高中英语语法之省略
英语中省略现象较为普遍，对省略的考查已成为高考中的热点。句子成分的省略，可分为以下几种情况：
为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都能够省去。Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法
一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式
（am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。
1、when，while引导的时间状语从句
e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.
When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.
2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句
e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.
I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited.
Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.
3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的
让步状语从句
e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.
Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.
No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.
（注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式）
4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句
e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a
long sleep.
He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作）
二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语实行比较时，
一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。
e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).
I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.
三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，
there is/are。
e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.
If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5：00 pm.
There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any.
Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法
关系词的省略：关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，能够省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。
e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.
I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.
Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略
1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形
成倒装句。
e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句
中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should能够省略。
e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.
Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略
1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定
式作宾语时，不定式省略to。(一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch)
2、do nothing but，can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。
E.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.
Hearing the news, she couldn’t help but cry.
3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，
try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。
E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to.
Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’m afraid等连用
e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? – I suppose not.
Ⅵ、日常交际中的省略
在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。
e.g. – How many copies do you want? -- (I want) Three copies, please.
-- Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -- No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).
省略句练习
1. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004全国卷II)
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全国卷IV)
A. questioning
B. having questioned
C. questioned
D. to be questioned
3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003 安徽春)
A. seeing
B. having seen
C. to have seen
D. to see
4. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003上海卷)
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
5. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海春)
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
6. When ________ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春)
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
7. Though ________ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. (NMET 2002上海卷)
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
8. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002)
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
9. —You 're always working. Come on, let's go shopping.
— ________ you ever want to do is going shopping. (NMET 2002北京、安徽、内蒙古春)
A. Anything
B. Something
C. All
D. That
10. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(NMET 2002上海春)
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
D. why he explained
11. What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it. (NMET 2004湖北卷)
A. the way
B. in the way that
C. in the way
D. the way which
12. It is easy to do the repair. ________ you need is a hammer and some nails. (NMET 2004天津卷)
A. Something
B. All
C. Both
D. Everything
13. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ________ he's done for you. (NMET 2004全国卷)
A. something
B. anything
C. all
D. that
14. As you've never been there before, I'll have someone ________ you the way. (MET 1990上海卷)
A. to show
B. show
C. showing
D. showed
15. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all, ________ . (NMET 1995)
A. I have no time
B. I'd rather not
C. I'd like it
D. I'd be happy to
16. —Does your brother intend to study German?
—Yes, he intends ________ . (NMET 1998上海卷)
A. /
B. to
C. so
D. that
17. —Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?
— ________ . (NMET 1999上海卷)
A. Yes, I'd like to go to the Grand Theatre
B. I'd like to, but I have an exam tomorrow
C. No, I won't
D. That's right
18. —You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere. (NMET 2000北京春招卷)
A. to do
B. to
C. doing
D. doing to
19. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. (NMET 1994上海卷)
A. Were
B. Should
C. Would
D. Will
20. ________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. (NMET 1995上海卷)
A. If it is not
B. Were
C. Had it not been
D. If they were not
21. I will know what was on his mind at the time, nor will ________ . (NMET 2004 江苏卷)
A. anyone
B. anyone else
C. no one
D. no one else
22. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither ________ any end to their influence on man's lives. (NMET 2004 广东卷)
A. there is
B. there are
C. is there
D. are there
23. —I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!
— ________ . (NMET 2004全国卷III)
A. Nor am I
B. Neither would I
C. Same with me
D. So do I
Keys：
1—5 BCDBA 6—10 AADCA 11—15 AACBD 16—20 BBBBC 21—23 BCB
1.省略主语，主谓语或谓语的一部分
a. 主语
例句：1 (I)Beg your pardon. 2 (It)Sounds like a good idea.
b. 主谓语或谓语的一部分
例句：1(Is there)Anything I can do for you? 2(Is) Anybody here?
2.不定式符号to的省略
3.不定式结构中动词的省略
例句：1 A：Would you like to come to the paety? B：I'd love to(come to the party.)
2.They do not visit their parentys as much as they ought to(visit their parents).
4.状语从句中的省略
状语从句的省略有以下几种情况：
（1）在状语从句中主语与主句的主语一致，同时从句中又含有动词be则通常可省去从句中的主语和动词be，留下其余部分。
e.g.1.She stood at the gate as if （she was ）waiting for someone. 她站在门口好像在等人。
e.g．2. Don’t speak until （you are ）spoken to. 有人对你说话时你才说。
e.g.3 .Be careful while （you are）crossing the road. 过马路时要当心。
e.g.4 .When (it is) heated, ice can turn into water. 冰经过加热能变成水。
（2）若状语从句中主语是it，动词是系动词be，则通常可省去主语it及系动词be，留下其余部分。
e.g.1. Though (it was) cold，he still wore a shirt．天气虽然冷，他还穿一件衬衫。
e.g.2. Come tomorrow if (it is) possible．可能的话就明天来吧。
e.g.3. If (it is) so，you must get back and get it．如果这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。
e.g.4.I’11 buy a TV set if (it is) necessary．如有必要，我就买一台电视机。
（3）状语从句中的部分内容若与主句的部分内容相同，可将从句中的此部分内容省去。
e.g. He has no money．If (he has) any，he will give us．他没有钱，如果有，他会给我们的。
让我们先看下面几道历年高考试题：
1.When______, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed(2002年上海春季试题)
答案：A 。
分析：When completed, 是时间状语从句的省略，其之间省略了it is, 原句可变为：
When it is completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.
2.Unless______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited(2003年上海春季试题)
答案：A 。
分析：Unless______ to speak，是条件状语从句的省略，其之间省略了you are, 原句可变为：
Unless you are invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
3.If______ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.
A. giving
B. give
C. given
D. being given(1998年上海高考试题)
答案：C 。
分析：If______ the same treatment again, 也是条件状语从句的省略，其之间省略了he is, 原句可变为：
If he is the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.
4.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when______ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning
B. having questioned
C. questioned
D. to be questioned(2004年甘肃、青海等省市高考试题)
答案：C 。
分析：…when______ at the meeting by my boss. 是时间状语从句的省略，其之间省略了I was, 原句可变为：
It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when I was questioned at the meeting by my boss.
5. When first______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced(2004年吉林、四川等省市高考试题)
答案：B 。
分析：When first______ to the market, 也是时间状语从句的省略，其之间省略了they were, 原句可变为：
When they were first introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
一．时间状语从句的省略。这类从句主要由when，while，as soon as，once，until等引导。例如：
1.When (he was) still a boy of ten, he started working to support himself.
2.Don't leave the machine till (you are) told to.
3.I'll let you know as soon as (it is) arranged.
但要注意，before和after虽然也能够用作连词引导时间状语从句，却不能用于这类省略主语和be的结构。例如：
The plan should be discussed once again before it is carried out.
上句不能改为：
The plan should be discussed once again before carried out.
上句也能够改为：
The plan should be discussed once again before being carried out. (句中before不是连词而是介词，后面的being carried out是V-ing形式短语作介词的宾语，整个句子是简单句，而不是复合句。
二．地点状语从句中的省略。主要由where, wherever引导。例如：
1.He is always ready to help others wherever (he is) needed.
2.You can add some words to your composition where (it is) necessary.
三．条件状语从句的省略。主要由if，unless引导。例如：
1.She won't go to his birthday party unless (she is ) invited.
2.The news is quite important to us, if (it is) true.
但若if引导的是表示假设的虚拟条件句，虽具备条件，可不能用于这类省略。这时如果if从句的谓语动词中含有were，had，should，则能够用倒装省略，即将were，had或should提到句首，而将连词if省略。例如：
Were it not for you, I would also go there with them.
Had you come here earlier, you would have met him.
Should it be fine tomorrow, we would go for an outing.
另外，当once作"一旦，一经"解，连接时间或条件状语从句，其主语与主句的主语相同或其主语为it + be时，常省略从句中的主语或it + be。例如：
Once (it was) published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
Once (you) lose confidence, you can never expect to do your work well.
四．让步状语从句的省略。主要由though，although，however，whatever，even if，even though，no matter how/what引导。例如：
1.Though (he had been) defeated many times, he didn't lose heart.
2.They worked very hard, though (he was) still rather weak.
与if引导的虚拟条件从句不能用这类省略一样，as引导的让步状语从句同样不能省略。不过如果让步状语从句由as引导时，从句中的表语（一般是形容词或名词）或状语必须提前到as前，构成倒装。如果作表语的是单数可数名词，则还须省略不定冠词。例如：
Poor as he was, he was honest.
Hard as he tried, he still failed.
Much as I like her, I won't marry her.
Child as he is, he can express himself in good English.
五．原因状语从句的省略。主要由because引导。例如：
1.He decided not to watch the foot ball match because (he was) not himself.
2.I forget to post the letter for you because (I was) too busy.
六．比较状语从句的省略。主要由as，than引导。例如：
1.In winter it is much colder in Beijing than (it is) in Shanghai.
2.The project was completed earlier than (it was) expected.
3.Mary is not so shy as (she was) a year ago when I first met her.
七．方式状语从句的省略。主要由as，as if引导。例如：
1.The old man sat at the corner alone, as if (he was) thinking of something.
2.English is not so difficult to learn, as (it is) generally supposed.
综上所述，不难发现：这些省略形式的状语从句大都以"从属连词+形容词（副词、介词短语、不定式短语、现在分词或过去分词）"构成的。省略后的句子不但意思清楚，不会引起误解，而且结构紧凑，语言简练流畅，读起来明快生动。
5.定语从句中关系词的省略
6.虚拟语气中if和should的省略
7.考查not,so,neither,nor的“替代性”省略
练习
1.The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him _____.
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
2.The traditional goal of science is to discover how things are, not how they ought ____.
A. to
B. to be
C. be
D. have been
3.---Did you work in the lab every afternoon? ---No, but sometimes, I wish I ____.
A. had time to
B. had time to do
C. have time to
D. have time
4.---I hope the children won’t touch the dog. ----I’ve warned them ____.
A. not
B. not to
C. not touch
D. not do
5.Some students are going to China in summer vacation, and ____.
A.some are to America
B. some going to America
C. some to America
D. some America
6.The workers did all ___ good care of the old man.
A. they could to take
B. they could take
C. which they could to take
D. what they could to take
7.Of all the things in the world, I think life and love are ____.
A.very much precious
B. more than precious
C. the preciousest
D. the most precious
8.The photographs of other planets taken by satellite are clear than ___.
A. the earth
B. those taken from the earth
C. those of the earth
D. of the earth
9.why ___? It is not very serious.
A. to worry
B. worry
C. not worry
D. you are worried
10.___ the road, don’t forget to look both ways.
A. As crossing
B. While you cross
C. While crossing
D. Cross
11.Chemistry is the science of substances ___ the science of energy.
A. and is physics
B. or is physics
C. and physics
D. or physics is
12. –Who broke the window? --- ____.
A. Him
B. He
C. He broke
D. It is him
13.---Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. --- Why ___? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me
14.---How do you find your missing pen? ----___.
A.Quite by accident
B. I found it in my drawer.
C. It writes well
D. It was well kept by myself.
15.---You must obey every word of mine. ----____ I don’t.?
A. How if
B. What if
C. Such as
D. Only if
16.When ___, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
17. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ____ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
18.I won’t go to his party next time. It couldn’t have been ____ in fact.
A. any better
B. any worse
C. so bad
D. the best
19. ---Does Bill do his new job well?
---_____ his old job. I am afraid there is no hope for him.
A. Not better than
B. No better than
C. Not so well as
D. Not as well as
20.---Leaving for Shanghai? ---____.
A. Soon
B. Lately
C. The other day
D. Sooner
21.The rent is expensive. I’ve got half the space I had at home and I’m paying ____here.
A. as three times much
B. as much three times
C. much as three times
D. three times as much
22. —Wait until we get a satisfactory one, will you? ---I couldn’t agree ___, It sounds good to me.
A. much
B. worse
C. more
D. at all
23. ——I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
——Not at all. ______________.
A. I’ve no time
B. I’d rather not
C. I’d like it
D. I’d be happy to
24. ——Let me introduce myself. I’m Albert. ——____________.
A.What a pleasure
B. It’s my pleasure
C. Pleased to meet you
D. I’m very pleased
25. ——Do you mind my taking this seat？——__________.
A. Yes, sit down
B. No, of course not
C. Yes, take it please
D. No, you can’t take it
26. ——I usually go there by train. ——Why not _____by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go
D. try going
27. Unless________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
28. Though_______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
29. The research is so designed that once _____nothing can be done to change it..
begins B having begun C. beginning D. begun
30. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if________ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
31. ______, he doesn’t want to go to school and keep in touch with the bad boys.
A. As he is a student
B. He is as student
C. Student as he is
D. As students he is
32. ——The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? ——_________.
A. I guess not so
B. I don’t guess
C. I don’t guess so
D. I guess not
33. In a way, I think we both won：I the game, but cousin Ed my ______.
A.friendship
B. respect
C. support
D. favor
34. — I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What should I do?—Don’t speak until _____. A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. speaking to
35. — How are you getting on with your work?
—Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as _____.
A. plans
B. planning
C. planned
D. to plan
36. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, _____, refusing them when they turn to him.
A. if never
B. if ever
C. if not
D. if any
37. While _____ holding talks with President Hu Jintao, US President George W. Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.
A. he is
B. he was
C./
D. B or C
38. —You should have thanked her before you left. — I meant _____, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere
A. to thank
B. to
C. /
D. thanking
39. When first _____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
40. I wonder why you won't do it as _____. It's the third time you have done so.
A. told to
B. be told
C. told you
D. you told
41. He is rather difficult to make friends with, but his friendship, _____ is more true than any other. A. once gained B. when to gain C. after is gained D. while gaining
42. You may take them all home _____.
A. if possible
B. if can
C. if impossible
D. if you are possible
43. Water, _____ enough, can change into vapor quickly
A. when heated
B. while heating
C. when to be heated
D. when is heated
44. —Should I look up each word that I don’t understand?
— No, turn to your dictionary only when _____.
A. you are necessary
B. you need
C. necessary
D. you are needed
45. — You seem to have lost your way. _____? — I'm looking for Wangfujing Street.
A. What for
B. Need help
C. Why so
D. Where to
答案：1-5ABABC 6-10ADBBC 11-15CADCB 16-20ADBBA 21-25DCDCB 26-30DACDD 31-35CDABC 36-40CDBBA 41-45AAACB
Before the 17th century, most of the native English speakers lived in England. After the 17th century, British people began to move to other ___66___ (country). Gradually, English was spoken there. At present ___67___ (many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. ___68___ (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. English ___69___ (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries. The English ___70___ (speak) in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different ___71___ the modern English we speak today. It was the new settlers that enriched the English language and ___72___ (especial) its vocabulary. The English language was settled by the 19th century ___73___ two big changes in English spelling happened. English now is also spoken as a foreign ___74___second language in South Asia. China may have the ___75___ (large) number of English learners. 66.【答案】countries 【解析】考查名词。country是可数名词，此处由other修饰用复数形式，指其他的国家。故填countries. 67. 【答案】more 【解析】考查比较级。根据句中的than ever before可知含有和以前比较的意思，要用比较级表示更多的人，故填more. 68. 【答案】Luckily 【解析】考查副词。此处单独使用作状语要用副词形式，指“幸运的是”，故填Luckily. 69. 【答案】has changed 【解析】考查时态。根据句意和时间状语over the past centuries可知与现在完成时连用，主语是单数，故填has changed. 70. 【答案】spoken 【解析】考查过去分词。English和动词speak是被动关系，此处是过去分词作定语，故填spoken. 71. 【答案】from 【解析】考查固定短语。be different from“和…不同”，是固定短语。故填from. 72. 【答案】especially 【解析】考查副词。especial是形容词“特殊的，特别的”；especially是副词“尤其，特别”。
（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
专题一名词、介词和数词 1．The_________is just around the corner and you won’t miss it． A．bicycle’s shop B．bicycle shop C．bicycles shop D．bicycles’shop 2．Rose was wild with joy________the result of the examination． A．to B．at C．by D．as 3．________people in the world are sending information by E-mail every-day． A．Several million B．Many millions C．Several millions D．Many million 4．This is not a match．We’re playing chess just for________． A．habit B．hobby C．fun D．game 5．No matter what you do，you should put your________into it． A．mind B．heart C．brain D．thought 6．There are usually at least two________of looking at every question． A．means B．directions C．views D．ways 7．My chest________when I make a deep breath，doctor． A．harms B．wounds C．hurts D．injures 8．The home improvements have taken what little there is________my spare time． A．from B．in C．of D．at 9．Luckily，the bullet narrowly missed the captain________an inch． A．by B．at C．to D．from 10．To regain their________after an exhausting game，the players lay in the grass． A．force B．energy C．power D．health 11．According to the recent research，heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily________and effect． A．reason B．impact C．fact D．cause 12．Every new________has the possibility of making or losing money． A．event B．venture C．adventure D．expedition 13．The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism________the wildlife in the area． A．in B．off C．at D．with 14．The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took________pictures of them． A．many of B．masses of C．the number of D．a large amount of 15．“I don’t think it's my________that the TV blew up．I just turned it on，that’s a11．”said the boy． A．error B．mistake C．fault D．duty 16．One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ________in the number of natural disasters． A．result B．account C．reason D．increase 17. Life is tough in the city．In order to lose their________，some people drink alcohol． A．temper B．mood C．consciousness D．pressures 18．I don’t mind picking up your things from the store．________，the walk will do! me good． A．Sooner or later B．Still C．In time D．Besides 19．The accident is reported to have occurred _______the first Sunday in February． A．at B．on C．in D．to 20．________two exams to worry about，I have to work really hard this weekend． A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of 21．He got to the station early，________missing his train．． A．in case of B．instead of C．for fear of D．in search of 22． I feel that one of my main duties________a teacher is to help the students to be．
专题十六倒装句和省略句重难点分析 一、倒装句 倒装句主要考查以下几个方面： ◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装； ◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。 1. 倒装句用法一览表：
2. 特别提示 (1) there be结构的倒装句型中，除了be动词之外，there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住着一位老人。 (2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时不到装。如：Away it flew. 它飞走了。 (3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装，主句倒装，但是主语为代词时不倒装。如：“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它，”她说。 (4) so位于句首不倒装的情况：
① 主语与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。如： — Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。 — So he does. 确实是。 ② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如： — Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好，经常帮助处于困境中的人。 — So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。 (5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意： ①句首有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子，却能够明辨是非。 ②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如： Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。 (6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中，如果是复合句，只有主句用倒装，从句不用。如： Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。 二、省略句 高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。 省略句用法一览表：
高一英语语法填空专题练习 (10篇) （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 一 once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32 first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 33 very large stone. Then he 34 (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.“Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. 35 man came along and did the same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night 38 (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 40 the stone, he found a bag of money. 二· Crying marriage? 31 (surprise), isn’t it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and 32 (remain) in fashion 33 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a 34 (necessary) to marriage procedure. It is very much 35 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding. 36 , the bride’s neighbors would look down upon 37 as a poorly cultivated girl and she would become the laughingstock of the village. In fact, there were cases 38 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony. In a word, crying at wedding is a 39 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words. However, in the 40 (arrange) marriages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life. 三 In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are neccessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear ______31________spoken.. Secondly, we must be able to speak it correctly with confidence and without hesitation. _____32_______ ,we must be able to read the language , and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct. There is no easy way to success _____33_______ language learning. _____34________ good memory is of great help, but it is not enough only _____35________(memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long list of words and ______36_________meaning, studying the dictionary
高三毕业总复习语法专项练习题1 1. —Have you enjoyed your visit here? —Yes, I’ll be very sorry _____. A. for leaving B. of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving 2. —I’ll help you whenever you need me. —Good. I’d like _____ me tomorrow. A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help 3. —Where did he go? —He went to another store _____. A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils 4. —My baby has a heart trouble. —Did the doctor find it difficult _____? A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat 5. —Did the judge ask you many questions? —Yes, and _____. A.they were difficult to be answered B.to answer them was to be difficult C.they were difficult to answer D.they had difficulty in answering 6. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 7. Last summer I took a course on _____. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made 8. I know him _____ a good basketball player while in college. A. to have been B. to be C. was D. had been 9. I was surprised _____. A. watching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly C. watching him eat so quickly D. to watch him eat so quickly 10. Now we could not do anything but _____ for him here. A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait 11. I don’t know her and I don’t _____. A. want B. want to C. want it D. want so 12. To play fair is as important as _____. A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well 13. It’s most foolish _____ so. A. for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D. in your saying 14. I have no pen _____. A. writing B. to write C. to write with D. to be writing 15. Those letters are _____ to the countryside right away. A. to be sent B. sending C. to have been sent D. sent 16. _____ our wishes, we must try our best to work well. A. Realizing B. To realize C. Realized D. Having realized 17. Would you please _____ on the table? A. don’t write B. not to write C. not write D. not writing 18. Tom pretended _____ something when his mother came in. A. writing B. to write C. to be writing D. being written 19. We are all afraid _____ by robbers. A. to rob B. to be robbed C. of robbing D. of being robbed 20. I’m sorry _____ off the light when I left the room. A. to forget to turn B. to have forgotten to turn C. to have forgotten turning D. to be forgetting turning 21. The child had no choice but _____. A. to cry B. cry C. crying D. cried
高中英语语法易错题专题复习练习 1. My uncle bought me ___ MP4 as my birthday present yesterday. A. an B. a C. the D. / 【答案】A 【解析】此题题意为“叔叔昨天给我买了一个MP4 作为生日礼物”，故答案在A 和B 中选择，MP4 的首字母M 发音为元音，和首字母M 是辅音没有关系，故答案为A。 2. We decided to buy the flat because there was ____ underground station within walking distance and we could both take ___ underground to work. A. a, an B. an, an C. the, \ D. an, the 【答案】D 【解析】此题第一个空根据句意判断有一个地铁站，又根据underground 的发音 判断首字母发元音，故答案为an；第二个空考查乘地铁的两种说法by underground & take an underground，但是此处考查的是特指乘公寓附近的这个地铁去上班， 故要填the，综合两空答案为D 3. Gold is similar __ color ___ brass（黄铜）.
A. in, with B. in, to C. of, with D. of, to 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查similar 的搭配， A be similar to B ，相似于 A be the same with B，有一定混淆性，另外表达在某方面相似，搭配介词in，故答案为B。 4. What a dangerous scene! A car has missed the boy playing on the roadside __ only an inch. A. within B. for C. by D. at 【答案】C 【解析】本题题意为“一辆车差一点撞到那个在路边玩耍的男孩”，容易误导学生错选 A ，表示在一英寸以内，而真实意思是差一英尺，在英语中表示增长、降低、或者差距的正确表达是by+数字，故答案为C。 5. The girl has some balloons in her hand. One is red, ___ are yellow. A. others B. another C. the other D. the rest 【答案】D 【解析】此题题意为“那个女孩手上有一些气球，一个是红色的，其余的是黄色
在英语语言中，为了使语言简洁明了，重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变，这种语言现象称之为省略。现就英语中的种种省略现象分析如下： 一、并列复合句中的省略 在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如： a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。 b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。 c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球，玛丽一直在写作业。 d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于1959 年，傅彪出生于1963 年。 二、主从复合句中的省略 1．状语从句中的省略 一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once 等引导的时间状语从句；由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由though , although ,even if ,whatever 等引导的让步状语从句；由as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。
高中英语所有语法专题大汇总 高中阶段的英语学习，其实就是学语法、记单词和研究并熟练题型。其中，语法是大多数同学最头疼的问题，原因在于其内容之繁杂和零散，因此，老师将高中英语所有语法专题总结在一起，供大家系统学习。（老师以过来人的身份告诉你哦，高中是系统学习语法的最佳时机，到了大学，就主要是以背单词为主了！） 专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况
高中英语语法练习题-高考精粹 1. Ms Nancy didn't mind at all ______ to the ceremony. A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited 2. "_____ your meeting is!" he offered them his sincere congratulations. A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success 3. We must remember that _____fashion is not the most important thing in _______ life. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the 4. It _____ quite a few years _____ the accused was declared innocent and set free. A. was; since B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before 5. The professor said he could talk on _____ interested the audience. A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it 6.Under no circumstance _____ to tell lies to parents. A. children are allowed B. are children allowed C. children will allow D. will children allow 7.Modern science and technology has _____ communication between people far apart. A. made convenient B. made it convenient C. made it convenient for D. made it convenient to 8.I heard that you really had a wonderful time at John's birthday party, _____? A. didn't I B. didn't you C. hadn't you D. will you 9.The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things _____ to teach you the art of learning. A. as B. that C. than D. but 10.No matter how frequently _____ the works of Beethoven always attract a large number of people.
高中英语语法填空专项训练八 A Adam is 46. freshman in senior high school. 47. (go) from junior high school to senior high school is a really big difficulty to him. The first week was a little confusing. First, he had to think very carefully about 48. courses he wanted to take. On the 49. (recommend) of the school adviser, he chose the suitable ones. Chinese is a very difficult language for him, but he hopes to be fluent when he 50. (graduate). As for extra-curricular 51. (activity), he tried to join the school football team, but the coach refused because of his poor performance. 52. (obvious), he was unhappy, but he won’t quit. He joined a volunteer club instead. Every Wednesday, he works at a soup kitchen and hands 53. food to homeless people in the community. 54. he is worried about keeping up with the other students in his advanced course and it’ll be quite difficult 55. (get) used to all the homework, he is happy to be there. He will be well prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future. B The following true story happened several years ago in the Paris Opera. A famous singer had agreed 71. (sing), and ticket sales were increasing. As a matter of fact, the night of the concert found the house packed and all the 72. (ticket) sold. The feeling of excitement was in the air as the house manager took the stage and said, “Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your enthusiastic support. I′m afraid because 73. illness, the man whom you come to hear will not be performing tonight. But we have found a person to take 74. (he) place. He will provide you with 75. same joy.” Hearing this, the crowd shouted in 76. (disappoint) and failed to hear the announcer mention the stand-in’s name. The stand-in performer tried his best. When he had finished, there was nothing 77. an uncomfortable silence. No one applauded (鼓掌). 78. (sudden), a little boy stood up and shouted, “Daddy, I think you are wonderful!” In a moment, the crowd 79. (break) into thunderous applause. We all need people in our lives 80. are willing to stand up once in a while and say, “I think you are wonderful.”