商务英语(5)

商务英语重点词汇(5)⼀、Personnel or human resources? 职员还是⼈⼒资源The people working for an organization are, formally, its personnel（职员/⼈事）. In large organizations, administration of people is done by the personnel department（⼈事部）, although this expression is now sometimes rejected. Companies talk instead about their human resources（⼈⼒资源）or HR and human resource management（⼈⼒资源管理） or HRM.⼆、Hiring and firing 雇佣和解雇Personnel departments are usually involved in finding new staff and recruiting（招聘）them, hiring（雇佣)them, or taking them on, in a process of recruitment. Someone recruited is a recruit（新进⼈员）, or in American English only, a hire. They are also involved when people are made to leave the organization, or fired（被解雇）. These responsibilities are referred to, relatively informally, as hiring and firing（雇佣和解雇）. If you leave a job voluntarily, you quit（辞职）.三、 Delayering and downsizing 延缓和精简编制Middle managers（中程主管）are those in the hierarchy between senior management and front-line managers（基层管理⼈员） or line managers（⽣产线管理⼈员）, the people managing employees.Middle managers are now most often mentioned in the context of re-engineering（流程再造）, delayering（延缓）, downsizing（精简编制）, or rightsizing: all these expressions describe the recent trend for companies to reduce the numbers of people they employ, often by getting rid of layers of managers from the middle of the hierarchy. An organization that has undergone this process is lean（精⼲的）and its hierarchy flat（扁平的）四、Empowerment 授权Organizations say that they are eliminating middle levels of their hierarchies so as to empower（授权）ordinary workers and employees.This process of empowerment is designed to give them the authority to make decisions that were previously taken by middle managers.五、Getting the sack 解雇When people lose their jobs, they are dismissed（被开除） or made redundant（被解雇）. When people are laid off（被辞退）like this, commentators talk about the number of dismissals（裁员）or redundancies（劳⼒过剩）involved.六、Stress ⼯作压⼒The people left in an organisation after it has been downsized often have more to do. Stress is a combination of tension and anxiety often caused by overwork（⼯作过度）. working too much. People say that they are under stress, stressed, or stressed out when they are overworked. People who have been under so much stress that they are unlikely to recover enough to do their jobs properly again are described as burned out（筋疲⼒尽）, or in British English only, burnt out.七、 Outplacement 获任新职（公司为其被解雇员⼯在另⼀公司找到⼯作）Outplacement is when a company helps people it is making redundant find new jobs in other organizations。

商务英语翻译试题（五）Ⅰ词汇测试题：（2题，每题10分，共20分）该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有英文词或词组来进行解释。

请将正确的选项标出，要求英英转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。

（10分）(1) frictionA. an accepted opinionB. disagreement or unfriendlinessC. a part of somethingD. a tale or a story(2) to assessA. to judge or decide the amount, value of somethingB. to assign a taskC. to possess somethingD. to support by giving money(3) validA. based on truth, able to be acceptedB. not to be acceptedC. to be discussedD. to be useless(4) extendA. to become largerB. to offer or giveC. to get out ofD. to be satisfied with(5) resort toA. to use something for helpB. to refuse someoneC. to claim for somethingD. to prevent something from happening(6) decision-making bodyA. an institution to make up a decisionB. a person who makes up a decisionC. the core of a decisionD. a plan(7) to allocateA. to give one’s place to eachB. to contribute a fundC. to project a programD. to come up with ideas(8) succumbA. to lose the determination to oppose sth.B. to succeedC. to take back propertyD. to take place(9) intangibleA. much greater than usualB. necessary and important as a part of a wholeC. slightly earlier than or before sth. ElseD. not solid or able to be seen or felt(10) entitleA. to pay for the damageB. to refuse to giveC. to have a particular right to doD. to compare with2. 该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有汉语词或词组来进行解释，请将正确项选出，要求英汉转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。

新国际交互商务英语5答案1. 规避风险____________ [填空题] *空1答案：risk-averse2. 首期付款____________ [填空题] *空1答案：down payment3. 私家旧货出售____________ [填空题] *空1答案：Private secondhand sale4. 生产周期____________ [填空题] *空1答案：product time5. 产品销售员____________ [填空题] *空1答案：product merchandiser6. Malicious attack____________ [填空题] *空1答案：恶意攻击7. go to all lengths____________ [填空题] *空1答案：全力以赴8. People who can solve difficulties____________ [填空题] *空1答案：能解决困难的人9. Meeting package____________ [填空题] *空1答案：会议套餐10. Target market ____________ [填空题] *空1答案：目标市场二、选择正确的词的代码填入下列句子中。

(每题2分，共计20分)A. refrain fromB. reach out toC. identify withD. put out all the stopsE. rent outF. on trackG. Not only H. frustrateI. come across J. taking in1. ________did he complain about the food, but also refused to pay for it. [填空题] *空1答案：G2. What are some of the difficulties one is likely to ___________in this transformation process. [填空题] *空1答案：I3. They made preparation to_____________ the conspiracy. [填空题] *空1答案：H4. She _______________scolding her child until the visitors left. [填空题] *空1答案：A5. When you’re looking for a job, you could ___________your network. [填空题] *空1答案：B6. I believe that most readers will__________ the author. [填空题] *空1答案：C7. I am innocent. I’m going to ____________to prove it. [填空题] *空1答案：D8. He had to____________ his house in Seattle to make mortgage payment. [填空题] *空1答案：E9. We made a great effort to get our company back ___________. [填空题] *空1答案：F10. The scholar attaches importance to getting rid of the stale and_______ the fresh. [填空题] *空1答案：J三、从选项中选择句子中划线部分的词相对应的词。

商务英语翻译试题（五）Ⅰ词汇测试题：（2题，每题10分，共20分）1．该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有英文词或词组来进行解释。

请将正确的选项标出，要求英英转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。

（10分）(1) frictionA. an accepted opinionB. disagreement or unfriendlinessC. a part of somethingD. a tale or a story(2) to assessA. to judge or decide the amount, value of somethingB. to assign a taskC. to possess somethingD. to support by giving money(3) validA. based on truth, able to be acceptedB. not to be acceptedC. to be discussedD. to be useless(4) extendA. to become largerB. to offer or giveC. to get out ofD. to be satisfied with(5) resort toA. to use something for helpB. to refuse someoneC. to claim for somethingD. to prevent something from happening(6) decision-making bodyA. an institution to make up a decisionB. a person who makes up a decisionC. the core of a decisionD. a plan(7) to allocateA. to give one’s place to eachB. to contribute a fundC. to project a programD. to come up with ideas(8) succumbA. to lose the determination to oppose sth.B. to succeedC. to take back propertyD. to take place(9) intangibleA. much greater than usualB. necessary and important as a part of a wholeC. slightly earlier than or before sth. ElseD. not solid or able to be seen or felt(10) entitleA. to pay for the damageB. to refuse to giveC. to have a particular right to doD. to compare with2. 该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有汉语词或词组来进行解释，请将正确项选出，要求英汉转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。

商务英语句子汉英翻译（五）1. 兹告知，你方第123号汇票已于到期日全数兑付。

We inform you that your draft No.123 has been duly honored on maturity.2.这批货物我方建议改用中性包装，请告知可否接受。

We suggest that the goods should be replaced in neutral packing and please inform us whether it can be accepted or not.3.请按提供的图样在箱子上刷唛头。

Please print the shipping marks on the cases according to the provided drawing.4.信用证号3588号，请取消“银行费用由受益人负担”的条款。

For the L/C No.3588,please cancel the clause “the banking charges should be for the beneficiary’s account”.5.纽约银行将代表我们承兑你们开给他们的汇票。

The Bank of New York will accept the draft you draw on them on behalf of us.6.此货现在正当季。

The goods are in season right now.7.现在正是核桃的旺季。

This is the peak season for walnut.8.期货交易不属于我们的经营范围。

We don’t handle forward transaction.9.请将装船通知速寄我方，以使我们办理海关手续。

Please send us the shipping advice as soon as possible to the effect that we can deal with the customs formalities.10.我们愿将此案提交仲裁并遵守其裁决。

Unit 5 Electronic CommerceText A 什么是电子商务今天我们能从阿里巴巴、易趣、雅虎等各种网站购买到从日常用品到工业机械设备等各种产品。

电子商务是指通过电子媒体来进行商务活动。

这意味着使用简单、快捷、低成本的电子通信手段来进行交易，交易的双方不必进行面对面的会晤。

如今的电子商务主要是通过因特网和电子数据交换实现。

电子商务最早是从20世纪60年代开始发展的。

随着计算机的广泛使用、因特网的日益完备和广泛采用、信用卡的使用、安全交易协议的建立以及政府的支持和促进电子商务的发展日益繁荣，人们开始使用电子手段作为一种商务媒介。

一、电子商务的好处1、由于计算机网络能够以一种迅速而廉价的方式促进信息的交换，因特网如今已经延伸到世界的各个角落。

中小型企业能够与全世界的贸易伙伴建立联系。

高速网络使地理上的距离变得无关紧要。

企业在传统的市场之外就可以更加容易地销售货物，探索新的市场并识别商业机会。

2、那些无力建立海外办公室或办事处的中小型企业现在可以向全世界的每个角落展示自己。

3、企业为了增强它们自身的竞争能力，可以通过因特网收集有关产品、买主和竞争者的信息。

4、通过因特网与顾客建立紧密的联系，以及通过昼夜24小时提供最新的产品和服务信息。

企业就能够发挥它们的竞争优势。

此外，数据可以随时更新，这样就不会存在过时信息的问题了。

5、因特网能够在网络空间为公司提供许多市场和无尽的产品推销机会。

此外，还能增进与买主的联系。

6、使用多媒体功能，可以有效地通过因特网使人们接受一个团体的图标以及产品和服务的商标。

7、详尽的客户信息，例如消费方式、个人偏好和购买力等等，能够帮助企业更加有效地制定市场战略。

二、电子商务的类型1、公司内部的电子网络：通过内部网，人们可以在内部交换和处理商务信息。

2、企业与企业间的（B2B）电子商务：在所有其它类型的电子商务中，这种通过因特网或电子数据交换来进行电子交易的途径理应得到人们最多的关注。

Unit 5 EmploymentPart I Business VocabularyDirections:There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. This part totals 20 points, two points for each sentence.1 Intelligence levels decline _____B_______, but change little over their working life.A honestlyB modestlyC rarelyD sharply2 Most people like to think that personality can change, particularly the more _______C_________ features such as anxiety, low esteem, impulsiveness or a lack of emotional warmth.A positiveB activeC negativeD passive3 People can be groomed for a job. Just as politicians are carefully _____B_________ through dress, hairstyle and speech specialists, so people can be sent on training courses, diplomas or experimental weekends.A repackedB repackagedC refinedD reset4 However, his employer told him that he must not come to work in a collar and tie to dive his 17-tonne lorry. If he did so, he faced the A .A sackB bagC packD package5 They wanted him to _______D_______ the company’s new image of casual clothing such as T-shirts or sweat shirts.A agree toB comply toC follow toD conform to6 His employer, Mr Yamago, believed that behavior like Mr Nishiura’s _______C_________ company discipline and corrupted morale.A undertookB underlinedC underminedD damaged7 When you enter a company, you_____B_______ your human rights.A sign onB sign awayC sign forD sign in8 Mr Nishiura is going to sue his employer for unfair _____C___________.A employmentB unemploymentC dismissalD job title9 There are always several fitness instructors _______A__________ to advisepeople and provide them with personalized fitness programmes.A on handB in handC by handD hand in hand10 The clubs aim to _______B_________ people of all ages and income groups.A attract toB appeal toC conform toD respond to11 The carrying vessel departed from Shanghai on February 28 and is_____D____ in San Francisco on March 12.A because ofB becauseC due toD due12 We are pleased to advise you that the 500 dozen blouses under the aboveorder _____B____ loaded onto the M.V. “Evergreen” on March 28,A areB wereC isD was13 We are now enclosing our commercial invoices in triplicate ____C______US$12,000.A ofB atC forD by14 This sum is payable by irrevocable letter of credit confirmed _____B_____ anAmerican bank.A inB withC underD on15 If you have any queries, please ______D_______ us.A contact withB to contact withC to contactD contact16Since the transaction is made _____C____ CIF basis, you are to ship the goods.A atB byC onD in17 In our letter of May 5, we made ____D____ clear that shipment is to beeffected in June.A youB themC thatD it18 Please make every effort to get the goods ____C_____ immediately.A to dispatchB dispatchingC dispatched Ddispatch19 We have shipped your order on board M/V, which sails _B__ your porttomorrow.A atB forC toD from20 After inspection, we found five cartons ______A________.A damagedB to damageC damagingD damagePart II Phrase TranslationDirections:Directions: There are 20 Chinese phrases in this part. You are required to translate them into English and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, one point for each phrase.1星座astrological sign2家庭背景family background3婚姻状况marital status4血型blood type5缺勤记录absentee record6智力水平intelligence level7新闻发言人press officer8新闻发布press release9年度报告annual report10公司宣传资料company literature11着装要求dress code12营销部marketing department13人权human rights14不公平解雇unfair dismissal15年终奖金end-of-year bonus16员工流失率staff turnover17社交活动social activity18以客户为中心的文化customer-oriented culture19业绩记录track record20商机business opportunityPart III Sentence TranslationDirections: There are 10 sentences in this part. You are required to translate them into Chinese and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, two points for each sentence.1. Most people like to think that personality can change, particularly the more negative features such as anxiety, low esteem, impulsiveness or a lack of emotional warmth.大多数人认为性格是可以改变的，特别是像焦虑，缺乏自尊，冲动或感情上缺乏温暖这样更负面的特征。