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北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题--百科知识解析1.6.1考研真题及详解17.下列关于中国古代文史知识的表述，正确的一项是（）。
（北航2010翻译硕士）A.“风雅”是《诗经》中的“国风”、“大雅”、“小雅”与“颂”的统称，儒家诗论把“风雅”列为“诗经六义”的两类。
B.《楚辞》是屈原的诗集。
屈原在楚地民歌的基础上，“书楚语，作楚声，记楚地，名楚物”，创造发展了“楚辞”这一新的诗歌样式，丰富了诗歌的表现形式。
C.‘‘乐府”本是西汉王朝设立的一个掌管音乐的机构，后来成为诗体名称。
宋元以后，有时将词、曲也称为乐府，如马致远的《东篱乐府》就是散曲集。
D.《史记》、《汉书》、《后汉书》与《三国志》被称作“前四史"，它们与（资治通鉴》一样，都是被称为“正史”的二十四史的组成部分。
【解析】A项，风雅指《诗经》中的《国风》、《大雅》和《小雅》，但不包括《颂》，风雅亦用以指代《诗经》；“诗经六义”即是指“风、雅、颂”三种诗歌形式与“賦、比、兴”三种表现手法。
B项，《楚辞》为西汉刘向编著，是骚体类文章的总集，收录有屈原、宋玉、王褒、贾谊、严忌等人的辞賦及刘向自己的作品《九叹>,共计十六篇。
全书以屈原作品为主，其余各篇也都承袭屈賦的形式。
D项，《史记》、《汉书》、《后汉书>与《三国志》被称作“前四史”，是被称为“正史”的二十四史的组成部分。
但《资治通鉴》不属于二十四史。
18.“弃我去者昨日之日不可留，乱我心者今日之日多烦忧”、“三十功名尘与土，八千里路云和月"、“路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索"，这些诗句都是中国古典诗词名句，它们依次运用的文学形式应是（）。
（北航2010翻译硕土>A.楚辞、汉賦、唐诗B.楚辞、唐诗、宋词C.唐诗、宋词、楚辞D.唐诗、宋词、元曲【解析】“弃我去者昨日之日不可留，乱我心者今日之日多烦忧”出自唐代诗人李白的《宣州谢眺楼钱别校书叔云》，属唐诗；“三十功名尘与土，八千里路云和月”出自宋代岳飞的《满江红》，属宋词；“路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索”出自屈原《离骚》，文学形式为楚辞。
2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：98.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.I hope you don think Im______but Ive had the electric fire on for most of the day.（分数：2.00）A.exquisiteB.extravagant √C.exoticD.eccentric解析：解析：句意：我几乎一整天都开着电热炉，希望你不会觉得我很浪费。
本题考查形容词辨析。
extravagant奢侈的，浪费的。
由句意可知，B项正确。
exquisite精致的，优美的，高雅的。
exotic异国的，外来的。
eccentric古怪的，反常的。
2.Beenes new novel proves he isn just a______in the pan.（分数：2.00）A.flareB.glitterC.sparkD.flash √解析：解析：句意：比尼的新小说证明他并不是昙花一现。
本题考查固定俗语。
a flash in the pan昙花一现(开始的时候表现很出色，但很快就默默无闻)。
因此本题应选D项。
3.The newly-built Science Building seems______enough to last a hundred years.（分数：2.00）A.spaciousB.sophisticatedC.substantial √D.steady解析：解析：句意：那栋新建的科学楼看起来很牢固，好像可以屹立一百年不倒。
本题考查形容词辨析。
substantial 牢固的，坚实的。
因此C项正确。
spacious广阔的，宽敞的。
sophisticated复杂的；世故的。
steady稳定的，不变的。
4.There is nothing in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to______a difference.（分数：2.00）A.displayB.indicate √C.demonstrateD.appear解析：解析：句意：在物理结构、大脑或内部器官上并没有显现出任何差异。
北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题，考研真题解析第二部分思想道德修养与法律基础历年分析题2015年：（1）如何理解“法治关乎国家治理，更关乎百姓福祉”？（6分）（2）为什么“全面推进依法治国，必须坚持党的领导”（4分）2014年：(1)为什么说鹦哥岭的大学生选择的是“一种有远见的生活方式”？（6分）（2）怎样看待“理想很丰满，现实很骨感”这种说法？（4分）2013年：（1）从法律角度如何理解“我无权拒绝他们入内阅读，但你有权选择离开”？（2）图书馆想乞丐和拾荒者年费开放对我们处理人际关系有何启示？（5分）2012年：（1）基于“信义兄弟”这个事例，怎样理解诚信及其道德力量？（6分）（2）在法律关系中，为什么也要坚守诚信？（4分）2011年：（1）如何理解"给人温暖就是给自己幸福"？（6分）（2）为什么说郭明义的先进事迹是"简单中的伟大"？（4分）2010年：（1）为什么文明出行“既是道德呼唤，也是法律要求”？（2）我们应如何从自身做起，构建文明的公共生活秩序？第三部分分析题必备知识点解析必备知识点1：中国梦，是中华民族的振兴之梦，也是每一个大学生的成才之梦。
中国梦让生活在这个时代的大学生与祖国人民一起共同享有人生出彩的机会，共同享有梦想成真的机会，共同享有同祖国和时代一起成长与进步的机会。
大学生如何实现中国梦？再例如，大学生在实现自己的人生理想等问题上（如就业难）往往使得大学生理想受挫。
针对这些问题，当代大学生如何理解理想与现实的关系？如何正确对待理想实现过程中的顺境与逆境？相关知识点1：辩证地看待和处理理想与现实的矛盾。
1.理想和现实存在着对立的一面，理想受现实的规定和制约，不能脱离现实而幻想未来。
理想与现实的矛盾与冲突，属于“应然”和“实然”的矛盾。
假如理想与现实完全等同，那么理想的存在就没有意义。
2．理想与现实又是统一的，理想之树深深扎根于现实的沃土之中，理想是在对现实认识的基础上发展起来的。
16年考研详解与指导王之涣：盛唐时期的诗人。
以善于描写边塞风光著称。
代表作有《登鹳雀楼》、《凉州词》等。
“白日依山尽，黄河入海流。
欲穷千里目，更上一层楼”更是千古绝唱。
《凉州词》为“绝句之最”：“黄河远上白云间，一片孤城万仞山。
羌笛何须怨杨柳，春风不度玉门关。
”。
42、温庭筠：唐代诗人、词人。
工诗，与李商隐齐名，时称“温李”。
其诗辞藻华丽，秾艳精致，内容多写闺情。
其词艺术成就在晩唐诸词人之上，为“花间派”首要词人，对词的发展影响较大。
在词史上，与韦庄齐名，并称“温韦”。
43、李白：号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。
代表作有《蜀道难》、《将进酒》等诗篇，有《李太白集》传世。
唐代伟大的浪漫主义诗人，和杜甫并称“大李杜“（李商隐与杜牧并称为“小李杜”）。
“黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回”（《将进酒》)。
44、杜甫：唐朝现实主义诗人，其著作以社会写实著称。
后世称其杜拾遗、杜工部。
世界文化名人，杜甫被后人尊称为“诗圣”，与“诗仙”李白并称“李杜”〔也称之为“大李杜”；而“小李杜”指唐代诗人李商隐和杜牧”〕。
全方位反映了唐由盛至衰的过程，又被人称为“诗史”。
45、刘长卿：唐代著名诗人，擅五律，工五言。
刘长卿诗以五七言近体为主，尤工五言，自诩为“五言长城”。
如历来为人们传诵的《逢雪宿芙蓉山主人》。
46、高适：我国唐代著名的边塞诗人，高适与岑参并称“高岑”，后人又把高适、岑参、王昌龄、王之涣和称“边塞四诗人”。
高适是盛唐时期“边塞诗派”的领军人物叫“雄浑悲壮”是他的边塞诗的突出特点。
边塞诗，成就最高。
代表作如《燕歌行》、《蓟门行五首》、《塞上》、《塞下曲》。
47、岑参：唐代著名的边塞诗人，其诗歌富有浪漫主义的特色，气势雄伟，想象丰富，色彩瑰丽，热情奔放，尤其擅长七言歌行。
代表作有《白雪歌送武判官归京》、《走马川行》、《轮台歌》。
48、刘禹锡：唐朝文学家，哲学家，唐代中晩期著名诗人，有“诗豪”之称。
2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题汉语写作与百科知识一.名词解释（20个，40分）1唐装2打虎拍蝇3马航客机失联4十一税5西进运动6岐黄之术7启蒙运动8文艺复兴9甲午战争10信用卡112014西非埃博拉病毒疫情12堰塞湖13wifi14涂鸦资料来源：育明考研考博官网15奥斯维辛集中营16银河系17三权分立18单独两孩19苏格兰公投20北回归线二.文言文段落翻译加中心思想赏析（不少于300字）屈原列传截取2段，岳阳楼记“先天下之忧而忧后天下之乐而乐”这一段又是史记文言文作文：三.议论文：船长精神（一则材料60年代的某船长在意外时冷静指挥疏散船上人员结果自己牺牲另一则材料即14年韩国轮船失事船长逃跑被判刑，以“船长精神”自主命题，写议论文）翻译硕士英语：作文题目：on self-confidence英语翻译基础：资料来源：育明考研考博官网一.词条翻译：第一题第二题英翻中&中翻英共30个词条二.段落翻译：英译汉1mayor植树绿化城市环保措施2贫穷国家发展受阻发达国家发展快速3不同环境下人的生理适应状况汉译英1科技类2失去后才懂得珍惜（失去朋友才知道珍惜生病后才知道珍惜身体等）3习近平主席“一带一路”【One Belt and One Road】21世纪海上丝绸之路【21st Century Maritime Silk Road】丝绸之路经济带【the Silk Road Economic Belt】汉译英常用方法和技巧与词有关的翻译方法包括：✓直译和意译✓词义的选择资料来源：育明考研考博官网✓词的增补与省略✓词类转义法✓重复法✓正说反译法和反说正译法✓分句法和合句法第一节直译和意译首先应当指出，直译不是死译，而是指基本保留原有句子结构，照字面意思翻译。
意译也不是胡译、乱译，而是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下，为了表达的需要，对原文作相应的调整。
例1原文：我们的朋友遍天下。
直译：Our friends are all over the world.意译：We have friends all over the world.直译以严格意义上的忠实为宗旨，意译则更多考虑英语的特点，更强调译文的效果，不求形式对应，只求语言在深层次中的对应。
2015年北航翻译硕士考研真题及答案历年真题是最权威的，最直接了解各专业考研的复习资料，考生要重视和挖掘其潜在价值，尤其是现在正是冲刺复习阶段，模拟题和真题大家都要多练多总结，下面分享北航2015年翻译硕士考研真题及答案，方便考生使用。
北航2015年翻译硕士考研真题及答案第一部分：将下列术语翻译成中文。
1.back-translationpensationpetence4.cultural substitution5.CAT6.Descriptive Translation Studies7.Documentary Translation8.E.L.T9.Logos10.patronage11.resistancy12.sight translation13.target language14.terminology15.undertranslation第二部分：将下列术语翻译成英文。
(本題共15分，每一题1分)。
1.翻译方向2.翻译体3.语内翻译4.多语语料库5,选译6.配字幕7.注音8.翻译单位9.可译性10.耳语传译11.借用12.信息型文本13.译前编辑14.逐词翻译15.动态对等第三部分：英译汉(本题共60分，第1段20分5第2段25分3第3段15分)。
1、Since1989Mayor Richard Daley has presided over the planting of more than300,000 trees,which he says not only please the eye but“reduce noise5air pollution and summer heat”Twenty-one underatilized acres around the city have been turned into72community gardens and parks.The renovation of Soldier Field on the lakefront will include17acres of new parkland.The largest park project,the Calumet Open Space Reserve on the far Southeast Side,is4,000acres of prairies，wetlands and forests.The city contracts with an organization called the Christian Industrial League,which hires many down-and-out persons’to wash stress and water plants.And the organization is building a greenhouse that will sell flowers in winter.2、Bhagwati says“Unions In poor countries face a lose-lose situation’Higher standards are apt to raise the poorer nations9costs of production,crippling those nations’competitiveness.If the standards are not implemented，those nations’exports are punished with sanctions.So for the unions in rich countries,the moralization of trade is win-win.Time was,protectionists were mostly on the right,protecting corporations in the name of nationalism.Now most are on the left5where the vocabulary of victimization prevails.The left’s agenda-—expanding government at the expense of markets in the allocation of wealth and opportunity—makes economic autarky a temptation.The same mind-set also opposes challenges to government monopolies such as public education and Social Security.3、Man-adapted physically as well as culturally to the new surroundings Into which he moved.Those who stayed in or moved to equatorial climates developed dark skin to protect them from the rays of the sun.Those who moved to colder climates developed light skin to take advantage of the sunlight for the synthesis of vitamin D.People in cold dry climates became stocky,to conserve heat.People in hot dry climates tended to become tall and thin，to dissipate heat.第四部分：汉译英(本题共60分，每段20分)。
跨考独家整理最全翻硕考研知识资料库，您可以在这里查阅历年翻译硕士考研真题和知识点等内容，加入我们的翻硕考研交流群还可以获得翻硕学长免费答疑服务，帮你度过最艰难的考研年。
以下内容为跨考网整理，如您还需更多考研资料，可选择翻硕考研一对一咨询进行解答。
2015年考研工作随着元旦的到来也完全结束，跨考网小编第一时间整理发布金融硕士考研真题及参考答案，以便广大考生参考。
以下便是小编整理网友回忆的2015年考研北航翻译硕士真题。
翻译基础英语：单选和近几年真题类型差不多，前半部分考察单词词汇，这个不是我的强项，可能很多同学看到这些陌生单词有点崩溃，但后半部分语法及其他考点不是很难，单选30分我能得20分就好了。
阅读前三篇是选择，不是很难，和近几年真题难度差不多，也可以说比较容易，类型不算怪吧。
第一篇是类似ice age，第二篇是animal behavior，第三篇是African American culture。
最后一篇关于法律，略难，希望答案老师能给分。
阅读能得三十几分就好了。
作文题目是On self-confidence翻译第一二题还是翻译术语(英译汉汉译英)背过就好了，具体记不清了然后段落翻译，觉得不是特别难。
汉译英有，国际环境组织转变环境保护策略，等我们失去后才会珍惜，一带一路这三个。
英译汉有，理查得市长植树城市绿化建设，贫穷国家联合发展受阻，还有一篇没想起来。
百科名词解释：唐装，打虎拍蝇，马航失联，十一税，西进运动，岐黄之术，启蒙运动，文艺复兴，信用卡，西非艾博拉病毒疫情，，，古文观止：屈原列传，岳阳楼记作文是船长精神，突然想起来作文题目最后忘记写了，因为是自己拟订题目，忘记写不知道老师能给多少'分。
以上内容为跨考网整理的翻译硕士考研知识点，如果同学还想获得更多翻硕考研资料，可以关注跨考翻硕微信公众平台索取翻硕考研资料。
加入我们的翻硕考研交流群还可获得超强院校专业信息、每日打卡监督学习、研究生学长答疑，不定期奖励活动等。
翻译硕士高校排名第一批:1.北大招生30名，其中推免202.北外英语笔译60名(学制两年)(好像除了翻译基础和汉语百科，会考俄日法德其中一门二外)3.南开英语口笔译非在职和在职生各招收30名4.复旦英语笔译30名5.同济英语笔译德语笔译未列招生人数6.上海交大英语笔译未列招生人数7.上外英语笔译35人(下设法律翻译，公/商务笔译，专业编译三个方向)英语口译15人(下设会议口译方向，公/商务口译方向和陪同口译方向)法语口译5人8.南大英语笔译35人9.厦大英语口笔译各15人10.中南大学英语口笔译未列招生人数11.湖南师范英语口笔译未列招生人数12.中山英语笔译20人英语口译10人13.西南大学英语笔译未列招生人数14.广外英语笔译60人英语口译40人日语笔译20人日语口译10人法语口译10人其中英语翻译硕士复试参考书目991|翻译实务(笔译):1、《实用翻译教程(修订版)》，刘季春主编，中山大学出版社，2007年。
2、《英汉翻译基础教程》，冯庆华、穆雷主编，高等教育出版社，2008年。
3、《英语口译教程》，仲伟合主编，高等教育出版社，2007年。
4、《商务英语口译》(第二版)，赵军峰主编，高等教育出版社，2009年。
5、有关英语八级考试的书籍，以及英美政治、经济、文化等方面百科知识的书籍992|面试(含口译):1、《实用翻译教程(修订版)》，刘季春主编，中山大学出版社，2007年。
2、《英汉翻译基础教程》，冯庆华、穆雷主编，高等教育出版社，2008年。
3、《英语口译教程》，仲伟合主编，高等教育出版社，2007年。
4、《商务英语口译》(第二版)，赵军峰主编，高等教育出版社，2009年。
5、有关英语八级考试的书籍，以及英美政治、经济、文化等方面百科知识的书籍15.解放军外国语学院第二批1. 北京第二外国语学院英语笔译50人日语口译20人2. 首都师范大学英语笔译16人3. 福建师范大学英语口译20人英语笔译30人4. 北京航空航天大学英语笔译40人5. 河南大学英语笔译未列招生人数6. 黑龙江大学英语口笔译20人俄语笔译28人俄语口译23人7. 南京师范大学英语口译10人英语笔译20人8. 苏州大学英语口笔译未列招生人数9. 华东师范大学英语翻译硕士30人(不知是否区分了口笔译)10.中国海洋大学英语笔译35人11.湖南大学英语口笔译共35人12.北京语言大学英语笔译10人法语口译10人13.对外经贸大学英语口笔译招生人数待定14.山东大学英语笔译20人英语口译10人(另，威海分校，英语笔译10人)15.东北师范大学英语口笔译未列招生人数16.武汉大学英语口笔译未列招生人数17.北京师范大学英语笔译考试参考书单(最新更新书单)：(1)庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》。
2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(总分：46.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.唐装（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：唐装：由清代满族的马褂演变而来，是以马褂为雏形，加入立领和西式立体裁剪所设计的服饰。
唐装主要使用织锦缎面料，其款式结构有四大特点：一是立领，上衣前中心开口，立式领型；二是连袖，即袖子和衣服没有接缝，以平面裁剪为主；三是对襟，也可以是斜襟；四是直角扣，即盘扣，扣子由纽结和纽袢两部分组成。
印花面料、小立领、中间扣的样式是唐装的典型样式。
)解析：2.十一税（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：十一税：又名“十一捐”，是古代以色列民族一种古老的捐献方法，常用于指犹太教和基督教的宗教奉献，欧洲封建社会时代被用来指教会向成年教徒征收的宗教税。
其名称源于《圣经.旧约.创世记》，希伯来文原意是“十分之一”，即规定每年将地上长的、树上结的和牛羊牲畜等交付十分之一给上帝。
)解析：3.启蒙运动（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：启蒙运动：17至18世纪欧洲资产阶级和人民大众反封建的思想文化运动，是文艺复兴之后欧洲的第二次思想解放运动。
启蒙运动主张破除迷信和神秘主义，弘扬科学和理性的巨大力量，把人们从恐惧、愚昧和各种各样的思想禁锢与精神枷锁中解放出来，这个时期又被称为“理性时代”。
翻译硕士考研指导2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士—备考经验已经四月了，论文初稿也写完了，终于开始写这篇经验贴，总是有人问我经验，想了很久了，还是写出来回馈大家吧。
三月21号考完专八，马不停蹄就跑到北京复试。
25号出了拟录取名单，终于被录，心里的激动真是无法形容，这么久的努力有了结果，感恩。
好了言归正传吧，首先给大家说一下我自己的情况。
我是本科师范类学校英语专业，也是一本，不过学校只能算是二流，但这根本不影响，只要自己的水平可以就行。
专四考了77，其他证（catti）也没考过，但基础还算可以。
高中学的是文科，这个我觉得蛮有帮助的，下面我会说。
初试390+，排名第三，复试后总分第八，也算满意了。
先从初试的准备开始吧。
选学校应该在准备考研之初大家都是很头疼的，所以我听了之前商务翻译老师的经验，先买了几个学校的题试了试，从南大，厦大，最后决定北航。
综合看北航的题不是特别难的，而且今年又扩招了，本来14年9月看招生大纲上招32人但复试之前说招46个了，招的还是挺多的。
所以学校一定要选择自己喜欢又适合的，才能激励考研的斗志啊~1.政治（100分）政治的准备我觉得今年真是很坑，背的题都没考到点上，硬是生往卷子上靠的编了很多。
不过过线了就行，不要太纠结。
我是七月底暑假的时候回学校上了一个星期政治班，就是串讲，感觉没什么用，因为当时大纲也没有出，老师只是按着往年的大纲预测一下，串一下知识点，没记住什么，也可能是我学的不认真。
总之就是政治班报不报无所谓，也就是图个自己安心。
之后九月开始就正式转战自习室了，每天都会看看政治，不过不要花太多时间。
然后就是十月十一月开始背一背风中劲草之类的，做一做押题还有真题，找一找感觉。
政治我就不多说了，毕竟我也考得不高，63分刚过线。
大家可以看看其他大神的经验总结。
2.翻译硕士英语（100分）除了政治，北航mti的三门专业课都是自主命题的。
翻译硕士英语这门不算难，卷子包括三部分，单选，阅读，作文。
16年翻译硕士考研详解与指导31、曹丕：三国时期著名的政治家、文学家，曹魏的开国皇帝。
诗、赋、文学皆有成就，尤擅长于五言诗，与其父曹操和弟曹植，并称三曹，今存《魏文帝集》二卷。
另外，曹丕著有《典论》，当中的《论文》是中国文学史上第一部有系统的文学批评专论作品。
建安文学代表者之一。
是三国时代第一位皇帝，结束了汶朝四百多年统治。
曹丕的《典论论文》是中国最早的文学理论与批评著作。
曹丕是邺下文人集团的实际领袖，对建安文学的精神架构起到关键作用，由此形成的“建安风骨”对后世文学产生了深远影响。
①曹丕命令刘劭、王象、缪袭等人编纂中国第_部类书《皇览》，开官方组织编纂类书的先河。
②《典论论文》开创了文学批评的风气，为中国文学批评之祖。
③其《燕歌行》则是中国文学史上第一首完整的七言诗，此对后世七言诗的创作有很大影响。
32、陶渊明：东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。
汶族。
田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山[1】”（《饮酒》）至今脍炙人口。
五柳先生陶渊明被称为“隐逸诗人之宗”。
这种崇尚自然、悠然洒脱的天然稟赋，使他不堪“为五斗米向乡里小人折腰”，而最终挂官归田。
33、刘义庆：南朝宋文学家。
《世说新语》是一部笔记小说集，此书不仅记载了自汶魏至东晋士族阶层言谈、轶事，反映了当时士大夫们的思想、生活和清谈放诞的风气，而且其语言简练，文字生动鲜活。
《世说新语》是魏晋南北朝时期“志人小说”的代表作。
34、《搜神记》：是一部记录古代民间传说中神奇怪异故事的小说集，作者是东晋的史学家干宝。
其中的大部分故事在一定程度上反映了古代人民的思想感情。
它是集我国古代神话传说之大成的著作，搜集了古代的神异故事共四百多篇，开创了我国古代神话小说的先河。
志怪小说的最高成就，应该体现在《搜神记》上。
35、《文心雕龙》：是中国南朝文学理论家刘勰创作的_部文学理论著作，它是中国文学理论批评史上第一部有严密体系的文学理论专著。
2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题汉语写作与百科知识一.名词解释（20个，40分）1唐装2打虎拍蝇3马航客机失联4十一税5西进运动6岐黄之术7启蒙运动8文艺复兴9甲午战争10信用卡112014西非埃博拉病毒疫情12堰塞湖13wifi14涂鸦15奥斯维辛集中营16银河系17三权分立18单独两孩19苏格兰公投20北回归线二.文言文段落翻译加中心思想赏析（不少于300字）屈原列传截取2段，岳阳楼记“先天下之忧而忧后天下之乐而乐”这一段又是史记文言文作文：三.议论文：船长精神（一则材料60年代的某船长在意外时冷静指挥疏散船上人员结果自己牺牲另一则材料即14年韩国轮船失事船长逃跑被判刑，以“船长精神”自主命题，写议论文）翻译硕士英语：作文题目：on self-confidence英语翻译基础：一.词条翻译：第一题第二题英翻中&中翻英共30个词条二.段落翻译：英译汉1mayor植树绿化城市环保措施2贫穷国家发展受阻发达国家发展快速3不同环境下人的生理适应状况汉译英1科技类2失去后才懂得珍惜（失去朋友才知道珍惜生病后才知道珍惜身体等）3习近平主席“一带一路”【One Belt and One Road】21世纪海上丝绸之路【21st Century Maritime Silk Road】丝绸之路经济带【the Silk Road Economic Belt】常用经济名词解释231、城市化：是由农业为主的传统乡村社会向以工业和服务业为主的现代城市社会逐渐转变的历史过程。
具体包括人口职业的转变、产业结构的转变、土地及地域空间的变化。
32、节能减排：指的是减少能源浪费和降低废气排放。
我国“十一五”规划纲要提出，“十一五”期间单位国内生产总值能耗降低20％左右、主要污染物排放总量减少10％。
这是贯彻落实科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会的重大举措；是建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的必然选择；是推进经济结构调整，转变增长方式的必由之路；是维护中华民族长远利益的必然要求。
2015年北京航空航天大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题及答案解析(1/30)Vocabulary第1题I hope you don´t think I´m______but I´ve had the electric fire on for most of the day.A.exquisiteB.extravagantC.exoticD.eccentric下一题(2/30)Vocabulary第2题Beene´s new novel proves he isn´t just a______in the pan.A.flareB.glitterC.sparkD.flash上一题下一题(3/30)Vocabulary第3题The newly-built Science Building seems______enough to last a hundred years.A.spaciousB.sophisticatedC.substantialD.steady上一题下一题(4/30)Vocabulary第4题There is nothing in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to______a difference.A.displayB.indicateC.demonstrateD.appear上一题下一题(5/30)Vocabulary第5题This kind of material can______heat and moisture.A.deletepelC.constrainD.repel上一题下一题(6/30)Vocabulary第6题The river is already______its banks because of excessive rainfall, and the city is threatened with aA.parallel toB.level inC.flat onD.flush with上一题下一题(7/30)Vocabulary第7题The political future of the president is now hanging by a______.A.threadB.cordC.stringD.rope上一题下一题(8/30)Vocabulary第8题Half the profits are______in a corporate account that can be drawn on only with stockholder consent.A.investedB.depositedC.storedD.saved上一题下一题(9/30)Vocabulary第9题Mr. Robinson knew that the most trivial chore could prove to be a ______if approached with enthusiasm.A.prizeB.rewardC.refundD.bonus上一题下一题(10/30)Vocabulary第10题The speaker______us with tales of exotic lands and buried treasure.A.detouredB.offsetC.tantalizedhered上一题下一题(11/30)Vocabulary第11题Government loan have been the______of several shaky business companies.A.tornadoC.delinquencyD.momentum上一题下一题(12/30)Vocabulary第12题After a period of probation a______becomes a nun.A.sopranoB.hippieC.noviceD.monsieur上一题下一题(13/30)Vocabulary第13题While she had the fever, she______for hours.A.ravedB.sniggeredC.titteredD.perforated上一题下一题(14/30)Vocabulary第14题On August 18th the president announced a general______for political exiles.A.adoB.yogaC.quartetD.amnesty上一题下一题(15/30)Vocabulary第15题The scents of the flowers was______to us by the breeze.A.interceptedB.detestedC.saturatedD.wafted上一题下一题(16/30)Vocabulary第16题The plumb line is always perpendicular______the horizontal plane.A.withB.fromC.atD.to上一题下一题(17/30)Vocabulary第17题If it doesn´t rain within the next few weeks, the crops will have to be watered if they are______.A.to surviveB.to be survivedC.being survivedD.surviving上一题下一题(18/30)Vocabulary第18题She refused to______the car key to her husband until he had promised to wear his safety belt.A.hand inB.hand outC.hand downD.hand over上一题下一题(19/30)Vocabulary第19题______seen by anyone, the thief escaped.A.Being notB.Not beingC.To beD.Be not上一题下一题(20/30)Vocabulary第20题She keeps herself to herself. ______, she would be better married.A.To consider all thingsB.Considering all thingsC.All things consideredD.All things considering上一题下一题(21/30)Vocabulary第21题The fossilized remains of a type of camel______a dog have been found in the Badlands of South Dakota.A.no more larger thanB.not larger thanC.no larger thanD.which no larger than上一题下一题(22/30)Vocabulary第22题We are making good progress, but we must not______until we have achieved our objective.B.give upC.put upD.draw up上一题下一题(23/30)Vocabulary第23题Alexander Graham Bell invented______telephone in 1876.A./B.aC.oneD.the上一题下一题(24/30)Vocabulary第24题Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States, ______ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.A.and accelerated a phenomenonB.a phenomenon that acceleratedC.accelerating a phenomenon whichD.the acceleration of which phenomenon上一题下一题(25/30)Vocabulary第25题______by the United States government´s Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Consumer Price Index compares current costs of goods and services with past costs.A.To prepareB.As it preparedC.When preparationD.Prepared上一题下一题(26/30)Vocabulary第26题As the train will not leave until one hour later, we______grab a bite at the snack bar.A.may wellB.just as wellC.might as wellD.as well上一题下一题(27/30)Vocabulary第27题Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ______the atmosphere.A.as it isC.the same asD.and so is上一题下一题(28/30)Vocabulary第28题Our civilization cannot be thought of as______in a short period of time.A.to have been createdB.to be createdC.having been createdD.being created上一题下一题(29/30)Vocabulary第29题Their coach must______the team´s poor performance.A.answer forB.answer toC.answer backD.answer about上一题下一题(30/30)Vocabulary第30题Jean Wagner´s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it______in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.A.is to be analyzedB.has been analyzedC.be analyzedD.should have been analyzed上一题下一题(31~35/共18题)Reading ComprehensionThe term "Ice Age" may give a wrong impression. The epoch that geologists know as the Pleistocene and that spanned the 1.5 to 2. 0 million years prior to the current geologic epoch was not one long continuous glaciation, but a period of oscillating climate with ice advances punctuated by times of interglacial climate not very different from the climate experienced now. Ice sheets that derived from an ice cap centered on northern Scandinavia reached southward to Central Europe. And beyond the margins of the ice sheets, climatic oscillations affected most of the rest of the world; for example, in the deserts, periods of wetter conditions(pluvials)contrasted with drier, interpluvial periods. Although the time involved is so short, about 0. 04 percent of the total age of the Earth, the amount of attention devoted to the Pleistocene has been incredibly large, probably because of its immediacy, and because the epoch largely coincides with the appearance on Earth of humans and their immediate ancestors.There is no reliable way of dating much of the Ice Age. Geological dates are usually obtained by using the rates of decay of various radioactive elements found in minerals. Some of these rates are suitable for very old rocks but involve increasing errors when used for young rocks;others are suitable for very young rocks and errors increase rapidly in older rocks. Most of the Ice Age spans a period of time for which no element has an appropriate decay rate.Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events. For example, an early classification of Alpine glaciation suggested the existence there of four glaciations, named the Gunz, Mindel, Piss, and Wurm. This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and events not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods, rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits. Yet this succession was forced willy-nilly onto the glaciated parts of Northern Europe, where there are partial successions of true glacial ground moraines and interglacial deposits, with hopes of ultimately piecing them together to provide a complete Pleistocene succession. Eradication of the Alpine nomenclature is still proving a Herculean task.There is no conclusive evidence about the relative length, complexity, and temperatures of the various glacial and interglacial periods. We do not know whether we live in a postglacial period or an interglacial period. The chill truth seems to be that we are already past the optimum climate of postglacial time. Studies of certain fossil distributions and of the pollen of certain temperate plants suggest decreases of a degree or two in both summer and winter temperatures and, therefore, that we may be in the declining climatic phase leading to glaciation and extinction.第31题In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with______.A.searching for an accurate method of dating the Pleistocene epochB.discussing problems involved in providing an accurate picture of the Pleistocene epochC.declaring opposition to the use of the term "Ice Age" for the Pleistocene epochD.criticizing fanciful schemes about what happened in the Pleistocene epoch第32题The "wrong impression"(line 1.)to which the author refers is the idea that the______.A.climate of the Pleistocene epoch was not very different from the climate we are now experiencingB.climate of the Pleistocene epoch was composed of periods of violent stormsC.Pleistocene epoch consisted of very wet, cold periods mixed with very dry, hot periodsD.Pleistocene epoch comprised one period of continuous glaciation during which Northern Europe was covered with ice sheets第33题Which of the following does the passage imply about the "early classification of Alpine glaciation"?A.It should not have been applied as widely as it was.B.It represents the best possible scientific practice, given the tools available at the time.C.It was a valuable tool, in its time, for measuring the length of the four periods of glaciation.D.It could be useful, but only as a general guide to the events of the Pleistocene epoch.第34题The author refers to deserts primarily in order to______.A.support the view that we are probably living in a postglacial periodB.illustrate the idea that what happened in the deserts during the Ice Age had far-reaching effects even on the ice sheets of Central and Northern EuropeC.illustrate the idea that the effects of the Ice Age´s climatic variations extended beyond the areas of iceD.support the view that during the Ice Age sheets of ice covered some of the deserts of the world第35题The author would regard the idea that we are living in an interglacial period as______.A.unimportantB.unscientificC.self-evidentD.plausible上一题下一题(36~40/共18题)Reading ComprehensionInvestigators of monkeys´social behavior have always been struck by monkeys´aggressive potential and the consequent need for social control of their aggressive behavior. Studies directed at describing aggressive behavior and the situations that elicit it, as well as the social mechanisms that control it, were therefore among the first investigations of monkeys´social behavior.Investigators initially believed that monkeys would compete for any resource in the environment; hungry monkeys would fight over food, thirsty monkeys would fight over water, and, in general, any time more than one monkey in a group sought the same incentive simultaneously, a dispute would result and would be resolved through some form of aggression. However, the motivating force of competition for incentives began to be doubted when experiments like Southwick´s on the reduction of space or the withholding of food failed to produce more than temporary increases in intra-group aggression. Indeed, food deprivation not only failed to increase aggression but in some cases actually resulted in decreased frequencies of aggression.Studies of animals in the wild under conditions of extreme food deprivation likewise revealed that starving monkeys devoted almost all available energy to foraging, with little energy remaining for aggressive interaction. Furthermore, accumulating evidence from later studies of a variety of primate groups, for example, the study conducted by Bernstein, indicates that one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the introduction of an intruder into an organized group. Such introductions result in far more serious aggression than that produced in any other types of experiments contrived to produce competition.These studies of intruders suggest that adult members of the same species introduced to one another for the first time show considerable hostility because, in the absence of a social order, one must be established to control interanimal relationships. When a single new animal is introduced into an existing social organization, the newcomer meets even more serious aggression. Whereas in the first case aggression establishes a social order, in the second case resident animals mob the intruder, thereby initially excluding the new animal from the existing social unit. The simultaneous introduction of several animals lessens the effect, if only because the group divides its attention among the multiple targets. If, however, the several animals introduced to a group constitute their own social unit, each group may fight the opposing groupas a unit; but, again, no individual is subjected to mass attack, and the very cohesion of the groups precludes prolonged individual combat. The submission of the defeated group, rather than unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group, reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attack. Monkey groups therefore see to be organized primarily to maintain their established social order rather than to engage in hostilities per se.第36题The author of the passage is primarily concerned with______.A.advancing a new methodology for changing a monkey´s social behaviorparing the methods of several research studies on aggression among monkeysC.explaining the reasons for researchers´ interest in monkeys´ social behaviorD.discussing the development of investigators´ theories about aggression among monkeys第37题Which of the following best summarizes the findings reported in the passage about the effects of food deprivation on monkeys´ behavior?A.Food deprivation has no effect on aggression among monkeys.B.Food deprivation increases aggression among monkeys because one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the competition for incentives.C.Food deprivation may increase long-term aggression among monkeys in a laboratory setting, but it produces only temporary increases among monkeys in the wild.D.Food deprivation may temporarily increase aggression among monkeys, but it also leads to a decrease in conflict.第38题The passage suggests that investigators of monkeys´social behavior have been especially interested in aggressive behavior among monkeys because______.A.aggression is the most common social behavior among monkeysB.successful competition for incentives determines the social order in a monkey groupC.situations that elicit aggressive behavior can be studied in a laboratoryD.most monkeys are potentially aggressive, yet they live in social units that could not function without control of their aggressive impulses第39题It can be inferred from the passage that the establishment and preservation of social order among a group of monkeys is essential in order to______.A.keep the monkeys from straying and joining other groupsB.prevent aggressive competition for incentives between that group and anotherC.prevent the domination of that group by anotherD.protect individuals seeking to become members of that group from mass attack第40题Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph?A.A hypothesis is explained and counter evidence is described.B.A theory is advanced and specific evidence supporting it is cited.C.Field observations are described and a conclusion about their significance is drawn.D.Two theories are explained and evidence supporting each of them is detailed.上一题下一题(41~45/共18题)Reading ComprehensionIt is an unfortunate fact that most North Americans know little about American Indian culture and history. Scholars have studied such matters, but they have not succeeded in broadcasting their conclusions widely. Thus, it is still not widely known that American Indians have epics, that they performed plays long before Europeans arrived, and that they practiced politics and carried on trade.One way to gain a fuller appreciation of this rich culture is to examine American Indian poetry, for poetry is in all cultures the most central and articulate of the arts. It is especially important that we study American Indian poetry as this poetry can create a context that gives cohesive expression to the crafts, the artifacts, and the isolated facts that many Americans have managed to notice willy-nilly. Even a survey of American Indian poetry reveals a range of poetic thought and technique that defies easy generalization. Jarold Ramsey hazards a summary, however, which serves at least to give the uninitiated reader some sense of what American Indian poetry is like. Overall, he writes, it represents " an oral, formulaic, traditional, and anonymous art form," whose approach is to emphasize the "mythic and sacred" components of reality. It "flourished through public performances... by skilled recitalists whose audiences already knew the individual stories" and valued the performers for their "ability to exploit their material dramatically and to combine them[their stories]in longer cycles" rather than for their "plot invention. " Because this poetry belongs to highly ethnocentric tribal peoples, whose cultures " we still do not know much about," it " is likely to seem all the more terse, even cryptic.American Indian poetry has another feature that Ramsey ignores: it is always functional. Whether sung, chanted, or recited; whether performed ceremonially, as entertainment, or as part of a task such as curing a patient or grinding corn; or whether recited individually or by a group, it is always fully woven into the fabric of ordinary life.For complicated reasons, American Indian poetry has basically been ignored by non-Indian cultures. Kenneth Lincoln writes that failure to hear American Indian voices results " partly... from the tragedies of tribal dislocation, partly from mistranslation, partly from misconceptions about literature, partly from cultural indifference. " Brian Swann suggests an additional explanation; tribal poetry is oral, whereas Europeans arrived in the New World with a deeply ingrained belief in the primacy of the written word. As a result, European settlers found it hard to imagine that poetry could exist without written texts and thus that the American Indians had achieved something parallel to what Europeans called literature long before Europeans arrived. As a consequence, Europeans did not fully respond to the rich vitality of American Indian poetry.第41题According to the passage, American Indian cultures have produced all of the following forms of artistic expression EXCEPT______.A.craftsB.oral epicsC.songsD.written poems第42题According to Jarold Ramsey, American Indian poetry is an art form characterized by its______.A.unusual depictions of landscapesB.adaptability to public performanceC.universal accessibilityD.highly original plots第43题According to the passage, it would be unusual for American Indian poetry to be______.A.attributed to specific authorsB.sung by a group of performersC.chanted while workingD.sung during a sacred ceremony第44题It can be inferred from the passage that Brian Swann believes which of the following about the European settlers of America?A.They probably were more literate, on the average, than the general European population they left behind.B.They probably thought it necessary to understand American Indian politics before studying American Indian literature.C.They probably did not recognize evidence of an oral poetic tradition in the American Indian cultures they encountered.D.They probably could not appreciate American Indian poetry because it was composed in long narrative cycles.第45题Which of the following best describes the organization of the last paragraph of the passage?A.An observation is made and qualifications of it are provided.B.A phenomenon is noted and explanations for it are presented.C.A hypothesis is presented and arguments against it are cited.D.A prognosis is made and evidence supporting it is discussed.上一题下一题(46~48/共18题)Reading ComprehensionThere are two major systems of criminal procedure in the modern world-the adversarial and the inquisitorial. Both systems were historically preceded by the system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately, either personally or through an agent.The modern adversarial system is only one historical step removed from the private vengeance system and still remains some of its characteristic feature. For example, even though the right to initiate legal action against a criminal has now been extended to all members of society(as represented by the office of the public prosecutor), and even though the police department has effectively assumed the pretrial investigative functions on behalf of the prosecution, the adversarial system still leaves the defendant to conduct his or her own pretrial investigation. The trial is viewed as a forensic duel between two adversaries, presided over by a judge who, at the start, has no knowledge of the investigative background of the case. In the final analysis the adversarial system of criminal procedure symbolizes and regularizes punitive combat.By contrast, the inquisitorial system begins historically where the adversarial system stopped its development. It is two historical steps removed from the system of private vengeance. From the standpoint of legal anthropology, then, it is historically superior to the adversarial system. Under the inquisitorial system, the public prosecutor has the duty to investigate not just on behalf of society but also on behalf of the defendant. Additionally, the public prosecutor has theduty to present the court not only evidence that would convict the defendant, but also evidence that could prove the defendant´s innocence. The system mandates that both parties permit full pretrial discovery of the evidence in their possession. Finally, an aspect of the system that makes the trial less like a duel between two adversarial parties is that the inquisitorial system mandates that the judge take an active part in the conduct of the trial, with a role that is both directive and protective.Fact-finding is at the heart of the inquisitorial system. This system operate on the philosophical premise that in a criminal action the crucial factor is the body of facts, not the legal rule(in contrast to the adversarial system), and the goal of the entire procedure is to attempt to recreate, in the mind of the court, the commission of the alleged crime.Because of the inquisitorial system´s thoroughness in conducting its pretrial investigation, it can be concluded that, if given the choice, a defendant who is innocent would prefer to be tried under the inquisitorial system, whereas a defendant who is guilty would prefer to be tried under the adversarial system.Questions:第46题According to the passage, what is the central distinction between the system of private vengeance and the two modern criminal procedure systems?(3 points)_____第47题What are characteristics of the inquisitorial system? Please make a brief summary.(4 points)____ 第48题What´s the author´s attitude towards the inquisitorial system?(3 points)____上一题下一题(1/1)Writing第49题Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic____On Self-Confidence上一题交卷交卷答题卡答案及解析(1/30)Vocabulary第1题I hope you don´t think I´m______but I´ve had the electric fire on for most of the day.A.exquisiteB.extravagantC.exoticD.eccentric参考答案： B 您的答案：未作答答案解析：句意：我几乎一整天都开着电热炉，希望你不会觉得我很浪费。
2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研基本信息招生专业：翻译硕士（英语笔译）年份招生人数推免人数复试分数线2015468365 20143010350 20133210355考试科目1.101思想政治理论2.211翻译硕士英语3.357英语翻译基础4.448汉语写作与百科知识考研参考书1.《Dictionaryof Translation Studies》上海外语教育出版社(2004年)MarkShuttleworth&Moira Cowie2.英汉互译实用教程》武汉大学出版社（2006年），谭载喜主译3.上海古籍出版社出版（2006年）出版的古文观止4.《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，李国正，光明日报出版社，2013年版。
5.《翻译硕士常考词汇精编》育明教育内部资料6.《全国翻译硕士考研真题解析》天津科技翻译出版社育明老师建议：1.推荐理工科考生跨专业报考北航翻硕2.北航翻硕就业形势非常好（1）一般而言，每篇阅读理解只讲一个主题，阅读时应通过段落主题句把握中心。
（2）考研文章的两类体裁：议论文，重点是作者的观点和态度。
说明文，重点是作者的态度，说明对象及其特点。
（3）阅读时看清文章是由几个自然段构成的，同时还要给文章分段，便于更好的回文章定位。
（4）阅读的重点位置时文章的首段、其余各段的段首段尾句、转折处、条件关系处、因果关系处，快速读过的信息是举例子的内容、引用的内容、类比的内容、具体数字以及冒号后面补充说明的部分。
（5）每个选项都应力争回文中定位，全部题目都能做到正确答案在原文中对应的位置，判断出出题的方式以及错误答案的特征。
（6）文章固定模式：A花开两朵，各表一枝模式：在文章开始提出两个核心概念，随后分段叙述。
关键：两个概念的定义以及他们的区别和联系。
B问题答案型模式：在第一段中出现一个问题，在随后各段提出该问题的答案。
关键：把握其中心往往就是该问题最直接最主要的答案。
C时文特点：耸人听闻，吸引眼球；貌似客观，内涵态度；抛砖引玉，一起争论阅读时文时，把握时文的中心出现在手段的末句，或者二段的首句。
2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：98.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.I hope you don"t think I"m______but I"ve had the electric fire on for most of the day. （分数：2.00）A.exquisiteB.extravagant √C.exoticD.eccentric解析：解析：句意：我几乎一整天都开着电热炉，希望你不会觉得我很浪费。
本题考查形容词辨析。
extravagant奢侈的，浪费的。
由句意可知，B项正确。
exquisite精致的，优美的，高雅的。
exotic异国的，外来的。
eccentric古怪的，反常的。
2.Beene"s new novel proves he isn"t just a______in the pan.（分数：2.00）A.flareB.glitterC.sparkD.flash √解析：解析：句意：比尼的新小说证明他并不是昙花一现。
本题考查固定俗语。
a flash in the pan昙花一现(开始的时候表现很出色，但很快就默默无闻)。
因此本题应选D项。
3.The newly-built Science Building seems______enough to last a hundred years.（分数：2.00）A.spaciousB.sophisticatedC.substantial √D.steady解析：解析：句意：那栋新建的科学楼看起来很牢固，好像可以屹立一百年不倒。
本题考查形容词辨析。
substantial牢固的，坚实的。
因此C项正确。
spacious广阔的，宽敞的。
sophisticated复杂的；世故的。
steady稳定的，不变的。
2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题汉语写作与百科知识一.名词解释（20个，40分）1唐装2打虎拍蝇3马航客机失联4十一税5西进运动6岐黄之术7启蒙运动8文艺复兴9甲午战争10信用卡112014西非埃博拉病毒疫情12堰塞湖13wifi14涂鸦15奥斯维辛集中营16银河系17三权分立18单独两孩19苏格兰公投20北回归线二.文言文段落翻译加中心思想赏析（不少于300字）屈原列传截取2段，岳阳楼记“先天下之忧而忧后天下之乐而乐”这一段又是史记文言文作文：三.议论文：船长精神（一则材料60年代的某船长在意外时冷静指挥疏散船上人员结果自己牺牲另一则材料即14年韩国轮船失事船长逃跑被判刑，以“船长精神”自主命题，写议论文）翻译硕士英语：作文题目：on self-confidence英语翻译基础：一.词条翻译：第一题第二题英翻中&中翻英共30个词条二.段落翻译：英译汉1mayor植树绿化城市环保措施2贫穷国家发展受阻发达国家发展快速3不同环境下人的生理适应状况汉译英1科技类2失去后才懂得珍惜（失去朋友才知道珍惜生病后才知道珍惜身体等）3习近平主席“一带一路”【One Belt and One Road】21世纪海上丝绸之路【21st Century Maritime Silk Road】丝绸之路经济带【the Silk Road Economic Belt】政府工作报告热词——宏观经济篇从紧货币政策tight monetary policy稳健财政政策prudent fiscal policy宏观经济调控macroeconomic regulation政府临时调控government interim intervention经济增长模式mode of economic development固定资产投资反弹a resurgence in fixed asset investment货币信贷投放仍然偏多continued excessive supplies of money and credit流动性过剩excessive liquidity转型过程transformation process行政手段administrative measures螺旋式通胀spiraling inflation通胀压力inflationary pressure抑制通胀to hold down inflation次贷危机subprime mortgage crisis经济剧烈波动drastic fluctuations in the economy经济过热economic overheating防止经济过热to prevent the economy from overheating促进结构调整和协调发展to promote structural adjustment and balanced development减轻弱势群体负担ease the burden on the disadvantaged group增加对薄弱环节、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出to increase expenditures necessary"to shore up weak links,improve people's lives and deepen reform"政府工作报告热词——就业篇严厉打击非法用工to severely punish illegal employment加强劳动争议处理to improve the handling of labor disputes加强劳动保障监察to improve oversight for worker protection measures就业促进法Employment Promotion Law劳动合同法Labor Contract Law城镇登记失业率registered urban unemployment rate鼓励创业to encourage business startups公共就业服务体系public employment service system完善再就业扶持政策to improve the aid system for job seekers“零就业”家庭zero-employment families就业机会employment opportunities非农产业nonagricultural sectors失业保险制度unemployment insurance system劳动力总量大增a large increase in the total workforce支持创办小型企业to support citizens to establish small enterprises鼓励自谋职业和自主创业to encourage people to find jobs on their own or start their own businesses加强就业和创业培训to strengthen vocational training and training in how to start a business城乡劳动者平等就业制度an employment system that treats urban and rural workers equally落实促进残疾人就业政策to carry out policies to find more jobs for people with physical and mental disabilities建立帮助零就业家庭解决就业困难长效机制to create a permanent mechanism to helpzero-employment families find jobs通过加强就业和创业培训，鼓励自谋职业和自主创业，以及支持创办小型企业来扩大就业to expand employment"by encouraging and training business start-ups,strengthening job training,encouraging people to find jobs on their own,and supporting the establishment of small enterprises政府工作报告热词——国企篇国有企业state owned enterprises(SOEs)主要产业core business税收贡献tax contributions民航civil aviation所有制结构ownership structure发展大型粮食基地to develop large grain production bases国有资产所有权转移transferring ownership of state-owned assets完善所有制结构to improve ownership structure实行政策性关闭破产to carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies建立国有资本经营预算制度to set up a budget system for managing state capital国有企业资产总额the total value of assets of state owned enterprises(SOEs)国有资产管理体制改革reform of the management system for state-owned assets国有经济布局与结构调整adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector建立和完善国有资产出资人制度to set up and improved a system for investors of state assets引入国有企业股份制to institute a stockholding system in SOEs邮政体制改革reform of the postal service system振兴老工业基地战略strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial bases国有企业改革改组改造reforming,reorganizing and upgrading SOEs深化国有企业股份制改革to deepen the reform to convert SOEs into stockholdingcorporations加强公司化管理to improve corporate governance实行政策引导关闭和破产to carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies加快资源枯竭型城市经济转型to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation扩大建立国有资产管理预算系统试点to expand the experiment of setting up a budget system for managing state capital引入竞争，加强政府管理和公共监督，深化垄断企业改革to deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition and strengthening government regulation and public supervision严格国有资产转化为股份制企业的标准程序to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies资源型城市经济转型试点to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation严格规范国有企业改制和国有产权转让，防止国有资产流失to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies and for transferring ownership of state-owned assets to prevent their erosion主辅分离，辅业改制to separate SOE's secondary businesses from their core businesses and covert the former into independent company政府工作报告热词——能源、环境篇能源消耗energy consumption清洁、可再生能源clean and renewable energy sources化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand节能减排目标targets for saving energy and reducing emissions节能减排技术energy conservation and emission reduction technologies淘汰落后生产企业to close down backward production facilities加强先进生产能力建设to develop advanced production facilities城市污水处理能力urban sewage treatment capacity重点流域的污染防治pollution control in major river valleys and regions农村饮用水rural drinking water安全饮用水safe drinking water污染物排放emissions of pollutants资源节约型、环境友好型社会a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society抓好重点企业节能和重点工程建设to focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects产品质量安全标准制定和修订the formulation or updating of national standards for the safety of food products,drugs and other consumer goods落实电力、钢铁、水泥、煤炭、造纸等行业淘汰落后生产能力计划implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity,steel,cement,coal and papermaking industries纠正招商引资中违法违规的做法to correct illegal practices for attracting foreign investmen限制和禁止高耗能、高排放和部分资源性外资项目to limit or ban foreign investment in projects that are energy intensive or highly polluting,limit or ban foreign investment in some areas of resource exploitation提高重点流域水污染物的国家排放标准。
