高中新课程完形填空的技能考查
技能考查简介
普通高中课程改革英语学科教学指导意见指出：高中英课程的总目标之一是培养学生的综合语言运用能力；语言技能和语言知识是综合语言运用能力的基础。并因此而着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力，特别注重提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力；形成跨文化交际的意识和基本的跨文化交际能力。
高中英语考试说明的命题要求明确指出：“完形填空考查学生的阅读理解能力和词汇的综合运用能力，所选语言材料要有利于考生进行语篇分析，要保证本大题有较好的区分度。”
因此，高考完形填空题这种题型的设置是检验课程实施效果的方法之一。该题形要求高中生必须具备快速阅读理解一篇抽去相当数量词汇文章的内容领悟能力和分析推断能力，综合运用所学语法知识、词汇辨析能力，常识和逻辑推理能力，和具有一定的跨文化交际意识和能力。具体考查技能如下：
逻辑推理能力：完形填空对篇章逻辑推理能力的考查主要表现在考生能否根据句中，句间甚至是整篇文章的逻辑关系，比如因果、转折、并列等关系，选出正确选项。主要包括以下几个方面：
（一）句中逻辑推理能力
（二）句间逻辑推理能力
（三）篇章逻辑推理能力
（四）篇章原词重现
（三）篇章逻辑推理能力
篇章逻辑推理能力：根据整个篇章的上下文联系及逻辑关系，推断出正确选项。
e.g. (2013年课标I)
Some members, 38 , chose to use wheelchairs. Others wore sound-blocking earplugs（耳塞）or blindfolds（眼罩）. Just sitting in the wheelchair was a 39 experience. I had never considered before how 40 it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down, my 41 made the chair begin to roll.
38. A. instead B. strangely C. as usual D. like me
39. A. learning B. working C. satisfying D. relaxing
40. A. convenient B. awkward C. boring D. exciting
41. A. height B. force C. skill D. weight
【解析】考查篇章逻辑推理能力。根据下文40、41空处的句子主语均为I，可以推断出38空处的句子，要表达的主语应更下文一致，同样是I, 因此，38题的正确选项为D。
一、小试牛刀：
1、I am happy that I am becoming a 37 person. ……I 55 who I am today, and I could not say that a few years ago.
37. A. famous B. simple C. different D. skilled
55. A. miss B. like C. wonder D. expect
2、The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower……. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 11 .
7. A. relax B. recover C. react D. return
11.A. confused B. gone C. tired D. drunk
3、Panicking, she began to 51 ……. With53 , she saw the old man rowing an ancient-looking boat
towards her.
51. A. speak B. sing C. sniff D. scream
53. A. regret B. relief C. interest D. ease
4、Although my friends were always comforting me, they never _20 understood how it felt……. For the first time in my life I could speak to someone who?d been through something _27_
20 A. correctly B. roughly C. easily D. really
27 A. similar B. strange C. hard D. important
5、When I w as twelve, my family moved to Johor. Ismail?s family later returned to their village, and I 46 touch with him……. Even after two 51 we still recognized each other.
46 .A. lost B. gained C. developed D. missed
51.A .departures B. months C. years D. decades
【答案解析】
1、【解析】B。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。由上文37空处句子中的I am happy。推断出此空的句意：我喜欢现在的自己，故选B。
2、【解析】B。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。根据语义提示可知，gone与上文（本段）的left，构成同义词所以答案选B项。句意为乌鸦都是等到所有人（离开）后才回巢。故答案为B“离开”。其他选项的含义分别为：A“感到困惑”，C“感到很累”，D“喝醉了酒”。
3、【解析】B。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。篇章前面的panicking 恐慌，说明了此处“她看到有人向她划船过来，应该是如释重负。”故选择B项。
4、【解析】D。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。从篇章后面的For the first time in my life I could speak to someone who?d been through something similar（在我的生活中第一次可以和一个与我有相似经历的人交谈）可以得知之前没有人能够…感同身受地、真正地?理解她。因此可知正确选项为D。
5、【解析】A。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。从篇章后面的we still recognized each other（我们仍然能认出互相），可以得知之前我们是没有联系的。因此得知正确选项为A。
二、基础巩固：
1、“If you go out there you?ll be 47 ,” the man called after her. She did not bother to reply……. Oh, why had she not listened to the advice?
47. A. angry B. sorry C. confused D. excited
2、I used to be a very self-centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed. I have started to think about other people 36 I think about myself. I am happy that I am becoming a 37 person.
36. A. since B. before C. or D. unless
37. A. famous B. simple C. different D. skilled
3、“ Wait a minute,” Mom said. “ I want your ___39 ___ back. You didn?t wear anything when you arrived.” This
完形填空解题技巧 一、命题特点： 1.短文长度300词左右，以记叙文、夹叙夹议为主。记叙文故事情节多有曲折，结果出乎意料，这种是主要的故事结构。 2.首句无空格，是为了降低难度，提供一个理解全文的完整信息句，帮助熟悉短文的背景、主题或文体，一定要重视并读懂首句。 3.四选项为同一类词或属同一范畴，或近义或反义，或与前后配成词组。故干扰性、迷性大。考查单词以实词(v., n., adj., adv., pron.)为主，虚词(conj,prep.)为辅。实词一般占80%-90%。 4.考查内容：词汇40%，逻辑思辨20%，故事结构30%，语法10% （淡化语法） 以词汇（实词）为基础，轻语法，重语篇语意、重行文逻辑 5.四个选项答案分布比较均匀，基本不会出现ABCD只选择1~2个的情况。 二、失分大的原因： 1.没有严格遵循答题步骤： 多数同学在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题，一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章，单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。这种方式会影响解题的质量和效率。 切记：一定要用2-3分钟时间进行缺词阅读，弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空。
2. 不注意积累答题技巧： （1）忽略文章首句的提示作用； （2）忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系；不要把完形填空当做语法填空来做。完形填空很多选项必须根据上下文才能选出，不是孤立的看本句话。 （3）遇到长句不注意分析句子结构，在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择。 3.时间安排不当： 在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。 切记：正确的做法是由易到难，先做会做的，再考虑较难的。如有几个题目不确定可将某题的可能的两项填入空格，然后快速地整句整段地默读，选择一项短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的。 三、解题步骤： 1.通读全文，熟悉故事结构 细读每段首句，跳过空格，掌握文章大意。 注意阅读语篇技巧： （1）要以意群，语义为单位读，不要逐词逐句地认； （2）要借助视觉扫读，不要手指唇动或无声心读； （3）要从头至尾，一气呵成，不要频繁回读； （4）要直接理解原文，不要逐词逐句地心译； （5）要利用上下文和构词法猜测生词，推测出句意，不要频繁查阅词典；
一、高中英语完形填空 1．阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。 I began to do volunteer work in grade seven. I experienced many meaningful moments, and the most 1 ones were when I was volunteering as a swimming 2 at the YMCA in Brockton, Massachusetts. At first, I was a teacher's 3 . "What are we going to do next?" When is the play time? These were just two of the questions I was often 4 there. On the day of my first class, I thought it was going to be a(n) 5 job. I 6 that since I had taken swimming lessons from the age of five, I knew the 7 about swimming. After all, I was good at all 8 of swimming! 9 , I soon found out there was more about teaching swimming than just knowing how to swim. During my first class, I assisted the swimming teacher in teaching a group of five-year-old kids. From that moment on, my 10 of teaching changed. Teaching is communicating. To instruct children, one has to make the lessons 11 and interesting for them to learn. I had to learn many games that would help the children to 12 as swimmers. Such as "Red Light, Green Light" and "Blast-Off." I must devote myself to teaching them and set a(n) 13 example to them. I expected to teach a group of children, but it 14 my students were the ones who taught me how to be a(n) 15 teacher. Not only was it challenging to learn the children's names, but it was also challenging to 16 to their many personalities and moods. There were many 17 that went along with helping these children, among which was seeing a child 18 a task that he or she could not do before they met me. 19 , through the volunteer work, I learned that there would always be rewards by giving, and there would be 20 by making efforts. 1. A. peaceful B. optimistic C. independent D. unforgettable 2. A. learner B. athlete C. Instructor D. official 3. A. student B. assistant C. colleague D. servant 4. A. asked B. taught C. doubted D. explained 5. A. interesting B. ordinary C. challenging D. creative 6. A. declared B. stressed C. assume d D. concluded 7. A. fare B. trick C. ambition D. process 8. A. jobs B. abilities C. components D. styles 9. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise 10. A. expectation B. instruction C. requirement D. assessment 11. A. important B. enjoyable C. famous D. flexible 12. A. develop B. promise C. discuss D. introduce 13. A. extreme B. classic C. active D. secure 14. A. turned out B. figured out C. came out D. pointed out
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语科试题完形填空题一览 1、北京卷 第二节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。 A Race Against Death It was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow. On the 20th of that month, Dr.Welch 36 a Sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious(传染的)disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be 37 if it struck the town. Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38 , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage. How could the medicine get to Nome? The town`s 39 was already full of ice, so it couldn`t come by ship. Cars and horses couldn`t travel on the 40 roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didn`t exist yet. 41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twemty more were 42 . Nome`s town officials came up with a(n) 43 . They would have the medicine sent by 44 from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogeled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—known as “mushers”—would 45 it to Nome in a relay(接力). The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. 46 he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon`s face was black from the extreme cold. On January 31，a musher named Seppala had to 47 a frozen body of water called Norton Sound .It was the most 48 part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice,which could sometimes break up without warning.If that happened,Seppala might fall into the icy water below.He would 49 ,and so would the sick children of Nome.But Seppala made it across. A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.Amusher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point,huge piles of sonw blocked his 50 .He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹)to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to 51 the trail again. The only hope was
完型填空专项练习A For a long time I saw happiness as a huge banner (旗帜) across the finish line of a long race.I felt that only when I__1__certain things could I finally be happy in my life.Most of the time I felt like a tortoise believing that being slow and__2__would win the race.At other times I would__3__like a rabbit trying different side roads at a dangerous __4__hoping to reach that banner a little faster.__5__，I began to see that no matter how long I raced towards it，the banner was never any__6__.I finally decided to__7__and take a break.It was then that I saw my__8__sitting beside me. It had been with me as I__9__hard to support my family，as I played with my children and heard their__10__and even when I was __11__with my wife at my side looking after me.It had been with me as I raced towards that stupid banner.I just didn't have the__12__to see it. There is an old Chinese proverb that says，“Tension is who you think you should be.__13__is who you are.”Perhaps we all should stop our race towards the__14__life we think we should have and __15__the life we have now.Happiness will never be found under some banner far away.It will be found__16__your own heart，soul and mind.It will be found when you__17__that others love you just as you do. Don't be a tortoise or a rabbit when it comes to your happiness.Be a playful puppy and carry your stick of__18__with you everywhere you go.__19__yourself out of the race and realize that when it comes to love and happiness，you are__20__there. 1.A.forgot B．missed C．overcame D．accomplished 2．A.safe B．steady C．calm D．quiet 3．A.act B．run C．jump D．walk 4．A.place B．height C．speed D．time 5．A.Generally B．Gradually C．Fortunately D．Firstly B．lower C．closer 6．A.clearer D．smaller B．start off 7．A.settle in C．stop by D．sit down D．friendship 8．A.happiness B．goal C．success 9．A.studied B．fought C．exercised D．worked C．stories．10D．breathing https://www.doczj.com/doc/ff16549084.html,ughter Bplaints 11.A.lonely B．tired C．sick D．hungry C．wisdom．Dstrength BA.courage．chance ．12B．Relaxation Pain D．C．Failure．13A.Stress
高中英语完形填空解题技巧和训练 一、首句信息 完形填空通常首句不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维导向。英语中首句通常是文章的主题句，把握了主旨句对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。 (广东卷) It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The __1__ is based on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by __2__ situation that has designed for the __3__ children. 1. A. principle B. theory C. argument D. classification 2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living 3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average 二、注意前后语境，暗示信息 考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析及推理的能力。 考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处通常前后多有暗示。 这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。 （广东卷）“As a matter of fact, I’ve got someone in the office at this very moment who might ___49___.” She wrote down a number, and held it out to me, saying: “Ring up this lady. She wants a cook immediately. In fact, you would have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner for ten people.” 49. A. hire B. accept C. suit D. offer 三、注意固定搭配，熟记常见句型， 考查考生对常见的英语固定短语和习惯用法的掌握情况。如动词与名词的搭配；动词与介词或副词的搭配；介词与名词的搭配等。这类搭配在高考完形填空中时有出现。 I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them ___44___the telephone. 44. A. with B. by C. from D. on (陕西)The second rich man, seeing the worrying situation, stopped for a short time and gave the villagers all his food and drink, since he could see that money would be of little __34__ to them. 34. A. interest B. concern C. use D. attraction 四、注意词语辨析 考查考生在特定语境中区别近义词的能力。四个选项词性相同，意义相近，要求在特定的语境中区分它们之间的细微差别。一般说来，其中的两个选项容易排除，难辨的是两个。 Although I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his ___37_ qualities. First of all … 37. A. basic B. special C. common D. particular （全国卷）Once he ___42___ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear. 42. A. also B. nearly C. even D. only
高一英语完形填空专项 训练一 Coca-cola standardization office【ZZ5AB-ZZSYT-ZZ2C-ZZ682T-ZZT18】
1 One morning Raman, a true master of the art of archery (箭术), invited his “How often have you seen me practice the sport of archery” Raman asked rose from three hundred paces away.”
the tree, missing the target by a few meters. one will ever hit a target they cannot see.” 1 A．thought B．seen C．heard D．felt . 2 A．teacher B．boss C．father D．monitor . 3 A．wall B．tree C．pole D．house . A．buried B．educated C．signed D．placed 4
. 5 . A．first B．now C．then D．finally 6 . A．bow B．hammer C．apple D．knife 7 . A．arrow B．shoe C．flower D．bag 8 . A．advised B．expected C．encouraged D．asked 9 . A．planned B．imagined C．requested D．promised 10 .A．angrily B．calmly C．disappointedl y D．sadly 11 . A．never B．almost C．always D．also
例题精选 [例1] Mrs. Jones was over eighty, but she still drove her old car like a woman half her age. She loved driving very fast, and was proud of the fact 1 she had never, in her thirty-five years of driving, been punished 2 a driving offence (犯规，犯法). Then one day she nearly 3 her record. A police car 4 her, and the policemen in it saw her 5 a red light without stopping. Of course, she was stopped. It seemed 6 that she would be punished. 7 Mrs. Jones came up to the judge, he looked at her seriously and said that she was 8 old to drive a car, and that the 9 why she had not stopped at the red 10 was most probably that her eyes had become weak 11 old age, so that she had simply not seen it. When the judge had finished what he was 12, Mrs. Jones opened the big handbag she was 13 and took out her sewing. Without saying a word, she 14 a needle with a very small eye, and threaded it at her first attempt. When she had 15 done this, she took the thread out of the needle again and handed 16 the needle and the thread to the judge, saying, “Now it is your 17. I suppose you drive a car, and that you are quite sure about your own eyesight.” The judge took the 18 and tried to thread it. After half a dozen tries, he had still not succeeded. The case (案例) against Mrs. Jones was 19, and her record 20 unbroken. 1. A. which B. when C. that D. this 2. A. about B. on C. to D. for 3. A. kept B. won C. missed D. lost 4. A. watched B. after C. followed D. ran after 5. A. pass B. go C. run D. rush 6. A. sure B. indeed C. certain D. perhaps 7. A. Before B. While C. Until D. When 8. A. so B. very C. too D. quite 9. A. cause B. reason C. matter D. trouble
20 Peter’s job was to examine cars when they crossed the frontier to make sure that they were not smuggling anything into the country. Every evening he would see a factory worker coming __1__ the hill towards the frontier, __2__ a bike with a pile of goods of old straw on it. When the bike __3__ the frontier, Peter would stop the man and __4__ him take the straw off and untie it. Then he would examine the straw very __5__ to see __6__ he could find anything, after which he would look in all the man’s pocket s __7__ he let him tie the straw again. The man would then put it on his bike and go off down the hill with it. Although Peter was always __8__ to find gold or other valuable things __9__ in the straw, he never found __10__. He was sure the man was __11__ something, but he was not __12__ to think out what it could be. Then one evening, after he had looked __13__ the straw and emptied the worker’s pockets __14__ usual, he __15__ to him, “Listen, I know you are smuggling things __16__ this frontier. Won’t you tell me what it is? I’m an old man, and today’s my last day on the __17__. Tomorrow I’m going to __18__. I promise I shall not tell __19__ if you tell me what you’ve been smuggling.” The worker did not say anything for __20__. Then he smiled, turned to Pe ter and said quietly, “Bikes.” 1. A. towards B. down C. to D. up 2. A. filling B. pulling C. pushing D. carrying 3. A. arrived B. appeared C. came D. reached 4. A. ask B. order C. make D. call 5. A. carefully B. quickly C. silently D. horribly 6. A. that B. where C. how D. whether 7. A. before B. after C. first D. so 8. A. lucky B. hoping C. thinking D. wondering 9. A. had been B. hidden C. hiding D. have been 10. A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything 11. A. taking B. smuggling C. stealing D. pushing 12. A. possible B. strong C. able D. clever 13. A. through B. thoroughly C. upon D. up 14. A. like B. more C. then D. as 15. A. told B. cried C. ordered D. said 16. A. cross B. past C. across D. into
完型填空( 20小题，每小题1.5分, 共30分) Jenkins was jeweler, who had made a large diamond ring worth 57,000 for the Siltstone Jewellery Shop. When it was ready, he made copy of it which looked __1__ like the first one but was worth only 2,000. This he took to the shop, Which __2__ it without a question. Jenkins gave the much more __3__ ring to his wife for her fortieth birthday. Then, the husband and wife __4__ to Paris for a weekend. As to the __5__ ring, the shop sold it for 60,000. Six months later the buyer __6__ it back to Siltstone’s office. “ It’s a faulty diamond,” he said, “It isn’t worth the high __7__ I paid.” Then he told them the__8__ . His wife’s car had caught fire in an __9__ . She had escaped, __10__ the ring had fallen off and been damaged in the great__11__ of the fire. The shop had to __12__ , They knew that no fire on earth can__13__ damage a perfect diamond. Someone had taken the __14__ diamond and put a faulty one in its place. The question was: Who __15__ it? A picture of the ring appeared in the __16__ . A reader thought he __17__ the ring. The next day, another picture appeared in the papers which __18__ a famous dancer walking out to a plane for Paris. Behind the dancer there was a woman __19__ a large diamond ring. “Do you know the__20__ with the lovely diamond ring?” the papers asked their readers. Several mouths later, Jenkins was sentenced to seven years in prison. 1. A. only B. surely C. nearly D. exactly 2 A . accepted B. received C. refused D. rejected 3. A. real B. modern C. worthy D. valuable 4. A. flew B. drove C. sailed D. bicycle 5. A. first B. second C. last D. next 6. A. sold B. posted C. brought D. returned 7. A. cost B. money C. price D. value 8. A. facts B. matters C. questions D. results 9. A. affair B. accident C. incident D. experience 10. A. so B. or C. but D. and 11. A. pile B. heat C. power D. pressure 12. A. think B. agree C. permit D. promise 13. A. almost B. even C. just D. ever 14. A . real B. pure C. right D. exact 15. A. copied B. made C. stole D. did 16. A. notices B. magazines C .newspapers D. programmers 17. A. saw B. knew C. found D. recognized 18. A. showed B. drew C. printed D. carried 19. A. carrying B. dressing C. wearing D. holding 20. A. dancer B. woman C. reader D. jeweler 完形填空专项练习（三）
做好高考英语完形填空的14种技巧 1?跳读首尾句进行预测一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句J便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了When J where, who, What，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味；若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文；若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。 首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对 文章主题的总结。所以，它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对我们理解全文有着重 要的启示作用。因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文 章的脉络与线索。 EVel yn Glennie WaS the first IaCly Of SOIO PerCUSSi On in SCOtIancl .In an in terview, She recalled how She became a PerCUSSi On SOIOiS 打（击乐器独奏演员）in SPite Of her CliSabiIity.本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员EVel yn GIe nnie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息，下面我们可以猜想EVeIyn GIe nnie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难，而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器，EVeIyn GIennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。 2.利用语法分析解题完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的 题目。对于这 类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词（组）的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如：__ 51 ____ do you SUPPOSe he asked for them? 51 ? A. What B. HOW C. WhO D. WhiCh 【解析】本题中，do you SUPPOSe为插入成分。he asked for them是一个相对独立和完整的句子，因此空格处应该用副词HOW来修饰谓语动词asked,而不能用代词What5 WhO或WhiChO __ 8 ____ I had been born in the 16th CentUry J I WOUICl have had no job. 8.A. BeCaUSe B. While C. If D. SinCe 【解析】根据后面的I had been born in the 16th CentUry可知这只是个假设 5 是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用if引导。 3.利用固定搭配解题完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和 同义词、近义词 的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语"，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨
高考完形填空专项训练步步高 抓好三方面●跨好三大步●做好三结合 ------谈完形填空解题技巧中学生在做完形填空题时存在的问题，概括起来有以下三方面： 1.不善于抓文章的主旨大意，并以此为中心展开对整篇文章的推理、判断，导致理解上出现偏差，甚至和文章的中心相悻。 2.容易受定势思维的影响，对文意分析不透，忽视特定语境中知识的运用。 3.对完形填空题怀有厌倦、畏惧心理，以至做题时处于应付状态，做题能力得不到提高。 那么，怎样才能提高做完形填空题的能力呢？我们应从以下三方面入手训练思维能力和解题技巧：抓准主旨、透析文意、理清逻辑。并在做题过程中把这三方面与做完形填空的三大步骤“通读、精读、复读”有机结合，明确每步的思维主攻方向。即抓好三方面，跨好三大步，做好三结合。 一、通读短文抓主旨 一般情况下，完形填空短文都不给标题，不容易把握文章的主题和大意。但短文首句通常不设空格，这就为我们窥视文章全貌提供了一个窗口，而尾句往往是文章的总结、结论或点睛之笔，所以抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是必要的。借助于首尾句给予的启示，克服不良心理的影响，满怀信心，全神贯注，目光越过空格，注意能体现文章大意的关键词句，尽力从整体上理解短文大意，这是逐空填词的重要依据和基础。如果一开始就忙于见空填空，势必无法从整体上把握全文概要，无法形成连贯的思路，只见树木不见森林，理解偏离文章的中心，造成顾，此失彼的错误，甚至影响做题速度。 抓住了文章的主旨大意后，我们围绕主旨大意去阅读、预测、推理、判断，往往会收到事半功倍的效果。尤其是一些干扰性强，容易使人犯想当然错误的选项就会迎刃而解。 二、精读短文析文意 在基本抓住文章的主旨后，应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境做深人的理解，克服“定势思维”，根据全文大意和词不离句，句不离文的原则，逐项填空。切不可以单纯的词汇辨析或语法角度去做题，而应以能否恰如其分地表达文意作为选择最佳答案的唯一标准。要吃透文意，理解到位，我们应做到以下几点： 1.从上下文的角度考虑，注意其内在联系。就题论题，断章取义，忽视上下文的信息提示是我们常犯的错误。因此我们在做题时要注重暗含的信息提示，找准突破口，确保文意畅通。 2.从词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的角度去考虑，准确判断。NMET完形填空题中考查词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的题目逐年增多，必须结合上下文把握文意，研读