大方广佛华严经合论纂要
第31课
汉译英解题要领
一、注意英国人思维方式,牢牢抓住英语三个基本句型
先确定句型，举什么旗子，再逐步完成
▲主+系动词+表
▲谓+主+状该句型通常用于表达某地存在某物（人）
▲主+谓+宾+状
单词不会写中文，千万不要因为一，两个单词不会而放弃！！！
在翻译过程中，从刚刚压缩成的基本句型开始，一步步扩大句子，添加修饰成分，直至完整。现举数例：
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●例1. 我们居住的地球是一个大球体。
第一步：先确定句型，举什么旗子, 把句子缩小到只剩下基本句型我们居住的地球是一个大球体
主+系动词+表The earth is a globe.
第二步：确定成分---定语从句-- where (oN which)--扩大句子
我们居住的地球是一个大球体
The earth where we live is a big globe.
第三步：按下列顺序检查句子
孙老师特别提示：英文书面表达注意事项
注意英语的三个句子，举什么旗子不要错，不要丢。
2.小心单数复数和冠词。
3注意时态,主动被动
4注意肯定否定，别忘了问号。
5注意定语的位置，及从句的连词
●例2 .正是那棵树在洪水中救了他们的命。
第一步：先确定句型，举什么旗子, 把句子缩小到只剩下基本句型正是那棵树在洪水中救了他们的命。
主+谓+宾+状The tree saved their lives in the flood(s).
第二步：确定成分---强调句型----扩大句子
It was the tree that saved their lives
in the flood(s).
第三步：按下列顺序检查句子
注意该句应为过去时，做题容易错，生命忘掉加s
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●例3 我们无法想象在那个遥远的星球上存在什么东西。第一步：先确定句型，举什么旗子, 把句子缩小到只剩下基本句型我们无法想象在那个遥远的星球上存在什么东西。
▲主+谓+宾We cannot imagine ………………
第二步：确定成分-------宾语从句-----确定连词what ------扩大句子我们无法想象在那个遥远的星球上存在什么东西。
We cannot imagine what exists on that far-away planet.
如词汇量小的同学也可选自已会的单词，条条大路通罗马。
We cannot suppose what is on that far-away planet.
第三步：按下列顺序检查句子
注意该句中的连词。
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●例4 他今早上学又迟到了。昨晚他肯定是睡得太晚了。
第一步：先确定句型，举什么旗子, 把句子缩小到只剩下基本句型
他今早上学又迟到了。昨晚他肯定是睡得太晚了。
主+系动词+表He was late for the school again this morning……..
第二步：确定成分-------原因状语从句-----确定连词------扩大句子
他今早上学又迟到了。昨晚他肯定是睡得太晚了。
He was late for the school again this morning for he must have gone to sleep too late last night.
第三步：按下列顺序检查句子
注意该句中的连词,从句是对过去的推测用must have done
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●例5 然而，在那个国家还有成千上万的年轻人却很难找到工作。第一步：先确定句型，举什么旗子, 把句子缩小到只剩下基本句型
然而，在那个国家还有成千上万的年轻人却很难找到工作。There be … in that country, there are also thousands and thousands of young people……
第二步：确定成分------确定成分---定语从句----who-----扩大句子
然而，在那个国家还有成千上万的年轻人却很难找到工作。However, in that country there are also thousands and thousands of young people who find it very difficult to get work.
第三步：按下列顺序检查句子
注意该句中的连词,从句动词不定式做宾代补语后置
北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试（A）答案2005．11．19
Section B
Directions: In this part there are five sentences in Chinese. You should translate them into English. Be sure to write clearly.
81．正是那棵树在洪水中救了他们的命。
82．我们无法想象在那个遥远的星球上存在什么东西。
83．他今早上学又迟到了。昨晚他肯定是睡得太晚了。
84．父母没有预料到孩子的问题这样难回答。
85．然而，在那个国家还有成千上万的年轻人却很难找到工作。
key
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81．正是那棵树在洪水中救了他们的命。
The tree saved their lives in the flood(s)
It was the tree that saved their lives in the flood(s).
82．我们无法想象在那个遥远的星球上存在什么东西。
We cannot imagine what exists on that far-away planet.
It is beyond our imagination that what exits in that star which is so far away.
83．他今早上学又迟到了。昨晚他肯定是睡得太晚了。
He was late for the school again this morning. He must have stayed up too late last night. (He must have gone to sleep too late last night.)
He was late for school again this morning. He must have gone to bed very late yesterday evening.
84．父母没有预料到孩子的问题这样难回答。
The parents did not expect that the child’s question would be so
hard/difficult to answer.
The parents didn’t expect that it would be so hard/difficult to answer the child’s question.
The parents didn’t expect that the child would ask such a difficult question.The parents did not expect that their child’s question was too hard to give a reply.
85．然而，在那个国家还有成千上万的年轻人却很难找到工作。However, in that country there are also thousands and thousands of young people who find it very difficult to get work.
However, there are still thousands of young people who are hard to find a job in that country.
二、捕捉题目中的重点语法现象、特定句型和重要短语
1 常考的重点语法现象
不定式、分词、动名词、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、虚拟语气、倒装句等都是汉译英考题的重点语法。因在前面第二章第四节中已经讨论过，本章不再赘述。
2 特定句型
这里讨论的是几个常考句型。
⑴比较给常考句型：
as…as（和…一样）；more…more（比…多）；less(more)… than （比…少）；th（比…少）；例如：
他的空闲时间没有人们所想的那么多。
He hasn’t so (as)much free time as people think.
约翰的工厂同亨利的工厂一样难以管理
John’s factory is as difficult to manage as Henry’s.
他告诉我们新版本比旧版便宜一些。
He told us that the new edition was less expensive than the old one.
山越高，其温度越低.
The higher a mountain is , the lower its temperature is .
你拥有的越多，你所需求的就越多。
The more you have ,the more you will want.
⑵句型“It is ...to.../ It is ...that ...”
这两个句型中it都是形式主语，用来替代句子中的不定式或主语从句。当作主语的不定式或从句比较长时，就用it作形式主语的这个句型。如：
晚起是一种坏习惯。
It is a bad habit to get up late.
要在三个小时内完成这项试验是很不可能的。
It is quite impossible to finish this experiment within three hours.
他如何致富依然是个迷。
It is still a mystery how he became rich.
很显然，生产决策实际上依靠的是信息资料。
It is clear(obvious) that a production decision, in fact, depends on the information.
据说我们不久要再建两个实验室。
It is said that we will build two more labs before long.
原来没人记得地址。
It turned out that nobody remembered the address.
他似乎该为这一错误负全部责任。
It seemed that he alone was responsible for the mistake.
⑶“not...until...”句型。
“not...until...”句型是很具有代表性的句型。
例如：
直到失去健康之后我们才知道健康的宝贵。
We don’t realize the preciousness of the health until we lose it .
直到半夜他才上床。
He did n’t go to bed until midnight.
It wasnotuntilthathe wantto
这个句型经常用作倒装句或用在强调句型中。例如上面两句可以写为：
It is not until we lose it that we realize the preciousness of health.
Not until we lose it do we realize the preciousness of health.
It was not until midnight that he went to bed .
Not until midnight did he go to bed .
⑷一些重要的引导状语从句的连词，如so that（以便），so...that...（如此...以至于），as far as（只要），however（= no matter how无论如何），no matter...（无论），although（尽管），while（一边...一边），just as （正如），in case（= for fear that万一）。
例如：
讲清楚些、大声点，以便他们能听懂你的话。
Speak clearly and loudly so that they can understand you.
夜黑沉沉的，我们什么也看不见。
It was such a dark night that we could not see anything.
既然你提到这件事，我就向你解释一下。
Now that you mention it, I will explain it to you.
只要我们合作，就会很容易完成这工作。
As long as we cooperate, we can finish the work easily.
尽管他努力学习，也没有通过考试。
Although he studied hard, he failed to pass the exam.
带上伞，免得下雨。
Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.
⑸it 用作形式宾语
他们发现在10点前不可能把一切准备好。
They found it impossible to get everything ready before 10 o’clock.
我认为费这么大劲不值得。
I don’t think it worthwhile taking such trouble.
我们把帮助别人看成是我们的责任。
We regard it our duty to help others.
⑹too...to...太……而不能。
这项工作太难了，你干不了。
This job is too difficult for you to do.
⑺used to do 和be used to doing
我过去喜欢画画。
I used to like painting
我习惯每天画画.
I am used to painting pictures everyday.
⑻not only ...but also ...,either ...or , neither...nor
你可以留在这儿也可以和我们一起去。
You may either stay here or go with us.
他既不知道也不关心发生了什么事。
He neither knows nor cares what has happened.
我不知道地址，他也不知道。
I don’t know the address, neither does he.
你不仅滑稽而且机智。
You are not only funny but also witty.
⑼后接不定式和动名词意义不同的动词，如remember, forget, regret, go on .
我很遗憾地通知你，你被解雇了。
I regret to inform you that you are dismissed.
去邮局时别忘了把包裹带上。
Don’t forget to take the parcel with you when you go to the post office.
我记得在哪儿见过他。
I remember seeing him somewhere.
⑽必须接动名词的动词或固定结构，如mind, can’t help ,have trouble doing sth.,It is worth doing sth., It is no good doing sth.（做某事是没用的），It is no use doing sth.等。
你介意我开窗户吗？
Do you mind my opening the window?
我禁不住大哭起来。
I can’t help laughing.
我发动不了汽车了。
I had trouble getting the car started.
现在给他打电话也没用。
It is no use calling him now.
这本书值得读。
It is worth reading.
北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试
2006年4月22日真题?(A卷)
汉译英
81.?他起得很早为的是赶上第一班公共汽车。
82.?直到昨天晚上他才改变了他的主意。
83.?同意这项建议的请举手。
84.?无论多忙，你都应该抽时间看望父母。
85.?每次访问他们都会发现这个城市呈现出新的面貌。
key
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81.?他起得很早为的是赶上第一班公共汽车。
He gets (got) up early so (in order) that he may (might) catch the first bus.
He gets (got) up early so (in order) to catch the first bus.
82.?直到昨天晚上他才改变了他的主意。
He did not change his mind until yesterday evening (last night).
Not until yesterday evening did he change his mind.
It was not until yesterday evening that he changed his mind.
83.?同意这项建议的请举手。
Those who agree to (are for/ are in favor of ) this (the)
proposal(suggestion) ,please raise(put up) your hands.
84.?无论多忙，你都应该抽时间看望父母。
No matter how busy you are , you should spare (some) time to visit your parents
85.?每次访问他们都会发现这个城市呈现出新的面貌。
They would find (that) the city took on a new look every time they visited it.
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