14+SAW-CN+[Compatibility+Mode]

Page 1 of 3Instruction ManualDigital Flow Switch – Integrated Display PFM7 seriesThe intended use of the digital flow sensor is to monitor and control flow and provide an output signal.These safety instructions are intended to prevent hazardous situations and/or equipment damage. These instructions indicate the level of potential hazard with the labels of “Caution,” “Warning” or “Danger.”They are all important notes for safety and must be followed in addition to International Standards (ISO/IEC) *1), and other safety regulations. *1)ISO 4414: Pneumatic fluid power - General rules relating to systems. ISO 4413: Hydraulic fluid power - General rules relating to systems. IEC 60204-1: Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines. (Part 1: General requirements)ISO 10218-1: Manipulating industrial robots -Safety. etc.• Refer to product catalogue, Operation Manual and Handling Precautions for SMC Products for additional information. • Keep this manual in a safe place for future reference.CautionCaution indicates a hazard with a low level of risk which, ifnot avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.WarningWarning indicates a hazard with a medium level of riskwhich, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.DangerDanger indicates a hazard with a high level of risk which, ifnot avoided, will result in death or serious injury.Warning• Always ensure compliance with relevant safety laws and standards.• All work must be carried out in a safe manner by a qualified person in compliance with applicable national regulations.• This product is class A equipment intended for use in an industrial environment. There may be potential difficulties in ensuring electromagnetic compatibility in other environments due to conducted or radiated disturbances.• Refer to the operation manual on the SMC website (URL: https:// ) for more safety instructions.2.1 General specificationsItem SpecificationsE n v i r o n m e n tEnclosureIP40 Operating temperature Operating: 0 to 50 oC; Storage: -10 to 60 °C(no freezing or condensation) Humidity range 35 to 85% R.H. (no condensation)Withstand voltage 1000 VAC for 1 min.between charged part and case Insulation resistance50 MΩ min (500 VDC Mega) between charged part and caseMaterials in contact with fluidLCP, PBT, brass (electroless nickel plating),HNBR (+ fluoro coating),FKM (+ fluoro coating), Si, Au, SUS3042.2 Specifications2.3 Piping Port and Weight specificationsModel 01 02 N01 N02 F01F02C4 * C6 * C8 * N7 *Thread (Port size)Rc 1/8Rc 1/4NPT 1/8 NPT 1/4 G 1/8 G 1/4 φ4(5/32") φ6φ8(5/16")φ1/4W e i g h tStraight95 g(without flow adjustment valve)125 g 55 g Bottom entry 105 g (without flow adjustment valve)135 g 65 g Straight135 g(with flow adjustment valve)165 g 95 g Bottom entry 145 g (with flow adjustment valve)175 g105 g* Indicates one touch fitting.2.4 Cable specifications ConductorNominal cross section AWG26 Individual wire diameter approx. 0.50 mm InsulatorOutside diameter approx. 1.00 mm Colours Brown, White, Black, Blue SheathMaterial Lead free heat and oil resistant PVC Outer diameterapprox. φ3.5 mmWarning• Special products (-X) might have specifications different from those shown in this section. Contact SMC for specific drawings.2.5 Analogue Output characteristics∗: Analogue output at maximum rated flow rate when CO 2 is selected is 3 [V] for the voltage output type and 12 [mA] for the current output type.Model Max. rated flow (L/min) Model Max. rated flow (L/min) PFM710-#-C/E 10 (5) PFM710-#-D/F 10 (5) PFM725-#-C/E 25 (12.5) PFM725-#-D/F 25 (12.5) PFM750-#-C/E 50 (25) PFM750-#-D/F 50 (25) PFM711-#-C/E100 (50)PFM711-#-D/F100 (50)∗: Values for CO 2 shown in brackets ( ).∗: The table shows the specifications when a flow adjusting valve is included.4 Installation4.1 InstallationWarning• Do not install the product unless the safety instructions have been read and understood.• Use the product within the specified operating rated flow, operating pressure and temperature range.• Tighten to the specified tightening torque.If the tightening torque is exceeded the mounting screws, brackets and the product can be broken. Insufficient torque can cause displacement of the product from its correct position.• Do not drop, hit or apply excessive shock to the product.ORIGINAL INSTRUCTIONSItemDescription Indicator LED (OUT1)Indicates the output status of OUT1.LED is ON (Green) when OUT1 is ON.When the accumulated pulse output mode is selected, the indicator LED will turn OFF. Indicator LED (OUT2)Indicates the output status of OUT2. LED is ON (Red) when OUT2 is ON. When the accumulated pulse output mode is selected, the indicator LED will turn OFF. SET buttonPress this button to change to another mode and to set a value. SocketSocket for electrical connections. Piping portConnected to the fluid inlet at IN side and to thefluid outlet at OUT side.LED displayDisplays the flow value, setting mode, and errorindication. Four display modes can be selected: display always in red or green, or display changing from green to red, or red to green, according to the output status (OUT1).UP button Selects the mode or increases the ON/OFF set value. Press this button to change to the peak display mode.DOWNbutton Selects the mode or decreases the ON/OFF setvalue. Press this button to change to the bottom display mode.Flow adjustmentvalve. Orifice mechanism to adjust the flow.Lock ring Used to lock the flow adjustment valve. Mounting hole Used to mount the product on a DIN rail ordirectly to a panel.BodyThe body of the product. Lead wire and connector Lead wire to supply power and transmit output signals.∗: The table shows the specifications when a flow adjusting valve is included.Page 2 of 34.2 EnvironmentWarning• Do not use in an environment where corrosive gases, chemicals, salt water or steam are present.• Do not use in an explosive atmosphere.• Do not expose to direct sunlight. Use a suitable protective cover.• Do not install in a location subject to vibration or impact in excess of the product’s specifications.• Do not mount in a location exposed to radiant heat that would result in temperatures in excess of the product’s specifications.4.3 Mounting• Never mount the product in a location that will be used as a foothold. • Mount the product so that the fluid flows in the direction indicated by the arrow on the body.4.3.1 Panel mounting• Insert Panel Mount Adapter B (supplied as an accessory) into Section A of Panel Mount Adapter A.Push Panel Mount Adapter B from behind until the display is located in the panel.The pin of Panel Mount Adapter B engages the notched part of Panel Adapter section C to fix the display.• The switch can be mounted on a panel with a thickness of 1 to 3.2 mm.4.3.2 Bracket mounting• Mount the bracket (Part No. ZS-36-A1) on to the product using the mounting screws supplied.• The required tightening torque is 0.5 ±0.05 N•m. Without Flow adjustment valve With Flow adjustment valve(using Part No. ZS-33-M)(using Part No. ZS-33-MS)• Install the product (with bracket) using M3 screws (4 pcs.). • Bracket thickness is approximately 1.2 mm.Refer to the operation manual on the SMC website (URL: https:// ) for mounting hole dimensions.4.3.3 DIN rail mounting• Mount the DIN rail brackets (Part No. ZS-33-R#) to the product using the mounting screws and joint screws supplied.• The required tightening torque for both screw types is 0.4 ± 0.05 N•m.4.4 PipingCaution• Before connecting piping make sure to clean up chips, cutting oil, dust etc.• When installing piping or fittings, ensure sealant material (tape) does not enter inside the port.• When connecting the piping, hold the specified part of the body with a spanner. Using a spanner on other parts may damage the product. • The required tightening torque of the fittings is given in the table below. If the tightening torque is exceeded, the product can be damaged. If the correct tightening torque is not applied, the fittings may become loose.• Ensure there is no leakage after piping.Nominal Thread size Width across flats ofattachmentTightening torqueRc (NPT) 1/8, G1/8 Rc (NPT) 1/4 17 mm7 to 9 N•m G1/421 mm12 to 14 N•m4.4.1 One Touch fittings• Insert the tube until it bottoms out, to ensure it cannot be pulled out. • Insertion with excessive force can cause damage. • Ensure that there is no leakage after piping.• Use the product within the specified operating pressure and temperature ranges.• Proof pressure is 1.0 MPa.5.1 WiringCaution• Wiring should only be performed with the power supply turned OFF. • Confirm proper insulation of wiring.• Use separate routes for the product wiring and any power or highvoltage wiring. Otherwise, malfunction may result due to noise.• Keep wiring as short as possible to prevent interference from electromagnetic noise and surge voltage.• Ensure that the FG terminal is connected to ground when using a commercially available switch-mode power supply.Switching noise will be superimposed and the product specification can no longer be met. This can be prevented by inserting a noise filter, such as a line noise filter and ferrite core, between the switch-mode power supply and the product, or by using a series power supply instead of a switch-mode power supply.5.1.1 Connecting/Disconnecting• When mounting the connector, insert it straight into the socket, holding the lever and connector body, and push the connector until the lever hooks into the housing, and locks.• When removing the connector, press down the lever to release the hook from the housing and pull the connector straight out.5.1.2 Connector pin numbers (on the lead wire)6 Flow Setting6.1 Measurement mode• Measurement mode is the mode in which the flow is detected and displayed, and the switch function is operating.• This is the basic operating mode; other modes should be selected for set-point and other Function Setting changes.6.2 Switch operation• When the flow exceeds the set value, the switch will turn ON.• When the flow falls below the set value by the amount of hysteresis or more, the switch will turn OFF.• If this condition, shown to the right, is acceptable, then keep these settings.<Operation>∗: The Product outputs will continue operating during setting.1. Press the SET button in measurement mode to display the set values.[P_1] or [n_1] and the set value are displayed in turn.2. Press the UP or DOWN button to change the set value.The UP button is to increase and the DOWN button to decrease the set value.Press the UP button once to increase by one digit or press it continuously to keep increasing the set value.Press the DOWN button once to decrease by one digit or press it continuously to keep decreasing the set value.3. Press the SET button to finish the setting of OUT1.For models with 2 outputs, [P_2] or [n_2] will be displayed. Set OUT2 as above.• Zero clear of displayThe display is reset to zero when UP and DOWN are pressed simultaneously for 1 second.For the initial operation, always perform zero clear with no flow applied.Page 3 of 37.1 Function selection modeIn measurement mode, press the SET button for 2 seconds or longer to display [F 0].The [F##] indicates the mode for changing each function setting.Press the SET button for 2 seconds or longer in function selection mode to return to measurement mode.• Peak / Bottom hold function • Zero clear function • Key-lock functionRefer to the operation manual on the SMC website (URL: https:// ) for setting these functions.Refer to the operation manual or catalogue on the SMC website (URL: https:// ) for How to order information.Refer to the operation manual or catalogue on the SMC website (URL: https:// ) for Outline Dimensions.11.1 General MaintenanceCaution• Not following proper maintenance procedures could cause the product to malfunction and lead to equipment damage.• If handled improperly, compressed air can be dangerous.• Maintenance of pneumatic systems should be performed only by qualified personnel.• Before performing maintenance, turn off the power supply and be sure to cut off the supply pressure. Confirm that the air is released to atmosphere.• After installation and maintenance, apply operating pressure and power to the equipment and perform appropriate functional and leakage tests to make sure the equipment is installed correctly.• If any electrical connections are disturbed during maintenance, ensure they are reconnected correctly and safety checks are carried out as required to ensure continued compliance with applicable national regulations.• Do not make any modification to the product.• Do not disassemble the product, unless required by installation or maintenance instructions.• How to reset the product after a power cut or when the power has been unexpectedly removedThe settings of the product are retained from before the power cut or de-energizing.The output condition also recovers to that before the power cut or de-energizing, but may change depending on the operating environment. Therefore, check the safety of the whole system before operating the product.12 Limitations of Use12.1 Limited warranty and Disclaimer/Compliance Requirements Refer to Handling Precautions for SMC Products.13 Product disposalThis product should not be disposed of as municipal waste. Check your local regulations and guidelines to dispose of this product correctly, in order to reduce the impact on human health and the environment.14 ContactsRefer to or www.smc.eu for your local distributor / importer.URL: https:// (Global) https:// (Europe) SMC Corporation, 4-14-1, Sotokanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0021, Japan Specifications are subject to change without prior notice from the manufacturer. © 2021 SMC Corporation All Rights Reserved. Template DKP50047-F-085MItemDefault setting[F 0] [Uni] Unit selection function[ L] L/min[F 1] [oU1] Output mode (OUT1) [HYS] Hysteresis mode [1ot] Reversed output (OUT1)[1_P] Normal output[P_1] Input Set value (OUT1) [ ] 50% of max. rated flowPFM710: 5 L/min,PFM725: 12.5 L/min PFM750: 25 L/min,PFM711: 50 L/min[H_1] Hysteresis Setting(OUT1) [ ] 3% of max. rated flow PFM710: 0.3 L/min,PFM725: 0.8 L/minPFM750: 1.5 L/min,PFM711: 3 L/min [CoL] Display colour [SoG] ON: Green, OFF: Red[F 2][oU2] Output mode (OUT2) [HYS] Hysteresis mode[2ot] Reversed output(OUT2) [2_P] Normal output[P_2] Input Set value (OUT2) [ ] 50% of max. rated flow PFM710: 5 L/min, PFM725: 12.5 L/min PFM750: 25 L/min, PFM711: 50 L/min[H_2] Hysteresis Setting(OUT2)[ ] 3% of max. rated flowPFM710: 0.3 L/min,PFM725: 0.8 L/min PFM750: 1.5 L/min,PFM711: 3 L/min[F 3] [FLU] Operating fluid [A i r ] d ry air, N 2[F 4] [rEF] Reference condition [A nr] Standard condition[F 5] [eES] Response time[1.00] 1 second [F 6] [dSP] Display mode [i nS ] Instantaneous flow [F 7] [inP] External input [r _r ] Accumulated flowexternal reset [F 8] [drE] Display resolution [1E2] 100-split[F 9] [PrS] Auto-preset[oFF] Manual [F10] [EEP] Accumulated hold [oFF] OFF [F11] [AFL] Analogue output filter [ on] With filter [F12] [Eco] Power saving mode [oFF] Unused [F13] [Pin] Security code [oFF] Unused [F98] [ALL] Setting of all functions [oFF] Unused[F99] [ini] Reset to default settings [oFF] Unused。

Performance Series Embedded NVRsEasy to Use• The Quick wizard and PoE support (up to 4/8/16 channels) enable a fast and efficient set up • Quick installations utilizing an intuitive NVR design and easy-to-understand quick installation guides • Simple remote configuration and firmware update through the Honeywell Viewer web client and the Honeywell Config tool Market OpportunitiesThe flexible storage options, high recording and networking performance of the Embedded NVRs make these NVRs perfect for a wide range of security applications.F E AT U R E S & B E NE F I T S• H.265/H.264 codec decoding• HDMI/ VGAsimultaneous video output • UL listed• Supports up to 4alarm input channels and 2 alarm relay output channels • Supports sending notifications through email, FTP, and/or HTTP• Supports recording a video clip of events for distribution • Supports uploading still images at the time of the event through email and/or FTP• Configurable toautomatically detect and respond tomotion in the scene, alarm inputs, and network failure or tampering• Maximum incoming bandwidth of 200 Mbps• Supports visual or auditory notifications (a flashing light, bell, or siren)• Supports Smart Face detection search • Integration with Maxpro Cloud and the IView NowThese fully featured attractive cameras are perfect for outdoor installations that require excellent picture quality at minimal bandwidth while offering maximum protection against dust, dirt, and water. Boasting a sleek, modern design and offering two different lens options, the cameras are suited for a wide range of applications.4-/8-/16-Channel ENVRsHEN04103/HEN04113/HEN04123/HEN08103 HEN08123/HEN08143/HEN16103/ HEN16123/HEN16143/HEN16163Introducing Honeywell’s Performance Series Embedded NVRs, our newest affordable, fully-featured NVRs offer Ultra 4k HD videoresolution. Choose between a 4-, 8-, or 16-channel NVR, with multiple hard drive options and up to 16 TB of internal storage, for an ideal and flexible solution to fit your surveillance needs.Fully-featured NVRs• High decoding capability for Ultra 4K HD viewing and recording • View 4/8/16 channels simultaneously with synchronized real-time playback on your monitor (depending on your model) • Up to 8 MP (4K) resolution live view, preview and playback • Up to 8 channels at 1080p H.265/H.264 decoding Dynamic, Accessible Monitoring• Mobile apps provide anytime, anywhere access for both Apple® and Android™ devices (smartphones, tablet computers, and laptops)• Protect the NVR’s video and network setup with password- protected access• Conceal up to 4 areas of a scene from viewing and recording Convenient, Flexible Storage Options• Internal storage supports 2 HDDs expandable up to 16 TB (8 TB each)• Store video clips and snapshots to external storage, such as the client’s PC, through the Internet connection • Store video clips and snapshots to external network storage servers, such as an FTP site • Store video clips and snapshots to a USB memory deviceStore videoclips and snapshots to a USB memory deviceS Y S T E M DI AG R AMHEN041*3* = hard drive capacity in TB.HEN061*3* = hard drive capacity in TB.HEN081*3* = hard drive capacity in TB.DIME N S ION SNote:The dimensions of HEN081*3/HEN161*3 are shown here. For the dimensions of HEN041*3, see technical specifications on the next page.T EC HNIC A L SPEC IF IC AT ION S1. Actual bitrate is scene and motion dependent with H.265 stream.2. Some development might be required in specific user cases tosupport some of these protocols in the field, as protocols will matureover time.* = hard drive capacity in TB.Honeywell reserves the right, without notification, to make changes in product design or specifications.L/HENX3D/D© 2018 Honeywell International Inc.For more information/securityHoneywell Security Office2700 Blankenbaker Pkwy, Suite 150Louisville, KY OR DE RING1. Visit the Honeywell Website for new camera support information。

国家标准化管理委员会国际合作部关于IEC发布IECSTD工作模板及新的标准“复审及维护程序”的通知文章属性•【制定机关】国家标准化管理委员会•【公布日期】2010.04.19•【文号】•【施行日期】2010.04.19•【效力等级】部门规范性文件•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】标准化正文国家标准化管理委员会国际合作部关于IEC发布IECSTD工作模板及新的标准“复审及维护程序”的通知各有关单位：由于WORD 2007版本文件在世界范围内的应用日益扩大，为了实现各技术委员会/分技术委员会所提交WORD文档与IEC工作系统的有效对接，IEC日前发布了新的IECSTD工作模板系统。

该系统用于准备所有提交的IEC技术文件并在添加了一些新功能的基础上有效地实现了与WOR 2007版本的兼容。

IEC导则维护组（DMT）在对现有的维护程序进行了重新审查后，发布了新的“复审及维护程序”。

该程序对之前的维护程序进行了相关调整，较以往的维护程序有了较大的变化。

为了帮助各技术委员会/分技术委员了解IEC新发布的工作模板及标准维护程序，熟练掌握IEC的相关工作规程，现将相关文件转发给你们并请仔细研究学习，尽快掌握相关工作规程。

附： 1.IECSTD工作模板系统（英文）2.“复审及维护程序”（英文）国家标准化管理委员会国际合作部二○一○年四月十九日TO ALL NATIONAL COMMITTEESTO ALL TECHNICAL COMMITTEES AND SUBCOMMITTEESDear Sir/Madam，IECSTD TEMPLATE - NEW - Version 4 for Microsoft Word 2002， 2003 and Word 2007 in Compatibility ModeThe IEC is pleased to announce the availability of a new version of the IECSTD template for Microsoft Word 2002， 2003 and Word 2007 in Compatibility Mode.The new version includes the following new features：·New styles and icons for numbered paragraphs （level 2 and 3）·Reorganization of the list styles （bulleted， dashed， and numbered）·New autotexts： PAS （Publicly Available Specification）， Text onPatent rights·Applicable with Word 2007 in Compatibility mode.The new version of the IECSTD template and the Installation and User Guide can be downloaded from the IEC website：·http：//www.iec.ch/tiss/templ/iecstd.dot·http：//www.iec.ch/tiss/templ/iecstd-v4.pdfThe IECSTD template should be used for the preparation of all IEC technical documents （i.e. CDs， CDVs， DTSs， DTRs， FDISs etc.）.The IEC Central Office （CO） plans to convert to the use of the latest version of Word in the second half of 2010. In the meantime， it would prefer to receive documents in the .doc format （Word 2002/2003）however documents in the .docx format （Word 2007） are acceptable and will be converted to the .doc format prior to handling within the IEC CO.For further information or questions， please contact Jean-Pierre Montoya （**********）.Yours faithfully，A. AMITGeneral Secretaryjpm/jrs/ama/mjcInternational Electrotechnical Commission， 3，rue de Varembé， PO Box 131， CH-1211 Geneva 20， Switzerland Telephone：＋41 22 919 0211 Telefax：＋41 22 919 0300E-mail：************* Web： www.iec.ch附件2：“复审及维护程序”（英文）TO ALL NATIONAL COMMITTEESTOTECHNICAL COMMITTEES AND SUB-COMMITTEESDear Sir/Madam，New “Review and maintenance procedures”ObjectiveTo give further information on the new “Review and maintenance procedures” introduced into the new edition of the ISO/IEC Directives Supplement - Procedures specific to IEC （See AC/5/2010）BackgroundThe IEC Standardization Management Board （SMB） in 2007 mandated the IEC Directives Maintenance Team （DMT） to review the current maintenance procedures， which were introduced in 1998.The reasons for the review were：·The maintenance cycles of publications were considered to be too short；·Confusion in the application of the procedures ；·Ambiguity in the fourth edition of the Supplement between the text （normative） and information given in the Annex A （informative）related to the use of Document for Comments （DC） in the procedures.A questionnaire was circulated to all TC/SC officers. The IEC DMT’s conclusions based on the questionnaire replies were：·Encourage the use of longer periods over which pu blications remain unchanged；·Ensure that there is an effective review process prior to the initiation of any maintenance work；·Propose indicators to be considered during the review process；·Emphasize that TC/SC P-members should ultimately decide on the initiation of maintenance work；·Clarify ambiguity in the definition and use of DC documents for the procedures.“Review and maintenance procedures” - major changes·Introduction of a review process；·Indicators given for use in the review pr ocess；·“Stability period ” and “Stability date” replace“Maintenance cycle” and “Maintenance Result date” respectively to reinforce the basic concept of keeping publications unchanged for a set period of time；·Extended the minimum stability period fr om 2 to 3 years；·FormMCR replaced by FormRR （Review Report） recording TC/SC decisions；·TC/SCs may advance the review/ stability dates when there is an urgent need without requesting SMB approval；·Deleted the definition of DC document in the review and maintenance procedures as this is a generic document， which is not specific to these procedures.A presentation， a list of Frequently Asked Questions （FAQs） and the new Form-RR are available on the IEC website.TC/SC officers should contact their IEC CO Technical Officer for further information.Yours faithfully，A. AMITGeneral SecretarymjcInternational Electrotechnical Commission， 3，rue de Varembé， PO Box 131， CH-1211 Geneva 20， Switzerland Telephone：＋41 22 919 0211 Telefax：＋41 22 919 0300E-mail：************* Web： www.iec.ch。

英特尔位操作指令集2
一、Intel保护模式、实地址模式和虚拟8086模式操作指令
1.Instruction Prefixes：指令前缀，可选项，每个前缀一个字节，可选0个前缀到4个不等；指令前缀分为四组，每组都允许设置指定的前缀代码。

Group 1：锁定和重复前缀。

Group 2：段覆盖前缀。

Group 3：操作数大小覆盖前缀。

Group 4：地址大小覆盖前缀。

2.Opcode：操作码，这是唯一不可省略的项，1、2或3个字节，在某些情况下会有额外的三个位作为补充opcode，这三个位是ModR/M中的Reg/Opcode域。

3.ModR/M：一共有三个域，Mod，Reg/Opcode，R/M，具体编码格式参考Op/En列。

Reg/Opcode在特定情况下作为Opcode的补充操作码，特定情况下作为第一个或第二个操作数寄存器。

二、IA-32e模式指令
IA-32e模式有两个子模式
Compatibility Mode：使64位操作系统能够不加修改地运行大多数传统保护模式软件。

64-Bit Mode：使64位操作系统能够运行为访问64位地址空间而编写的应用程序。

bios怎么设置ide模式调成IDE模式是为了安装没有继承SATA驱动的系统，那么大家知道bios怎么设置ide模式吗?接下来大家跟着小编一起来了解一下bios设置ide模式的解决方法吧。

bios设置ide模式方法各品牌笔记本电脑BIOS设置硬盘为IDE兼容模式方法：1、戴尔(DELL)：开机过程中不断按F2到BIOS，依次到Onboard Devices-------SATA Operation，在这里选ATA，按回车键后选YES。

然后按ESC键，然后选择Save/Exit后按回车。

2、宏碁(ACER)，易美迅(eMachines)，捷威(GATEWAY、奶牛)：开机按F2进BIOS，用键盘的右键选择MAIN，然后用下键选择到SATA mode，然后按一下回车键，然后选择IDE，然后按F10，再按一下回车键3、华硕(ASUS)：开机按F2进入BIOS，在Advanced-----IDE Configuration------SATA Operation Mode这里选Compatible，然后按F10再按回车。

4、惠普(HP)：HP 的新机器是图形版BIOS，用鼠标就可以操作。

开机按F10进入bios，在System Configuration------SATA Device Mode，在这里可以选AHCI或IDE，用鼠标就可以点击，选择为IDE，然后按左下角的“X”按钮，选YES。

或者是开机时按F10进入BIOS，把“Enable Native Sata Support”这一项设为disable ，按F10保存退出。

或者是开机时按F10进入BIOS，在System Configuration --------Device Configurations中找到SATANative Mode，将它设置为Disabled ;按F10保存退出。

5、神舟：开机按F2到BIOS，在Advanced中把光标指向HDC Configure AS这一行，按回车键，选择IDE，按回车键，按F10，再按一下回车键。

各品牌电脑修改硬盘模式为IDE的操作方法如果在安装系统后，重启开始进入系统时出现蓝屏问题，那么有可能是硬盘模式出错，特别是XP系统，需要把硬盘模式从AHCI模式改为IDE模式，那么电脑如何修改硬盘模式？BIOS怎么设置硬盘模式？下面就给大家分享各品牌电脑修改硬盘模式为IDE的操作方法。

设置方法：戴尔笔记本（DELL）在开机的过程中不断的按下F2进入到BIOS页面，按序到Onboard Devices-SATA Operation，选择ATA，按下回车键，接着按ESC键，最后选择Save/Exit，按下回车。

宏碁笔记本（ACER）在开机的时候，我们按F2进入BIOS页面，右键选择MAIN，再用下键选择到SATA mode，按下回车键，接着选择IDE，ing按F10，按下回车键。

华硕笔记本（ASUS）在开机的时候，按F2，进入BIOS设置页面，并在“Advanced-IDE Configuration-SATA Operation Mode”中选择Compatible，最后按F10，并按下回车键就可以了。

惠普笔记本（HP）按下惠普的快捷键是F10，进入bios页面，并在“S ystem Configuration-SATA Device Mode”，用鼠标直接选择AHCI或IDE。

如果选择为IDE，直接按下左下角的“X”按钮，选“YES”就可以了。

神舟笔记本神舟笔记本我们按下F2，进入BIOS设置页面，在Advanced中，我们把光标指向HDC Configure AS 这一行，并按下回车键，选择IDE。

再次按回车键，按F10，最后按一下回车键。

东芝笔记本（toshiba）在开机的时候，我们按下F2进入BIOS设置页面，并在Advanced-SATA Controller MODE中选择compatibility，最后按F10，再按下回车键。

1。

CN DE FR ES ITTutorial VideosUser manualScan the QR code to get the latest user manual or download it from the official website.https:///feiyu-scorp/User manua lDownload the AppScan the QR code to download the app, or search for"Feiyu SCORP " in the App Store or Google Play.* Requires iOS 9.0 or above, Android 6.0 or above.iOSAndroid2. Getting started2.1 ChargingPlease fully charge the battery before power on the gimbal for the first time.Charging with USB 2.0 to Type-C cable, supports quick charge.1. Overview[1] Lens holder [2] Quick release plate[3] Camera backing base [4] Slide arm [5] Tilt axis [6] Cross arm [7] Roll axis[8] Touch screen [9] Shutter button [10] Mode button [11] Joystick [12] F1 button [13] Versatile arm [14] Kickstand[15] Handle[16] FPV button[17] Knob function switching button [18] Multifunction knob [19] Fixed plate slider [20] Slider lock [21] Vertical arm[22] Roll lock [23] Quick release plate safety lock [24] Slide arm lock screw [25] A/B button [26] Trigger button [27] Power button [28] Pan axis [29] F2 button[30] Tilt axis2.2 Adjust the gimbal position to gimbal balancing positionThe gimbal is folded by default, please unlock all the three axes and adjust the gimbal positionGimbal balancing position3. Mounting the CameraBefore mounting the camera, make sure the camera is ready for shooting (Install the camera lens, and the lens cover should be removed, the memory card and battery needs to beinserted to the camera, and battery is fully charged) , complete all the steps which mentioned in chapter "2. Getting started" and the gimbal is adjusted to gimbal balancing position . Make sure the gimbal is powered off or in sleep mode before mounting the camera.3.1 Attach the quick release plate and camera backing base(Optional)Attach the quick release plate to camera by tightening the screw.User can choose to attach the camera backing base according to need ( For example, when using a long or heavy lens). Attach the camera backing base to camera, then attach it to quickrelease plate by tightening 2 screws.3.2 Install lens holder (Optional)Install the lens holder on the quick release plate as needed, the rubber of the lens holder must be directly under the leans. It is recommended to use the lens holder when using a long orheavy lens.3.3 Mount camera on gimbalUnlock the quick release plate safety lock ①, push the plate with the mounted camera into the slot ② in direction of arrow, lock the safety lock ① once the camera is roughly balanced. It is recommended to push the camera against the tilt axis. Unlock the slider lock ③ to move4. Gimbal BalancingPlease balance the gimbal before shooting. Make sure the camera and lens are ready for shooting, and the gimbal is powered off or in sleep mode before balancing. It is recommended to hold up the camerafirst, then move the slide arm, cross arm and vertical arm.Tutorial Videos4.1 Balancing the tilt axis4.1.1 Balancing the vertical tilta. Unlock the tilt lock ①lock knob ②.upward. Check the direction which the lens tilt to.side heavy, move the slide arm ③ to the opposite d. Tighten the slide arm lock knob ②camera.4.1.2 Adjust depth for the tilt axisforward. Check the direction which the lens tilt to.c. Lock the quick release plate safety lock ① while holding the camera.while tilted up or down by 45°.4.2 Balancing the roll axisa. Unlock the roll lock ①lens tilt to.side heavy, loosen the cross arm lock knob ②camera can stay still and horizontal to the ground.c. Tighten the cross arm lock knob ②.and horizontal to the ground. 4.3 Balancing the pan axisa. Unlock the pan lock ①. Hold the tripod, and tilt the gimbal forward until it horizontal to the ground.b. If the lens is tilt to one side, then thecamera is that side heavy, loosen the vertical arm lock knob ② and the move the vertical arm ③ to the opposite direction, until the camera can stay still and horizontal to the ground.c. Tighten the vertical arm lock knob ②.The pan axis is balanced when the camera can stay still and horizontal to the ground.5. Operation5.1 Power ON/ OFFBefore power on the gimbal, make sure you have balanced gimbal, and unlocked all the three axes. If you haven't unlocked all the 3 axes, gimbal will enter sleep mode to protect itself. Please single tap power button to wake up gimbal after unlocked all the 3 axes.Long press the power button and release it when you hear the beep sound to power on/ off.5.2 Button operationPower buttonLong press: Power on/off Single tap: Wake upDouble tap: Enter sleep modeMode buttonSingle tap: Pan follow/Lock mode (Switch in turn)Double tap: PTF Triple tap: FPVRecenterEnter/Exit selfie mode )PTF (Release to exit)JoystickPush: the tilt and pan axes.FocusStart/stop Take photoFPV buttonSingle tap: Enter/Exit FPV modeF1 buttonSingle tap: Enter/Exit portrait mode (Default function)You can custom the functionF2 buttonSingle tap: Lock/Unlock the streen (Default function)You can custom the functionA/B buttonLong press: Mark the current position as A/BSingle tap: Return to the position A/B that you have markedMultifunction knobTurn: Control the movement of the roll, tilt and pan axes, or control focus/zoom, or adjust the parameter in the touch screenKnob function switching buttonLong press: Switch the control options of Multifunction knob in turn (The movement of the 3 axes/Electronic focus/Focus motor)Single tap: Switch the control object while controlling the movement of the 3 axes (Tilt/Pan/Roll)*Need to connect with camera. Refer to the camera compatibility list on https:///feiyu-scorp/More button function introductions please refer to the user manual.6. SpecificationProduct name Feiyu SCORP 3-Axis Camera Handheld StabilizerProduct model Feiyu F2Max. Tilt Range +120° ~ -201°Max. Roll Range +215° ~ -106°Max. Pan Range 360°Weight About 1200g Payload Capability About 2500g (Well-balanced)Battery life 13 Hours Battery2500mAh Operating Voltage6.8V-8.4VCompatible CamerasSony, Canon, Nikon, Panasonic camera etc ( Please download the detailed manual for the specific compatible camera and lens )AccessoriesUSB 2.0 to Type-C×1Type-C to Micro(A03)×1Type-C to Type-C (C02)×1Type-C to TRS2.5 (T02)×1Type-C to Multi Sony shutter cable×1Type-C to 2.5mm Panasonic shutter cable (DC2.5mm)×1Tripod ×1Quick release plate×1Camera backing base×1Lens holder×1Lens holder screw×1Camera fixed screw×3。

1.概念和工具在这一章中，我们会介绍全书将会用到的关键的windows操作系统概念和术语，例如Windows API、进程、线程、虚拟内存、内核模式和用户模式、对象、句柄、安全和注册表。

我们也会介绍你用来探索Windows 内部机制的工具，例如内核调试器、可靠性和性能监视器、来自Windows sysinternals (/technet/sysinternals)主要的工具。

此外，我们将解释你怎么使用Windows Driver Kit（WDK）和Windows Software development Kits （SDK）作为资源来发现Windows系统内部更多的信息。

确保你理解本章的所有东西-本书的剩余部分假定你已经理解了一切。

1.1.Windows操作系统版本本书覆盖基于Windows NT内核的最近两个版本：Windows Vista（32位和64位版本）和Windows Server 2008（32位和64位版本）。

除非特殊说明，本文适用所有的版本。

作为背景信息，表1-1列出了Windows NT内核的发布版本，它们的内部版本号和外部产品名称。

1.2.基本概念和术语在本书的课程当中，我们将会引用一些对一些读者来说比较陌生的结构和概念。

在这个部分，我们将会定义这些贯穿于全书的这些术语。

你将在进入到余下章节之前熟悉这些术语。

1.2.1.Windows APIWindows应用程序编程接口（Windows application programming interface）是对Windows 操作系统家族的系统编程接口。

前面介绍的Windows XP 和Windows Server 2003的64位版本，Windows操作系统的32位版本的编程接口称作Win32 API，以用来区别于原始的16位Windows API，16位Windows API是原始的Windows16位版本的编程接口。

下于缩写■文全称中♦全称0-93G Third Generation 第三代移动通信3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project 第三代合作工程(WCDMA+TD-SCDMA)3GPP2 Third Generation Partnership Project 2 第三代合作工程CDMA2000AAAL2 ATM Adaptation Layer type 2 ATM适配层类型2AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer type 5 ATM适配层类型5AC Antenna Calibration 天线校准AC Adimission Control 接入限制AC Alternate Current 交流ACU Access Controfl Unit 接入限制单元ACK Ackonwledgement 应答ADC (A/D) Analog to Digital Converter 模数转换器AGC Automatic Gain Control 自动增益限制ALCAP Access Link Control Application Protocol 接入层链路限制应用协议AIF Analog Intermediate Frequency 模拟中频AKA Authentication and key agreement 认证和密钥协商机制AMR Adaptive multi rate 自适应多速率语音编码AMPS American Mobile Phone System 美国移动系统1GAOA Angle of arrival 到达方位角ATM Asynchronous transfer mode 异步传输模式AuC Authencation centre 鉴权中央AwGN Additional White Gaussian noice 加性高斯白噪声BBC Burst Composition 突发形成BCH Broadcast channel 播送信道BCCH Broadcast control channel 播送限制信道BCP Baseband Control Processor 基带限制处理器BER Bit error rate 误比特率BMC Broadcast /multicast control 播送/多波限制BSC Base station controller 基站限制器BSS Base station subsystem 基站子系统BTS Base transceiver station 基站收发机B3G Beyond 3G 后3G ,或4GCCA Code assignment 码分配CAC Connection Admission Control 连接接入限制CBS Cell Broadcast Service 小区播送业务CBR Constant Bit Rate 固定比特率CC Channel code 信道编码CC Call Control 呼叫限制CCCH Common Control Channel 公共限制信道CCH Common Channel 公共信道CCTrCH Coded Composite Transport Channel 码分复合传输信道CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel 公共限制物理信道CCU Central Control Unit 中央限制单元CDMA Code Division Multiple Access ［码分多址接入CPM Communications Processor Module 通信处理模块CPP Chip Processing Processor 码片级处理器CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理单元CRC Cyclic redundancy check ［循环冗余校验CRNC Controlling radio network controller 限制的无线网络限制器CS Circuit Switch 电路交换CS-MGW Circuit Switch-MediaGateway 电路交换-媒体网关CWTS中国无线通信标准组China wireless telecommunication standard groupCM Connnection managerment 连接治理CN Core Network 核心网DDAC (D/A) Digital to Analog Converter 数模转换器DC Direct Current 直流DCA Dynamic Channel Assignment 动态信道分配DCCH ]Dedicated Control Channel ［专用限制信道DCH Dedicated Channel 专用信道DCLK Digital Clock 数字时钟DDC Digital Down Conversion 数字卜父频DIF Digital Intermediate Frequency 数字中频DOA Direction of arrival 到达方向DRA Dynamic Resource Allocate 动态资源分配DPRAM Dual Port RAM 双口RAMDMB Digital Main Board 数字主板DUC Digital Up Conversion 数字上变频DwPCH Downlink Pilot channel 下行导频信道DwPTS Downlink Pilot Slot 下行导频时隙EE1PB E1 Protection Board E1保护板E2PROM Electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM ) 电可擦除的PROM EDGE Enhanced data rate for GSM evolution GSM增强数据速率EFR Enhanced Full rate 增强行全速率EIR Equipment Identity register 设备识别存放器EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility 电磁兼容EMI Electromagnetic Interference 电磁干扰EMIF External Memory Interface 外部存储器接口EVM Error Vector MagnitudeEPROM Erasable PROM 可擦除的PROM EPLD Erasable Programmable Logic Device 可擦除可编程逻辑器件FFDD Frequency Division Duplex 频分双工FDMA Frequency Division multiple access .频分多址FC Fast control 快速限制FCC Fast Communications Controller 快速通信限制器FER Frame Error Rate 误帧率FETH Fast Ethernet 快速以太网FIFO First In First Out (Menory) 先入先出〔存储器〕FIR Finite Impulse Response (Filter) 有限冲击响应〔滤波器〕FP Frame Protocol 帧协议FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array 现场可编程门阵列FPACH Fast Physical Access Channel 快速物理接入信道GGGSN GPRS gateway support node GPRS网关节点GPIO General Purpose Input Output 通用输入输出GPRS ]General Packet Radio Service 通用分组无线效劳|GPS Global Position System 全球定位系统GSM Global System for Mobile communications 全球移动通信系统［GMM GPRS mobility management GPRS移动性治理GMSC Gateway MSC 网关MSCGTP GPRS tunneling protocol 通用分组无线业务隧道协议HHA High Availability 局可靠性HC Hand over 切换HDLC High Data Link Control 高速数据链路限制HFN Hyper frame number 超帧号HLR Home Location Register 归属位置存放器HSDPA| High speed downlink packet access 高速下行分组接入HSCSD High speed circuit switched data 高速电路交换HSS Home subscriber server 归属用户效劳器I2I2C (I2C) Inter-integrated circuit 一种两线的接口标准ICL Interface and Control Logic 接口和限制逻辑IF Intermediate Frequency 中频IMA Inverse Multiplexing for ATM ATM反向复用IMSI International mobile subscriber identity 国际移动用户识别号IMT-2000 International mobile telecommunication 国际移动通信-2000IP Internet Protocol 国际互连网协议Iu Interconnection point between an RNC and aCore Network CN 〔MSC 或者SGSN 〕和RNC之间的接口Iub Interface between Node B and RNC Node B和RNC之间的接口Iur A logical interface between two RNC RNC和RNC之间的接口IuUP Iu User Plane Iu接口用户向ITU International Telecommunication Union 一国际电信联盟JJD Joint Detection 联合检测LL1 Layer〔(physical layer) 层1 〔物理层〕L2 Layer 2(data link layer) 层2 〔数据链路层〕L3 Layer 3(network layer) 层3 〔网络层〕LC Load control 负载限制LCLK Local Clock 本地时钟LCR Low Chip Rate 低码片速率LMT Local Maintenance Terminal 本地维护终端LMT-B Local Maintenance Terminal for Node B Node B的本地维护终端LMT-R Local Maintenance Terminal for RNC RNC本地操作维护终端LNA Low Noise Amplifier 低噪放〔低噪声放大器〕LO Local Oscillator 本振LPF Loop Filter 环路滤波器LVDS Low Voltage Differential Signaling 低电压差分信令MME Mobile equipment 移动设备MIF Microprocessor Interface 微处理器接口MII Media Independent Interface 媒体独立接口MTBF Mean Time Between Failure 平均故障间隔时间MS] Mobile Station 移动台］MSC Mobile Switching Center 移动交换中央MTP Message Transfer Part 消息传送局部MTBF Mean Time Between Failure 平均故障间隔时间NNAS Non access stratum 非接入层NBT NodeB tester NodeB测试仪NNI Network/ Network Interface 网络网络接口NRT Non Real Time 非实时NCO Numerically Controlled Oscillator 数控振荡器NSM Network Synchronous Module 网同步模块NMS Nnetwork Management System 网络治理系统OO&M Operation & Maintenance 操作和维护OMC-R Operation and Maintenance Center-Radio 无线操作维护中央OVSF Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor 止交可变扩频因子OLIA Optical Line Interface Assemble 光线路接口板OMUPPA Power Amplifier 功率放大器PC Power Control 功率限制PCCH Paging Control Channel 寻呼限制信道P-CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel 主公共限制物理信道PD Phase Detector 鉴相器PDU Protocol Data Unit 协议数据单元PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel 物理下行共享信道PGC Programmable Gain Control 可编程增益限制PHY Physical device 物理层器件PID Production Identification 产品识别数据PICH Page Indication Channel 寻呼指示信道PLL Phase Locked Loop 锁相环PRACH Physical random access channel 物理随机接入信道PROM Programmable ROM 可编程ROMPS Packet Switched 分组交换PSB Power Supply Board 电源板PSTN Public switched telephone network 公用交换网PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit 永久虚电路QQoS Quality of Service 业务质里］QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying 正交相移键控QAM Quadrature amplitude modulation 正父幅度调制RRACH Radom access channel 随机接入信道RAM Random Access Memory 随机访问存储器RAN Radio Access Network 无线接入网RANAP Radio access network application aprt 无线接入应用局部RASAP Radio access subsystem application part 无线接入子系统应用局部RRC Radio Resource Control 无线资源限制RRM Radio Resource Management 无线资源治理RF Radio Frequency 射频RFLO Radio Frequency Local Oscillator射频本振SynthesizerRNC Radio Network Controller J无线网络限制器RNS Radio Network Subsystem 无线网络子系统ROM Read-Only Memory 只读存储器RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator 接收信号强度指示RT Real Time 实时RTD Round trip delay 环路延时RU Resource Unit 资源单元RX Reception (Receiver ) 接收〔器〕SSAW Source Surface Wave 声外表波S-CCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical辅公共限制物理信道ChannelSCCP Signaling Connection Control Part 信令连接限制局部SCH Synchronization Channel 同步信道SD Sync-UL Detection 上行同步检测SFN System Frame Number 系统帧号SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node 效劳GPRS支持节点SIB System Information Block 系统信息块SIR Signal-to-Interference Ratio 隹T干比SJ Smart Antenna and Joint Detection 智能天线和联合检测SMS Short Message Service 短信息业务SMC Serial Management Interface 串行治理接口SRB Signalling Radio Bearer 信令无线承载SRNC Serving Radio Network Controller 效劳无线网络限制器SRNS Serving Radio Network System 效劳无线网络限制器系统STM-1 Synchronous Transfer Mode 1 同步传输模式1SS7 Signaling system no.7 7号信令SPI Serial Peripheral Interface 串行外设接口STM-1 Synchronous Transfer Mode 1 同步传输模式1SWR Standing Wave Ratio 驻波比TTA Trace Adaptor 跟踪适配器Tb Interface between Node B and LMT-B Node B和LMT-B之间的接口TBD To be defined 待定TBS Transport Block Set 传输块集TCP/IP TransmissionControl Protocol/Internet传输限制协议/互联网协议ProtocolTDD Time Division Duplex 时分双工TDMA J Time Division multiple access ［时分多址接入TD-SCDMA Time Division Synchronous CDMA 时分复用的同步的CDMAT_FRAME Wireless Timing Frame 无线定时帧TFCI Transport Format Combination Indicator 传输格式组合指示TFCS Transport Format Combination Set 传输格式组合集TPC Test PC 基站测试软件TPC Transmit power control 传输功率限制TRB Transmitting and Receiving Board 模拟收发板TS Time Slot 时隙TrCH Transport Channel 传输信道T_SLOT Wireless Timing Slot 无线定时时隙TTI Transmission time interval 传输时间间隔TM Transparent Mode 透明模式TX Transmission (Transmitter ) 发送〔发射〕〔器〕UUART Universal Asynchronous通用异步收发器Receiver/TransmitterUE User Equipment 用户设备UL Uplink 上行UTOPIA Universal Test and Operations Physical layerInterface for ATM ATM通用测试操作物理层接口Uu Air Interface between Node B and UE NodeB和UE之间的空中接口UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications通用移动通讯系统SystemUpPTS Uplink Pilot Time Slot 上行引导时隙URA UTRAN Registration Area UTRAN登记区UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access 通用陆地无线接入UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network 通用陆地无线接入网络UNI User Network Interface 用户网络接口VVC Virtual Circuit 虚电路VCI Virtual Channel Identifier 虚通道标识VCXO Voltage Controlled Xtal Oscillator 压控晶体振荡器VLR J Visitor Location register 访问者位置存放器|VPI Virtual Path Identifier 虚通路标识WWCDMA J Wideband CDMA _|宽带码分多址ACU Access Control Unit 接入限制单元BBU Base Band Unit 基带处理单兀CAN bus Controller area Network bus 限制器局域网CF Compact Flash card 紧凑型Flash存储设备CPB Chip Process Board 基带码片处理板CPM Communications Processor Module 通信处理模块DC Direct Current 直流电源DPM DCB & TPA-PSB Module DCB 及TPA-PSB 模块EEPROM Electrically erasable PROM 电可擦除的PROM FCC Fast communications controller 快速通信限制器GPCM General-purpose chip-select machine 通用片选机器GPS Global Position System 全球定位系统IPOA IP Over ATM ATM上的IP传输MMU Memory management unit 存储器治理单兀RFU Radio Frequency Unit 无线射频单元RIU RNC Interface Unit NodeB与RNC接口单元RIU_DOF RIU Dual Optical Fiber interface RIU双光口板RIU_E1 RIU Ethernet 1 Interface RIU_E1 接口板RIU_SOF RIU Single Optical Fiber interface RIU单光口板SAAL Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer ATM信令适配层SCM Switch Control Management 交换限制治理板卡SEB Serial Extension Board 串口板SIU System Interface Unit 系统接口单元SPB Symbol Process Board 基带符号处理板TPA TD-SCDMA Power Amplifier TD-SCDMA功率放大器AAL ATM Adaptation Layer ATM适配层AS Access Stratum 接入层BCCH Broadcast Control Channel 播送限制信道CCCH Common Control Channel 公共限制信道CN Core Network 核心网C-RNTI Cell RNTI 小区无线网络临时标识CS Circuit Switched 电路交换DCH Dedicated Channel 专用信道DL Downlink 下行链路DRNC Drift Radio Network Controller 漂移无线网络限制器DSCH Downlink Shared Channel 下行共享信道DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel ［专用业务信道ID Identifier 标识L1 Layer 1 层1 〔物理层〕L2 Layer 2 层2 〔数据链路层〕L3 Layer 3 层3 〔网络层〕PCCH Paging Control Channel 寻呼限制信道PCH Paging Channel 寻呼信道PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol 分组数据会聚协议PLMN Public Land Mobile Network 公共陆地移动网PS Packet Switching 分组交换QoS Quality of Service ［业务质里］RANAP Radio Access Network Application Part 无线接入网络应用局部RNSAP Radio Network Subsystem Application Part 无线网络子系统应用局部RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier 无线网络临时标识RNC Radio Network Controller 无线网络限制器RRC Radio Resource Control 无线资源限制Rx Receive 接收SAP Service Access Point 业务接入点SRNC Service Radio Network Controller 效劳无线网络限制器S-RNTI SRNC - RNTI 效劳无线网络临时标识TDD Time Division Duplex|时分复用ITFS Transport Format Set 传输格式集合TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity 临时移动用户标识符Tx Transmit 发送UE User Equipment 用户设备UL Uplink 上行链路UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications全球移动通信系统SystemU-RNTI UTRAN-RNTI UTRAN无线网络临时标识UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network UMTS地面尢线接入网AAL ATM Adaptation Layer ATM适配层BCCH Broadcast Control Channel 播送限制信道CCCH Common Control Channel 公共限制信道CN Core Network 核心网CS Circuit Switched 电路交换DCH Dedicated Channel 专用信道DL Downlink ］下行链路1DRNC Drift Radio Network Controller 漂移无线网络限制器DSCH Downlink Shared Channel 下行共享信道DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel 1专用业务信道ID Identifier 标识L1 Layer 1 层1 〔物理层〕L2 Layer 2 层2 〔数据链路层〕L3 Layer 3 层3 〔网络层〕PCCH Paging Control Channel 寻呼限制信道PLMN Public Land Mobile Network 公共陆地移动网PS Packet Switching 分组交换QoS Quality of Service 业务质里|RANAP Radio Access Network Application Part 无线接入网络应用局部RNSAP Radio Network Subsystem Application Part 无线网络子系统应用局部RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier 无线网络临时标识RNC Radio Network Controller 无线网络限制器RRC Radio Resource Control 无线资源限制Rx Receive 接收SAP Service Access Point 业务接入点SRNC Service Radio Network Controller 效劳无线网络限制器S-RNTI SRNC - RNTI 效劳无线网络临时标识TDD Time Division Duplex 时分复用［TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity 临时移动用户标识符Tx Transmit 发送UE User Equipment 用户设备UL Uplink 上行链路UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications全球移动通信系统SystemU-RNTI UTRAN-RNTI UTRAN无线网络临时标识UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network UMTS地面尢线接入网ACK Acknowledgement 确认AICH Acquisition Indicator CHannel 捕获指示信道AM Acknowledged Mode 确认模式AS Access Stratum 接入层ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation.1 抽象语法符号集BCCH Broadcast Control Channel 播送限制信道BCFE Broadcast Control Functional Entity 播送多投限制功能实体BER Bite Error Rate 误码率BSS Base Station Sub-system 基站子系统C Conditional 条件CCPCH Common Control Physical CHannel 公共限制物理信道CCCH Common Control Channel 公共限制信道CN Core Network 核心网CPCH Common Packet CHannel 公共分组信道C-RNTI Cell RNTI 小区无线网络临时标识DCA Dynamic Channel Allocation 动态信道分配DCFE Dedicated Control Functional Entity 专用限制功能实体DCH Dedicated Channel 专用信道DC-SAP Dedicated Control SAP 专用限制业务接入点DL Downlink 下行链路DRAC Dynamic Resource Allocation Control 动态资源分配限制DSCH Downlink Shared Channel 下行共享信道DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel 专用业务信道FAUSCH Fast Uplink Signalling Channel 快速上行信令信道FFS For Further Study 再研究GC-SAP General Control SAP 通用限制业务接入点ID Identifier 标识IETF Internet Engineering Task Force 网络工程任务增强IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity 国际移动设备标识码IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity 国际移动用户标识码LAI Location Area Identity 位直域标识L1 Layer 1 层1 〔物理层〕L2 Layer 2 层2 〔数据链路层〕L3 Layer 3 层3 〔网络层〕MP Mandatory Present 必选MCC Mobile Country Code 移动国家码MNC Mobile Network Code 移动网络码MS Mobile Station 移动台Nt-SAP Notification SAP 通知业务接入点NW Network 网络OP Optional Present 可选ODMA Opportunity Driven Multiple Access 时机驱动多址接入PCCH Paging Control Channel 寻呼限制信道PCH Paging Channel 寻呼信道PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel 下行物理共享信道PLMN Public Land Mobile Network 公共陆地移动网PNFE寻呼通知功能实体Paging and Notification Control Functional EntityPRACH Physical Random Access Channel 随机接入物理信道PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel 上行共享物理信道QoS Quality of Service 业务质里RAI Routing Area Identity 路由域标识RFE Routing Functional Entity 路由功能实体RLC Radio Link Control 无线链路限制RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier 无线网络临时标识RNC Radio Network Controller 无线网络限制器RRC Radio Resource Control 无线资源限制RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator 接收信号强度指示SAP Service Access Point 业务接入点SCFE Shared Control Function Entity 共享限制功能实体SF Spreading Factor 扩频因子SHCCH Shared Control Channel 共享限制信道SIR Signal to Interference Ratio 信噪比SSDT Site Selection Diversity Transmission 位置选择分集S-RNTI SRNC - RNTI 效劳无线网络临时标识符TBD to be decided 再决定TDD Time Division Duplex 时分复用TME Transfer Mode Entity 传输模式实体TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity 临时移动用户标识符Tr Transparent 透明的Tx Transmission 传输发送UE User Equipment 用户设备UL Uplink 上行链路UM Unacknowledged Mode 非确认模式UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications全球移动通信系统SystemUNACK Unacknowledgement 非确认U-RNTI UTRAN-RNTI UTRAN无线网络临时标识符USCH Uplink Shared Channel 上行共享信道UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network UMTS陆地无线接入网Itf_b 接口到协议网关NEMADC (A/D) Analog to Digital Converter 模数转换器AGC Automatic Gain Control 自动增益限制ATM Asynchronous transfer mode 异步传输模式BCP Baseband Control Processor 基带限制处理器BIST Built in self testBPF Band Pass Filter 带通滤波器CCU Central Control Unit 中央限制单元CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 码分多址CPM Communications Processor Module 通信处理模块CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理单元CIC Cfaded-integrator-comb (filter)CN Core Network 核心网DC Direct Current 直流DCLK Digital Clock 数字时钟DMB Digital Main Board 数字主板DwPTS Downlink Pilot Slot 下行导频时隙E1PB E1 Protection Board E1保护板E2PROMElectrically erasable PROM 电可擦除的PROM (EEPROM)EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility 电磁兼容EMI Electromagnetic Interference 电磁干扰EMIF External Memory Interface 外部存储器接口EMIFA EMIF AEMIFB EMIF BEPROM Erasable PROM 可擦除的PROMFCC Fast Communications Controller 快速通信限制器FETH Fast Ethernet 快速以太网FIFO First In First Out (Menory) 先入先出〔存储器〕FIR Finite Impulse Response (Filter) 有限冲击响应〔滤波器〕FP Frame Protocol 帧协议GP Guard Period 保护时隙GPCM General-purpose chip-select machine 通用片选机器GPIO General Purpose Input Output 通用输入输出GPS Global Positioning System 全球定位系统GTS General Test System 通用测试系统HPI Host Port Interface 主机接口HW Hardware 硬件HRCW Hardware Reset Configuration Word 硬件复位配置字_ , 2 一、I2C (I C) Inter-integrated circuit 一种两线的接口标准ICL Interface and Control Logic 接口和限制逻辑IF(1)Intermediate Frequency 中频IF⑵Interface 接口IMA Inverse Multiplexing for ATM ATM反向复用Iub Interface between Node B and RNC Node B和RNC之间的接口IubFP Frame Protocol on Iub interfaceJTAG Joint Test Action GroupLCLK Local Clock 本地时钟LDO Low-Dropout RegulatorLED Light-Emitting Diode 发光二级管LMT Local Maintenance Terminal 本地维护终端LMT-B LMT for Node B Node B的本地维护终端LNA Low Noise Amplifier 低噪放〔低噪声放大器〕LO Local Oscillator 本振LPF Loop Filter 环路滤波器LSBMMU Memory management unit 存储器治理单兀MSB Most Significant BitMIF Microprocessor Interface 微处理器接口MII Media Independent Interface 媒体独立接口MTBF Mean Time Between Failure 平均故障间隔时间O&M Operation & Maintenance 操作和维护OMC-R Operation and Maintenance Center-Radio 无线操作维护中央PCBPD⑴Phase Detector 鉴相器PD(2) Power Detection 功率检测PHY Physical device 物理层器件PPS Pulse Per Second 秒脉冲PROM Programmable ROM 可编程ROMPSB Power Supply Board 电源板QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingRAN Radio Access Network 无线接入网RF Radio Frequency 射频RFLO Radio Frequency Local Oscillator射频本振SynthesizerRMS Root-Mean-Square 均方根RNC Radio Network Controller 无线网络限制器RNS Radio Network Subsystem 无线网络子系统ROM Read-Only Memory 只读存储器RX Reception (Receiver ) 接收〔器〕SMA SubMiniature version ASMC Serial Management Interface 串行治理接口SPI Serial Peripheral Interface 串行外设接口SWR Standing Wave Ratio 驻波比TA Trace Adaptor 跟踪适配器Tb Interface between Node B and LMT-B Node B和LMT-B之间的接口TBD To be defined 待定TD-SCDMA Time Division Synchronous CDMA 时分复用的同步的CDMAT_FRAME Wireless Timing Frame 无线定时帧Wireless Timing Slot 无线定时时隙FFFT_SLO TTX Transmission (Transmitter ) 发送〔发射〕〔器〕UART Universal Asynchronous通用异步收发器Receiver/TransmitterUE User Equipment 用户设备UpPTS Uplink Pilot Slot 上行导频时隙UTOPIA Universal Test and Operations Physical layerInterface for ATM ATM通用测试操作物理层接口VCXO Voltage Controlled Xtal Oscillator 压控晶体振荡器缩写术语英文全称中文全称ADC (A/D) Analog to Digital Converter 模数转换器AGC Automatic Gain Control 自动增益捽制ATM Asynchronous transfer mode 异步传输模式BCP Baseband Control Processor 基带限制处理器BIST Built in self testBSP Board Support Package 板级支持包CCU Central Control Unit 中央限制单元CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 码分多址f Codec and Frame protocol Processor 编解码和帧协议处理器CPM Communications Processor Module 通信处理模块CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理单元CIC Cascaded-integrator-comb (filter)CN Core Network 核心网DC Direct Current 直流DCLK Digital Clock 数字时钟DDP Data Distribution Processor 数据分发处理器DIF Digital Intermediate Frequency 数字中频DMB Digital Main Board 数字主板DSP Digital Signal Processing (Processor) 数字信号处理〔器〕DwPTS Downlink Pilot Slot 下行导频时隙E1PB E1 Protection Board E1保护板Electrically erasable PROM 电可擦除的PROME2PROM(EEPROM)EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility 电磁兼容EMI Electromagnetic Interference 电磁干扰EMIF External Memory Interface 外部存储器接口EMIFA EMIF AEMIFB EMIF BEPROM Erasable PROM 可擦除的PROMFCC Fast Communications Controller 快速通信限制器FETH Fast Ethernet 快速以太网FIFO First In First Out (Menory) 先入先出〔存储器〕FIR Finite Impulse Response (Filter) 有限冲击响应〔滤波器〕fGPCM General-purpose chip-select machine 通用片选机器GPIO General Purpose Input Output 通用输入输出GPS Global Positioning System 全球定位系统HRCW Hardware Reset Configuration Word 硬件复位配置字FICL Interface and Control Logic 接口和限制逻辑IF⑴Intermediate Frequency 中频IF⑵Interface 接口IMA Inverse Multiplexing for ATM ATM反向复用Iub Interface between Node B and RNC Node B和RNC之间的接口IubFP Frame Protocol on Iub interfaceJTAG Joint Test Action GroupLCLK Local Clock 本地时钟LDO Low-Dropout RegulatorLED Light-Emitting Diode 发光二级管LMT Local Maintenance Terminal 本地维护终端LMT-B LMT for Node B Node B的本地维护终端LNA Low Noise Amplifier 低噪放〔低噪声放大器〕LO Local Oscillator 本振LPF Loop Filter 环路滤波器LSBMcBSP Multichannel Buffered Serial Port 多通道缓冲串口MMU Memory management unitF 存储器治理单兀MIF Microprocessor Interface 微处理器接口MII Media Independent Interface 媒体独立接口MTBF Mean Time Between Failure 平均故障间隔时间O&M Operation & Maintenance 操作和维护OMC-R Operation and Maintenance Center-Radio 无线操作维护中央PCBPD(1) Phase Detector 鉴相器PD(2) Power Detection 功率检测PHY Physical device 物理层器件PID Production Identification Data 产品识别数据PPS Pulse Per Second 秒脉冲PROM Programmable ROM 可编程ROMPSB Power Supply Board 电源板QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingRAN Radio Access Network 无线接入网RF Radio Frequency 射频RFLO Radio Frequency Local Oscillator射频本振SynthesizerRMS Root-Mean-Square 均方根RNC Radio Network Controller 无线网络限制器RNS Radio Network Subsystem 无线网络子系统ROM Read-Only Memory 只读存储器RX Reception (Receiver ) 接收〔器〕SMA SubMiniature version ASMC Serial Management Interface 串行治理接口SPI Serial Peripheral Interface 串行外设接口TA Trace Adaptor 跟踪适配器Tb Interface between Node B and LMT-B Node B和LMT-B之间的接口TBD To be defined 待定TDD Time Division Duplex 时分双工TD-SCDMA Time Division Synchronous CDMA 时分复用的同步的CDMAT_FRAME Wireless Timing Frame 无线定时帧TOD Time Of DayT_SLOT Wireless Timing Slot 无线定时时隙TX Transmission (Transmitter ) 发送〔发射〕〔器〕UART Universal Asynchronous通用异步收发器Receiver/TransmitterUE User Equipment 用户设备UpPTS Uplink Pilot Slot 上行导频时隙UTOPIA Universal Test and Operations Physical layerATM通用测试操作物理层接口Interface for ATMVCXO Voltage Controlled Xtal Oscillator 压控晶体振荡器A&EM Alarm & Event Management 告警与事件治理A&VE Audio / Video Editor 音频 /视频编辑器A-A Analog-Analog 模模A-D Analog-Digital 模数A/D Analog / Digital 模拟/ 数字A/V Audio / Video 音频/视频A/VP Audio / Video Panel 音频视频面板AA Absolute Address 绝对地址AA Access Agent 访问代理AA Arrival Angl 入射角AA Automatic Alarm call 自动报警呼叫AA Automatic Answer 自动应答AA/G Application Agent / Gateway 应用代理 /网关AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting 验证、授权和帐户AAB Automatic Alternative Billing 自动更换记帐AAB Automatic Answer Back 自动应答AAC Active Address Code 有效地址码AAC Aeronautical Administrative Communication 航空治理通信AAC Automatic Alarm Call 自动报警呼叫AACS Asynchronous Address Communication System 异步地址通信系统AAD Adaptive Arithmetic Decoder 自适应算术码译码器AAE Adaptive Arithmetic Encoder 自适应算术码编码器AAF Access Adaption Function 存取自适应功能AAF Analog Antialiasing Filter 模拟防混淆滤波器AAIC Accounting Authority Identification Code 结算机构识别码AAL ATM Adaptation Layer ATM 适配层AAL1 ATM Adaptation Layer 1 ATM 适配层1AAL2 ATM Adaptation Layer 2 ATM 适配层2AAL3/4 ATM Adaptation Layer 3/4 ATM 适配层3/4AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer 5 ATM 适配层5AALM ATM Adaptation Layer Module ATM 适配层模块AAR Automatic Alternative Routing 自动迂回路由AARE Application Association REsponse 应用联合响应AARQ Application Association ReQuest 应用联合请求AAS Advanced Administration System 先进治理系统AAS Automatic Addressing System 自动寻址系统AAS Automatic Announcement Subsystem 自动通知子系统AAS Automatic Audio Switching system 自动音频交换系统AAT Automatic Answer Trunk 自动应答中继AATS Alerting Automatic Telling Status 自动报警状态AAU Automatic Answering Unit 自动应答单元AAVD Automatic Alternate Voice / Data 自动语音 /数据交替使用AB ABbreviated dialing 缩位拨号AB Address Bus地址总线AB Aligned Bundle 定位光纤束AB Audio Bandwidth 音频带宽ABC Address Bus Control 地址总线限制ABC Advanced Broadband Communications 高级宽带通信ABC Analog Baseband Combiner 模拟基带合并器ABC Auto Billing Calling 自动记帐呼叫ABC Automatic Bandwidth Control 自动带宽限制ABC Automatic Bias Compensation 自动偏置补偿ABC Automatic Bias Control 自动偏置限制ABC Automatic Broadcasting Control system 自动播送限制系统ABD ABbreviated Dialing 缩位拨号ABD Answer-Back Device 应答设备ABDL Automatic Binary Data Link 自动二进制数据链路ABEP Advanced Burst Error Processor 高级突发错误处理器ABER Average Bit Error Rate 平均误比特率ABF Air Blown Fiber 充气光纤ABI Application Binary Interface 应用二进制接口ABM Asynchronous Balanced Mode 异步平衡模式ABOBA Asynchronous Bidirectional Optical Branching Amplifier不对称双向光支路放大器ABR Address Buffer Register 地址缓冲存放器ABR Answer Bid Ratio 应答试占比ABR Area Border Router 区域边界路由器ABR Auromatic Bit Rate selection 自动比特率选择ABR Available Bit Rate 可用比特率ABS Access Barred Signal 接入受阻信号ABS Alternate Billing Service 可选计费业务ABS Antipodal Baseband Signaling 对应基带信号ABT ATM Block Transfer ATM 块转移AC Access Code存取码,接入码AC Access Concentrator 接入集中器AC Access Control 访问限制AC Access Coupler通路耦合器AC Access Cycle 存取周期AC Accounting Function 计费功能AC Advice of Charge 计费通知AC Application Channel 应用信道AC Application Context 应用关系AC Area Code 地区号AC Armored Cable 铠装光缆AC Asynchronous Computer 异步计算机AC Authentication Center 认证中央AC Authentication Code 认证码ACA ACcounting Analysis 结算分析ACA Adaptive Channel Allocation 自适应信道分配ACA Adjacent Channel Attenuation 相邻信道衰减ACA Automated Cable Analysis 电缆自动分析ACB Automatic Call Back 自动回叫ACC Account Card Calling 计帐卡呼叫ACC ACCounting collection 帐单收集ACC Asynchronous Communication Control 异步通信限制ACC Automatic Carrier Control 载波自动限制ACC Automatic Congestion Control 自动拥挤限制ACCA ACcounting Class Administration 结算分类治理ACCH Associated Control CHannel 随路限制信道ACCS Automatic Calling Card Service 自动呼叫卡业务ACD Automatic Call Distribution 自动呼叫分配ACD Automatic Call Distributor 自动呼叫分配器ACDMA Advanced CDMA 高级码分多址ACE Access Connection Element 接入连接单元ACE Animated Computer Education 计算机动画教育ACE Automatic Calling Equipment 自动呼叫设备ACE Auxiliary Control Element 辅助限制单元ACF Access Control Field 访问限制字段ACF Advanced Communications Function 高级通信功能ACF Authentication Control Function 鉴权限制功能ACF Automatic Colour Filter 自动彩色过滤器ACH Answer CHarge 应答计费ACHI Application CHannel Interface 应用信道接口ACI Access Control Information 接入限制信息ACI Adjacent Channel Interference 相邻信道干扰ACI Asynchronous Communication Interface 异步通信接口ACIA Asynchronous Communication Interface Adapter 异步通信接口适配器ACL Access Control List 访问限制表ACL Advanced Communication Link 高级通信链路ACL Application Control Language 应用限制语言ACL Authorized Component List 授权成员表。

bios设置硬盘模式BIOSD硬盘模试主是要针对IDE接口的硬盘和SATA接口的硬盘来设置的。

以前的主板只支持一种类型。

现在的智能笔记本主板支持：IDE Mode、AHCI Mode。

下面我来介绍一下怎么设置Bios硬盘模式。

bios设置硬盘模式戴尔(DELL)：开机过程中不断按F2到BIOS，依次到Onboard Devices-------SATA Operation，在这里选ATA，按回车键后选YES。

然后按ESC键，然后选择Save/Exit后按回车。

宏碁(ACER)，易美迅(eMachines)，捷威(GATEWAY、奶牛)：开机按F2进BIOS，用键盘的右键选择MAIN，然后用下键选择到SATA mode，然后按一下回车键，然后选择IDE，然后按F10，再按一下回车键华硕(ASUS)：开机按F2进入BIOS，在Advanced-----IDE Configuration------SATA Operation Mode这里选Compatible，然后按F10再按回车。

惠普(HP)：HP 的新机器是图形版BIOS，用鼠标就可以操作。

开机按F10进入bios，在System Configuration------SATA Device Mode，在这里可以选AHCI或IDE，用鼠标就可以点击，选择为IDE，然后按左下角的“X”按钮，选YES。

或者是开机时按F10进入BIOS，把“Enable Native Sata Support”这一项设为disable ，按F10保存退出。

或者是开机时按F10进入BIOS，在System Configuration --------Device Configurations中找到SATA Native Mode，将它设置为Disabled ;按F10保存退出。

神舟：开机按F2到BIOS，在Advanced中把光标指向HDC Configure AS这一行，按回车键，选择IDE，按回车键，按F10，再按一下回车键。

AWK (Aho, Kernighan, and Weinberger) Summary Predefined Variable Summary:Support: Variable Description AWK NAWK GAWK FS Input F ield S eparator, a space by default. ÷÷÷OFS O utput F ield S eparator, a space by default. ÷÷÷NF The N umber of F ields in the current input record. ÷÷÷NR The total N umber of input R ecords seen so far. ÷÷÷RS R ecord S eparator, a newline by default. ÷÷÷ORS O utput R ecord S eparator, a newline by default. ÷÷÷FILENAMEThe name of the current input file. If no files are specified on the command line,the value of FILENAME is "-". However, FILENAME is undefined inside theBEGIN block (unless set by getline).÷÷÷ARGCThe number of command line arguments (does not include options to gawk, or theprogram source). Dynamically changing the contents of ARGV control the filesused for data.-÷÷ARGV Array of command line arguments. The array is indexed from 0 to ARGC - 1. -÷÷ARGIND The index in ARGV of the current file being processed. --÷BINMODEOn non-POSIX systems, specifies use of "binary" mode for all file I/O.Numeric values of 1, 2, or 3, specify that input files, output files, or all files,respectively, should use binary I/O. String values of "r", or "w" specify that inputfiles, or output files, respectively, should use binary I/O. String values of "rw" or"wr" specify that all files should use binary I/O. Any other string value is treated as"rw", but generates a warning message.--÷CONVFMT The CONVFMT variable is used to specify the format when converting a numberto a string. Default: "%.6g"--÷ENVIRON An array containing the values of the current environment. --÷ERRNOIf a system error occurs either doing a redirection for getline, during a read forgetline, or during a close(), then ERRNO will contain a string describing the error.The value is subject to translation in non-English locales.--÷FIELDWIDTHSA white-space separated list of fieldwidths. When set, gawk parses the input intofields of fixed width, instead of using the value of the FS variable as the fieldseparator.--÷FNR Contains number of lines read, but is reset for each file read. -÷÷IGNORECASEControls the case-sensitivity of all regular expression and string operations. IfIGNORECASE has a non-zero value, then string comparisons and patternmatching in rules, field splitting with FS, record separating with RS, regularexpression matching with ~ and !~, and the gensub(), gsub(), index(), match(),split(), and sub() built-in functions all ignore case when doing regular expressionoperations. NOTE: Array subscripting is not affected. However, the asort() andasorti() functions are affected.--÷LINT Provides dynamic control of the --lint option from within an AWK program. Whentrue, gawk prints lint warnings.--÷OFMT The default output format for numbers. Default: "%.6g" -÷÷PROCINFOThe elements of this array provide access to information about the running AWKprogram.PROCINFO["egid"] the value of the getegid(2) system call.PROCINFO["euid"] the value of the geteuid(2) system call.PROCINFO["FS"] "FS" if field splitting with FS is in effect,or "FIELDWIDTHS" if field splitting withFIELDWIDTHS is in effect.PROCINFO["gid"] the value of the getgid(2) system call.PROCINFO["pgrpid"] the process group ID of the current process.PROCINFO["pid"] the process ID of the current process.PROCINFO["ppid"] the parent process ID of the current process.PROCINFO["uid"] the value of the getuid(2) system call.--÷RT The record terminator. Gawk sets RT to the input text that matched the character orregular expression specified by RS.--÷RSTART The index of the first character matched by match(); 0 if no match. -÷÷RLENGTH The length of the string matched by match(); -1 if no match. -÷÷SUBSEP The character used to separate multiple subscripts in array elements.Default: "\034" (non-printable character, dec: 28, hex: 1C)-÷÷TEXTDOMAIN The text domain of the AWK program; used to find the localized translations for theprogram's strings.--÷Variable is supported: ÷Variable is not supported: -Command line argument summary:ArgumentDescription-F fs--field-sepearator fsUse fs for the input field separator (the value of the FS predefined variable).-v var =val --assign var =val Assign the value val to the variable var , before execution of the program begins. Such variable values are available to the BEGIN block of an AWK program.-f program-file --file program-fileRead the AWK program source from the file program-file, instead of from the first command line argument. Multiple -f (or --file) options may be used.-mf NNN -mr NNN Set various memory limits to the value NNN . The f flag sets the maximum number of fields, and the r flag sets the maximum record size. (Ignored by gawk , since gawk has no pre-defined limits) -W compat -W traditional --compat --traditional Run in compatibility mode. In compatibility mode, gawk behaves identically to UNIX awk ; none of the GNU-specific extensions are recognized.-W copyleft -W copyright --copyleft --copyrightPrint the short version of the GNU copyright information message on the standard output and exit successfully.-W dump-variables[=file ] --dump-variables[=file ]Print a sorted list of global variables, their types and final values to file . If no file is provided, gawk uses a file named awkvars.out in the current directory.-W help -W usage --help --usagePrint a relatively short summary of the available options on the standard output.-W lint[=value ] --lint[=value ] Provide warnings about constructs that are dubious or non-portable to other AWK impl’s. With argument fatal , lint warnings become fatal errors. With an optional argument of invalid , only warnings about things that are actually invalid are issued. (This is not fully implemented yet.) -W lint-old --lint-old Provide warnings about constructs that are not portable to the original version of Unix awk . -W gen-po --gen-poScan and parse the AWK program, and generate a GNU .po format file on standard output with entries for all localizable strings in the program. The program itself is not executed. -W non-decimal-data --non-decimal-dataRecognize octal and hexadecimal values in input data.-W posix --posixThis turns on compatibility mode, with the following additional restrictions: ! \x escape sequences are not recognized.! Only space and tab act as field separators when FS is set to a single space, new-line does not. ! You cannot continue lines after ? and :.! The synonym func for the keyword function is not recognized. ! The operators ** and **= cannot be used in place of ^ and ^=. ! The fflush() function is not available.-W profile[=prof_file ] --profile[=prof_file ]Send profiling data to prof_file . The default is awkprof.out. When run with gawk , the profile is just a "pretty printed" version of the program. When run with pgawk , the profile containsexecution counts of each statement in the program in the left margin and function call counts for each user-defined function.-W re-interval --re-interval Enable the use of interval expressions in regular expression matching. Interval expressions were not traditionally available in the AWK language.-W source program-text --source program-textUse program-text as AWK program source code. This option allows the easy intermixing of library functions (used via the -f and --file options) with source code entered on the command line.-W version --versionPrint version information for this particular copy of gawk on the standard output.--Signal the end of options. This is useful to allow further arguments to the AWK program itself to start with a "-". This is mainly for consistency with the argument parsing convention used by most other POSIX programs.Statements and Functions:I/O Statements Descriptionclose(file [, how]) Close file, pipe or co-process. The optional how should only be used when closing one end of a two-way pipe to a co-process. It must be a string value, either "to" or "from".getline Set $0 from next input record; set NF, NR, FNR. Returns 0 on EOF and –1 on an error. Upon anerror, ERRNO contains a string describing the problem.getline <file Set $0 from next record of file; set NF.getline var Set var from next input record; set NR, FNR.getline var <file Set var from next record of file.command | getline [var] Run command piping the output either into $0 or var, as above. If using a pipe or co-process togetline, or from print or printf within a loop, you must use close() to create new instancescommand |& getline [var] Run command as a co-process piping the output either into $0 or var, as above. Co-processes are agawk extension.next Stop processing the current input record. The next input record is read and processing starts over with the first pattern in the AWK program. If the end of the input data is reached, the END block(s), if any, are executed.nextfile Stop processing the current input file. The next input record read comes from the next input file. FILENAME and ARGIND are updated, FNR is reset to 1, and processing starts over with the first pattern in the AWK program. If the end of the input data is reached, the END block(s), are executed.print Prints the current record. The output record is terminated with the value of the ORS variable.print expr-list Prints expressions. Each expression is separated by the value of the OFS variable. The output recordis terminated with the value of the ORS variable.print expr-list >file Prints expressions on file. Each expression is separated by the value of the OFS variable. The outputrecord is terminated with the value of the ORS variable.printf fmt, expr-list Format and print.printf fmt, expr-list >file Format and print on file.system(cmd-line) Execute the command cmd-line, and return the exit status.fflush([file]) Flush any buffers associated with the open output file or pipe file. If file is missing, then stdout isflushed. If file is the null string, then all open output files and pipes have their buffers flushed. print ... >> file appends output to the file.print ... | command writes on a pipe.print ... |& command sends data to a co-process.Numeric Functions Descriptionatan2(y, x) Returns the arctangent of y/x in radians.cos(expr) Returns the cosine of expr, which is in radians.exp(expr) The exponential function.int(expr) Truncates to integer.log(expr) The natural logarithm function.rand() Returns a random number N, between 0 and 1, such that 0 <= N < 1.sin(expr) Returns the sine of expr, which is in radians.sqrt(expr) The square root function.srand([expr]) Uses expr as a new seed for the random number generator. If no expr is provided, the time of day isused. The return value is the previous seed for the random number generator.Bit Manipulations Functions Descriptionand(v1, v2) Return the bitwise AND of the values provided by v1 and v2.compl(val) Return the bitwise complement of val.lshift(val, count) Return the value of val, shifted left by count bits.or(v1, v2) Return the bitwise OR of the values provided by v1 and v2.rshift(val, count) Return the value of val, shifted right by count bits.xor(v1, v2) Return the bitwise XOR of the values provided by v1 and v2.I18N functionsbindtextdomain(directory [, domain])Specifies the directory where gawk looks for the .mo files. It returns the directory where domain is ``bound.'' The default domain is the value of TEXTDOMAIN. If directory is the null string (""), then bindtextdomain() returns the current binding for the given domain. dcgettext(string [, domain [, category]])Returns the translation of string in text domain domain for locale category category. The default value for domain is the current value of TEXTDOMAIN. The default value for category is "LC_MESSAGES". If you supply a value for category, it must be a string equal to one of the known locale categories. You must also supply a text domain. Use TEXTDOMAIN if you want to use the current domain. dcngettext(string1 , string2 , number [, domain [, category]])Returns the plural form used for number of the translation of string1 and string2 in text domain domain for locale category category. The default value for domain is the current value of TEXTDOMAIN. The default value for category is "LC_MESSAGES". If you supply a value for category, it must be a string equal to one of the known locale categories. You must also supply a text domain. Use TEXTDOMAIN if you want to use the current domain.String FunctionsDescriptionasort(s [, d ])Returns the number of elements in the source array s . The contents of s are sorted using gawk's normal rules for comparing values, and the indexes of the sorted values of s are replaced with sequential integers starting with 1. If the optional destination array d is specified, then s is first duplicated into d , and then d is sorted, leaving the indexes of the source array s unchanged.asorti(s [, d ])Returns the number of elements in the source array s . The behavior is the same as that of asort(), except that the array indices are used for sorting, not the array values. When done, the array isindexed numerically, and the values are those of the original indices. The original values are lost; thus provide a second array if you wish to preserve the original.gensub(r , s , h [, t ])Search the target string t for matches of the regular expression r . If h is a string beginning with g or G , then replace all matches of r with s . Otherwise, h is a number indicating which match of r toreplace. If tis not supplied, $0 is used instead. Within the replacement text s , the sequence \n , where n is a digit from 1 to 9, may be used to indicate just the text that matched the n 'th parenthesized subexpression. The sequence \0 represents the entire matched text, as does the character &. Unlike sub() and gsub(), the modified string is returned as the result of the function, and the original target string is not changed.gsub(r , s [, t ]) For each substring matching the regular expression r in the string t , substitute the string s , and return the number of substitutions. If t is not supplied, use $0. An & in the replacement text is replaced with the text that was actually matched. Use \& to get a literal &. (This must be typed as "\\&")index(s , t ) Returns the index of the string t in the string s , or 0 if t is not present. (This implies that character indices start at one.)length([s ])Returns the length of the string s , or the length of $0 if s is not supplied.match(s , r [, a ])Returns the position in s where the regular expression r occurs, or 0 if r is not present, and sets the values of RSTART and RLENGTH . Note that the argument order is the same as for the ~ operator: str ~ re. If array a is provided, a is cleared and then elements 1 through n are filled with the portions of s that match the corresponding parenthesized subexpression in r . The 0'th element of a contains the portion of s matched by the entire regular expression r . Subscripts a [n, "start"], and a [n, "length"] provide the starting index in the string and length respectively, of each matching substring.split(s , a [, r ])Splits the string s into the array a on the regular expression r , and returns the number of fields. If r is omitted, FS is used instead. The array a is cleared first. Splitting behaves identically to field splitting. sprintf(fmt , expr-list ) Prints expr-list according to fmt , and returns the resulting string.strtonum(str ) Examines str , and returns its numeric value. If str begins with a leading 0, strtonum() assumes that str is an octal number. If str begins with a leading 0x or 0X, strtonum() assumes that str is a hexadecimal number.sub(r , s [, t ]) Just like gsub(), but only the first matching substring is replaced.substr(s , i [, n ]) Returns the at most n -character substring of s starting at i . If n is omitted, the rest of s is used. tolower(str ) Returns a copy of the string str , with all the upper-case characters in str translated to their corresponding lower-case counterparts. Non-alphabetic characters are left unchanged. toupper(str )Returns a copy of the string str , with all the lower-case characters in str translated to their corresponding upper-case counterparts. Non-alphabetic characters are left unchanged.。

专业音频术语中英文对照 A AAC automatic ampltiude control 自动幅度控制 AB AB制立体声录音法Abeyancd 暂停,潜态 A-B repeat A-B重复ABS absolute 绝对的,完全的,绝对时间 ABS american bureau of standard 美国标准局ABSS auto blank secrion scanning 自动磁带空白部分扫描 Abstime 绝对运行时间audio defeat 音频降噪,噪声抑制,伴音静噪 ADJ adjective 附属的,附件ADJ Adjust 调节 ADJ acoustic delay line 声延迟线Admission 允许进入,供给 ADP acoustic data processor 音响数据处理机ADPT adapter 延配器,转接器 ADRES automatic dynamic range expansion system动态范围扩展系统 ADRM analog to digital remaster模拟录音、数字处理数码唱盘 ADS audio distribution system 音频分配系统audio dubbing 配音,音频复制,后期录音 ADV advance 送入,提升,前置量ADV adversum 对抗 ADV advancer 相位超前补偿器Adventure 惊险效果 AE audio erasing 音频声音擦除AE auxiliary equipment 辅助设备 Aerial 天线AES audio engineering society 美国声频工程协会 AF audio fidelity 音频保真度AF audio frequency 音频频率 AFC active field control 自动频率控制AFC automatic frequency control 声场控制 Affricate 塞擦音AFL aside fade listen 衰减后推子后监听 A-fader 音频衰减AFM advance frequency modulation 高级调频 AFS acoustic feedback speaker 声反馈扬声器AFT automatic fine tuning 自动微调 AFTAAS advanced fast time acoustic analysis system高级快速音响分析系统 After 转移部分文件Afterglow 余辉,夕照时分音响效果 Against 以……为背景AGC automatic gain control 自动增益控制 AHD audio high density 音频高密度唱片系统AI advanced integrated 预汇流 AI amplifier input 放大器输入AI artificial intelligence 人工智能 AI azimuth indicator 方位指示器A-IN 音频输入 A-INSEL audio input selection 音频输入选择Alarm 警报器 ALC automatic level control 自动电平控制ALC automatic load control自动负载控制 Alford loop 爱福特环形天线Algorithm 演示 Aliasing 量化噪声,频谱混叠Aliasing distortion 折叠失真 Align alignment 校正,补偿,微调,匹配Al-Si-Fe alloy head 铁硅铝合金磁头 Allegretto 小快板,稍快地Allegro 快板,迅速地 Allocation 配置,定位All rating 全音域 ALM audio level meter 音频电平表ALT alternating 震荡,交替的 ALT alternator 交流发电机ALT altertue 转路 ALT-CH alternate channel 转换通道,交替声道Alter 转换,交流电,变换器 AM amperemeter 安培计,电流表AM amplitude modulation 调幅广播 AM auxiliary memory 辅助存储器Ambience 临场感,环绕感 ABTD automatic bulk tape degausser 磁带自动整体去磁电路 Ambient 环境的Ambiophonic system 环绕声系统 Ambiophony 现场混响,环境立体声AMLS automatic music locate system 自动音乐定位系统AMP ampere 安培 AMP amplifier 放大器AMPL amplification 放大 AMP amplitude 幅度,距离Amorphous head 非晶态磁头 Abort 终止,停止录制或播放A-B TEST AB比较试听 Absorber 减震器Absorption 声音被物体吸收 ABX acoustic bass extension 低音扩展AC accumulator 充电电池 AC adjustment caliration 调节-校准AC alternating current 交流电,交流 AC audio coding 数码声,音频编码AC audio center 音频中心 AC azimuth comprator 方位比较器AC-3 杜比数码环绕声系统 AC-3 RF 杜比数码环绕声数据流接口ACC Acceleration 加速 Accel 渐快,加速Accent 重音,声调 Accentuator 预加重电路Access 存取,进入,增加,通路 Accessory 附件接口,配件Acryl 丙基酰基 Accompaniment 伴奏,合奏,伴随Accord 和谐,调和 Accordion 手风琴ACD automatic call distributor 自动呼叫分配器 ACE audio control erasing 音频控制消磁A-Channel A左声道 Acoumeter 测听计Acoustical 声的,声音的 Acoustic coloring 声染色Acoustic image 声像 Across 交叉,并行,跨接Across frequency 交叉频率,分频频率 ACST access time 存取时间Active 主动的,有源的,有效的,运行的 Active crossover 主动分频,电子分频,有源分频Active loudsperker 有源音箱 Armstrong MOD 阿姆斯特朗调制ARP azimuth reference pulse 方位基准脉冲 Arpeggio 琶音Articulation 声音清晰度,发音 Artificial 仿……的,人工的,手动控制 AAD active acou stic devide 有源声学软件 ABC auto base and chord 自动低音合弦Architectural acoustic s 建筑声学 Arm motor 唱臂唱机 Arpeggio single 琶音和弦,分解和弦 ARL aerial 天线 ASC automatic sensitivity control 自动灵敏度控制 ASGN Assign 分配,指定,设定 ASP audio signal processing 音频信号处理ASS assembly 组件,装配,总成 ASSEM assemble 汇编,剪辑ASSEM Assembly 组件,装配,总成 Assign 指定,转发,分配Assist 辅助装置 ASSY accessory 组件,附件 AST active servo techonology 有源伺服技术A Tempo 回到原速 Astigmatism methord 象散法专业音频术语中英文对照 BB band 频带 B Bit 比特,存储单元B Button 按钮 Babble 多路感应的复杂失真BZ buzzer 蜂音器 Back clamping 反向钳位Back drop 交流哼声,干扰声 Background noise 背景噪声,本底噪声Backing copy 副版 Backoff 倒扣,补偿Back tracking 补录 Back up 磁带备份,支持,预备Backward 快倒搜索 Baffle box 音箱BAL balance 平衡,立体声左右声道音量比例,平衡连接 Balanced 已平衡的Balancing 调零装置,补偿,中和 Balun 平衡=不平衡转换器Banana jack 香蕉插头 Banana bin 香蕉插座Banana pin 香蕉插头 Banana plug 香蕉插头Band 频段, Band pass 带通滤波器Bandwidth 频带宽,误差,范围 Band 存储单元Bar 小节,拉杆 BAR barye 微巴Bargraph 线条 Barrier 绝缘套Base 低音 Bass 低音,倍司低音提琴Bass tube 低音号,大号 Bassy 低音加重BATT battery 电池 Baud 波特信息传输速率的单位Bazooka 导线平衡转接器 BB base band 基带BBD Bucket brigade device 戽链器件效果器 B BAT Battery 电池BBE 特指BBE公司设计的改善较高次谐波校正程度的系统 BC balanced current 平衡电流BC Broadcast control 广播控制 BCH band chorus 分频段合唱BCST broadcast 无线电广播 BD board 仪表板Beat 拍,脉动信号 Beat cancel switch 差拍干扰消除开关Bel 贝尔 Below 下列,向下Bench 工作台 Bend 弯曲,滑音Bender 滑音器 BER bit error rate 信息差错率BF back feed 反馈 BF Backfeed flanger 反馈镶边BF Band filter 带通滤波器BGM background music 背景音乐 Bias 偏置,偏磁,偏压,既定程序Bidirectional 双向性的,8字型指向的 Bifess Bi-feedback sound system 双反馈系统Big bottom 低音扩展,加重低音 Bin 接收器,仓室BNG BNC连接器插头、插座,卡口同轴电缆连接器 Binaural effect 双耳效应,立体声Binaural synthesis 双耳合成法 Bin go 意外现象Bit binary digit 字节,二进制数字,位 Bitstream 数码流,比特流Bit yield 存储单元 Bi-AMP 双通道功放系统Bi-wire 双线传输、分音 Bi-Wring 双线BK break 停顿,间断 BKR breaker 断电器Blamp 两路电子分音 Blanking 关闭,消隐,断路Blaster 爆裂效果器 Blend 融合度、调和、混合Block 分程序,联动,中断 Block Repeat 分段重复Block up 阻塞 Bloop 磁带的接头噪声,消音贴片BNC bayonet connector 卡口电缆连接器 Body mike 小型话筒Bond 接头,连接器 Bongo 双鼓Boom 混响,轰鸣声 Boomy 嗡嗡声指低音过强Boost 提升一般指低音,放大,增强 Booth 控制室,录音棚Bootstrap 辅助程序,自举电路Bond 接头,连接器 Bongo 双鼓Boom 混响,轰鸣声 Boomy 嗡嗡声指低音过强Boost 提升一般指低音,放大,增强 Booth 控制室,录音棚Bootstrap 辅助程序,自举电路 Bottoming 底部切除,末端切除Bounce 合并 Bourclon 单调低音Bowl 碗状体育场效果 BP bridge bypass 电桥旁路BY bypass 旁通 BPC basic pulse generator 基准脉冲发生器BPF band pass filter 带通滤波器 Both sides play disc stereo system双面演奏式唱片立体声系统 Bottoming 底部切除,末端切除Bounce 合并 Bourclon 单调低音Bowl 碗状体育场效果 BP bridge bypass 电桥旁路BY bypass 旁通 BPC basic pulse generator 基准脉冲发生器BPF band pass filter 带通滤波器 BPS band pitch shift 分频段变调节器BNC bayonet connector 卡口电缆连接器 Body mike 小型话筒 BPS band pitch shift 分频段变调节器 BR bregister 变址寄存器BR Bridge 电桥 Break 中止程序,减弱Breathing 喘息效应 base resolve 基本解析度 Bridge 桥接,电桥,桥,乐曲的变奏过渡 Bright 明亮感Brightness 明亮度,指中高音听音感觉 Brilliance 响亮 BRKRS breakers 断路器Broadcast 广播 BTB bass tuba 低音大喇叭 BT L balanced transformer-less 桥式推挽放大电路 BTM bottom 最小,低音BU backup nuit 备用器件Bumper 减震器Bus 母线,总线 Busbar 母线Buss 母线 Busy 占线 BUT button 按钮,旋钮 BW band width 频带宽度,带度 BYP bypass 旁路 By path 旁路专业音频术语中英文对照 C Can 监听耳机,带盒CANCL cancel 删除 CANCL Cancelling 消除Cancel 取消 Cannon 卡侬接口Canon 规则 Cap 电容Capacitance Mic 电容话筒 Capacity 功率,电容量 CAR carrier 载波,支座,鸡心夹头Card 程序单,插件板Cardioid 心型的 CATV cable television 有线电视 Crispn ess 脆声 Category 种类,类型 Cartridge 软件卡,拾音头 Ca rrkioid 心型话筒 Carrier 载波器 Cart 转运 Cartridge 盒式存储器,盒式磁带 Cascade 串联Cassette 卡式的,盒式的 CAV constant angular velocit y 恒角速度 Caution 报警CBR circuit board rack 电路板架CC contour correction 轮廓校正 CCD charge coupled device 电荷耦合器件CD compact disc 激光唱片 CDA current dumping amplifier 电流放大器 C D-E compact disc erasable 可抹式激光唱片 CDG compact-disc plus graphic 带有静止图像的CD唱盘CDV comp act disc with video 密纹声像唱片 CE ceramic 陶瓷Clock enable 时钟启动 Cell 电池,元件,单元 Cellar club 地下俱乐部效果 Cello 大提琴 CENELEC connector 欧洲标准21脚AV连接器Cent 音分 Central earth 中心接地 CES consumer electronic sh ow 美国消费电子产品展览会 CF center frequency 中心频率 Cross fade 软切换 CH channel 声道,通道 Chain 传输链,信道Chain play 连续演奏 Chamber 密音音响效果,消声室CHAN channel 通道 Change 交换Chapter 曲目Chaper skip 跳节CHAE character 字符,符号Characteristic curve 特性曲线Charge 充电 Charger 充电器 Cha se 跟踪Check 校验 CHC charge 充电 CH - off 通道切断 Choke 合唱 Choose 选择Chromatic 色彩,半音Church 教堂音响效果CI cut in 切入CIC cross interleave code 交叉隔行编码CIRC circulate 循环 Circuit 电路CL cancel 取消 Classic 古典的 Clean 净化 CLR clear 归零 Click 嘀哒声 Clip 削波,限幅,接线柱 CLK clock 时钟信号 Close 关闭,停止CLS 控制室监听 Cluster 音箱阵效果 CLV ceiling limit value 上限值 CMP compact 压缩 CMPT compatibility 兼容性CMRR common mode rejection ratio 共模抑制比CNT count 记数,记数器CNTRL central 中心,中央 CO carry out 定位输出Coarse 粗调Coax 同轴电缆 Coaxial 数码同轴接口Code 码,编码 Coefficient 系数 Co incident 多信号同步 Cold 冷的,单薄的 Co lor 染色效果COM comb 梳状滤波 COMB combination 组合音色 COMBI combination 组合,混合 COMBO combination 配合,组合Combi ning 集合,结合 COMM communication 换向的,切换装置 Command 指令,操作,信号 COMMON 公共的,公共地端 Communieation speed 通讯速度选择 COMP comparator 比较器 COMP compensate 补偿Compact 压缩 Compander 压缩扩展器Compare 比拟 Compatibility 兼容Compensate 补偿 Complex 全套设备Copmoser 创意者,作曲者Compressor 压缩器 CO N concentric cable 同轴电缆COMP-EXP 压扩器 Com promise 频率平衡Computer 计算机, 电脑Concentric 同轴的,同心的 CON console 操纵台 CON controller 控制器 Co ncert 音乐厅效果 Condenser Microphone 电容话筒 Cone type 锥形扬声器 CONFIG 布局,线路接法 Connect 连接,联络CORR correct 校正,补偿,抵消 Configuration 线路布局Confirmation 确认 Consent 万能插座Console 调音台 Consonant 辅音Constant 常数 CONT continuous 连续的音色特性 CONT control 控制,操纵 Contact 接触器 Cont ent 内容 Continue 连续,继续 Continue button 两录音卡座连续放音键Contour 外形,轮廓,保持 Contra 次八度 Contrast 对比度 CONV convert 变换Contribution 分配 Controlled 可控的Controller 控制器CONV conventional 常规的 CONV convertible 可转换的Copy 复制 Correlation meter 相关表Coupler 耦合 Cover 补偿Coverage 有效范围 CP clock pulse 时钟脉冲 CP control program 控制程序 CPU 中央处理器 C reate 建立,创造CR card reader 卡片阅读机 CRC cyclic redundancy check 循环冗余校验Crescendo 渐强或渐弱 Crispness 清脆感 CRM control room 控制室 CROM control read only memory 控制只读存储器 Crossfader 交叉渐变器 Cross-MOD 交叉调制 Crossover 分频器,换向,切断 Cross talk 声道串扰,串音Crunch 摩擦音CU counting unit 计数单元C/S cycle/second 周/秒CSS content scrambling system 内容加密系统 CST case style tape 盒式磁带 CT current 电流CTM close talking microphone 近讲话筒 Cue 提示,选听Cue clock 故障计时钟 Cueing 提示,指出Cursor 指示器,光标 Curve 特性曲线 Custom 常规 CUT 切去,硬切换 early warning 预警专业音频术语中英文对照D E earth 真地,接地E error 错误,差错故障显示EA earth 地线,真地EAR early 早期反射声Earphone 耳机Earth terminal 接地端 EASE electro-acooustic simulators for engineers Eat 收取信号工程师用电声模拟器,计算机电声与声学设计软件EBU european broadcasting union 欧洲广播联盟EC error correction 误差校正ECD electrochomeric display 电致变色显示器Echo 回声,回声效果,混响 ECL extension zcompact limitter 扩展压缩限制器Edge tone 边棱音ECM electret condenser microphone 驻极体话筒Edit 编辑 ECSL equivalent continuous sound level 等级连续声级 ECT electronec controlled transmission 电控传输 ED edit editor 编辑,编辑器 EDTV enhanced definition television 增强清晰度电视一种可兼容高清晰度电视 E-DRAW erasable direct after write 可存可抹读写存储器 EE errors excepted 允许误差 EFF effect efficiency 效果,作用 Effect or 操纵装置,效果器 Effects generator 效果发生器 EFM 8/14位调制法 EFX effect 效果 EG envelope generator 包络发生器 EI A electronec industries association 美国电子工业协会 EIAJ electronic industries association Japan 日本电子工业协会 EIN einstein 量子摩尔能量单位 EIN equivalent input noise 等效输入噪声EIO error in operation 操作码错误Eject 弹起舱门,取出磁带光盘,出盒 EL electro lum inescence 场致发光 ELAC electroacoustic 电声器件 ELEC electret 驻极体 Electret condenser microphone 驻极体话筒 ELF extremely low frequency 极低频 ELEC electronec 电子的 Electroacoustics 电声学 EMI electro mag netic interference 电磁干扰 Emission 发射 EMP emphasispo 加重EMP empty 空载 Emphasis 加重EMS emergency switch 紧急开关 Emulator 模拟器,仿真设备EN enabling 启动 Enable 赋能,撤消禁止指令Encoding 编码End 末端,结束,终止 Ending 终端,端接法,镶边 ENG engineering 工程 Engine 运行,使用 ENG land 工程接地 Enhance 增强,提高,提升ENS ensemble 合奏 ENS envelope sensation 群感 Envelopment 环绕感EQ equalizer 均衡器,均衡 EQ equalization 均衡 EQL equalization 均衡EOP end of pr ogram 程序结束EOP end output 末端输出 EOT end of tape 磁带尾端 EP extend playing record 多曲目唱片EP extended play 长时间放录,密录 EPG edit pulse generator 编辑脉冲发生器 EPS emergency power supply 应急电源Equal-loudness contour 等响曲线 Equipped 准备好的,已装备Equitonic 全音 Equivalence 等效值 E R erect 设置 ER error 错误,误差 ERA earphone 耳机 Eraser 抹去,消除 Erasing 擦除,清洗 Erasure 抹音 Er ase 消除,消 Er early 早期的ERCD extended resolution CD 扩展解析度CD EREQ erect equalizer 均衡器频点位置点频补偿电路的中点频率调整 ERF early reflection 早期反射声 Ernumber 早期反射声量 Error 错误,出错,不正确 ES earth swith 接地开关 ES electrical stimulation 点激励 Escqpe 退出 ETER eternity 无限 Euros cart 欧洲标准21脚AV连接器Event 事件 EVF envelope follower 包络跟随器音响合成装置功能单元EX excite r 激励器EX exchange 交换 EX expanding 扩展 EXB expanded bass 低音增强 EXC exciter 激励器 EXCH excha nge 转换 Exclusive 专用的 Excursion 偏移,偏转,漂移,振幅 EXP expender 扩展器,动态扩展器 EXP export 输出 Exponential horn tweeter 指数型高音号角扬声器 Expression pedal 表达踏板用于控制乐器或效果器的脚踏装置EXT extend 扩展 EXT exterior 外接的设备EXT external 外部的,外接的 EXT extra 超过 EXTN extension 扩展,延伸程控装置功能单元 Extract 轨道提出 EXTSN extension 扩展,延伸程控装置功能单元专业音频术语中英文对照 K-MK key 按键Karaoke 卡拉OK,无人伴奏乐队KB key board 键盘,按钮Kerr 克耳效应,可读写光盘磁光效应Key 键,按键,声调Keyboard 键盘,按钮Key control 键控,变调控制Keyed 键控Key EQ 音调均衡kHz Kiloherts 千赫兹Kikll 清除,消去,抑制,衰减,断开Killer 抑制器,断路器Kit 设定Knee 压限器拐点Knob 按钮,旋钮,调节器KP key pulse 键控脉冲KTV karaoke TV 拌唱电视节目KX key 键控Lesion 故障,损害Leslie 列斯利一种调相效果处理方式LEV level 电平LEVCON level control 电平控制Level 电平,水平,级LF low frequency 低频,低音LFB local feedback 本机反馈,局部反馈LFE lowfrequency response 低频响应LFO low frequency oscillation 低频振荡信号LGD long delay 长延时LH low high 低噪声高输出LH low noise high output 低噪声高输出磁带large hall 大厅效果Lift 提升一种提升地电位的装置Lift up 升起Labial 唇音L left 左立体声系统的左声道L line 线路L link 链路L long 长时间LA laser 激光镭射Lag 延迟,滞后Lamp 灯,照明灯Land 光盘螺旋道的肩,接地,真地Lap dissolve 慢转换Lapping SW 通断开关Large 大,大型Large hall 大厅混响Larigot 六倍音Lase r 激光镭射Latency 空转,待机Launching 激励,发射Layer 层叠控制,多音色同步控制LCD liquid crystal disp lay 液晶显示LCR left center right 左中右LD laser vision disc 激光视盘,影碟机LD load 负载LDP input 影碟输入LDTV low definition television低分辨率数字电视LCD projictor 液晶投影机Lead 通道,前置,输入L ead-in 引入线Leak 漏泄Learn 学习LED light emitting deivce 发光辐射器,发光器件M main 主信道M master 主控M memory 存储器M mix 混频M moderate 适中的M music 音乐Mac manchester auto code 曼切斯特自动码MADI musical audio digital interface 音频数字接口Main 主要的,主线,主通道,电源MAG magnet 磁铁Magneti c tape 磁带Magnetic type recorder 磁带录音机Main 电源,主要的Major chord 大三和弦Make 接通,闭合Make up 接通,选配Male 插头,插件MAN manual 手动的,手控Manifold technology 音箱多歧管技术Manipulate 操作,键控MANP 手动穿插Manual 手动的,人工的,手册,说明书 March 进行曲Margin 电平余量Mark 标志,符号,标记Ma sh 压低,碾碎Masking 掩蔽Master 总音量控制,调音台,主盘,标准的,主的,总路MAR Matrix 矩阵,调音台矩阵M,编组Match 匹配,适配,配对Matrix quad system 矩阵四声道立体声系统MAX maximum 最大,最大值MB megabytes 兆字节Mb/s megabytes per second 兆字节/秒MC manual control 手控,手动控制MCH multiple chorus 多路合唱MCR multiple cjhannel amplification reverberation多路混响增强MD mini disc 光磁盘唱机,小型录放唱盘MD moving coil 动圈式MDL modulation delay 调制延时MEAS measure 测量,范围,测试Measure 乐曲的,小节Me as edit 小结编辑MECH mechanism 机械装置MED medium 适中,中间挡位Medley 混合Mega bass 超重低音MEM me mory 存储器,存储,记忆Member 部件,成员Menu 菜单,目录,表格MEQ mono equalizer 单声道均衡器Merge 合并,汇总,融合Meridian 顶点的,峰值Measure 小结Megaphone 喇叭筒Mel 美音调单位Menu 菜单,节目表Message 通信,联系Metal 金属效果声Metal tape 金属磁带Meter 电平表,表头,仪表 Metronome 节拍器MF matched filter 匹配滤波器MF maveform 波形MF middle frequency 中频,中音MFL multiple flange 多层法兰镶边效果MFT mul tiplprogramming with a fixed number of tasks任务数量固定的多通道程序设计MIC micro 微米MIC microphon e 话筒,麦克风,传声器Michcho level 话筒混响电平Micro monitor amp 微音监听放大器MICROVERB microcomput er reverb 微处理机混响MID middle 中间的,中部的,中音,中频MIDI music instrument digital interface电子乐器数字接口MIN minimum 最小,最小值MIN minute 分钟MIND master integrated network device一体化网络总装置Minitrim 微调Minitrue 微机调整Minor chord 小三和弦Mismatch 失配Mistermination 终端失配MIX 混合,音量比例调节Mixer 调音台,混音器MM moving magnet 动磁式MNTR monitor 监控器MNOS metallic nitrogen - oxide semiconductor金属氮氧化物半导体MO magneto optical 可抹可录型光盘MOC magnet oscillator circuit 主振荡电路MOD mode 状态,方式,模式MOD model 型号,样式,模型,典型的MOD modulation 调制Mode 状态,乐曲的调式Mode select 方式选择Mush 噪声干扰,分谐波Mush area 不良接收区Music 音乐,乐曲Music center 音乐中心,组合音响Music conductor 音乐控制器MUT mute 静音,哑音,噪声控制Muting 抑制,消除Multiple 复合的,多项的,多重的MV mean value 平均值MV multivibrator 多谐振荡器MW medium wave 中波MXE mono exciter 单声道激励器MXR mixer 混频器专业音频术语中英文对照M-P N normal 正常,普通,标准N negative 阴极,负极ohm 欧姆电阻的单位Oboe 双簧管O/C open circuit 开路OCK operation control key 操作控制键OCL output capacitorless 无输出电容功率放大器OCL output control line 输出控制线OCT octave 倍频程,八度音OD operations directive 操作指示OD optical density 光密度OD over drive 过激励OFC office 职能OFC oxygen-free cupreous 无氧铜导线Off 关闭,断开Offering 填入,提供Offset 移相补偿,修饰,偏置OFHC oxygen free high conductivity copper高导电率无氧铜导线Ohm 欧姆OK 确认OL on line 在线,连机OL over load 过载Omnidirectional 无方向性的On 开,接通Once 一次,单次One-way relay play 单向替换放音Online 联机,联线Only 仅仅,只On-mike 正在送话,靠近话筒One touch 单触连接OP output 信号输出OP over pressure 过压Open 打开,开启Opera 歌剧Operate 操作,运转Operation 操作,运转Operator 操纵器,合成器算子Optical 数码光缆接口Optical master 激光器Option 选型,选择Optimum 最佳状态OPTOISO optoisolator 光隔离器Or 或,或者ORC optimum recording current 磁头最佳记录电流Orchestra 管弦乐器Organ 风琴,元件 Original 原程序,初始化OSC oscillator 振荡器,试机信号一千赫兹OSC oscillograph 示波器OSS optimal stereo signal 最佳立体声信号OTL 无输出变压器功率放大器OTR one-touch time recording 单触式定时录像OTR operation temperature range 工作温度范围OTR overload time relay 过载限时继电器OUT output 输出Outage 中断Out-burst 脉冲,闪光,闪亮Outcome 结果,输出,开始Out let 输出端子,引出线Outline 轮廓线Out phase 反向OVDB 重叠录音Overall 轮廓,总体上Overcut 过调制Over drive 过激励Overdubs 叠录Overflow 信号过强Overhang 激励器低音延伸调节Overhearing 串音OVLD over lode 过载,超负荷Over sampling 过取样Overtone 泛音OVWR overwrite 覆盖式录音Proximity effect 近距离效果Prwsnt 突出感PS position 位置,状态PSC program switching center 节目切换中心PSL phase sequence logic 相位顺序逻辑PSM peak selector memory 峰值选择存储器PSM phase shifter module 移相模件PSM pitch shift modulation 交频调制PST posterrior 后面PST preset 预置PSU power supply 供电Psychological acoustics 心理声学PT power transformer 电源变压器PT portable 便携式PT pulse timer 脉冲计时器PTD pan turnout piece delay 声像分支延时PTE private 专用的PTN pattern 模式,样式PTN procedure turn 程序变化PU pickup 拾音PU power unit 电源设备Pull 拉,趋向Pull-in 接通,引入Pumping 抽气效应PWR power 电源,功率P-P peak-Peak 峰-峰值PPD pingpong delay 乒乓延时PPG programme pulse generator 脉冲程序发生器PPI peak program indicator 峰值显示器PPI programmable peripheral interface 程序外部接口PPL peak program level 峰值音量电平PPM peak program meter 峰值节目表,峰值音量表PPM pulse phase modulation 脉冲相位调制Pr power rate 功率比PR program register 程序寄存器PRC precision 精确,精细,精密度Pre 前置,预备,之前Pre-delay 预延迟PREAMP preamplifier 前置放大器Preselection 预选Presence 临场效果,现场感Preserve 保存,维持Preset 预置,预调Press 按,压Previous 向前,前位的PRM parameter 参量PRO professional 专业的Process 处理,加工PROCR processor 处理器PROG program 程序,基本音色Prosody 韵律POSTF 后置万分Power 电源,功率Power amplifier 功率放大器Power dump 切断电源Power out 功率输出Piower supply 电源供给PP peak power 峰值功率P plug 插头P positive 正极P pulse 脉冲P power 功率PA preamplifier 前置放大器PA public address 扩声Pace 步速,级数Packed cell 积层电池Packing 图像压缩P-I-P picture in picture 画中画PAD 定值衰减,衰减器,打击乐大按键的鼓垫Padding 统调,使……平直Paddle 开关,门电路Page 一面,存储器页面地址,寻找Pair 立体声配对,比较PAL phas e alternation line 逐行倒相彩色电视制式PAM pulse amplitude modulation 脉幅调制PAM pole amplitude mo dulation 极点调幅Pan panorama 声像调节,定位,全景Panel 面板,操纵板,配电盘Panotrope 电唱机Paper cone 纸盆Parallel 并联,平衡PARPARAM parameter 参数,参量,系数Parametric 参量的Part 声部数,部分Partial to ne 分音,泛音PAS public address system 扩声系统PASC precision adaptive subband coding精密自适应分段编码Pass 通过Passive 被动,被动分频,功率分频Paste 粘贴PAT pattern 模仿,型号,图谱特性曲线Patch 临时,插接线,用连接电缆插入Patch bay 配电盘Patch board 插线板Path 信号通路Pattern 样式,方式,样板Pause 暂停,间歇,停顿PB playback 播放,重放PB push button 按钮开关PBASS proper bass active supply system最佳低音重放系统PBC play back control 重放控制,回放控制PC perceptual coding 感觉编码PC program control 程序控制PCB printed circuit board 印刷线路板PCC phase correlation cardioid microphone相位相关心形话筒PCM precision capacitor microphone 精密电容话筒PD power divider 功率分配器PD power doubler 功率倍增器PD program directive 程序指令PDS programmable data system 程序可控系统PE program execution 程序执行Peak 峰值,削波灯Peak and dip 峰式频率欧洲标准21脚AV接口Pedal 踏板PEM pulse edge molulation 脉冲边缘调制Pentatonic 五声调式PEQ parameter equalizer 参量均衡器PERC percussion 打击乐器PERCUS 打击乐器Performance 施行,表演,表现,演出Permutator 转换开关,变换器Perspective 立体感Perform 执行,完成,施行PFL per fader louder speaker 衰减前监听,预监听PG pulse generator 脉冲发生器PGM program 节目,程序PH phase 相位PHA phase 相位Phantom 幻像电源,幻象供电Phase 相位,状态Phase REV 倒相电路Phaser 移相器Phasing 相位校正,移相效果Phon 方响度单位Phone 耳机,耳机插口Phoneme 音素Phonophonograph 唱机PHS phaser 移相器Physiological acoustics 生理声学PI phase inversion 倒相PIA peripheral interface adapte r 外围接口适配器Pianotron 电子钢琴Piano 钢琴Piano whine 钢琴鸣声Pilot 指示器,调节器Pilot jack 监听插孔 Pin 针型插口,不平衡音频插口Pink noise 粉红噪声Pipe 管,笛Pitch 音高,音调Pitch shifter 变调器,移频器PK peak 削波灯,峰值PL phase lock 相位锁定,锁相PL pilot lamp 指示灯PL pre listen 预监听,衰减前监听Placement 连接方式Plate 金属板效果,板混响器Play 播放,重放,弹奏Playback 播放Player 唱机,放音器P lug 插头Plunge 切入Pop filter 噗声滤除器Pops 流行音乐,流行音乐音响效果。

cpu指令集有多少种你知道电脑cpu的指令集有多少种吗?小编来像你介绍!下面由店铺给你做出详细的cpu指令集介绍!希望对你有帮助!cpu指令集介绍一(1)CISC指令集CISC指令集，也称为复杂指令集，英文名是CISC，(Complex Instruction Set Computer的缩写)。

在CISC微处理器中，程序的各条指令是按顺序串行执行的，每条指令中的各个操作也是按顺序串行执行的。

顺序执行的优点是控制简单，但计算机各部分的利用率不高，执行速度慢。

其实它是英特尔生产的x86系列(也就是IA-32架构)CPU 及其兼容CPU，如AMD、VIA的。

即使是现在新起的X86-64(也被成AMD64)都是属于CISC的范畴。

要知道什么是指令集还要从当今的X86架构的CPU说起。

X86指令集是Intel为其第一块16位CPU(i8086)专门开发的，IBM1981年推出的世界第一台PC机中的CPU—i8088(i8086简化版)使用的也是X86指令，同时电脑中为提高浮点数据处理能力而增加了X87芯片，以后就将X86指令集和X87指令集统称为X86指令集。

虽然随着CPU技术的不断发展，Intel陆续研制出更新型的i80386、i80486直到过去的PII至强、PIII至强、Pentium 3，最后到今天的Pentium 4系列、至强(不包括至强Nocona)，但为了保证电脑能继续运行以往开发的各类应用程序以保护和继承丰富的软件资源，所以Intel公司所生产的所有CPU仍然继续使用X86指令集，所以它的CPU仍属于X86系列。

由于Intel X86系列及其兼容CPU(如AMD Athlon MP、)都使用X86指令集，所以就形成了今天庞大的X86系列及兼容CPU阵容。

x86CPU目前主要有intel的服务器CPU和AMD 的服务器CPU两类。

(2)RISC指令集RISC是英文“Reduced Instruction Set Computing ” 的缩写，中文意思是“精简指令集”。