ellipsis
t
I、状语从句中的省略用法
如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式(am/is/are/was/were，可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。
1、when，while引导的时间状语从句
e.g. Do be careful whe n (you are) cross ing the street.
Whe n/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.
2、if，unless, once引导的条件状语从句
e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.
I ' ll not go to the party uni ess (I am) in vited.
Once (you are) caught steali ng in a supermarket, you will be puni shed.
3、t hough, although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who 等引导的让步
状语从句
e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.
Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.
No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.
(注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式)
4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句
e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yaw ned as if/though (he was) wak ing up after a
long sleep.
He stood up as if/though (he wan ted) to leave.as if/though + to do 表示一个将来的动作)
than, as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时，一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语( be动词除外)和主句中
的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。
e.g. He is taller tha n his brother (is).
I have as much as con fide nee in you as (I have con fide nee) in him.
三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is, that is,
there is/ara
e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.
If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.
There are on ly a few books in our school library, if (there are) any.
U、定语从句中的省略用法
关系词的省略关系代词that, which, whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语
且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。
e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.
I don ' t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.
川、虚拟语气中if及should的省略
1、当条件状语从句中有were, had, should等时省略if,把它们提至句首，形成倒装
句。
e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my stude nts.
=Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my stude nts.
2、Sugges, insist, order, require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句
中，谓语动词常用“should动词原形” should可以省略。
e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.
W、不定式符号to的省略
1、感官动词see hear, feel, watch等和使役动词have, make, let等后接不定式作宾
语时，不定式省略to°(—感feel,二听hear, listen to,三让have, let, make,
see, look at, observe, watch)
2 do nothing but can t help but E.g. We did n t do anything but stay at home watch ing TV yesterday.
Heari ng the n ews, she could n want wish hope
E.g. My pare nts en couraged me to go to college, but I did n
So not
so/not
believe do expect fear guess hope say speak suppose thi nk I m afraid e.g. Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? I suppose not. e.g. How many copies do you want? -- (I want) Three copies, please.
--Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -- No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).
1 Lucy could you please spare me a few minu tes?
___ but I hope "a few minu tes" won't tur n into a few hours.
A. It does n't matter
B. That's kind of you
2、一Hey , taxi!
to
t help but cry.
try pla n like love hate to
be have be have
t want to.
—I want to go to the den tist's.
A. Good morning, sir.
B. Nice to see you, sir.
C. Where to, sir?
D. What are you going to do, sir?
3、T he doctor expresses his strong desire that the patient _____ i mmediately.
A. be operated on
B. operated on
C. was operated on
D. would be operated on
4、W hen he came back, he found the bag he had ____ over the seat was gone.
A. left to hang
B. left hanging
C. left hung
D. to leave hanging
5、L iu Xiang spoke slowly to the Special Olympic competitors so as to have them ___ .
A. un dersta nd him
B. to be un derstood
C. be un derstood
D. to un dersta nd him
6、—Are there any En glish story books for us stude nts in the library?
—There are only a few, ____ .
A. if any
B. if have
C. if some
D. if has
8、—Does Betty know where her violin is?
—She saw somebody walk ing off with one, but she does n't know __ .
A. whose
B. it
C. whom
D. which
9、—Aren't you the man ager?
—No, and I ___ .
A. don't want
B. don't want to
C. don't want to be
D. don't
10 How are you gett ing on with your work?
Oh, I'm sorry. Things aren't going so well as ___ .
A. pla ns
B. pla nning
C. pla nned
D. to pla n
11 What's the matter with you?
I did n't pass the test, but I still ___ .
A. hope so
B. hope to
C. hope it
D. hope that
12 The doctor did what he could __ the boy, but in vain.
A. save
B. to save
C. sav ing
D. saved
13 You look happy today, Mary.
I like my new dress and Mother __ , too.
A. likes
B. does
C. is
D. do
14 What happe ned to the boy? He was making so much no ise.
He wan ted to play football, but his mother warned him ___ .
A. n ot
B. to
C. not to
D./
15 ____ for your brother, I would not have gone to see Mr. Wang.
A. If it is not
B. Were it not
C. Had it not been
D. If they were not
1. Whe n first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004 II)
A. in troduc ing
B. in troduced
C. in troduce
D. being in troduced
2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie whe n ______ at the meet ing by my boss. (NMET 2004 IV)
A. questi oning
B. hav ing questi oned
C. questi oned
D. to be questi oned
3. The man we followed sudde nly stopped and looked as if _______ whether he was goi ng in the right directio n. (NMET 2003 )
A. see ing
B. hav ing see n
C. to have see n
D. to see
4. Gen erally speak ing, ______ accord ing to the directi ons, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003 )
A. whe n tak ing
B. whe n take n
C. whe n to take
D. whe n to be take n
5. Un less _______ to speak, you should remai n sile nt at the conferen ce. (NMET 2003 )
A. i nvited
B. i nviti ng
C. being in vited
D. hav ing in vited
6. Whe n ________ , the museum will be ope n to the public next year. (NMET 2002 )
A. completed
B. completi ng
C. being completed
D. to be completed
7. Though _______ mon ey, his pare nts man-aged to send him to uni versity. (NMET 2002 )
A. lacked
B. lack ing of
C. lack ing
D. lacked in
8. The research is so desig ned that once _______ no thi ng can be done to cha nge
it. (NMET 2002)
A. beg ins
B. hav ing begu n
C. beg inning
D. begu n
9. You 're always work ing. Come on, let's go shopp ing.
_______ you ever want to do is going shopp ing. (NMET 2002
A. Anything
B. Something
C. All
D. That
10. Is this the reas on _______ at the meeti ng for his careless ness in his
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
第12讲并列句和状语从句两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一，在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查，在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下： 核心考点01考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and,both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or,either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but,yet,while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词 表示因果关系的连词有for，so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 5.when作并列连词的用法
when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb.was doing sth.when... ②sb.was about to/going to do sth.when... ③sb.was on the point of doing sth.when... ④sb.had just done sth.when...。如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。 6.while作并列连词的用法 while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢民间音乐。 I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin. 我喜欢弹钢琴，而我妹妹喜欢拉小提琴。 典例分析1 (2017北京卷)—Peter, please send us postcards_________ we’ll know where you have visited. —No problem. 【解析】句意:——彼得, 请给我们邮寄明信片, 这样我们就能知道你参观过哪些地方。——没问题。根据句意可知，第一句中前后两个分句为因果关系, 所以填so。 【答案】so 典例分析2 He is a shy man, _________he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 【解析】句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不惧怕任何人和任何事。根据前后句意可知,这里需要一个表示转折关系的连词。 【答案】but 典例分析3 You have to move out of the way_________ the truck cannot get past you. 【解析】句意:你得让让路,不然卡车过不去。根据句子结构和句意可知,空格处应该用or,表示一个否定的条件,意为“不然的话”。 【答案】or
第9讲祈使句 一. 祈使句的句式特征 祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加, 上please，以使句, 子的语气更加缓和, 或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。例如： Keep off the grass!勿踩草地！ Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。 二. 祈使句的肯定句式 祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型： 1. 行为动词原形＋其他成分。例如： Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。 2. Be动词＋其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）。例如： Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。 3. Let, ＋宾语＋动词原, 形＋, 其他, 成分, 。例如： Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。 三. 祈使句的否定句式 祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成“Don’t＋行为动词原形＋其他成分”。例如：Don’t say that again!别再那样说了！ 2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，构成“Don’t be＋其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）”。例如：Don’t be careless.不要粗心。 注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。 3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：（1）Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Don’t，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。（2）如果以Let’s开头的祈使句，必须在Let’s后加not。例如： Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. ＝Let me not go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。 Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。 4. 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No＋名词/V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。例如： NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照！ 四. 祈使句的反意问句 祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种式： 1. 祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用won’t you。例如： Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要给我们写信，好吗？ Come to have dinner with us this evenin g, won’t you? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？ 2. 祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如： Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？ 3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其他均用will you。例如：Let the boy go first, will you?让个那男孩先走，好吗？ Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？ 五. 祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是“形式一致”，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致。二是“意思相反”，即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如： --- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 ---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.
专题十六倒装句和省略句重难点分析 一、倒装句 倒装句主要考查以下几个方面： ◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装； ◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。 1. 倒装句用法一览表：
2. 特别提示 (1) there be结构的倒装句型中，除了be动词之外，there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住着一位老人。 (2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时不到装。如：Away it flew. 它飞走了。 (3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装，主句倒装，但是主语为代词时不倒装。如：“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它，”她说。 (4) so位于句首不倒装的情况：
① 主语与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。如： — Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。 — So he does. 确实是。 ② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如： — Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好，经常帮助处于困境中的人。 — So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。 (5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意： ①句首有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子，却能够明辨是非。 ②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如： Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。 (6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中，如果是复合句，只有主句用倒装，从句不用。如： Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。 二、省略句 高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。 省略句用法一览表：
高考英语语法-并列句和状语从句，题型全覆盖 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1．Lessons can be learned to face the future __though/although__history cannot be changed. 解析：对比分析两个句子的意思可知从句表达的意思是“虽然；尽管”。句意为：虽然历史不能被改变，但是可以学习经验来面对未来。设空处引导让步状语从句，故填though/although。 2．You will never gain success __unless__you are fully devoted to your work. 解析：根据句意可知主从句间是条件关系，且对比分析两句话间“主将从现”的时态及主句中的否定词never可知用表条件的unless(if...not)。句意为：除非你完全投入到你的工作中，否则你永远无法取得成功。 3．He is a shy man，__but__he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 解析：but用来连接并列但语义对比的两个句子。句意：他是个腼腆的人，但他并不怕任何事或任何人。 4．__Once__the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
解析：once一旦。句意：一旦造成损害，土地要好多年才能恢复。 5．We need to get to the root of the problem__before__we can solve it. 解析：本题考查状语从句的连词。before表示“主句发生在从句之前”。句意：在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。 6．__Although/Though__the job takes a significant amount of time，most students agree that the experience is worth it. 解析：although/though虽然(表示“虽然”时，不在后面使用连词but，不过有时它可与yet，still，nevertheless等副词连用)。句意：虽然那个工作要花大量的时间，但是大多数学生都觉得这次经历是值得的。 7．That's why I help brighten people's days.If you__don't__，who's to say that another person will? 解析：考查if引导的条件状语从句。在if引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。此句中的who's to say that another person will用的是将来时，故if引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时。句意：这就是为什么我要使人们的日子变得鲜活起来。如果你不这样做，你说谁会这样做？ 8．There is only one more day to go__before__your favorite music group play live.
高中英语语法之强调句及练习题 一、强调句句型 1.陈述句的强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。 e.g.It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 2.一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it 前面。 e.g.Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? 3.特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分? e.g.When and where was it that you were born? 4.强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。 强调主语：It was I that(who)met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. 强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station. 5.注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that，who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that，who不可省略;强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was……，其余的时态用It is……. 二、not…until…句型的强调句 1.句型为：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分 e.g.普通句：He didn't go to bed until/till his wife came back. 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 2.注意：此句型只用until，不用till.但如果不是强调句型，till，until可通用;因为句型中It is/was not……已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。 三、谓语动词的强调 1.It is/was……that……结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does或did.
初中英语语法大全：祈使句 祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号，用降调。 1含有第二人称主语的祈使句 Be careful！小心！ Don“t make such a noise.不要这么吵。 1.肯定的祈使句 a.句型：动词原形～.（省略主语） Stand up.起立。 Be quiet，please.请安静。 b.有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do Do sit down. 务必请坐。 Do study hard. 一定要努力学习。 比较 祈使句和陈述句 陈述句： You sit down. 你坐下来。 祈使句：
Sit down.坐下 （省略主语you） c.用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上please，但如果在句尾加please，那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“，”。 Go this way，please. 请这边走。 d.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号“，”隔开，放在句首或句尾。 Li Ming，come here. 李明，过来。 Come here，Li Ming. 过来，李明。 2.否定的祈使句 句型：Don“t +动词原形～ Don“t swim in the river. 别在河里游泳。 Don“t be late.别迟到。 Please don“t be noisy. 请不要大声喧哗。 注意 表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No+动名词”来表示。 No smoking.
禁止吸烟。 No parking. 禁止停车。 句型转换 祈使句与陈述句的改写 1．祈使句=You must…（陈述句） Come here .过来。=You must come here . 你必须过来。 Don“t do that again. 你一定不可以再那样做了。 2．Please +祈使句=Will you (please)～?（陈述句）Please help me .请帮帮我。 =Will you (please) help me? 你愿意帮我的忙吗？ Come here on time ,please .请准时到这儿。 =Will you (please) come here on time ? 请你准时到好吗？ 2含有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句 Let“s say good-by here. 我们在此道别吧。 Don“t let him do that again.
高中英语语法难点——并列句和主从复合句并列句基本概念： 并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。2、常见的并列句： (1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等,and 所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。(4) 说明原因, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。(5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。 主从复合句 1、概念： 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。如：While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。) / It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。) / Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。) / However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。) 2、分类： 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。(参见以下各条) 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法： (1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。①基本形式：(主句＋)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择：若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时；如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等
高中英语语法总结（完整版；高中必看！） 专题一：定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个
（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
一、选择题 1．Tom, laugh at（嘲笑）others. It’s not polite! A．don't B．doesn’t C．not D．don't be 2．Peter, here, or I’ll ask you to get out of the library. A．not shout B．don’t shout C．not to shout D．no shout 3．The teacher often says, “ _____ late for school. ” A．Don’t B．Don’t be C．Not D．Doesn’t 4．Tim,______noisy in the library. A．don’t B．doesn’t C．don’t be D．doesn’t be 5．---Be careful, don’t forget to follow your father. ---I know that, Mum. One can never be too careful. A．and B．or C．but D．so 6．_______ afraid of making mistakes. We can learn from our mistakes. A．Be not B．Don’t be C．Not be D．Not to be 7．Cindy, ______ chase other students in the class. A．doesn't B．do C．be D．don't 8．___________really hard, and you can realize your dream of becoming an astronaut. A．Works B．To work C．Working D．Work 9．—Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. — _________. A．I don't B．I won't C．I will D．I'd like to 10．Hurry up, _________ you will be late for class. A．and B．or C．but D．so 11．-Let's make fruit salad. - _____________ . A．No,I'm not B．Thank you C．That's all right D．That's a good idea 12．good care of yourself when you are alone, or your parents will worry about you. A．Taking B．To take C．Taken D．Take 13．Let’s ____________ volleyball. That _________ good. A．playing, is B．playing, sounds C．play, sounds D．play, is sound 14．Your future is whatever you make it, so ________it a good one. A．to make B．making C．made D．make 15．---Mike, ___________ run in the hallways. 一Sorry, Ms. Clark. A．don't B．doesn't C．let's D．please 16．— Daniel, _________ be late for school again! —Sorry, Mrs. Lin. I won’t. A．doesn’t B．don’t C．isn’t D．won’t
语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句 一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
并列句 概念 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有：and,but,or,so等.并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。 如： I like action movies but don't like thrillers. Hurry up or you'll be late. （快点，否则你要迟到了。） and,or和but都是连词，在句中连接两个或两个以上的并列成分。可连接两个词，两个短语，两个分句，但所连接的两个成分必须一致，绝不能一个是词，一个是句子。如： I like red and orange. He isn't my brother or my friend. I like playing football and swimming. and 的意思是“和”，表示前后两个成分的并列或对称关系；or的意思是“或者”、“否则”、“要不然”，表示两个成分并列或选择关系；but 的意思是“但是”，表示两个成分之间的转折关系。 并列句中：1.表并列关系的由and,both...and,as well as,not only...but (also),neither...nor等组成。 She not only sings but also dance. 2.表转折关系的与but,however（然而），while(然而），still,yet等连用。 The film is not perfect,still,it's good. 3.表选择关系的由or,either...or...,not...but...,or else（否则）连接 Take the chance,or else you will regret（后悔）it. 4.表因果关系的与for,so/so that,therefore（因此),because等连用。
八祈使句 语法串1、祈使句的基本原则是句子以动词原形开始，但有时可加称呼主语 如：Open the wind, please. Tom, you feed the bird today, will you? 2、有时为了让语气委婉或表示客气也可在主语前添加一些固定成分 如：Will you (please) + 动词原形Would you (please) + 动词原形 3、可以在动词前加do以加强语气。 如：Do write to me as soon as you arrive there. 4、几种特殊情况。 a) Let me try again, will you? b)Let’s sing the English song together, shall we? c)Let us sing the English song , will you? d)Don’t do that again, will you? e)Don’t do that again, won’t you? 语法精练： 1. _____ at the door before entering, please. A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 2.---Tom, you feed the bird today, _____? ---But I fed it yesterday. A. will you B. did you C. can you D. aren’t you 3.---Sorry, Joe, I don’t mean to… ---Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr. Darker to you, and _____ you forget it? A. do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t 4.Don’t be discouraged. _____things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life. A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken 5.Let’s go outing tomorrow since it is Sunday, _____? A. will you B. shall we C. aren’t we D. won’t you 6. More time to me, ________________________(我就会出色地完成这项任务).(finish) 7.____________________ (不要花你的钱) so fast, or you’ll end up as a beggar. (spend) 答案：1.A 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.and I’ll finish the task well 7. Don’t spend your money