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2021年超详细英语划分句子成分练习题及答案(精华版)

2021年超详细英语划分句子成分练习题及答案(精华版)
2021年超详细英语划分句子成分练习题及答案(精华版)

英语划分句子成分

构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

(一)句子成分的定义:句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be 结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代

词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ()

We often speak English in class. ()

One-third of the students in this class are girls. ()

To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ()

Smoking does harm to the health. (The rich should help the poor. (

))

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (It is necessary to master a foreign language.()

(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

主语之后。谓语的构成如下:

动词在句中作谓语,一般放在

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.

2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.

(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词之后

系动词:

※以肯定的语气叙述主语状态时,要用系动词be

※表示说话人所感知的主语的特征或状态时,系动词用look, feel, sound, taste, smell

※表示主语状态变化时,系动词用become ,get, grow, come , turn ( 若跟名词不加冠词) ,fall (asleep, ill, silent) 等,后面大多数接形容词作表语。但become, turn 亦可接名词作表语等

※表示主语的持续时,系动词用remain, stay , keep, continue

※从印象的角度说明主语所处的状态和特征时,

be )

系动词用appear to be (常用于书面),seem (to

1、其后要求接形容词,而不是副词作表语。要特别注意的是有些动词既可以作系动词,又

可作实意动词的用法。遇到这种情况时,只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者,

然后再对后面的词性和词义作出判断和选择。

2、这类词不用进行时。

3、系动词无被动式。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、

介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

例如:

Our teacher of English is an American. ()

Is it yours? ()

The weather has turned cold.()

The speech is exciting. ()

Three times seven is twenty one?()His job is to teach English. ()

His hobby (爱好)is playing football. The machine must be out of order. (()

Time is up. The class is over.()

The truth is that he has never been abroad.()

(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:

They went to see an exhibition (展览)yesterday.()

The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time. ()

How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. ()

They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me. ()

I enjoy listening to popular music. 动名词短语)I think (that)he is fit for his office. (

宾语种类:

(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),要求双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语

for ,现归纳如下。)的动词,直接宾语

提前,动词后加to 或

①后面加give 给tell 告诉to 的动词:

return 把

lend 借给

throw 扔

leave 留给

还给

bring 带来send 寄,送hand 交给read 读pass 递给

promise 许诺,答应refuse 拒绝

②后面加get 得到

的动词:

for

order 命令

sing 唱歌

pay 为

make 制造,做

buy 买

do 做

play 演奏

(2)复合宾语(宾语

而付钱+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.

(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾补,用来补足宾语意义。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词+宾语+宾补。

※宾语+名词”常用于改结构的动词有:call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave

※宾语+形容词”常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want

▲“宾语▲“宾语▲“宾语+副词”。

+介词短语”。+不定式”。

充当宾补的不定式有三种:

A 要求带to 的不定式

B 要求不带to 的不定式let, make, have,see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel 等,用不定式

作宾补时,要省去C 单词help 后可加“t o。”但用于被动语态时,还要加上to 等to 或不加to

▲“宾语+现在分词”see, , watch, , look at, hear, listen to, feel ▲“宾语+过去分词”

▲形式宾语+形容词

▲ 宾语+what 从句

※主补:对主语的补充。

例如:

His father named him Dongming. (They painted their boat white. (

))

Let the fresh air in. ()

You mustn ’t force him to lend his money to you(. )We saw her entering the room.()

We found everything in the lab in good order. (We will soon make our city what your city is now.

()

(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:Guilin is a beautiful city. ()

China is a developing country; America is a developed country. ()

There are thirty women teachers is our school. (His rapid progress in English made us surprised. ())

Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. (The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. (He is reading an article about how to learn English. (

)))

(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:Light travels most quickly. ()

He has lived in the city for ten years. ()

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. ()

()

He is in the room making a model plane.

Wait a minute. ()

Once you begin, you must continue. ()

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