secondary 双重性指拥有两层结构的这种属性，底层结构是上层结构的组成成分，每层都有自身的组合规则4. The features that define our human languages can be called _______ features. （北二外2006）design人类语言区别于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区别特征，是人类语言特有的特征。
2020年GRE考试阅读真题及答案第一篇是中文章，是讲literary personality的。
文章结构是：literary personality对于文学分析的重要性，不同学派的人有不同的看法。
Deconstructionist 认为literary personality不重要，别的一些东西(例如 intertextuality，subtexts，metatexts之类的)才重要。
New historicist 认为literary personality 也不重要，historical context才重要。
但是，对literary detective work(就是推测一本书作者是谁之类的)感兴趣的readers，就觉得 literary personality很重要啦。
这篇文章出了3道题：第一题主旨题。
因为原文仅仅列了多个观点，没有作者观点;讨论的主要对象是literary personality;所以准确选项是：discussing attitudes toward a particular focus for literary analysis.第二题多选题，问Deconstructionist 和New historicist都同意什么。
那肯定选都认为literary personality不重要啦。
于是准确选项只有一个选项：the writer’s literary personality haslittle or no relevance.第三题词汇题，问文中"credit a writer with"是什么意思。
根据这个短语本来的意思和预警，答案是：presume a writer had.第二篇文章：文章结构是：有更多的选择会提升消费者 preference match(偏好被满足) 的期望。
但是实际上，有更多的选择并不会提升消费者实现 preference match 的几率。
Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy 51. Which of the following is true about Olson?关于Olson，以下哪项是正确的He taught economics at the University of Maryland.他在马里兰大学教授经济学。
52. Which of the following represents Olson's point of view?以下哪项代表奥尔森的观点？Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.保护个人财产权可以促进财富的积累。
53. What does Olson think about mass production?奥尔森如何看待批量生产？It's property intensive.这是财产密集型54. What is the basis for the banking system?银行体系的基础是什么？A contract system that can be enforced.可以强制执行的合同系统。
55. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?奥尔森认为，第三世界国家经济欠佳的原因是什么？Lack of secure individual property rights.缺乏安全的个人财产权。
56. What is the other economists' opinion about the poor economies of the Third World?其他经济学家对第三世界的贫困经济有何看法？A free market is not let to determine the prices and quantities of goods.自由市场不允许确定商品的价格和数量。
研究生英语读写教程提高级unit13In the backdrop of globalization, the exchange and integration of cultures have become increasingly significant. As the world becomes more interconnected, the boundaries that once separated different cultures are gradually disappearing, giving way to a new era of cultural diversity and hybridity. This phenomenon is not merely a product of economic integration and technological advancements; it is also a reflection of the deep-seated human desire to connect, understand, and appreciate other cultures.One of the most significant impacts of globalization on cultural exchange is the ease with which information and ideas can now travel across borders. The internet, in particular, has revolutionized the way we access and share cultural content. Movies, music, books, and other forms of media are now accessible to a global audience, enabling people to experience diverse cultures without leaving their homes. This has not only broadened people's horizons but has also fostered a newfound respect and appreciation for other cultures.However, the process of cultural exchange is not always smooth. Differences in language, values, traditions, and beliefs can sometimes lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. It is, therefore, crucial that we approach cultural exchange with an open and tolerant mindset, respecting the differences while seeking commonalities. By doing so, we can not only avoid misunderstandings but also learn from other cultures, enriching our own cultural identity.Integration, on the other hand, refers to the blending of different cultures into a new, unique cultural identity. This process often occurs when cultures come into contact with each other, resulting in the emergence of new cultural forms and practices. For instance, the fusion of Western and Eastern music styles has given birth to a new genre of music that is both unique and appealing to a global audience. Similarly, the integration of different cuisines has led to the creation of new and exciting dishes that are a testament to the beauty of cultural diversity.In conclusion, the exchange and integration of cultures are inevitable in the age of globalization. It is ourresponsibility to ensure that this process is positive and constructive, fostering mutual understanding and respect among different cultures. By doing so, we can create a more inclusive and harmonious world where the richness ofcultural diversity is celebrated and cherished.**全球化背景下的文化交流与融合**在全球化的背景下，文化交流与融合变得越来越重要。
2024-2025学年沪教版英语小学五年级上学期期末模拟试题及答案指导一、听力部分（本大题有12小题，每小题2分，共24分）1、What is the name of the capital city in China?A. ShanghaiB. BeijingC. GuangzhouD. ShenzhenAnswer: BExplanation: The capital city of China is Beijing. The other options are major cities in China, but not the capital.2、How do you say “I have a cat” in English?A. I have a dogB. I have a catC. I have a birdD. I have a fishAnswer: BExplanation: The correct translation of “我有只猫” (Wo you zhi mao) into English is “I have a cat.” The other options are translations of differentanimals.3、Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer for each question. (听对话，回答下列问题。
)3、How does Tom go to school today?A、By bus.B、By bike.C、On foot.3、C、On foot.解析: In the dialogue, Tom says, “I usually go to school on foot, but today I walked faster because I was in a hurry.” Therefore, the correct answer is C, “On foot.”4、What’s the weather like today?A、Sunny.B、Rainy.C、Cloudy.4、B、Rainy.解析: The dialogue mentions that “Tom’s father said, ‘It’s going to rain today, so make sure to bring an umbrella.’” Therefore, the correct answer is B, “Rainy.”5.Listen to the dialogue between two students about their weekend plans. Select the best answer to fill in the blank.Student A: Hey, do you know what you are doing this weekend?Student B: Well, I’m going to visit my grandparents in the countryside.Student A: That sounds nice. What about you?Student B: I’m planning to go to the lake with my friends to swim and enjoy the nature.Question: What is Student B’s plan for the weekend?A)Visiting a friend in the city.B)Playing video games at home.C)Traveling to the countryside to visit grandparents.D)Going to the lake with friends.Answer: C) Traveling to the countryside to visit grandparents.Explanation: The conversation between the students clearly indicates Student B’s plan to travel to the countryside to visit their grandparents.6.Listen to a short passage about different types of fruits. Answer the following question.Question: According to the passage, which of the following fruits is not mentioned?A)ApplesB)BananasC)CherriesD)GrapesE)OrangesAnswer: C) CherriesExplanation: The passage mentions apples, bananas, grapes, and oranges asdifferent types of fruits; Cherries are not mentioned in the list.7、Listen to the dialogue and choose the correct answer.A. How old is the boy?B. How many books does the girl have?C. What is the weather like today?Answer: BExplanation: The boy asks, “How many books do you have?” indicating that the topic of the conversation is about the number of books the girl has. The other options are not addressed in the dialogue.8、Listen to the following instructions and complete the sentence.You will hear a teacher giving instructions for a group activity. Listen carefully and fill in the blank.The teacher says, “For our next activity, you will be working in groups of _______.”Answer: 4Explanation: The teacher’s instruction implies that the students will be divided into groups of four. The blank needs to be filled with the number “4” to complete the sentence correctly.9、Question:Listen to the sentence and choose the correct answer.Sentence:A: What is your favorite subject?B: My favorite subject is math.Answer: CExplanation:In the conversation, B says that his favorite subject is math. Therefore, the correct answer is C.10、Question:Listen to the sentence and choose the correct answer.Sentence:A: How do you go to school?B: I usually go to school by bus.Answer: BExplanation:In the dialogue, B indicates that he usually goes to school by bus. Thus, the correct answer is B.11.Listen to the dialogue between two students discussing their weekend plans. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence.A. They are going to the zoo on Saturday.B. They are planning a picnic on Sunday.C. They will visit their families.Answer: BExplanation: In the dialogue, the first student mentions that they are planning a picnic on Sunday, implying that they will gather food and spend time outdoors together.12.Listen to a short passage about the importance of reading books. After listening, answer the following question.How can reading books help a person?A. It makes them healthier.B. It encourages creativity.C. It improves mathematical skills.Answer: BExplanation: The passage emphasizes that reading books stimulates creativity, as it allows readers to imagine new worlds, characters, and situations, which in turn enhances their imagination and thinking abilities.二、选择题（本大题有12小题，每小题2分，共24分）1、Which of the following is a plural noun?A. CatB. DogC. BooksD. TreeAnswer: CExplanation: In English, a plural noun refers to more than one of a thing.Option C, “Books,” is the plural form of the word “Book,” indicating more than one book. Options A, B, and D are all singular nouns.2、What does “She is reading a book.” mean?A. She is writing a book.B. She is looking at a book but not reading it.C. She is reading the contents of a book.D. She is borrowing a book.Answer: CExplanation: The sentence “She is reading a book” means that she is actively engaging with the contents of a book by reading it. Option A refers to writing a book, which is different from reading. Option B suggests merely looking at a book without reading, which does not convey the same meaning. Option D refers to borrowing a book, which is also unrelated to the action of reading. Therefore, the correct answer is C.3、Which sentence is correct?A)She go to school by bus every day.B)She goes to school by bus every day.C)She going to school by bus every day.D)She went to school by bus every day.Answer: BExplanation: The correct choice is B because it uses the proper verb form ‘goes’ which agrees with the singular subject ‘She’. Option A incorrectly uses the base form of the verb ‘go’, while C incorrectly uses the presentparticiple ‘going’ without a main verb. Option D is in the past tense, which does not fit the context of an ongoing action described by ‘every day’.4、What should you say when someone gives you a gift?A)You’re welcome.B)Thank you very much.C)I don’t like it.D)It’s none of your business.Answer: BExplanation: The correct choice is B. When receiving a gift, it is polite to express gratitude by saying ‘Thank you very much.’ Option A is used to respond to thanks, not to give them. Options C and D are impolite and would be inappropriate responses when given a gift.5.Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.Tom is a good student. He always keeps his classroom __________.A. cleanB. clearC. clearnessD. clearableAnswer: AExplanation: The correct word to complete the sentence is “clean” becau se it means to be free from dirt or disorder, which is the expected behavior ofa good student in keeping his classroom.6.Select the sentence that has the correct subject-verb agreement.A. The students are playing football.B. The students is playing football.C. The students be playing football.D. The students playing football.Answer: AExplanation: The correct sentence is “The students are playing football” because the subject “the students” is plural, so the verb “are” should be used to agree with the subject in number. The other options have incorrect verb conjugation or agreement.7、Which day of the week comes after Wednesday?A)MondayB)TuesdayC)ThursdayAnswer: C) ThursdayExplanation: The days of the week in order are Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. Therefore, Thursday comes after Wednesday.8、What is the result of 45 ÷ 9?A)4B)5C)6Answer: B) 5Explanation: To find the result of 45 ÷ 9, divi de 45 by 9.45 ÷ 9 = 59.What is the plural form of the word “cat”?A)catB)catsC)cat’sAnswer: B) catsExplanation: The word “cat” is a singular noun. Its plural form is “cats.”10.Choose the correct verb form to complete the sentence.Yesterday, Emily___________her homework.A)finishedB)finishesC)is finishingAnswer: A) finishedExplanation: The sentence talks about an action that Emily did yesterday, which is in the past. Therefore, the correct form to use is the past simple tense, “finished.”11、What day is it tomorrow?A. MondayB. TuesdayC. WednesdayD. ThursdayAnswer: AExplanation: The context or previous information in the test paper should indicate or imply that today is Sunday, making tomorrow Monday. Without direct context here, the answer is based on typical test logic where options are distinct and not overlapping in a direct sequence question.12、—— How_____is your brother?—— He is 1.65 meters.A. oldB. tallC. heavyD. longAnswer: BExplanation: The response “He is 1.65 meters” indicates a measurement of height. Therefore, the correct question to ask would be about how tall someone is. “Old” refers to age, “heavy” refers to weight, and “long” is generally not used to describe a person’s height in this context.三、完型填空（10分）Section III: Cloze TestDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then fill in each blank with the correct form of the word given in brackets.Passage:Tommy is a 1 (five) grade student. He usually goes to school by bus, buttoday he went by bike because the bus was late. After school, he met his friend Jerry near the school gate. They decided to go to the park to play football. When they got there, they saw many children playing games. Tommy and Jerry joined them and had a lot of 2(funny). After playing, they were very thirsty, so they went to buy some drinks. On their way back home, they found a little dog lying on the street. It looked lost and hungry. Tommy and Jerry took it to an animal shelter nearby. The workers there said they would take good care of the dog. Tommy and Jerry felt happy that they could help the little dog. At last, they went home and told their parents about their day. Their parents were proud of them for being so 3 (kind).Questions:1.Tommy is a 1 (five) grade student.2.They decided to go to the park to play football and had a lot of 2(funny).3.Their parents were proud of them for being so 3 (kind).Answer Key:1.fifth2.fun3.kindThis cloze test aims to assess the students’ understanding of basic vocabulary, such as numbers and adjectives, as well as their ability to use words correctly in context. It also includes a simple narrative to encourage reading comprehension.四、阅读理解（26分）Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The Shanghai Zoo, located in the heart of Shanghai, is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the city. With over 1,200 animals from around the world, the zoo offers a unique opportunity for visitors to learn about wildlife and conservation. The zoo covers an area of 220 hectares and is divided into several sections, each focusing on a different part of the animal kingdom.One of the most interesting sections of the zoo is the Primate House. Here, visitors can observe various species of monkeys, such as the Macaque and the Rhesus macaque. These primates are known for their intelligence and social behavior. Another highlight is the Elephants and Lions section, where you can see these majestic creatures up close. The zoo also has a special section for endangered animals, where visitors can learn about conservation efforts and the importance of protecting wildlife.Question 1: What is the main purpose of the Shanghai Zoo?A. To provide entertainment for visitors.B. To educate people about wildlife and conservation.C. To sell animals to tourists.D. To offer a place for people to exercise.Question 2: How many hectares does the Shanghai Zoo cover?A. 50 hectaresB. 100 hectaresC. 220 hectaresD. 500 hectaresQuestion 3: Which section of the zoo is known for housing intelligent primates?A. The Elephants and Lions sectionB. The Endangered Animals sectionC. The Primate HouseD. The Birds sectionAnswer Key:1.B. To educate people about wildlife and conservation.2.C. 220 hectares3.C. The Primate House五、写作题（16分）Section Five: Writing (Writing)Instructions:Write a short passage about your favorite book. Include the title, the author, why you enjoy it, and any memorable scenes or characters. Your passage should be at least 50 words.Example:My favorite book is “Charlotte’s Web” by E.B. White. This book tells the storyof a little girl named Fern, who saves her pet pig, Wilbur, from being sold to a slaughterhouse. Wilbur becomes a pig for a fair, and Charlotte, a friendly spider living on the farm, becomes his friend. They both become great friends, and Charlotte helps Wilbur win a prize at the fair by writing wonderful words in her web. I love this book because it shows that true friendship is more important than material things. Especially, the story of the spider and the pig is so heart-warming and touching.Analysis:•Content: Ensure the passage includes the title, author, and personal reasons for enjoying the book, along with memorable scenes or characters.•Structure: The example is organized clearly into sections about the book’s content, the author, and th e personal connection to the story.•Vocabulary & Grammar: The example uses appropriate vocabulary for a Grade5 student, along with proper grammar and sentence structure.•Length: The example meets the 50-word requirement, which helps students understand the minimum length necessary.•Cohesion: The writing shows a clear flow of ideas and maintains coherence throughout the passage.This writing task tests students’ ability to write a short, coherent passage based on a chosen book and to use appropriate language and content.。
