2012英语专业八级翻译真题

2012年英语专业八级真题和答案详解TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to themini-lecture.ObservationPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A. Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour -- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings’ novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creativepersonality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewee’s suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan’s economic growth in the second quarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan’s slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5. PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I’d been oblivious to my “water footprint”, which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. TheDutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the “Green Blue Book” by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I’ve installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I’ve set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. I’ve even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I’ve been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I’ve saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the “Green Blue Book” website and usedits water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I’m using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I’m hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I’m serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they’re madefrom water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friend’s swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I’d been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes’ outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It’s one I’m trying, and that’s had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green BlueBook.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the author’s feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advancedwater-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, “...how mv own actions factored in” me ansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed tofreshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. “My entire closet is borderline Olympic” is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph’?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous. TEXT BIn her novel of “Reunion, American Style”, Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion “is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do bett er than I?”Jaffe’s observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted bysocial psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren’t there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis.In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year.A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumniof Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century,most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond –for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions onparticipation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage “affinity reunions” for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against “establishment politics.” If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparac ino’s studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffe’s statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in highschool study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees’ intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned asa distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one’s recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the firstparagraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffe’s novel.B. present the author’s counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the author’s argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications. TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn’t. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George’s, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light ofthe shoemaker’s window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window.“What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?” Mr. Cattanzara asked. “l see you walkin’ around at night.”George felt embarrassed. “I like to walk.”“What are you doin’ in the day now?”“Nothing much just now. I’m waiting for a job.” Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn’t working, George said, “I’m reading a lot to pick up my education.”“What are you readin’?”George hesitated, then said, “I got a list of books in the library once and now I’m gonna read them this summer.” He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him.“How many books are there on it?”“I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred.”Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth.“I figure if l did that,” George went on earnestly, “it would help me in my education. 1 don’t mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean.”The change maker nodded. “S till and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for onesummer.”“It might take longer.”“After you’re finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?” said Mr. Cattanzara.“When I’m finished,” George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophieknew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George’s reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then became serious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he’s beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol’s National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a “teach-in” honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciationfor the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you don’t have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we can’t afford to lose.Compare this year’s celebration with the Lincoln cente nnial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln’s likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln’s presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acutesense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what l’m talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to “reassess” the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as “nonjudgmental,” “unmoralistic,” “comfortable with ambiguity.”I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we laterwatched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: “But he’s so small!”The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have los t the language to explain Lincoln’s greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We’ve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What’s often missing, though, is the timelessLincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we’ve inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this year’s celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.B. no memorial coins will be issued.C. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 cel ebrations different from this year’s?A. Respect for great people and their influence.B. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.D. Temporal proximity to Lincoln’s presidency.28. In the author’s opinion, thecounter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. conforms to traditional images.B. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.C. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. Lincoln’s greatness remains despite the passage of time.B. The memorial is symbolic of the great man’s achievements.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers. PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. “The lettuce was lonely wit hout tomatoes and cucumbers for company” is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.38. In English ifa word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a (n)A. assimilation rule.B. sequential rule.C.deletion rule.D. grammar rule.39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?A.APEC.B.Motel.C.Xerox.D.Disco.40. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of” situation i s calledA. register.B. dialect.C. slang.D. variety. PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)。

英语专八汉译英考题及参考译文（部分年份）2007年原文：暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合在一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。

也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。

它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。

也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。

这是黄河滩上的一幕。

牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。

只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。

这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的。

如果走近了，你会发现它们洁白的牙齿，以及那丰富而单纯的表情。

参考译文：In the dusky twilight, colorful clouds hang over the bank where the river turns. They are so mixed with the colors of the sky that one can hardly tell the flowing clouds from the running river.Just by the side of this fascinating picture, some sheep, with their heads bent low, are grazing on the grassland along the bank of the river, almost none of them willing to spare a minute to look up at this beautiful evening scene. Perhaps they have to hurry up to have their last chew before being driven home. This is the scene on the Yellow River bend. Not seen there, the shepherd must be resting in somewhere we don’t know, leaving these creatures here alone to enjoy the evening freely. The grass here is abundant and the sheep are all well-fed, strong and fat. If you approach them, you can see their white shining teeth and their simple but expressive faces as well.2009年原文：我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机。

2002年E-C：The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When they refer to a person as a w inner, we do not mean one who makes some else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds auth entically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genien, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners do not decide their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rath er, they are themselves and so much do not use their energy putting on a performance, mainta ining pretence(伪装) and manipulating(操纵) others. They are aware that there is a differenc e between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between be ing knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.参考译文：胜者不会穷其毕生精力，去拘泥于某个他们所想象的为人之道;相反，他们会保持其真我本色，并且，作为这种追求真我的仁者，他们不会绞尽脑汁装腔作势，维持一种自命不凡的姿态，或去操纵他人。

2012年英语专八翻译题目一、英译汉：A.原文：But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜总会，就把等保安人员)（not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses）now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behavior their drinking. The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs. As fields are burned and contraband(违禁品) confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace.B.译文：然而上述政策反而引发了更多的校园暴力。

1QUESTION BOOKLETTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)¡ªGRADE EIGHT¡ªTIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART¢ñ¢ñ¢ñ¢ñ LISTENING COMPREHENSION£¨£¨£¨£¨35 min£©£©£©£©SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini----lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. Whilelistening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will needthem to complete a gap----filling task after the mini----lecture. When the lecture is over, you will begiven two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap----filling taskon ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure theword(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer toyour notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note ----taking.Now listen to the mini--lecture.Observing BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there aredifferences in daily-life observation and research observation.A. Differences---- daily life observation-casual-(1) ________-dependence on memory (1)____________---- research observation- (2) _________ (2)____________2- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______ (3)____________Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination. ---- (4) _______ (4)____________- definition: selection of different locations- reason: humans¡¯ or animals¡¯ behaviour (5) ______ across (5) ____________circumstances- (6) ______: more objective observations (6)____________C. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______ (7)____________---- observation with intervention- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant - field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions (8)____________---- observation without intervention-purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______ (9)____________- (10) ______ : no intervention- researcher: a passive recorder (10) ____________SECTION BINTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the following five questions.3Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings' novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.B. appears to be the result of the environment.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Critical.C. Resolute.D. Original.5. The interviewee's suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. creativity can only be found in great people.D. the environment is significant in the creative process. SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. A problem in the cooling system was solved.B. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.4C. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.D. An international space station was set up.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will begiven 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. Egypt.C. The Philippines.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B.. To investigate ways of physical punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To expose cases of child abuse and punishmentQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will begiven 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan's economic growth in the second quarter was ____less than the first quarter.A. 4 percentB. 3 percentC. 0.6 percentD. 3.4 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan's slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART ¢ò¢ò¢ò¢ò READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choicequestions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWERSHEET TWO.TEXT A5I used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon thestacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water. It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to itsappearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons. Until last fall, I'd been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volumeof freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water FootprintNetwork. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since2008, but it was through the "Green Blue Book" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to seehow my own actions factored in.I've installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry machine andbathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average,50 gallons of water per day.I've set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascadingfrom my roof. I've even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I've been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I'vesaved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect ¨Cnot onlyon the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, inthe future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" websiteand used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up thewater footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose ofover-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I'm using 512 gallons of virtualwater each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I'm hardly aclotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing frommy faucets each day. If I'm serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simplelifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it wasfood and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets inparticular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather jacket,leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of bluejeans, because they're made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like myfriend's swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic. Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are,of course, exemptfrom this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shoppingat Goodwill. In fact, I'dbeen doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes' outrageous water footprint justreintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with thewater footprint. It's one I'm trying, and that's had an unusual upside.I had a hamburger recently,and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)6 11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.B. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.C. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.D. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book 12. Which of the following reasons canbest explain the author's feeling of self-satisfaction?A. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how my own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. what efforts I should make to save fresh water. 14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his lifestyle was too extravagant.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his clothes used even more virtual water. 15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.7 16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph'?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT B In her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is morethan a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearlyall our minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffe's observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conductedby social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren'tthere invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates.Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes. Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; othersenjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, ofcourse). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times theyremember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high schoolstudents, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involvedin extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turnedup at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times! It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by theirprevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school andcollege graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, familyreunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable moneyand time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans areprobably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-bogglingnumber and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of thisdesire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regularbasis and, in the process, they have also become big business. Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunionseach year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time,all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last fewyears, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions areincreasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.8The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates ofPennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the townwearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for adinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not,by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide toattend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together asundergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond ¨C forexample, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantialnumbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger collegesand universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such asdepartments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders,editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and thelike.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduatedduring the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were partof the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators,protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If thisgeneration has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile tothem. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories ofcollege during this period may not wish to attend class reunions. 17. According to the passage, Sparacino's studyA. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.B. found evidence for attendees' intense desire for showing off success.C. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.D. provided strong evidence for Jaffe's statement. 18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. Class reunions have become a profitable business.B. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.C. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.D. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one's recent success. 19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. Shared experience beyond the campus.9B. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.C. The special status their university enjoys.D. The variety of activities for class reunion. 20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA. serve as prelude to the author's argument.B. present the author's counterargument.C. introduce Rona Jeffe's novel.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions. 21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.B. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.C. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.D. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States. TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work.He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn't. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headedman who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the nextblock after George's,above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt,reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemaker's window. He read it from the first pageto the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat womanwith a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms foldedunder her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never madeany trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Thoughdrunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyeswere wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buylemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in theneighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed toknow what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from thewindow."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see youwalkin' around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin' in the day now?"11 B. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.C. Mr. Cattanzara was doubtful about George throughout.D.. Mr. Cannazara was surprised at George's reading plan.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list. 25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.B. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.C. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.D. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father. TEXTD Abraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he's beginning to show his age. When his birthdayarrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol's NationalStatuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will linkschool classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate,even halfhearted - and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his toweringachievements is slipping away. And you don't have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that thisis something we can't afford to lose.Compare this year's celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln'slikeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury.Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts,balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first pavedtranscontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln's presidency was still aliving memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the SecondWorld War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from thatawful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes andan acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and makeus who we are.One story will illustrate what l'm talking about.12In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia,former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons ofConfederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to "reassess" thelegacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from aracist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conferenceof scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only ourtouchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history wasdescribed - by his admirers, remember - as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable withambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statuein a subdued ceremony: "But he's so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the pasthalf century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic -approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincoln'sgreatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln:principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented aLincoln made after their own image. We've had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln asmanic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, theemancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy andLincoln scrambled.What's often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, ourown no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a centuryago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The LincolnMemorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincolnwho endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we'veinherited. Here is the Lincolnwho can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us. 26. The author thinks that this year's celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.B. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.C. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.D. no memorial coins will be issued.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from thisyear's?A. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.B. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Respect for great people and their influence.D. Temporal proximity to Lincoln's presidency.1328. In the author's opinion, the counter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.B. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.C. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.D. conforms to traditional images.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. The memorial is symbolic of the great man's achievements.B. Lincoln's greatness remains despite the passage of time.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers. PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer toeach question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. 31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. Government.C. State.D. Cabinet.1433. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. October 11th.B. July 4th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Great Lakes..B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Pacific OceanD. the Arctic Ocean.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. T.S. Eliot.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. George Bernard Shaw.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. John Steinbeck.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. William Faulkner.37. "The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. personification.C. understatement.D. synecdoche.1538. In English if a word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a(n)A. sequential rule.B. grammar rule.C. deletion rule.D. assimilation rule.39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?A.APEC.B.Motel.C. Disco.D. Xerox.40. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particulartype of" situation is calledA. variety.B. dialect.C. slang.D. register. PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains amaximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. Youshould proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way: Fora wrongword, underline the wrong word and write the correct one inthe blankprovided at the end of the line.16For a missingword, mark the position of the missing word with a " ¡Ä" signand writethe word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the endof the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/"and put the word in theblank provided at the end of the line. EXAMPLE When¡Äart museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO asinstructed. The central problem of translating has always been whetherto translate literally or freely.The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writersfavoured certain kind of ¡°free¡± translation: the spirit, not theletter; the (2) _______sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______。

Agony gathered in heart,depression suffused in the chest, she felt a current of air rushing out from the stomach and a burning between eyebrows. when the president said that the kid was in delayed development, she even lost her mind. she walked back and forth in the room where other children stayed. It was one-window room out of which some shadows of trees were dancing. Just leave the child here, it would be the best place for this child to live. There were kind priests and sisters and it would be developed into a nursing center with medical function. she left her child as a secret in the buildings sheltered the woods.然而上述政策反而为更多的校园暴力创造了更多条件。

一些大学生先前处于保安人员严密的监控之下，在夜总会的酒吧喝酒（更不用说想保住酒水许可证的酒家）。

现在，大学生们躲到他们联谊的房子和公寓中，在那里对不用控制自己的行为——喝酒。

在打击非法毒品方面采取的措施同样适得其反。

近年来,联邦政府已经有效地抑制了街头毒品买卖。

但随着警方捣毁了很多毒品种植地，没收了违禁品，导致毒品的价格暴涨以来，那些便宜的替代品开始和价格暴跌的街头毒品抢占市场。

2012年英语专业八级考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12012年英语专业八级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part ,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Internet and Social Networking .You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 网络给我们的生活带来了很多便利2. 社交网络成为一种流行的交友方式3. 你喜欢通过社交网络结识新朋友吗Internet and Social NetworkingWith the rapid development of information technology, the Internet has become an indispensable part of our daily life. It brings us great convenience in many aspects, such as shopping, communication, and entertainment. Social networking, as a popular way to make friends, has also gained momentum in recent years.As a social platform, social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram allow people to connect with others, share information, and stay in touch with friends and family. It has become a new way of communication in the digital age. However, some people may argue that social networking lacks the face-to-face interaction and personal touch that traditional friendships provide.Personally, I enjoy using social networking to meet new people and expand my social circle. It allows me to connect with like-minded individuals, exchange ideas, and learn about different cultures. However, I also value the importance of offline interactions and believe that a healthy balance between online and offline relationships is crucial.In conclusion, the Internet and social networking have revolutionized the way we communicate and interact with others. While it offers convenience and new opportunities for socialization, it is essential to use it wisely and maintain a balance between virtual and real-life connections.篇22012年英语专业八级考试真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)When I was a child, my world was filled with 1. ______. I was surrounded by books and movies that romanticized the idea of love. It was not until many years later that I realized that love was not always about grand gestures and 2. ______ declarations. Love is often silent and 3. ______, found in the small moments that make up a life. I learned this lesson from my grandparents.My grandparents were married for over 60 years, and although they were not ones to show 4. ______ affection, their love for each other was evident in the way they 5. ______ their lives together. It was in the gentle touch of my grandfather's hand on my grandmother's back as they walked down the street, or in the way my grandmother would pack my grandfather's lunch every morning before he left for work. It was in the simple act of 6. ______ hands as they sat on the couch watching TV, or in the way they would share a knowing smile across the dinner table.I remember one particular evening when my grandparents were hosting a dinner party for their friends. I sat at the kitchentable, watching as my grandmother bustled about, setting the table and preparing the food. My grandfather sat quietly at the head of the table, a small smile playing on his lips as he 7. ______ the room. Every now and then, he would reach out and touch my grandmother's hand, a quick, almost 8. ______ gesture that spoke volumes about their love for each other.As I sat there, taking in the scene before me, I realized that love was not about grand gestures or 9. ______ declarations. It was about the small, everyday moments that made up a life. It was about the way my grandparents looked at each other across the room, the way they held hands as they walked down the street, and the way they shared a simple meal together.From that day on, I vowed to 10. ______ the lessons of love that my grandparents had taught me. I learned that love is not always loud or flashy, but often quiet and subtle, found in the small moments that make up a life.1. A. fantasies B. realities C. dreams D. desires2. A. bold B. loud C. grand D. striking3. A. elusive B. evident C. explicit D. obscure4. A. external B. emotional C. physical D. public5. A. spent B. valued C. shared D. planned6. A. shaking B. holding C. clapping D. raising7. A. surveyed B. ignored C. observed D. spotted8. A. invisible B. imperceptible C. irrelevant D. insensible9. A. exaggerated B. boastful C. explicit D. discreet10. A. reflect B. cherish C. neglect D. abandonSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Many people believe that air travel is a comfortable and convenient way to travel, but it is becoming increasingly apparent that this is not always the case. Recent surveys have indicated that a growing number of passengers are dissatisfied with the service they receive on airlines, and the problem is only getting worse.One of the main complaints from passengers is the lack of space on planes. With airlines packing more seats into each plane in order to maximize profits, passengers often find themselves crammed into tiny seats with little legroom. This can be uncomfortable for even the shortest flight, but on long-haul flights, it can be downright unbearable. Airlines argue that the increased number of seats allows them to keep ticket prices low, but passengers are increasingly willing to pay more for a comfortable seat and a better flying experience.Another common complaint is the lack of customer service on airlines. With cutbacks in staff and an increased focus on efficiency, airlines are often unable to provide the level of service that passengers expect. Flight attendants are overworked and underpaid, which can lead to a lack of attention to passengers' needs and concerns. This lack of personal service can make flying a frustrating experience for many passengers.In addition to these issues, passengers are also unhappy with the quality of food and beverages served on airlines. With airlines trying to cut costs wherever possible, the quality ofin-flight meals has declined in recent years. Many passengers report being served unappetizing and unhealthy meals, or being charged exorbitant prices for snacks and beverages. This canleave passengers feeling like they are being taken advantage of by the airlines they are paying to fly with.Overall, it is clear that there are many areas in which airlines can improve in order to provide a better flying experience for their passengers. From increasing seat sizes and improving customer service to providing better quality and more affordable food and beverages, there are many changes that could be made to make air travel a more pleasant experience for all.11. According to recent surveys, what are passengers increasingly dissatisfied with?A. The lack of space on planesB. The lack of customer service on airlinesC. The quality of food and beverages served on airlinesD. All of the above12. Why do airlines pack more seats into each plane?A. To maximize profitsB. To provide more comfort for passengersC. To increase the quality of in-flight mealsD. To reduce ticket prices13. What is one of the main complaints about customer service on airlines?A. Flight attendants are overworked and underpaidB. Airlines provide too much attention to passengers' needsC. Airlines focus too much on efficiencyD. Airlines have too many staff members14. What has happened to the quality of in-flight meals in recent years?A. It has increasedB. It has remained the sameC. It has declinedD. It has become more affordable15. What does the author suggest airlines should do to improve the flying experience for passengers?A. Increase seat sizesB. Improve customer serviceC. Provide better quality and more affordable food and beveragesD. All of the aboveText 2As the world becomes increasingly digital, the role of libraries in society is changing. Once seen as quiet places for reading and research, libraries are now transforming into community hubs that offer a wide range of services to their patrons.One of the main changes in libraries in recent years is the introduction of digital resources. Many libraries now offere-books and audiobooks that patrons can borrow online. This allows people to access books and other materials without having to physically visit the library. In addition, many libraries offer digital subscriptions to newspapers and magazines, as well as access to online databases and learning resources. These resources can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection, making it easier for people to access information and educational materials.In addition to digital resources, libraries are also becoming more community-focused. Many libraries now offer programs and events that cater to a wide range of interests and age groups. From children's storytime sessions to adult education classes, libraries are working to engage with their communities andprovide valuable services beyond just lending books. This shift towards a more community-focused approach has proven successful in attracting new patrons and increasing the relevance of libraries in today's digital age.Overall, the changing role of libraries in society is a positive development that has allowed libraries to remain relevant in an increasingly digital world. By adapting to meet the changing needs of their patrons and offering a wider range of services, libraries are able to continue to serve as vital community resources in the 21st century.16. What is one of the main changes in libraries in recent years?A. The introduction of digital resourcesB. The closure of libraries in many communitiesC. The focus on quiet reading and researchD. The decrease in the number of patrons17. How do digital resources in libraries benefit patrons?A. They allow patrons to access books and materials onlineB. They require patrons to physically visit the libraryC. They are not available to patrons with an internet connectionD. They are limited to certain age groups18. What other services besides books and other materials do libraries now offer?A. Subscriptions to newspapers and magazinesB. Access to online databases and learning resourcesC. Programs and events catering to a wide range of interestsD. All of the above19. Why has the shift towards a more community-focused approach been successful for libraries?A. It allows them to engage with their communitiesB. It has increased funding for librariesC. It decreases patronageD. It limits the relevance of libraries in the digital age20. What does the author suggest has allowed libraries to remain relevant in an increasingly digital world?A. Adapting to meet the changing needs of their patronsB. Offering a wider range of servicesC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor BText 3The use of social media in the workplace is a controversial topic that has sparked much debate in recent years. While some argue that social media can be a valuable tool for communication and collaboration, others believe that it can be a distraction and a threat to productivity.One of the main arguments in favor of social media in the workplace is that it allows for increased communication and collaboration among employees. With platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, employees can easily connect with colleagues, share ideas, and collaborate on projects. This can lead to increased creativity and innovation in the workplace, as well as improved teamwork and communication. In addition, social media can be a valuable tool for networking and building relationships with clients and customers, which can help businesses grow and succeed.However, critics of social media in the workplace argue that it can be a major distraction that can decrease productivity andfocus. With the constant stream of updates, notifications, and messages, employees can easily become overwhelmed and lose focus on their work. In addition, the use of social media can lead to security risks for businesses, as employees may inadvertently share sensitive information or fall victim to phishing attacks. This can have serious consequences for businesses, including loss of revenue and damage to their reputation.Overall, the use of social media in the workplace is a complex issue that requires careful consideration and management. While it can be a valuable tool for communication and collaboration, it can also be a distraction and a threat to productivity. By setting clear guidelines and expectations for social media use, businesses can harness the benefits of social media while minimizing the risks.21. What are some of the benefits of social media in the workplace?A. Increased communication and collaboration among employeesB. Improved creativity and innovationC. Networking and building relationships with clients and customersD. All of the above22. How can social media be a distraction in the workplace?A. By allowing employees to easily connect with colleaguesB. By providing a constant stream of updates, notifications, and messagesC. By improving teamwork and communicationD. By fostering creativity and innovation23. What potential security risks do critics of social media in the workplace point out?A. Loss of revenue and damage to reputationB. Sharing sensitive informationC. Falling victim to phishing attacksD. All of the above24. How can businesses harness the benefits of social media while minimizing the risks?A. By banning the use of social media in the workplaceB. By setting clear guidelines and expectations for social media useC. By increasing the use of social mediaD. By limiting communication and collaboration among employees25. What is the main point of the text?A. Social media in the workplace is a valuable tool for communication and collaborationB. Social media in the workplace is a major distraction and a threat to productivityC. Social media in the workplace has sparked much debate in recent yearsD. Social media in the workplace requires careful consideration and managementText 4The education system in many countries is facing significant challenges in the 21st century. With rapid advances in technology and changes in the job market, schools are struggling to keep up with the evolving needs of students and societies.One of the main challenges facing the education system is the need to prepare students for an increasingly digital world.With computers and the internet playing a central role in virtually every aspect of modern life, students need to develop digital literacy skills in order to succeed in the workforce. This has led to calls for schools to introduce more technology-based learning tools and resources, as well as to teach students how to use technology in a responsible and ethical manner.In addition to the need for digital literacy skills, schools are also facing challenges in preparing students for a rapidly changing job market. Many traditional jobs are being automated or outsourced, while new jobs in fields such as artificial intelligence and renewable energy are emerging. This has led to calls for schools to focus more on teaching critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity, rather than just rote memorization and test-taking skills. By developing these skills, students will be better prepared to adapt to the changing job market and succeed in a wide range of careers.Overall, the challenges facing the education system are significant, but by adapting to meet the evolving needs of students and societies, schools can continue to provide a valuable and relevant education to future generations. By focusing on digital literacy, critical thinking, problem-solving,and creativity, schools can prepare students for success in a rapidly changing world.26. What are some of the challenges facing the education system in the 21st century?A. Preparing students for an increasingly digital worldB. Educating students in a rapidly changing job marketC. Developing digital literacy skillsD. All of the above27. Why do students need to develop digital literacy skills?A. To succeed in the workforceB. To improve their test-taking skillsC. To decrease their creativityD. To memorize more information28. What skills are schools being called to focus on in preparing students for a rapidly changing job market?A. Critical thinkingB. Problem-solvingC. CreativityD. All of the above29. How can schools continue to provide a valuable and relevant education to future generations?A. By offering more traditional jobsB. By focusing on digital literacy, critical thinking,problem-solving, and creativityC. By decreasing the use of technology-based learning tools and resourcesD. By improving students' rote memorization skills30. What is the main point of the text?A. Schools are struggling to keep up with the evolving needs of students and societiesB. Students need to develop digital literacy skills in order to succeed in the workforceC. Schools are facing challenges in preparing students for a rapidly changing job marketD. By focusing on digital literacy, critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity, schools can prepare students for success in a rapidly changing worldPart BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Universe is incredibly vast and mysterious, filled with billions of galaxies, each containing billions of stars. Our own Solar System is just a tiny speck in this vast expanse of space, yet it is the only place we know of that contains life. But how did it all come to be? How did the Universe go from being a hot, dense soup of particles to the complex and diverse cosmos we see today?The prevailing theory of the origin of the Universe is the Big Bang theory. According to this theory, the Universe began as a small, hot, dense point around 13.8 billion years ago. This point, known as a singularity, contained all the matter and energy that would go on to form the galaxies, stars, and planets we see today.The Universe has been expanding ever since, with galaxies moving away from each other as space itself expands.One of the pieces of evidence for the Big Bang theory is the cosmic microwave background radiation. This faint glow of radiation fills the Universe and is thought to be the leftover heat from the Big Bang. Another important piece of evidence is the abundance of light elements such as hydrogen and helium. These elements are thought to have been formed in the first few minutes after the Big Bang, when the Universe was hot and dense enough to allow nuclear reactions to occur.Despite the success of the Big Bang theory in explaining the large-scale structure of the Universe, there are still many unanswered questions about the nature of the Universe. For example, scientists are still unsure about what dark matter and dark energy, which are thought to make up the majority of the Universe, are made of. They are also unsure about the ultimate fate of the Universe, and whether it will continue to expand forever or eventually collapse back in on itself.A. The Universe is incredibly vast and mysterious, filled with billions of galaxies, each containing billions of stars.B. Our own Solar System is just a tiny speck in this vast expanse of space, yet it is the only place we know of that contains life.C. According to this theory, the Universe began as a small, hot, dense point around 13.8 billion years ago.D. This faint glow of radiation fills the Universe and is thought to be the leftover heat from the Big Bang.E. These elements are thought to have been formed in the first few minutes after the Big Bang, when the Universe was hot and dense enough to allow nuclear reactions to occur.F. Despite the success of the Big Bang theory in explaining the large-scale structure of the Universe, there are still many unanswered questions about the nature of the Universe.G. For example, scientists are still unsure about what dark matter and dark energy, which are thought to make up the majority of the Universe, are made of.H. They are also unsure about the ultimate fate of the Universe, and whether it will continue to expand forever or eventually collapse back in on itself.Text 5It is generally believed that smoking causes harm to human health, with smoking-related diseases such as lung cancer and heart disease being major causes of death worldwide. However, a recent study has shed new light on the relationship between smoking and health, suggesting that the risks may not be as clear-cut as previously thought.The study, which was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, analyzed data from over 45,000 men and women over a period of 30 years. The researchers found that while smoking was indeed associated with an increased risk of developing smoking-related diseases, the risks varied depending on the amount and duration of smoking. For example, heavy smokers were found to be at a much higher risk of developing lung cancer than light smokers, while former smokers had a lower risk than current smokers.One of the surprising findings of the study was that light smokers, defined as those who smoked less than five cigarettes per day, did not have a significantly increased risk of dying from smoking-related diseases. This suggests that the risks of smoking may be dose-dependent, with heavier smokers facing a much higher risk than lighter smokers. The study also found that quitting smoking at any age was associated with a reduced riskof developing smoking-related diseases, highlighting the benefits of quitting smoking at any stage in life.Overall, the study has raised questions about the traditional view of smoking as a one-size-fits-all risk factor for disease. While smoking is still associated with an篇32012年英语专业八级考试真题Part I: Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section A:Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.1. A) She's from Canada.B) She's from Europe.C) She's from Asia.D) She's from America.2. A) She’s going to visit her cousin.B) She’s going to visit her friends.C) She’s going to visit her grandparents.D) She’s going to visit her uncle.3. A) The man is late for a meeting.B) The man needs a pencil.C) The man needs to buy more books.D) The man needs to make a telephone call.Section B:Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Speeches made by business leaders.B) Speeches made by diplomats.C) Special features about the UN headquarters.D) An office building where various events are held.12. A) The way people dress.B) The way people speak.C) The way people behave.D) The way people express themselves.13. A) The Capital of the United States.B) The United Nations headquarters.C) The Washington Hotel.D) The Pentagon Building.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) It has been sold to an American businessman.B) It will be used as a private residence.C) It was designed by a famous musician.D) It will be used as a museum.15. A) Sitting on a couch.B) Walking on a treadmill.C) Jogging on a runner.D) Lying in bed.16. A) He thinks people in Paris are not friendly.B) He thinks the service in Paris is bad.C) He thinks the hotels in Paris are dirty.D) He thinks people in Paris are not trustworthy.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) 12 hours per week.B) 16 hours per week.C) 20 hours per week.D) 24 hours per week.18. A) He prefers playing sports to watching TV.B) He enjoys watching TV with his parents.C) He prefers watching news programs.D) He enjoys watching cartoon programs.19. A) Near the school.B) Next to the shopping center.C) Opposite the theater.D) Beside the library.20. A) It's only 20 minutes away by car.B) It's half an hour away by bus.C) It's not far from his home.D) It's an hour’s walk.Part II: Reading Comprehension (15 minutes)Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.21. A) The characters on "The Bill" are professionals.B) "The Bill" is well known all over the UK.C) "The Bill" is popular in the U.S.D) "The Bill" focuses on such issues as drugs and racism.22. A) A police station.B) The personal lives of policemen.C) Methods of dealing with crime.D) The home of a senior policeman.23. A) Solving crimes.B) Organizing the police force.C) Patrolling the streets.D) Training new policemen.24. A) The police force was undergoing changes nationally.B) The police force had too many officers.C) The police force was unpopular.D) The police force was losing funding.25. A) The characters speak in a rough British dialect.B) The show has a popular weekly competition.C) The characters are often involved in dramas.D) The show has been cancelled.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the passage you have just heard26. A) They can be told whether pressured or not.B) They can influence the way we act.C) They can reveal our true feelings.D) They can show we are friendly.27. A) They are always sincere.B) They are only relevant in some jobs.C) They can never deceive anyone.D) They may not represent the true feelings of those who use them.28. A) The smile on Angela’s face revealed her anxiety.B) George's smile indicated he was confident in his final exam.C) Her colleagues interpreted her smile of approval.D) The factory workers’ manners revealed their hostility.29. A) Somebody is speaking angrily.B) Somebody is giving a polite request.C) Somebody is expressing agreement.D) Somebody is showing unwillingness.30. A) She felt someone had given her some advice.B) She was not satisfied with the way she had been treated.C) She realized somebody had been annoyed by her behavior.D) She gave approval to something said during the conversation.Passage Three。

2012八级翻译真题1.泊珍到偏远小镇的育幼院把生在那里养到1岁的孩子接回来。

但泊珍看他第一眼，仿似一声雷劈头而来。

令她晕头胀脑，这l岁的孩子脸型长得如此熟悉，她心里的第一道声音是，不能带回去!痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。

院长说这孩子发育迟缓时，她更是心头无绪。

她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步，这房里还有其他小孩。

整个房间只有一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑。

就让孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女，这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。

这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。

她将秘密留在心头。

参考答案：With pains gathering in her heart, she felt something burning hot between her eyebrows. Her chest was brimmed with depression and sorrow which was about to run out of her throat in any moment. She could not think straight when the headmaster told her that the child suffered from developmental retardation. She strode up and down in the room where other children were staying. There was only one window in the room, out of which some shady trees were dancing. “Just leave it here”, she thought to herself, “This might be the best choice. There are kind-hearted priests and nuns and the place will be renovated into a Medicare Center”. The child would be her secret kept in the buildings behind the woods.2011年专八真题1.现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。

2012年英语专业八级真题及参考答案TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012）—GRADE EIGHT— TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN）SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini—lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening，take notes on the important points。

Your notes will not be marked，but you will need them to complete a gap—filling task after the mini—lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes，and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word（s）you fill in is （are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task。

Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now，listen to the mini—lecture.Observation BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However，there are differences in daily life observation and research observation。

2012八级翻译真题1。

泊珍到偏远小镇的育幼院把生在那里养到１岁的孩子接回来．但泊珍看他第一眼,仿似一声雷劈头而来。

令她晕头胀脑，这l岁的孩子脸型长得如此熟悉,她心里的第一道声音是，不能带回去!痛苦纠聚心中,眉心发烫发热,胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。

院长说这孩子发育迟缓时,她更是心头无绪。

她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步，这房里还有其他小孩。

整个房间只有一扇窗,窗外树影婆娑.就让孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女,这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。

这孩子是她的秘密,她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里．她将秘密留在心头。

参考答案:With pains gaｔheriｎｇｉn heｒheaｒt, shｅfelt soｍething burning ｈot bｅt ｗeｅn ｈerｅyebrｏws. Ｈeｒchesｔwaｓbrimmedｗith dｅpｒessｉon and sｏrrow which was aｂout to ｒｕn oｕt of her throatｉn aｎy moment. S ｈe cｏuld not ｔhink straight wｈen tｈe ｈeａdmaster told her thaｔｔhe cｈild suｆfered froｍdeveloｐmentａl reｔardatioｎ。

Ｓhe sｔｒｏde up and dowｎｉn ｔhｅrooｍｗｈｅre other childｒen were stayinｇ。

Tｈeｒe was oｎly ｏne wｉｎｄow iｎtheｒoom，oｕt ｏfｗhich soｍe shadｙtreｅｓwere daｎciｎｇ. “Jｕst leaveｉt here”，sｈe thougｈt to herself, “This mig ｈt bｅｔｈe besｔcｈoice。

Tｈerｅare ｋｉｎｄ-heartｅｄpriests and nuns ａnd tｈe plａce wｉｌｌbe rｅｎｏvated into a MｅdｉｃａrｅＣeｎｔe ｒ”。

2012年英语专业八级考试真题中译英In recent years, the English Proficiency Test for English Majors (TEM-8) has become an important benchmark for measuring the English language proficiency of Chinese students majoring in English. The test is designed to assess students' listening, reading, writing, and translation skills. This document aims to provide an analysis of the 2012 TEM-8 exam and offer insights into the challenges faced by test-takers.The listening section of the 2012 TEM-8 exam consisted of three parts: short conversations, news reports, and academic lectures. Test-takers were required to listen carefully and answer multiple-choice questions based on the recordings. The difficulty level of the listening section was moderate, with some challenging vocabulary and complex sentence structures. It tested students' ability to comprehend spoken English in various contexts.The reading section of the exam included passages from newspapers, magazines, and academic journals. Test-takers had to read the passages and answer multiple-choice questions, fill in the blanks, and complete summaries. The reading materials covered a wide range of topics, such as politics, culture, science, and technology. The questions were designed to assess students' reading comprehension skills and their ability to infer information from the texts. The difficulty level of the reading section was relatively high, requiring test-takers to have a good command of vocabulary and strong reading skills.The writing section of the 2012 TEM-8 exam consisted of two tasks: an essay and a letter or report. Test-takers were given a choice of topics for the essay and had to write a coherent and well-structured piece of writing within a specified time limit. The letter or report task required test-takers to write a formal letter or a report based on a given situation. The writing section assessed students' ability to express their ideas clearly and concisely, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and organize their writing effectively.The translation section of the exam tested test-takers' ability to translate from Chinese to English and from English to Chinese. The Chinese-to-English translation taskrequired test-takers to translate a passage from Chinese into English, while the English-to-Chinese translation task required them to translate a passage from English into Chinese. The translation section assessed students' language proficiency, including their understanding of idiomatic expressions, grammar, and vocabulary in both languages.Overall, the 2012 TEM-8 exam posed significant challenges for test-takers. The listening section required them to have good listening skills and the ability to understand English spoken at a native-like speed. The reading section tested their reading comprehension abilities and their knowledge of various topics. The writing section assessed their ability to express their ideas effectively in written English. The translation section evaluated their language proficiency in both Chinese and English.To succeed in the TEM-8 exam, test-takers need to develop a comprehensive understanding of the English language and improve their listening, reading, writing, and translation skills. They should practice listening to English recordings, reading a variety of English texts, writing essays and reports, and translating between Chinese and English. By doing so, test-takers can enhance their language proficiency and increase their chances of achieving a high score in the TEM-8 exam.In conclusion, the 2012 TEM-8 exam was a comprehensive assessment of English language proficiency for Chinese students majoring in English. It tested their listening, reading, writing, and translation skills, and posed significant challenges. To succeed in the exam, test-takers need to develop a strong command of the English language and practice extensively in all tested areas. With dedication and effort, they can improve their language skills and achieve success in the TEM-8 exam.。

2002年C-E:大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。

所以人们对于大自然，全都一直并深深地依赖着。

尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。

种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，除草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌;往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。

这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。

参考译文：The bounty of nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor, and therefore all men are stron gly attached to her. This is particularly true in the rural areas, where people have kept th e same lifestyle for a millennium or so. They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk, and weed gardens to grow flowers. They go to church at weekends, and the y meet in the square on holidays, playing the violin, singing and dancing. The age-old land remains the same as their family hearth. Each place boasts its folklore and thereby social c ustoms go down.2003C-E:得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。

一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。

2012年英语专业八级真题及参考答案TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT- TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture. Observation BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A. Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewees suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japans economic growth in the second quarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japans slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, Id been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green Blue Book" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.Ive installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine andbathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. Ive set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. Ive even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, Ive been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water Ive saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- Im using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. Im hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If Im serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because theyre made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friends swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, Id been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. Its one Im trying, and thats had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the authors feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffes observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions arent there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions areincreasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond –for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacinos studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffes statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off ones recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffes novel.B. present the authors counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the authors argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasnt. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after Georges, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemakers window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see you walkin around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin in the day now?""Nothing much just now. Im waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasnt working, George said, "Im reading a lot to pick up my education.""What are you readin?"George hesitated, then said, "I got a list of books in the library once and now Im gonna read them this summer." He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him."How many books are there on it?""I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred."Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth."I figure if l did that," George went on earnestly, "it would help me in my education. 1 dont mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean."The change maker nodded. "Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for onesummer.""It might take longer.""After youre finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr. Cattanzara."When Im finished," George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had theurge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at Georges reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then became serious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and hes beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitols National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you dont have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we cant afford to lose.Compare this years celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincolns likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincolns presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what lm talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to "reassess" the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable with ambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: "But hes so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincolns greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. Weve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.Whats often missing,, though, i, s the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hin, t of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the mos, , t visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country weve inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this years celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.B. no memorial coins will be issued.C. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this years?A. Respect for great people and their influence.B. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.D. Temporal proximity to Lincolns presidency.28. In the authors opinion, the counter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. conforms to traditional images.B. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.C. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. Lincolns greatness remains despite the passage of time.B. The memorial is symbolic of the great mans achievements.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. "The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.38. In English ifa word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This isa (n)。

2012年英语专业八级真题及参考答案TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT- TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, Id been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green Blue Book" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.Ive installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. Ive set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. Ive even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, Ive been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water Ive saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- Im using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. Im hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If Im serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket,leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because theyre made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friends swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, Id been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. Its one Im trying, and thats had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the authors feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffes observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunionsarent there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond –for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile tothem. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacinos studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffes statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off ones recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffes novel.B. present the authors counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the authors argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasnt. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after Georges, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemakers window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see you walkin around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin in the day now?""Nothing much just now. Im waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasnt working, George said, "Im reading a lot to pick up my education.""What are you readin?"George hesitated, then said, "I got a list of books in the library once and now Im gonna read them this summer." He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him."How many books are there on it?""I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred."Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth."I figure if l did that," George went on earnestly, "it would help me in my education. 1 dont mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean."The change maker nodded. "Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for onesummer.""It might take longer.""After youre finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr. Cattanzara."When Im finished," George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at Georges reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then became serious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and hes beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitols National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you dont have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we cant afford to lose.Compare this years celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincolns likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincolns presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what lm talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to "reassess" the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable with ambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: "But hes so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the pasthalf century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincolns greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. Weve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.Whats often missing,, though, i, s the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hin, t of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the mos, , t visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country weve inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this years celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.B. no memorial coins will be issued.C. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this years?A. Respect for great people and their influence.B. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.D. Temporal proximity to Lincolns presidency.28. In the authors opinion, the counter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. conforms to traditional images.B. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.C. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. Lincolns greatness remains despite the passage of time.B. The memorial is symbolic of the great mans achievements.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. "The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.38. In English ifa word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This isa (n)A. assimilation rule.B. sequential rule.C.deletion rule.D. grammar rule.39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?A.APEC.B.Motel.C.Xerox.D.Disco.40. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of" situation is calledA. register.B. dialect.C. slang.D. variety参考答案阅读部分TEXT A11. C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.12. C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.13. A. how I could contribute to water conversation.14. D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. A. exaggeration.16.D. Humorous.TEXT B17. C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.18. A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off ones recent success.19. D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions. TEXT C22. B. showed a wide interest.23. A. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at Georges reading plan.24. A. remained the same as usual.25. B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.TEXT D26. D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. B. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.28. D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. A. Lincolns greatness remains despite the passage of time.人文知识The indigenous people of New Zealand are the Maori.31. D. N ew Zealand32. B. state33. A. July 4th34. C. the Arctic Ocean35. D. T.S.Eliot36. A. William Faulkner37. C. personification38. B. sequential rule39. D. Disco40. A. register。

2012年英语专业八级真题及参考答案TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT- TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.Observation BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A. Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewees suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japans economic growth in the second quarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japans slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART II READINGCOMPREHENSION (30 MIN) In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, Id been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008,but it was through the "Green Blue Book" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.Ive installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. Ive set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. Ive even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing acomposting toilet.Suffice to say, Ive been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water Ive saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtualwater 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- Im using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I wasusing to get dressed. Im hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If Im serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amountof leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because theyre made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friends swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, Id been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint.Its one Im trying, and thats had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofitpurposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the authors feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advancedwater-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwatershortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B.analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all ourminds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffes observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions arent there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmateshow well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose notto attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives fromfaraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on aregular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunionsare increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century,most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing theirclass uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason,universities that somehow establish a common bond –for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternitymembers, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If thisgeneration has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacinos studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffes statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off ones recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions havebecome a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical functionof the first paragraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffes novel.B. present the authors counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the authors argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in theUnited States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasnt. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on anIRT station, lived on the next block after Georges, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemakers window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different typethan those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see you walkin around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin in the day now?""Nothing much just now. Im waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasnt working, George said, "Im reading a lot to pick up my education.""What are you readin?"George hesitated, then said, "I got a list of books in the library once and now Im gonna read them this summer." He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him."How many books are there on it?""I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred."Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth."I figure if l did that," George went on earnestly, "it would help me in my education.1 dont mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean."The change maker nodded. "Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for onesummer.""It might take longer.""After youre finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr. Cattanzara."When Im finished," George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker onthe next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet hehad never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at Georges reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then becameserious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with hisfather.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and hes beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the CapitolsNational Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you dont have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believethat this is something we cant afford to lose.Compare this years celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincolns likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 ledto the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincolns presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what lm talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of ConfederateVeterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to "reassess" the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjureup. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable with ambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: "But hes so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it waslife-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincolns greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain thelong string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. Weve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.Whats often missing,, though, i, s the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all。

TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.ObservationPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A.Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: human s’or animals’behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions ---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings' novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewee's suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan's economic growth in the second quarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan's slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I'd been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green Blue Book" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I've installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I've set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. I've even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I've been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I've saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I'm using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I'm hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I'm serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they're made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friend's swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I'd been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes' outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It's one I'm trying, and that's had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the author's feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph'?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffe's observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren't there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century,most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond – for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacino's studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffe's statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees' intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one's recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffe's novel.B. present the author's counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the author's argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn't. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George's, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemaker's window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see you walkin' around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin' in the day now?""Nothing much just now. I'm waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn't working, George said, "I'm reading a lot to pick up my education.""What are you readin'?"George hesitated, then said, "I got a list of books in the library once and now I'm gonna read them this summer." He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him."How many books are there on it?""I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred."Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth."I figure if l did that," George went on earnestly, "it would help me in my education. 1 don't mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean."The change maker nodded. "Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for onesummer.""It might take longer.""After you're finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr. Cattanzara."When I'm finished," George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not somuch he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George's reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then became serious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he's beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol's National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you don't have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we can't afford to lose.Compare this year's celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln's likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln's presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what l'm talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to "reassess" the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable with ambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: "But he's so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincoln's greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We've had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What's often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we've inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this year's celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.B. no memorial coins will be issued.C. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this year's?A. Respect for great people and their influence.B. V ariety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.D. Temporal proximity to Lincoln's presidency.28. In the author's opinion, the counter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. conforms to traditional images.B. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.C. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. Lincoln's greatness remains despite the passage of time.B. The memorial is symbolic of the great man's achievements.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.。

2012年专八翻译参考答案Translate the underlined part:泊珍到偏远的育幼院把生在那里养到一岁的孩子接回来。

但泊珍看他第一眼，仿似一声雷劈头而来。

令她晕头涨脑，这一岁的孩子脸型长得如此熟悉，她心里的第一道声音是，不能带回去！痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。

院长说这孩子发育迟缓时，她更是心头无绪。

她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步，这房间里还有其他小孩。

整个房间只有一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑。

就让孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女，这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。

这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。

她将秘密留在心头。

Bozhen decided to take her son, who was born in a distant nursery and was now one year old, back to her home. But when she went there, the first look at the child came like a thunderbolt. The child had a face so familiar that her head began swimming. A voice was crying in her: the child mustn’t be brought home.A sharp pain struck her heart, her forehead burned with heat, her heart sank with misery, and a wave of rage surged from her stomach and brought a lump to her throat. When the chief of the nursery told her the child was slow in growing, she found herself in more of turmoil. She paced up and down in the little room where the child, together with other children, was kept. Outside the window of the small room danced the shady leaves of the trees. Let the child stay here then. Here, there are the kind-hearted godfather and nuns. And the nursery is going to be expanded into a medical care center. Yes, this is the best place for the child to be raised up. The child is her secret, and she will bury her secret forever in this building tucking in the dense woods.And she will bury her secret forever in the bottom of her heart.。