句子成分练习
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The stude nts got on the school bus.
2. He han ded me the n ewspaper.
3. I shall an swer your questi on after class.
4. What a beautiful Chin ese pain ti ng!
5. They went hun ti ng together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beiji ng.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shan ghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scie ntist.
11. He man aged to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it importa nt to master En glish.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be hon est, your pronun ciati on is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, readi ng a n ewspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He no ticed a man en ter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语( 一)、状语( = )、补语(?)：
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties ofte n make us very happy. We cook meat on an ope n fire outside. It's great! America ns eat a lot of meat ——too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party .In your letter you asked about the time in differe nt areas of the States. There are five differe nt time areas in the States. In my state we are fourtee n hours beh ind Beiji ng time. How many differe nt time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your pare nts.
三、选择填空：
( )1. ____ w ill leave for Beiji ng.
A. Now there the man
B. The man here now
C. The man who is here now
D. The man is here now
( )2. The weather ____ .
A. wet and cold
B. is wet and cold
C. not wet and cold
D. were wet and cold
( )3. The apple tasted _____ .
A. sweets
B. sweetly
C. nicely
D. sweet
( )4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A. lately
B. late
C. latest
D. latter
( )5. The actor ______ at the age of 70.
A. dead
B. died
C. dyed
D. deaded
( )6. ____ w ere all very tired, but none of ___ would stop to take a rest.
A. We, us
B. Us, we
C. We, our
D. We, we
( )7. He found the street much _____ .
A. crowd
B. crowd ing
C. crowded
D. crowdedly
( )8.1 think ____ n ecessary to lear n En glish well.
A. its
B. it
C. that
D. that is
( )9. The dog ____ mad.
A. looks
B. is looked
C. is being looked
D. was looked
( )10 .I will n ever forget the day ____ I joi ned the army.
A. that
B. whe n
C. in which
D. where
四、分析下列句子成分
I. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us con sidered him hon est.
4. My gra ndfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass.
6. He made it clear that he would leave the city .
7. ---1 love you more than her , child . 8. Tees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door ope n. 10. Gran dma told me an in terest ing story last ni ght.
II. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.AII the students think highly of his teaching
13. We n eed a place twice larger tha n this one. 14. He asked us to sing an En glish song.
15. Don't get nervous , help yourself to what you like . 16.We will make our school more beautiful.
17. He did n't come . That is why he did n't know . 18. She showed us her many of her pictures.
19. The old man lives a Ion ely life.
20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happe n in the cen ter of tow n.
21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany.
22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him .
23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this mon th.
24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.
26. At last he got home, tired and hun gry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup?
28 Mary han ded her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest n ews about him?
30. I 'llget my hair cut tomorrow.
五、区分复合句，简单句，并列句。
I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from daw n un til dark. Sometimes we go on work ing after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the n orth where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of mach ines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garde n. It does n't ofte n rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along cha nn els to differe nt parts of the garde n.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties ofte n make us very happy. We cook meat on an ope n fire outside. It's great! America ns eat a lot of meat —— too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in differe nt areas of the States. There are five differe nt time areas in the States. In my state we are
fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China ? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your pare nts.
练习：
一、1主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；
15、插入语，状语；16、宾语（间宾+直宾）；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语
三、1~5 CBDBB 6~10 ACBAB
1. 主语+系动词+表语
2.主语+系动词 +表语
3. 主语+动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语
4.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
5. 主语+及物动词+宾语
6.主语+动词 +形式宾语it+宾语补足语+宾语
7. 主语+及物动词+宾语8.主语+系动词 +表语
9. 主语+动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语10.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
11.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语12主语+及物动词 +宾语
13. 主语+及物动词+宾语14. 主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
15. 主语+系动词+表语16. 主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
17. 主语+系动词+表语18. 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
19. 主语+不及物动词20.主语+不及物动词
21. 主语+系动词+表语22. 主语+系动词 +表语
23. 主语+及物动词+宾语24. 主语+不及物动词
25. 主语+及物动词+宾语26. 主语+不及物动词
27. 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语28.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
29. 主语+及物动词+宾语30. 主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
I hope you are very well （复合句）.I'm fine, but tired （简单句）.Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm （并列句）.August is the hottest month here （简单句）.It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from daw n un til dark. （并列句）Sometimes we go on worki ng after dark by the lights of our tractors （简单句）.We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat （并歹U复合句）.We have a lot of machines on the farm （简单句）.Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men worki ng for him （复合句）.But he employs more men for the harvest （简单句）.My brother takes care of the vegetable garde n （简单句）.It does n't ofte n rain in the summer here （简单句）.As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden （简单句）.Every evening we pump water from a well （简单句）.It the n runs along cha nn els to differe nt parts of the garde n （简单句）Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time （简单句）.These parties often make us very happy （简单句）.We cook meat on an ope n fire outside （简单句）.It's great （简单句）！ America ns eat a lot of meat —too much in my opinion （简单句）.Some of my friends drink beer （简单句）.1 don't, because I have to drive home after the party （复合句）.In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（简单句）.There are five differe nt time areas in the States （简单句）.In my state we are fourtee n hours behind Beijing time （简单句）.How many different time areas do you have in China （简单句）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep （简单句）.Please give my best regards to your parents （简单句）
划分句子成分练习 练习1.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 1）Tree s turns green when spring comes. 2）The old man was feeling very tired. 3）His job is to train swimmers. 4）Where he was buried remained unknown. 5）What he said proved true. 6）We must keep quiet. 7）The shop stayed open until eleven. 8）She appeared younger than she really was. 9）His face went red. 10）He fell ill last week. 11）The cake I ate yesterday taste delicious. 从上面我们可以看出，常见的系动词有，_____、_____、______、______、______、_____、_______、________等，它们下面一般跟________词作表语。 练习 2.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，体会it的替代性用法。 1）It is very plain to me that he is round and tall like a tree. 2）It is a fact that English is being accepted as an
international language. 3）It worried her a bit than her hair was turning grey. 4）The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. 5）She made it her duty to look after all the other people’s affaires in that town. 6）I don’t think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 7）He made it known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics. 8）I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it. 从上面我们可以看出，作形式主语和宾语一般用代词______,真正的主语或宾语通常是________或__________，放在下面。 练习 3. 分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，留意定语是什么词性或结构充当，并留意定语的位置。 1）Comrades in her group often help her with grammar. 2）The women on the left are making shirts for the neighbors. 3）The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.
英语句子成分 The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 按句子成分划分，此句为： The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. (主语) (定语) (谓语)(状语) (谓语) (宾语) (定语) 按意群划分，此句为： The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法 （一）、主语 主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候，首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”？或者是一件“什么事”？或者是一件“什么物体”，等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。 主语是指句子的某个部分，它可能是一个词，也可能是一个词组，还有可能是一个从句，甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以，英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。另外，英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”，例如：It .... that ...句式等。 1. Peter is a well-known pianist. （名词作主语） 2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语) 3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语) 4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. （不定式短语作主语） 5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. （从句作主语） 6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway. (It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语) 请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky. 3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help. （二）、谓语
英语句子成分 定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 主语：句子的主体 Students study English. Smoking is bad for health. What he has said is true. 从句做主语（主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It是形式主语，从句that...tree才是真正主语）（主语从句） 练习：划出句中主语 The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. What he needs is a book. 谓语：动词或者动词词组 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Students study English
2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：He can speak English. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。 如：We are students. 练习：选出下列句子中的谓语 I don't like the picture on the wall. I usually go to school by bus. Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. What I want to tell you is this. We had better send for a doctor. He is interested in music. He can speak English well. 表语：系动词后面的成分 名词作表语I am a student. My father is a teacher. 形容词作表语This table is long. You look young. It gets cold. It sounds interesting. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are in the park. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语（表语从句）That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday. 系动词： (1) 状态: be 动词 (2) 持续：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand.
Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1．主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如： 讲述“谁” We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么” The classroom is very big. 数词作主语 Three are enough.三个人就够了 不定式作主语 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语 What we need is food.我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”.
It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2．谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”， 3 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语 You look younger than before. 名词作表语 My father is a teacher. 副词作表语 Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语 They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语 My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语 Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语 That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday. 4．宾语 ▲宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起
及结构的划分
句子成分 ? 1.汉语的句子成分 ?1．什么是句子 ?句子是由词或词组构成的，是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。 ? 2.什么是句子成分？ ?组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
?汉语中句子成分的名称及符号 ?名称：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 ?符号：主语=谓语－宾语～ ?定语（）状语[ ]补语< > ?句子的基本成分是：主语、谓语、宾语。 ?补充成分是：定语、状语、补语。 ?英语中的句子成分 英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 句子主体部分：主语和谓语（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。 表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。 句子的次要部分：定语和状语。
句子成分的划分（汉语） ?.（1）划分句子成分，首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。 ?主语：是谓语陈述的对象，指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。?谓语：是陈述主语，说明主语的，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。?宾语：在动词后面，表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物，回答“谁” 或“什么”一类问题。 ?句子一般有两种情况：写人、写物（写事、写物）。分析句子时，首先判断是“写人”还是“写物”。 ?①．写人格式：“谁”＋“干什么” ?（主语）（谓语）（宾语） ?例：杨亚‖写字 ?主谓宾 ?注意：处理复杂的单句时，要抓主干。 ?例：一中的杨亚║在课桌上写着毛笔字。 ?主谓宾 ?
英语语法——英语句子成分分析 句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。 1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如： Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends.(我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。 2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如： Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends. (我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be 动词，它们在句中作谓语。 3）宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如： They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。) I play with him. (我和他一起玩。) 这两句话中单词teachers是名词，单词him是带词，它们在句中作宾语。4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如： This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.) He is a tall boy.（他是个高个子男孩。） 这两句话中单词red和tall都是形容词，它们作定语。 ５）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如： The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。) I often write to him. (我常给他写信。) The bag is too heavy. (这个书包太重了。) 这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词，第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词，它们都作状语。 ６）表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如：This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。) 通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语
一、句子成分的定义 句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个清晰完整的意思。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语和补语。句子成分是在句子中起一定功用的组成部分，包括主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表等。句子本身的结构是很简单的，只不过是结构套结构。 二、句子成分划分的种类 句子成分划分主要是对句子中的词、短语和从句进行划分。 1.词的划分： 如：1）Xiao Ming bought a beautiful flower. 主谓定 定宾 2）What I said is that you are kind. 主从系表从 从句再分: what I said 宾主谓 that you are kind 连接词主系表
一般来说，根据词性来划分词在句子中充当的成分是比较容易的，如：名词可以在句子中充当主语，宾语，表语等。动词只能表示 谓语的各种形式；形容词多作定语和表语，用来描述人或事物的性质、 特征、状态等等。 2.短语划分： 划分词组在句子中充当的成分较词稍难，因为词组在句子中的位置不确定，单个词作定语的时候，一般放在所修饰词的前面，如cle ar water,而短语作定语时位置正相反，一定要放到所修饰词的后面 作后置定语，如the boy under the tree ( 树下的男孩)，其中非 谓语动词短语作定语，其本身又表示一定的意义： 如：doing sth. 表示主动，进行的意思。 dong 表示被动完成的意思。 to do 放于句首表目的，作定语表示将来。 例：1）With the workers working in the factory, I paid a visit to it. 2) With the problem settled, I can go out to play. 3) To be energetic tomorrow, I’ll go to bed earlier tonigh t. 4) With the problem to solve, the newly elected Mayor will have a hard time. 句子1）中 working表示主动意义，其逻辑主语是workers，同时，根据句子的意思也表示进行的意义；句子2）中根据句意我们应
11. We always work hard at English. 主语状语谓语状语状语 12. He said he didn't come. 主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语 13. They love each other. 主谓语宾语 14. What did you buy? 宾助动词主谓 15. She watched her daughter playing the piano. 主语谓语宾语宾语补足语 16. Your job today is to help the old. 主语定语系动词表语 17. Speaking doesn't mean doing. 主语谓语宾语 18. Bye the time I got to the station, the train had left. 时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语 19. The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语20. It takes me an hour to get there.
形式主语谓语宾语真正主语 划分句子成分练习题(2) (一) 指出下例句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is ⑧ We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor ⑨ He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music ⑩ Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn't done his homework. A B C D ② People all over the world speak English. A B C D ③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D ④ How many new words did you learn last class? A B C D ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? A B C D
句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一
初中英语句子成分 一.句子的成分：句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分，即：主语、谓语、表语、 宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）、补足语、定语、状语等。 主要成分：主语和谓语 句子的成分 次要成分：表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等 (一)主语：主语是一个句子的主要成分，也是句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 注意：在there be结构、疑问（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓 例如：Tom is a good boy. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语，真正的主语是不 定式) （二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”，一般由动词或动词短语来充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下： 1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如： I like apples. ( 动词) He practices running every morning. （动词短语） 2.复合谓语：（1）由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成； 例如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 句子成分分类 1．主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如： 讲述“谁”-----人 We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”----物 The classroom is very big. 数词作主语----人或物 Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语-----事《相当于语文中的短语：争取冠军是有可能的》 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor ’s job. 从句作主语------一件事（句子）《例：张三打人是不对的》 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲ 在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如： There are some bottles of milk in the box.《some bottles of milk are in the box.》 ▲ 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it 作形式主语。如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick ”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2．谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如： He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. 没有区别嘛 it 也是代表的一件事
初中英语句子成分分析与讲解 英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分? 【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当.位于动词之前 The car is running fast.(名词) We are students.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如： He works in a factory.(实义动词) I felt cold.(系动词+表语) How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词) Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词) They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词) 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象问什么谁。如： He is doing his homework.(名词) They did nothing this morning.(代词) She wants to go home.(不定式) We enjoy playing football.(动名词) 【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass，tell，leave等。如： He bought me a book. Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如： Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾) 4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如： What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词) She is a chemistry teacher.(名词) There are two students in the classroom.(数词) We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
句子成分练习题( 一) (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，4分钟） ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，10分钟） ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is
英语划分句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Y ou may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如※以肯定的语气叙述主语状态时，要用系动词be※表示说话人所感知的主语的特征或状态时，系动词用look, feel, sound, taste, smell※表示主语状态变化时，系动词用become ,get, grow, come , turn (若跟名词不加冠词) ，fall (asleep, ill, silent)等，后面大多数接形容词作表语。但become, turn 亦可接名词作表语等※表示主语的持续时，系动词用remain, stay , keep, continue ※从印象的角度说明主语所处的状态和特征时，系动词用appear to be (常用于书面)，seem (to be )☆1、其后要求接形容词，而不是副词作表语。要特别注意的是有些动词既可以作系动词，又可作实意动词的用法。遇到这种情况时，只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者，然后再对后面的词性和词义作出判断和选择。2、这类词不用进行时。3、系动词无被动式)。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），要求双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的动词，直接宾语提前，动词后加to或for，现归纳如下。①后面加to的动词：give 给tell 告诉bring 带来send 寄，送hand 交给read 读pass 递给return 把……还给……lend 借给throw 扔……给……leave 留给promise 许诺，答应refuse 拒绝 ②后面加for的动词：get 得到make 制造，做buy 买do 做play 演奏order 命令
句子的成分 1 名词 Nouns (n.) 表示人或事物的名称 box,pen,tree,apple 2 代词 Pronouns (pron.)代替名词、数词、形容词We,this,them,myself 3形容词Adjectives(adj.) 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征good,sad,high,short 4 数词 Numerals(num.)表示数目或顺序 one,two,first 5 动词 Verb (v.) 表示动作或状态 Jump,sing,visit vt.是及物动词 vt后必须跟宾语：sing a song vi.是不及物动词 vi后不直接带宾语或不带宾语:jump high 6 副词Adverbs（adv.) 修饰动、形、副等词,表示动作特征there,widely,suddenly 7 冠词 Articles (art.) 用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的范围 a,an,the 8 介词 Prepositions (prep.) 用在名词或代词前,说明它与别的词的关系in,on,down,up 9 连词 Conjunctions (conj.) 表示人或事物的名称if,because,but 10 感叹词Interjections (int.) 代替名词、数词、形容词等oh,hello,hi,yeah 句子是由词按一定语法结构组成的，能表达一个完整的概念的语言单位。句子的开头第一个字母必须要大写，结尾要有句号“.”，问号“？”或感叹号“！”。 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。英语的基本成分有七种：主语 （S ubject）、谓语（P redicate）、表语（P redicative）、宾语（Object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。主语和谓语是句子主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分： 1 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。