高中英语(人教版 选修7)Unit 2 Section_Ⅳ Grammar_-_Writing
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Book 7Unit 2Robots Period Four Grammar (I)编者:孔庆华导学目标掌握并能运用被动语态。
自主合作探究I.被动语态的构成①—The window is dirty.—I know.It hasn’t been cleaned for weeks.②It is hoped that such things would not happen again.③The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit’s and vegetables.如果人们被说服了吃更多的水果和蔬菜,那么死于心脏病的人数将大大减少。
时体现在过去将来过去将来一般is/am/aredonewas/were done will/shall be done would/should be done 进行is/am/arebeing donewas/were being done ——完成have/has beendone had been done will/shall havebeen done would/should havebeen done 注意:“get+过去分词”表示被动。
④More and more people are getting attacked in the underground these days.近来,越来越多的人在地铁里遭到袭击。
1).(2014·天津高考)We won’t start the work until all the preparations _____________(make).2).(2014·大纲卷)Unless some extra money_________________(find),the theatre will close.3).(2013·北京高考)—So what is the procedure?—All the applicants ___________(interview)before a final decision is made by the authority.II.主动表示被动的用法①His plan proved (to be)practical.他的计划被证明符合实际。
Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language[原文呈现][读文清障]A BIOGRAPHY①OF ISAAC ASIMOVIsaac Asimov was an American scientist and writer who wrote around 480 books that included mystery stories, science and history books, and even books about the Holy② Bible and Shakespeare③. But he is best known for④his science fiction stories. Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination⑤that gave him the ability to explore⑥future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for⑦explanations of everything, in the present and the past.Asimov's life began in Russia, where he was born on 2 January, 1920⑧. It ended in New York on 6 April, 1992, when he died as a result of⑨an HIV infection that he had got from a blood transfusion⑩ nine years earlier. ①biography/baI'ɒɡrəfI/n.(由他人撰写的)传记;传记文学②holy/'həʊlI/adj.神的;上帝的;圣洁的③定语从句who wrote around 480 books that included ...修饰an American scientist and writer。
Unit2 单元教材分析本单元以机器人和科幻小说为话题,介绍了20世纪世界知名的科幻小说家Isaac Asimov发表于1951年的Satisfaction Guaranteed 和他的生平。
通过本单元的教学,旨在让学生了解科幻小说最大的特征在于:它赋予了“幻想”依靠科技在未来得以实现的极大可能,甚至有些“科学幻想”在多年以后,的确在科学上成了现实。
如Isaac Asimov 1951年描述的机器人的部分功能已经被应用于现实生活和工作中。
在教学中,要鼓励学生敢于幻想,大胆创新,发挥自己丰富的想象力和创作力,写出独具特色的科幻文章。
教学内容如下:Warming Up介绍了机器人的制造、种类、功能等等,再让学生分组列表,把自己熟悉的科幻文艺形式(科幻故事、电影、电脑游戏、电视剧、卡通等等)写出来,并进行简单地交流。
Pre-reading 通过讨论机器人是否像人类一样有自己的思维、是否有感情引出Isaac Asimov的科幻小说Satisfaction Guaranteed,为本单元的Reading做好了铺垫。
Reading的课文是Isaac Asimov发表于1951年的科幻小说Satisfaction Guaranteed。
文中描述的机器人Tony是一个除去面无表情外,身材高大、相貌英俊、聪明机智的完美男人,仅三周的时间就使女主人坠入爱河。
Comprehending共有3个练习,练习1是关于克莱尔的情感变化,练习2是关于课文内容的5个问答题,旨在考查学生对课文的理解;练习3要求学生比较机器人Tony在physical,mental两方面与人的异同,与Pre-reading 部分的问题相呼应。
Learning about Language分为两部分,Discovering useful words and expressions是本单元词汇练习题;Revising useful structures是本单元语法练习题,通过本单元的学习,要求学生熟练掌握不定式的被动语态。
Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing被动语态(Ⅰ) 动词不定式的被动式不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系,即当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时,不定式一般使用被动式。
一、动词不定式被动式的构成和意义构成意义表示发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生一般式to be done的被动动作完成式to have been done 表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth.下一步要做的事是把土运走。
No harm seems to have been done to them.对他们似乎并没有造成损害。
[考题印证]1①(山东高考改编)George returned after the war, only to_be_told (tell) that his wife had left him.②(湖南高考改编)We've had a good start, but next, more work needs to_be_done/doing (do) to achieve the final success.二、动词不定式被动式的用法(1)作主语It is an honour to be chosen as a volunteer.能被选上做志愿者,真是一件荣幸的事情。
(2)作表语The task is to be finished by next month.这项工作要在下个月才能完成。
(3)作宾语The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。
(4)作宾语补足语He ordered the baggage to be brought to his room.他吩咐把行李搬进他的房间。
Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing被动语态(Ⅰ)动词不定式的被动式不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系,即当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时,不定式一般使用被动式。
一、动词不定式被动式的构成和意义The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth.下一步要做的事是把土运走。
No harm seems to have been done to them.对他们似乎并没有造成损害。
[考题印证]1①(山东高考改编)George returned after the war, only to_be_told (tell) that his wife had left him.②(湖南高考改编)We've had a good start, but next, more work needs to_be_done/doing (do) to achieve the final success.二、动词不定式被动式的用法(1)作主语It is an honour to be chosen as a volunteer.能被选上做志愿者,真是一件荣幸的事情。
(2)作表语The task is to be finished by next month.这项工作要在下个月才能完成。
(3)作宾语The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。
(4)作宾语补足语He ordered the baggage to be brought to his room.他吩咐把行李搬进他的房间。
(5)作定语He was the last one to be asked to speak at the meeting.他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。
(6)作状语He drove to the airport in a hurry, only to be informed that the plane had taken off.他匆忙驱车赶往机场,结果被告知飞机已经起飞了。
[考题印证]2①(北京高考改编)It's important for the figures to_be_updated (update) regularly.②(北京高考改编)There are still many problems to_be_solved (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.③(四川高考改编)The airport to_be_completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.④(重庆高考改编)We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision to_be_made (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.⑤(浙江高考改编)If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city to_be_cheered (cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.三、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的常见结构(1)动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系,同时又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.今天下午我有许多事情要做。
(to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。
)I'll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to post?我要去邮局。
你有信要寄吗?(post与主语you之间不存在主谓关系,只和前面letter 构成动宾关系。
)(2)在某些“形容词+不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。
This problem is difficult to solve.这个问题很难解决。
(3)在too ... to ...; enough ... to ...结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.这本书太贵,我买不起。
(4)在there be句型中,当动词不定式作定语修饰名词时,用主动形式,重点在人;用被动形式,重点在物。
There is no time to lose (to be lost).(用to lose可看成for us to lose; 用to be lost,重点在时间。
)没有时间去浪费。
(5)be to blame用主动形式表示被动意义。
Who is to blame for starting the fire?谁应为引发火灾负责?[考题印证]3①(福建高考改编)The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable to_hold (hold).②(安徽高考改编)Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier to_break (break) into small pieces.Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.It's a great honour to_be_invited (invite) to attend your wedding party.2.The next thing to_be_done (do) is to clean the classroom.3.The novel is said to_have_been_translated (translate) into English.4. I find the problem is very difficult to_solve (solve).5.The teacher left us a lot of homework to_do (do).6.“Are there any more clothes to_be_washed (wash)?” asked mum.7.The little boy should love to_be_taken (take) to visit the Great Wall.8.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the students, but it remains to_be_seen (see) whether they will enjoy it.9.The emperor ordered the magic cloth to_be_woven (weave) for him right away.10.His father left the small village, never to_be_seen (see) again.Ⅱ.完成句子1.It is very terrible to_be_laughed_at (被人嘲笑) in public.2.He expected to_be_invited_to_the_party (能被邀请参加聚会).3.The book is said to_have_been_translated_into_English (已译成了英语).4.I'm going back to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything to_be_taken_home (要我带回家)?5.Are you going to the meeting to_be_held_this_afternoon (今天下午举行的)?6.It is an honor for me to_be_invited_to_speak_here (被邀请在这儿讲话).想象类作文电影《哈利·波特》受到人们的普遍欢迎,创造了很高的票房纪录,成为电影业的奇迹,全世界的孩子都为哈利·波特的魔力着迷。
现在假设你是哈利·波特,你将怎样用你的魔法解决以下问题?1.残酷的战争;2.濒危动物;3.环境污染。
注意:1.词数100左右;2.充分发挥自己的想象力,注意行文连贯。
I am Harry Potter, a boy with magical powers. ①I regard myself as a guard of the earth. ②To create a peaceful and friendly world for human beings is my duty.③First of all, I will make use of my mag ic to bring all the cruel wars to an end. ④Let all the people no longer suffer from the wounds and death caused by wars.⑤Let peace ring at every corner of the world.⑥In addition, I will raise people's awareness of saving endangered animals. ⑦As long as we learn to protect animals, we will understand how to give our love to others.⑧Finally, I will rely on my magic to solve the environmental pollution. ⑨The earth is the only home of us human beings. ⑩Only by making great efforts can we make the earth a better place to live in.Please join me in this action. Let's work together to build a bright future!,本文分五段。